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cave. The team that made the Hohle Fels discovery wrote that these finds were, at the time, the earliest evidence of humans being engaged in musical culture. They suggested music may have helped to maintain bonds between larger groups of humans, and that this may have helped the species to expand
93:
The flutes were found in caves with the oldest known examples of figurative art. Music and sculpture as artistic expression have developed simultaneously among the first humans in Europe, as the region is considered a key area in which various cultural innovations have developed. In addition to
167:
pierced with spaced holes. Later dating using the more powerful ESR method has shown that the layer containing the flute is outside the dating range of the AMS-14C method and that the original dating of samples from this layer was incorrect. According to ESR dating, the age of the bone is now
463:
354:; Laura Basell; Roger Jacobic; Rachel Wood; Christopher Bronk Ramsey; Nicholas J. Conard (May 8, 2012). "Τesting models for the beginnings of the Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music: The radiocarbon chronology of Geißenklösterle".
175:
94:
recreational and religious purposes, such ritual music might have helped to maintain larger social networks. This may have provided a competitive advantage over the
Neanderthals.
125:. The flute is made from a vulture radius bone perforated with five finger holes, and dates to approximately 35,000 years ago. Several years before, two flutes made of
614:
2372:
2113:
1709:
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in 1995, has also been suggested as the oldest
Paleolithic flute, though this claim has been disputed. The artifact is AMS-14C dated to 43100 ± 700 year old
2328:
1837:
2160:
1611:
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and that there may have been four originally before the item was damaged. However, other scientists have argued that the holes were chewed by an animal.
439:
Mousterienska
Koscena Piscal in druge najdbe iz Divjih Bab I v Sloveniji (Mousterian Bone Flute and other finds from Divje Babe I Cave site in Slovenia)
446:
82:. The Aurignacian flutes were created between 43,000 and 35,000 years ago. The flutes, made of bone and ivory, represent the earliest known
607:
502:"'Neanderthal bone flutes': simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens"
1738:
644:
1832:
2357:
1748:
786:
600:
411:
1970:
1500:
760:
351:
212:; Malina, Maria; Münzel, Susanne C. (2009). "New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany".
75:. Dated and tested independently by two laboratories, in England and Germany, the artifacts are authentic products of the
1965:
1505:
978:
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931:
588:
107:
828:
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2034:
464:"A Middle Palaeolithic origin of music? Using cave-bear bone accumulations to assess the Divje Babe I bone 'flute'"
1945:
1854:
300:
Conard, N. J. (2009). "A female figurine from the basal
Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany".
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79:
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1982:
1675:
1601:
1370:
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1132:
1125:
671:
2389:
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2130:
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1493:
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971:
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221:
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1898:
1731:
1264:
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993:
146:
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45:
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1997:
1392:
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83:
61:
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2007:
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87:
64:
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998:
958:
654:
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363:
317:
229:
153:
2479:
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2029:
1957:
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1269:
1152:
723:
389:
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149:
cave flutes, suggesting that they could be older than the one from the Hohle Fels cave.
37:
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31:
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D'Errico, Francesco; Villa, Paola; Llona, Ana C. Pinto; Idarraga, Rosa Ruiz (1998).
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730:
557:
Morley, Iain (2006). "Mousterian
Musicianship? The Case of the Dijve Babe I Bone".
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35.000 Jahre alte Flöten gefunden (in German), swr.de, Retrieved on June 29, 2009
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estimated at 50,000 to 60,000 years BP. Its discoverer suggested the holes were
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both in numbers and in geographical range. In 2012, a fresh high-resolution
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2012:
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30:"Bone flute" redirects here. For the science fiction short story, see
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examination revealed an age of 42,000 to 43,000 years for the
44:
flute made from an animal bone, 43,000 to 39,000 years old,
441:. Znanstvenoraziskovalni Center Sazu, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
117:
In 2006, the Hohle Fels flute was discovered in the
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56:During regular archaeological excavations, several
27:Flutes that date to the European Upper Paleolithic
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106:Aurignacian flute, 43,000–39,000 years old.
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412:"Earliest musical instrument discovered"
275:"Earliest musical instrument discovered"
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86:and provide unmistakable evidence of
7:
390:"Earliest music instruments found"
25:
1739:Megalithic architectural elements
571:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2006.00264.x
500:Diedrich, C. G. (1 April 2015).
67:were discovered in caves in the
2358:Evolutionary origin of religion
1:
1971:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
1501:British megalith architecture
559:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
1966:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1506:Nordic megalith architecture
473:. 72. (March) (275): 65–79.
416:International Business Times
368:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.03.003
190:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2501:
2114:British Isles and Brittany
2035:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
506:Royal Society Open Science
356:Journal of Human Evolution
156:, which was discovered in
152:The artifact known as the
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479:10.1017/S0003598X00086282
136:were found in the nearby
437:Turk, Ivan, ed. (1997).
392:. BBC News. May 25, 2012
108:Landesmuseum Württemberg
2346:Evolutionary musicology
1749:Oldest extant buildings
1676:Archaeological features
1195:Prepared-core technique
362:(6). Elsevier: 664–76.
2308:Unchambered long cairn
2156:Mound Builders culture
1489:Neolithic architecture
624:Prehistoric technology
180:
179:The Divje Babe "flute"
114:
80:archaeological culture
53:
1983:List of Stone Age art
1185:Microblade technology
1133:Langdale axe industry
731:Ard / plough
178:
129:bone and one made of
105:
40:
2390:Prehistoric medicine
2385:Prehistoric counting
2368:Prehistoric religion
2363:Paleolithic religion
2341:Behavioral modernity
1698:Causewayed enclosure
1590:Abri de la Madeleine
714:Neolithic Revolution
2429:Prehistoric warfare
1175:Magdalenian culture
1138:Levallois technique
1069:Earliest toolmaking
526:10.1098/rsos.140022
518:2015RSOS....240022D
322:10.1038/nature07995
314:2009Natur.459..248C
234:10.1038/nature08169
226:2009Natur.460..737C
210:Conard, Nicholas J.
84:musical instruments
2380:Origin of language
2373:Spiritual drug use
2283:Rectangular dolmen
2185:Dartmoor kistvaens
1998:Carved stone balls
1710:Circular enclosure
1669:Other architecture
1612:Alp pile dwellings
1200:Solutrean industry
1111:Gravettian culture
761:Secondary products
279:The New York Times
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121:cave in Germany's
115:
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18:Paleolithic flutes
2475:Upper Paleolithic
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2402:Prehistoric music
2351:music archaeology
2008:Cup and ring mark
1833:Clothing/textiles
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1220:Yubetsu technique
1205:Striking platform
1170:Lithic technology
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1040:Game drive system
959:Projectile points
851:Mortar and pestle
448:978-961-6182-29-4
308:(7244): 248–252.
88:prehistoric music
65:Upper Paleolithic
60:that date to the
16:(Redirected from
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2417:Divje Babe flute
2324:Archaeoastronomy
2067:Petrosomatoglyph
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220:(7256): 737–40.
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154:Divje Babe flute
147:Geissenklösterle
138:Geissenklösterle
46:Geissenklösterle
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2268:Megalithic tomb
2173:Cotswold-Severn
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2030:Guardian stones
1958:Prehistoric art
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1759:Timber trackway
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1624:Wattle and daub
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582:External links
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565:(4): 317–333.
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418:. May 25, 2012
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352:Higham, Thomas
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131:woolly mammoth
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32:The Bone Flute
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2470:Ancient music
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2293:Simple dolmen
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2278:Passage grave
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2122:
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2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:Statue menhir
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:Stone carving
2085:
2083:
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2078:
2075:
2073:
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2011:
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1929:
1927:
1926:Sewing needle
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1754:Timber circle
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1733:
1730:
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1725:
1723:
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1713:
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1703:Tor enclosure
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1699:
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1691:fulacht fiadh
1689:
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956:
948:
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940:
938:
935:
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928:
927:spear-thrower
925:
924:
923:
920:
918:
915:
911:
908:
907:
906:
905:Bow and arrow
903:
899:
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839:
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827:
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815:
814:Grinding slab
812:
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772:
769:
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764:
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749:
747:
746:Domestication
744:
742:
741:Digging stick
739:
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734:
732:
729:
725:
722:
720:
719:Founder crops
717:
716:
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712:
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709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
686:
680:
677:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
661:
660:New Stone Age
658:
656:
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648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
625:
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581:
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541:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:(4): 140022.
511:
507:
503:
496:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
458:
455:
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417:
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407:
404:
391:
385:
382:
377:
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353:
347:
344:
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323:
319:
315:
311:
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296:
293:
280:
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264:
259:
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251:
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205:
202:
195:
191:
188:
187:
183:
177:
173:
171:
166:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
143:carbon dating
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
113:
109:
104:
97:
95:
91:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2411:
2234:wedge-shaped
2219:Funeral pyre
2212:Great dolmen
2168:Chamber tomb
2149:Round barrow
2104:Stone circle
1976:Blombos Cave
1904:Grooved ware
1828:Chalcolithic
1732:Thornborough
1650:Flush toilet
1585:Blombos Cave
1580:Rock shelter
1536:Quiggly hole
1428:Architecture
1403:illustration
1045:Buffalo jump
866:Storage pits
829:Aşıklı Höyük
819:Ground stone
655:Subdivisions
562:
558:
552:
509:
505:
495:
470:
457:
438:
432:
420:. Retrieved
415:
406:
394:. Retrieved
384:
359:
355:
346:
305:
301:
295:
283:. Retrieved
278:
217:
213:
204:
151:
116:
98:Early flutes
92:
55:
2256:unchambered
2251:Long barrow
2241:Grave goods
2197:Court cairn
2192:Clava cairn
2144:Bowl barrow
2082:Rock cupule
2025:Golden hats
2018:Hill figure
1919:Unstan ware
1899:Cord-marked
1764:Sweet Track
1686:Burnt mound
1607:Stilt house
1595:Sibudu Cave
1388:Tally stick
1356:Quern-stone
1341:Hammerstone
1331:Fire plough
1302:Pesse canoe
1260:Bannerstone
1230:Other tools
1143:Lithic core
1091:Aurignacian
979:Bare Island
861:Quern-stone
123:Swabian Alb
77:Aurignacian
69:Swabian Alb
42:Aurignacian
2464:Categories
2395:trepanning
2288:Ring cairn
2246:Jar burial
2229:transepted
2161:U.S. sites
2062:Petroglyph
1988:Bird stone
1946:wine press
1619:Stone roof
1602:Roundhouse
1494:long house
1471:Stonehenge
1439:Ceremonial
1383:Stone tool
1210:Tool stone
1180:Metallurgy
1084:Mousterian
1061:Toolmaking
999:Cumberland
972:Transverse
942:Schöningen
834:Qesem cave
802:Earth oven
756:Irrigation
667:Technology
635:Prehistory
467:(Abstract)
196:References
119:Hohle Fels
71:region of
2439:symbolism
2303:Tor cairn
2261:Grønsalen
2202:Cremation
2094:Sculpture
2072:Pictogram
2057:Petroform
1877:amber use
1845:Cosmetics
1655:Reservoir
1640:Check dam
1570:Pueblitos
1565:Pit-house
1548:Longhouse
1482:Dwellings
1351:Microlith
1282:Bow drill
1277:Bone tool
1270:prismatic
1079:Acheulean
994:Cresswell
967:Arrowhead
893:Boomerang
809:Granaries
771:Terracing
650:Stone Age
471:Antiquity
338:205216692
242:0028-0836
162:cave bear
127:mute swan
112:Stuttgart
2077:Rock art
2040:painting
2013:Geoglyph
1838:timeline
1818:Beadwork
1558:Mehrgarh
1553:Mudbrick
1461:megalith
1336:Fire-saw
1158:debitage
1153:analysis
1121:Hand axe
1101:Cupstone
679:Glossary
640:Timeline
544:26064624
487:55161909
376:22575323
330:19444215
285:July 15,
250:19553935
184:See also
158:Slovenia
62:European
2434:Symbols
2045:pigment
1931:Weaving
1894:Cardium
1889:Pottery
1884:Mirrors
1872:Jewelry
1813:Baskets
1793:culture
1645:Cistern
1451:Pyramid
1393:Weapons
1371:Scraper
1361:Racloir
1321:Cleaver
1309:Chopper
1215:Uniface
1126:Grooves
1116:Hafting
1074:Oldowan
1033:Systems
984:Cascade
947:woomera
937:harpoon
910:history
876:Hunting
856:Pottery
797:Cooking
706:Farming
672:history
645:Outline
535:4448875
514:Bibcode
422:May 26,
396:May 26,
310:Bibcode
258:4336590
222:Bibcode
170:manmade
73:Germany
2480:Flutes
2412:flutes
2207:Dolmen
2131:Burial
1941:winery
1914:Linear
1744:Midden
1722:Cursus
1715:Goseck
1575:Pueblo
1526:Dugout
1511:Burdei
1190:Mining
1014:Lamoka
1009:Folsom
989:Clovis
846:Metate
824:Hearth
792:Basket
766:Sickle
542:
532:
485:
445:
374:
336:
328:
302:Nature
256:
248:
240:
214:Nature
58:flutes
50:Swabia
2329:sites
2273:Mummy
1993:Cairn
1909:Jōmon
1860:shoes
1855:Hides
1727:Henge
1681:Broch
1543:Jacal
1398:Wheel
1346:Knife
1292:Canoe
1287:Burin
1265:Blade
1163:flake
1024:Plano
932:baton
922:Spear
888:Arrow
841:Manos
694:Tools
483:S2CID
334:S2CID
254:S2CID
165:femur
134:ivory
2422:gudi
2180:Cist
2109:list
1936:Wine
1865:Ötzi
1850:Glue
1823:Beds
1791:and
1789:Arts
1660:Well
1516:Cave
1446:Kiva
1376:side
1366:Rope
1314:tool
1248:bone
1238:Adze
1004:Eden
917:Nets
787:Fire
751:Goad
736:Celt
540:PMID
443:ISBN
424:2012
398:2012
372:PMID
326:PMID
287:2017
246:PMID
238:ISSN
1531:Hut
1466:row
1297:Oar
1255:Axe
1243:Awl
567:doi
530:PMC
522:doi
475:doi
364:doi
318:doi
306:459
230:doi
218:460
2466::
563:25
561:.
538:.
528:.
520:.
508:.
504:.
481:.
469:.
414:.
370:.
360:62
358:.
332:.
324:.
316:.
304:.
277:.
266:^
252:.
244:.
236:.
228:.
216:.
110:,
90:.
616:e
609:t
602:v
573:.
569::
546:.
524::
516::
510:2
489:.
477::
451:.
426:.
400:.
378:.
366::
340:.
320::
312::
289:.
260:.
232::
224::
52:)
48:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
