194:
1171:
561:
1185:
653:
20:
618:
Native
American traditions of ancient giants often portray them as neither quite animal or quite human. There is also variation among legends regarding whether or not the giants were dangerous to people. Some local traditions insist that the giants were not a threat to local people and if offered
797:
Research in New York State continues into the present, particularly at the
Research Department of the New York State Museum whose collections contain 17,000 studied specimens and 600,000 more to be used in future research. NY State geologists are making startling discoveries by U-Pb dating the
798:
zircons found in ancient rock, dating the layers of NY rock formations back to before 2 billion years ago. The NYS Museum has departments in
Invertebrate Paleontology, Paleobotany and Pleistocene Vertebrate Paleontology. Much current study focuses on evidence of paleoclimatology.
644:. Mather himself attributed the bones to wicked giants that drowned in Noah's Flood in a work written the next year. In actuality the 1705 discovery at Claverack were of the state's first scientifically documented mastodon fossils.
627:
people believed, by contrast, in ancient giant "naked" bears who hunted the indigenous people of the eastern United States. The last of these monstrous creatures was said to have been killed hundreds of years ago on a cliff at the
611:, which were believed to have lived eight to ten generations ago. They believed the giants were as tall as trees and hunted bears by knocking them down from the trees. The giants could gather many
1705:
774:
finds had been made before 1933. However, mastodon remains had become relatively common. By 1933, more than a hundred mastodon specimens had been dug up in New York. More recent was the
2023:
2013:
707:
was able to analyze its stomach contents and help reconstruct the flora of the ancient forest it fed in. The specimen was curated by the
American Museum of Natural History.
1698:
1381:
1332:
417:. The Carboniferous and Permian periods span a gap in the local rock record. During this interval local sediments were being eroded away rather than deposited.
2018:
1691:
2008:
1093:
1357:
1308:
1773:
1120:
619:
meat were even safe for people to interact with. Nevertheless, these traditions portray the local humans as terrified of the giants. The
1958:
1056:
715:
672:
1673:
1714:
1636:
1620:
640:
discovery that the remains were verification of their tales of ancient giants. According to the Albany
Indians the giant was called
372:
Central and southern New York were home to a westward-flowing river system during the
Devonian accompanied by a delta known as the
734:, two species of lycopods that resembled ground pines and club mosses, creeping vines, ferns, and relatives of modern horsetails.
1989:
1883:
193:
1923:
1888:
1602:
1963:
1868:
1828:
1208:
1203:
1134:
1556:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1893:
1218:
1097:
676:
1843:
1758:
1198:
583:
criticized the Dutch
Farmers for being skeptical about the natives' belief that the valley had once been inhabited by
286:
are the best exposed fossil-bearing deposits in the state. Common marine invertebrates of
Devonian New York included
1878:
1873:
1748:
1213:
1968:
1933:
1838:
1813:
1078:
1065:
955:
461:
472:
contemporary with the dinosaurian trackmakers left behind their own footprints to fossilize. During the ensuing
1953:
1903:
1858:
1848:
1833:
1823:
1808:
1788:
1763:
1753:
1743:
959:
823:
736:
1973:
1948:
1853:
1793:
1768:
1738:
1728:
1190:
1115:
843:
270:
period. As the sea level lowered the waters covering the western part of the state became shallower and the
1908:
1863:
1803:
1778:
1733:
1111:
1084:
945:
875:
684:
668:
457:
1938:
1818:
1783:
1102:
1088:
899:
592:
151:
1658:
Weishampel, D.B. & L. Young. 1996. Dinosaurs of the East Coast. The Johns
Hopkins University Press.
495:
scoured the state, reshaping its topography and leaving behind significant sedimentary deposits. Local
1943:
1898:
1798:
1143:
1074:
1037:
1012:
998:
990:
984:
963:
949:
935:
907:
893:
885:
879:
865:
851:
837:
827:
775:
756:
752:
741:
711:
220:
1176:
1124:
994:
871:
637:
444:
143:
1375:
1326:
903:
786:
700:
680:
641:
373:
177:
104:
636:, there was universal consensus among the Native Americans living within a hundred miles of the
1668:
1651:
Picconi, Jane, Dale
Springer, Judy Scotchmoor, Sarah Rieboldt. July 21, 2006. "New York, US."
1632:
1616:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1542:
1432:
Weishampel and Young (1996); "Pennsylvania/New Jersey/New York (Stockton Formation)", page 90.
1363:
1353:
1314:
1304:
1139:
1069:
1004:
980:
889:
861:
857:
847:
819:
600:
587:. The local people adhering to this interpretation of the ancient remains likely included the
584:
580:
560:
540:
150:
is also mostly absent from the local rock record. However, evidence indicates that during the
24:
604:
1983:
1128:
1106:
620:
544:
389:
362:
42:
976:
201:
197:
34:
1557:"Dr. Lisa Amati Appointed New York State Paleontologist | the New York State Museum"
266:
along the easternmost edge of North America. Local sea levels had dropped by the ensuing
913:
748:
428:
strata are largely absent in New York. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that during the
406:
256:
1031:
2002:
1060:
931:
921:
719:
633:
576:
465:
377:
248:
224:
212:
159:
123:
68:
49:
38:
1683:
703:. The Warren Mastodon, as the specimen became known, was so well preserved that Dr.
1025:
941:
791:
740:, the magazine of the American Museum of Natural History, began to be published in
652:
629:
334:
182:
1678:
353:
and graptolites were also present. The fishes of Devonian New York included small
927:
782:
767:
508:
500:
496:
402:
354:
232:
216:
173:
131:
100:
96:
84:
76:
1645:
1629:
Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States
1270:
Picconi, Springer, Scotchmoor, and Rieboldt (2006); "Paleontology and geology".
376:. This delta was home to some of the world's oldest known forests, such as the
1166:
833:
802:
520:
489:
448:
437:
414:
398:
381:
366:
322:
310:
287:
244:
240:
92:
1367:
1318:
1008:
917:
763:
612:
536:
452:
350:
342:
314:
260:
228:
139:
88:
80:
19:
1648:. New York State Library. Last Updated: April 27, 2009. Accessed 12-31-12.
1347:
1298:
779:
760:
723:
704:
692:
656:
588:
504:
492:
485:
473:
469:
441:
429:
425:
358:
338:
330:
295:
283:
267:
231:
inhabited the state at this time. Other inhabitants of this sea included
170:
163:
155:
147:
135:
112:
108:
61:
57:
53:
759:
very few fossils were known in New York. Among the early finds were the
771:
727:
624:
608:
596:
572:
532:
512:
433:
394:
306:
302:
263:
247:. The terrestrial Ordovician rocks of New York record the process of a
127:
116:
223:
region of the state. New York was covered by a shallow sea during the
67:
Much of New York was covered in seawater during the early part of the
1572:
Garcia and Miller (1998); "Appendix C: Major Fossil Clubs", page 197.
346:
291:
209:
46:
488:
are largely absent from New York's rock record. However, during the
730:
to ever exist. Among the plants found were seed ferns in the genus
1428:
1426:
651:
559:
528:
484:
Like the Mesozoic, strata dating back to the early portion of the
385:
326:
298:
236:
192:
18:
1474:
Mayor (2005); "Giants at Claverack, New York, 1705", pages 35-36.
476:, rift basin formation continued in the state as Pangea divided.
718:
was organized. 1869 was also the starting year of excavation at
696:
516:
410:
318:
271:
1687:
1519:
Weishampel and Young (1996); "The Great Institutions", page 79.
1507:
Weishampel and Young (1996); "The Great Institutions", page 78.
1652:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
524:
252:
72:
1679:
Devonian Fossils of Western New York and Collecting Locations
1568:
1566:
1483:
Mayor (2005); "Giants at Claverack, New York, 1705", page 36.
1465:
Mayor (2005); "Giants at Claverack, New York, 1705", page 35.
1456:
Mayor (2005); "Giants at Claverack, New York, 1705", page 34.
138:
New York, but during the early part of the era, carnivorous
1352:. Paleontological Research Institution. Ithaca, New York.
1303:. Paleontological Research Institution. Ithaca, New York.
667:
One significant event from the early 19th century was the
615:
at a time by wading out into river water 12–14 feet deep.
37:
research occurring within or conducted by people from the
1043:
710:
1869 was an important year for New York paleontology. In
1528:
New York State Library (2009); "New York State Fossil -
200:
reconstruction of the Appalachian Basin area during the
1440:
1438:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
751:
continued on into the early twentieth century, but by
691:. Later, during the 1840s, a particularly spectacular
243:. These groups continued to inhabit this sea into the
16:
Paleontological research in the U.S. state of New York
1495:
Weishampel and Young (1996); "Noah's Flood", page 53.
1515:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1489:
755:
excavation at Gilboa Forest had completed. Prior to
1982:
1721:
456:were left behind to fossilize in what would become
432:the geologic forces responsible for the breakup of
1586:
1585:Garcia; Frank A. Garcia; Donald S. Miller (1998).
56:. However, a gap in this record spans most of the
1543:"Paleontology | the New York State Museum"
1349:Field guide to the Devonian fossils of New York
1300:Field guide to the Devonian fossils of New York
115:the state was home to some of the oldest known
805:became New York State Paleontologist in 2015.
571:When large fossils bones and teeth were found
1699:
8:
1044:Penn Dixie Fossil Park & Nature Reserve
75:came to be inhabited by invertebrates like
2024:Science and technology in New York (state)
2014:Paleontology in the United States by state
1706:
1692:
1684:
1646:New York State Fossil - Eurypterus Remipes
1380:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1331:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
219:life, although some were preserved in the
1094:Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks
146:which later fossilized. The early to mid
1083:Museum of Long Island Natural Sciences,
215:. Little evidence remains of New York's
1229:
1373:
1324:
1613:Fossil Legends of the First Americans
7:
1615:. Princeton University Press. 2005.
1155:The New York Paleontological Society
1121:Paleontological Research Institution
726:plants regarded as one of the first
251:encroaching westward into an inland
95:. Local marine vertebrates included
2019:Natural history of New York (state)
499:wildlife is known to have included
1133:Pember Museum of Natural History,
1057:American Museum of Natural History
716:American Museum of Natural History
673:New York Lyceum of Natural History
14:
1715:Paleontology in the United States
722:, an extraordinary collection of
603:. They called the ancient giants
2009:Paleontology in New York (state)
1444:
1417:
1394:
1284:
1243:
1183:
1169:
1158:Buffalo Geological Society, Inc.
1655:. Accessed September 21, 2012.
1631:. Collier Books. p. 348.
1150:Notable clubs and associations
380:. It consisted of plants like
1:
1209:Paleontology in New Hampshire
1204:Paleontology in Massachusetts
158:, and home to creatures like
154:the state was worked over by
1397:; "New York", pages 211-212.
1219:Paleontology in Pennsylvania
1038:Miscellaneous Devonian Sites
677:New York Academy of Sciences
1593:. Stackpole Books. p.
1199:Paleontology in Connecticut
687:, publication began of the
282:Rocks deposited during the
130:are missing from the local
45:. New York has a very rich
2040:
1669:Geologic units in New York
1214:Paleontology in New Jersey
556:Indigenous interpretations
413:, and relatives of modern
274:more highly concentrated.
1066:Buffalo Museum of Science
956:Charles Doolittle Walcott
747:Excavation of the Gilboa
599:and others who spoke the
208:New York has a very rich
1346:Wilson, Karl A. (2014).
1297:Wilson, Karl A. (2014).
134:. Little is known about
31:Paleontology in New York
1653:The Paleontology Portal
1627:Murray, Marian (1974).
1447:; "New York", page 213.
1420:; "New York", page 212.
1287:; "New York", page 211.
1246:; "New York", page 210.
1191:New York (state) portal
1051:Natural history museums
844:Charles Emerson Beecher
657:Artist's reconstruction
1112:Niagara Science Museum
1085:Stony Brook University
695:specimen was found in
664:
575:out of a creek in the
568:
458:Nyack Beach State Park
331:phyllocarids, hyoliths
317:. Other life included
205:
52:, especially from the
27:
1674:Paleoportal: New York
1103:New York State Museum
1034:, Hudson River Valley
900:Othniel Charles Marsh
655:
563:
369:, and ostracoderms.
196:
22:
1075:Dinosaur Walk Museum
1020:Notable fossil sites
991:William King Gregory
886:William King Gregory
689:Annals of the Lyceum
671:organization of the
564:Life restoration of
23:The location of the
1589:Discovering Fossils
1177:Paleontology portal
1125:Museum of the Earth
1096:, The WILD Center,
872:Ulysses S. Grant IV
778:designation of the
675:(forerunner of the
648:Scientific research
327:snails (gastropods)
311:squid (cephalopods)
1530:Eurypterus Remipes
1032:Hyde Park Mastodon
787:Eurypterus remipes
681:Samuel L. Mitchill
665:
593:Algonquin Mohicans
569:
206:
178:Eurypterus remipes
105:lobe-finned fishes
28:
1996:
1995:
1611:Mayor, Adrienne.
1359:978-0-87710-506-0
1310:978-0-87710-506-0
1140:Vanderbilt Museum
1005:Stephen Jay Gould
890:Greenwich Village
864:on September 10,
858:Stephen Jay Gould
820:Truman H. Aldrich
601:Iroquois language
581:indigenous people
545:California tapirs
541:American mastodon
505:Short-faced bears
468:. Other kinds of
393:, two species of
25:state of New York
2031:
1990:Washington, D.C.
1984:Federal district
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1642:
1608:
1592:
1573:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1508:
1505:
1496:
1493:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1421:
1415:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1371:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1271:
1268:
1247:
1241:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
997:on December 29,
948:on December 28,
934:on February 18,
790:as the New York
749:petrified forest
732:Eospermatopteris
390:Eospermatopteris
363:crossopterygians
319:clams (bivalves)
181:is the New York
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1978:
1717:
1712:
1665:
1639:
1626:
1605:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1372:
1360:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1323:
1311:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1274:
1269:
1250:
1242:
1231:
1227:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1053:
1022:
977:J. C. McConnell
973:
906:on October 29,
826:on October 17,
816:
811:
737:Natural History
650:
632:. According to
558:
553:
482:
462:Rockland County
423:
397:that resembled
284:Devonian Period
280:
202:Middle Devonian
198:Paleogeographic
191:
35:paleontological
17:
12:
11:
5:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:South Carolina
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:North Carolina
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1663:External links
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1548:
1534:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1434:
1422:
1399:
1387:
1358:
1338:
1309:
1289:
1272:
1248:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1002:
988:
972:
969:
968:
967:
960:New York Mills
953:
939:
925:
914:Karl J. Niklas
911:
897:
883:
869:
855:
850:on October 9,
841:
831:
815:
812:
810:
807:
649:
646:
557:
554:
552:
549:
481:
478:
440:in the state.
422:
419:
407:creeping vines
374:Catskill Delta
279:
276:
190:
187:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:West Virginia
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:New Hampshire
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Massachusetts
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1638:9780020935506
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1621:0-691-11345-9
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1445:Murray (1974)
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:Murray (1974)
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Murray (1974)
1391:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:Murray (1974)
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:Murray (1974)
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1178:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Niagara Falls
1113:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:New York City
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
986:
982:
978:
975:
974:
970:
965:
962:on March 31,
961:
957:
954:
951:
947:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:New York City
929:
926:
923:
919:
915:
912:
909:
905:
901:
898:
895:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
867:
863:
859:
856:
853:
849:
845:
842:
839:
835:
832:
829:
825:
821:
818:
817:
813:
808:
806:
804:
799:
795:
793:
789:
788:
784:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:Gilboa Forest
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
662:
658:
654:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:Cotton Mather
631:
626:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Hudson Valley
574:
567:
566:M. americanum
562:
555:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:giant beavers
498:
494:
491:
487:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
466:Late Triassic
463:
459:
455:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Gilboa Forest
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:coastal plain
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:Late Cambrian
222:
218:
214:
211:
203:
199:
195:
188:
186:
184:
180:
179:
175:
172:
167:
165:
161:
160:giant beavers
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:Carboniferous
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Paleozoic era
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
21:
1929:South Dakota
1919:Rhode Island
1914:Pennsylvania
1894:North Dakota
1628:
1612:
1588:
1551:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1390:
1348:
1341:
1299:
1292:
1026:Hiscock Site
983:on July 25,
958:was born in
946:White Plains
944:was born in
942:Alfred Romer
930:was born in
916:was born in
902:was born in
888:was born in
876:Salem Center
874:was born in
860:was born in
846:was born in
836:was born in
822:was born in
800:
796:
792:state fossil
785:
783:sea scorpion
746:
735:
731:
709:
688:
666:
660:
630:Hudson River
617:
579:, the local
570:
565:
483:
451:
424:
399:ground pines
388:
371:
335:phyllocarids
281:
207:
183:state fossil
176:
174:sea scorpion
168:
142:left behind
121:
66:
30:
29:
1844:Mississippi
1759:Connecticut
1098:Tupper Lake
1089:Stony Brook
1040:, Statewide
1011:on May 20,
928:John Ostrom
892:on May 19,
878:on May 23,
768:eurypterids
697:shell marls
642:Maughkompos
509:giant bison
497:Pleistocene
464:during the
438:rift basins
403:club mosses
359:chimaeroids
355:arthrodires
323:eurypterids
288:brachiopods
233:brachiopods
217:Precambrian
132:rock record
101:chimaeroids
97:arthrodires
85:eurypterids
77:brachiopods
2003:Categories
1959:Washington
1879:New Mexico
1874:New Jersey
1749:California
1604:0811728005
1579:References
1144:Centerport
1015:at age 60.
1001:at age 94.
834:John Alroy
803:Lisa Amati
770:. Only 15
661:Eurypterus
521:Stag-moose
490:Quaternary
449:ichnogenus
445:footprints
415:horsetails
382:seed ferns
367:lungfishes
315:trilobites
245:Ordovician
241:trilobites
221:Adirondack
189:Prehistory
144:footprints
93:trilobites
60:and early
33:refers to
1969:Wisconsin
1934:Tennessee
1839:Minnesota
1814:Louisiana
1376:cite book
1368:890189703
1327:cite book
1319:890189703
1225:Footnotes
1135:Granville
1079:Riverhead
1046:, Hamburg
1009:Manhattan
995:Woodstock
918:Manhattan
764:jellyfish
638:Claverack
613:sturgeons
537:peccaries
453:Grallator
351:Conodonts
339:blastoids
307:bryozoans
261:mountains
229:Jellyfish
140:dinosaurs
111:. By the
89:jellyfish
81:conodonts
41:state of
1954:Virginia
1904:Oklahoma
1884:New York
1859:Nebraska
1849:Missouri
1834:Michigan
1824:Maryland
1809:Kentucky
1789:Illinois
1764:Delaware
1754:Colorado
1744:Arkansas
1163:See also
1007:died in
993:died in
979:died in
924:in 1948.
922:New York
904:Lockport
780:Silurian
761:Cambrian
724:Devonian
705:Asa Gray
701:Newburgh
693:mastodon
663:in life.
621:Delaware
609:Maushops
605:Weetucks
589:Abenakis
533:mammoths
493:glaciers
486:Cenozoic
480:Cenozoic
474:Jurassic
470:reptiles
442:Dinosaur
430:Triassic
426:Mesozoic
421:Mesozoic
395:lycopods
343:cystoids
303:crinoids
296:Tabulate
278:Devonian
268:Silurian
171:Silurian
164:mammoths
156:glaciers
148:Cenozoic
136:Mesozoic
113:Devonian
109:lungfish
62:Cenozoic
58:Mesozoic
54:Devonian
43:New York
1974:Wyoming
1949:Vermont
1854:Montana
1794:Indiana
1774:Georgia
1769:Florida
1739:Arizona
1729:Alabama
1070:Buffalo
1028:, Byron
981:Liberty
862:Bayside
848:Dunkirk
824:Palmyra
772:mammoth
728:forests
625:Mohican
597:Pequots
573:eroding
551:History
513:caribou
447:of the
436:formed
434:Pangaea
384:in the
347:sponges
255:from a
204:period.
152:Ice Age
128:Permian
117:forests
71:. This
1909:Oregon
1864:Nevada
1804:Kansas
1779:Hawaii
1734:Alaska
1722:States
1635:
1619:
1601:
1366:
1356:
1317:
1307:
1129:Ithaca
1107:Albany
971:Deaths
814:Births
809:People
585:giants
543:, and
529:horses
345:, and
313:, and
299:corals
292:Rugose
264:rising
239:, and
213:record
210:fossil
107:, and
91:, and
50:record
47:fossil
1939:Texas
1819:Maine
1784:Idaho
699:near
683:. In
679:) by
525:foxes
411:ferns
386:genus
257:chain
237:clams
1944:Utah
1899:Ohio
1799:Iowa
1633:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1382:link
1364:OCLC
1354:ISBN
1333:link
1315:OCLC
1305:ISBN
1123:and
1013:2002
999:1970
985:1904
964:1850
950:1894
936:1928
908:1831
894:1876
880:1893
866:1941
852:1856
838:1966
828:1848
801:Dr.
776:1984
766:and
757:1933
753:1921
742:1897
714:the
712:1869
685:1823
669:1817
623:and
517:deer
401:and
294:and
272:salt
169:The
162:and
126:and
122:The
39:U.S.
1595:212
659:of
607:or
460:in
365:,
259:of
253:sea
73:sea
2005::
1597:.
1565:^
1532:".
1512:^
1500:^
1488:^
1437:^
1425:^
1402:^
1378:}}
1374:{{
1362:.
1329:}}
1325:{{
1313:.
1275:^
1251:^
1232:^
1142:,
1127:,
1114:,
1105:,
1087:,
1077:,
1068:,
1059:,
920:,
794:.
744:.
595:,
591:,
547:.
539:,
535:,
531:,
527:,
523:,
519:,
515:,
511:,
507:,
503:,
409:,
405:,
361:,
357:,
349:.
341:,
337:,
333:,
329:,
325:,
321:,
309:,
305:,
301:,
290:,
235:,
227:.
185:.
166:.
119:.
103:,
99:,
87:,
83:,
79:,
64:.
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
1641:.
1623:.
1607:.
1559:.
1545:.
1384:)
1370:.
1335:)
1321:.
987:.
966:.
952:.
938:.
910:.
896:.
882:.
868:.
854:.
840:.
830:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
