421:
459:
430:
146:
1652:
104:
128:
1646:
382:
Recent discoveries have extended the known geographical range of
Paleoparadoxia, with the oldest record from the northwest Pacific suggesting a much earlier presence in this region. This finding implies that Paleoparadoxia had a wider distribution and potentially different migratory patterns than
579:
Kumiko Matsui; Katsuo
Sashida; Sachiko Agematsu; Naoki Kohno (1 April 2017). "Habitat preferences of the enigmatic Miocene tethythere Desmostylus and Paleoparadoxia (Desmostylia; Mammalia) inferred from the depositional depth of fossil occurrences in the Northwestern Pacific realm".
390:
vary, with the
Tsuyama specimen measuring 215 cm (7.05 ft) in length, 80 cm (2.6 ft) in height, and 582 kg (1,283 lb) in body mass, and the other specimens measuring 1,048 kg (2,310 lb) and 3.2 metric tons (3.5 short tons) in body mass.
542:
775:
Hayashi, Shoji; Houssaye, Alexandra; Nakajima, Yasuhisa; Chiba, Kentaro; Ando, Tatsuro; Sawamura, Hiroshi; Inuzuka, Norihisa; Kaneko, Naotomo; Osaki, Tomohiro (2013).
675:"OPINION 2232 (Case 3384) Cornwallius tabatai Tokunaga, 1939 (currently Paleoparadoxia tabatai; Mammalia, Desmostylia): proposed designation of a neotype not accepted"
1750:
379:, spending most of their lives walking across the sea bottom like marine hippos. Studies on its habitat preference show that it favoured deep, offshore waters.
930:
625:"The Oldest Record of Paleoparadoxia from the Northwest Pacific with an Implication on the Early Evolution of Paleoparadoxiinae (Mammalia: Desmostylia)"
674:
1819:
1737:
1839:
661:
Inuzuka, N. (1996). Body size and mass estimates of desmostylians(Mammalia). The
Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 102(9), 816β819.
1844:
1834:
115:
546:
1829:
1824:
923:
850:
738:
Domning, D. P.; Barnes, L. G. (2007). "A new name for the 'Stanford
Skeleton' of Paleoparadoxia (Mammalia, Desmostylia)".
145:
1581:
916:
371:
bucket. Its bulky body was well adapted for swimming and underwater foraging. Originally interpreted as amphibious,
1854:
1651:
1849:
1346:
1610:
523:
751:
701:
Clark, J. M. (1991). "A new early
Miocene species of Paleoparadoxia (Mammalia: Desmostylia) from California".
505:
1859:
420:
1814:
1667:
1776:
529:
511:
1302:
1267:
1463:
1724:
788:
710:
589:
777:"Bone Inner Structure Suggests Increasing Aquatic Adaptations in Desmostylia (Mammalia, Afrotheria)"
1705:
1237:
464:
1645:
1521:
1494:
1179:
1106:
990:
939:
763:
405:
140:
1281:
429:
1781:
1223:
1096:
1066:
1763:
1755:
1392:
1309:
877:
856:
846:
816:
755:
726:
644:
605:
213:
1791:
1768:
828:
Inuzuka, Norihisa (2005). "The
Stanford Skeleton of Paleoparadoxia (Mammalia: Desmostylia)".
1505:
895:. Vol. 1. Sendai (Japan): Tohoku Imperial University, Inst. Geol. Pal. pp. 289β299
806:
796:
747:
718:
636:
597:
325:
1541:
1532:
1214:
383:
previously understood, hinting at a complex early evolution within the
Desmostylia order.
337:
329:
792:
714:
593:
103:
1514:
1456:
811:
776:
127:
1808:
1426:
1288:
1258:
61:
767:
1555:
1481:
1415:
1339:
1274:
1126:
1056:
1017:
722:
375:
is now thought to have been a fully marine mammal like their living relatives, the
241:
889:
Tokunaga, Shigeyasu (1939). "A new fossil mammal belonging to the
Desmostylidae".
890:
801:
601:
1699:
1570:
1449:
1442:
1382:
1369:
1320:
1244:
1230:
1170:
1146:
1076:
969:
486:
480:
298:
200:
36:
1690:
1548:
1435:
1353:
1329:
1200:
1156:
1136:
1116:
1086:
1007:
975:
759:
730:
624:
473:
454:
81:
46:
648:
609:
1295:
1193:
1186:
860:
376:
360:
157:
86:
1716:
881:
820:
1684:
1587:
957:
892:
Jubilee publication commemorating Prof. H. Yabe, M.I.A. sixtieth birthday
868:
Reinhart, Roy
Herbert (1959). "A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia".
662:
177:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1742:
1620:
1599:
1401:
1027:
368:
356:
315:
310:
306:
91:
66:
640:
1616:
963:
951:
908:
341:
333:
302:
187:
167:
1661:
1039:
321:
294:
119:
1729:
442:
1665:
912:
364:
870:
University of California Publications in Geological Sciences
567:
752:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[748:annfts]2.0.co;2
1478:
1379:
1335:
1255:
1211:
1167:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1023:
1013:
1003:
1674:
1598:
1569:
1531:
1504:
1477:
1425:
1391:
1378:
1367:
1319:
1254:
1210:
1166:
1037:
988:
582:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
623:Matsui, Kumiko; Kawabe, Soichiro (July 2015).
924:
830:Bulletin of the Ashoro Museum of Paleontology
8:
441:skull cast of a specimen from Japan, at the
1662:
1486:
1388:
1375:
1045:
996:
985:
931:
917:
909:
126:
102:
20:
810:
800:
402:
394:
278:
233:
498:
269:
663:https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.102.816
367:and the angle of the teeth resemble a
116:National Museum of Nature and Science
7:
355:is thought to have fed primarily on
843:The Origin and Evolution of Mammals
740:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
703:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
1820:Miocene mammals of North America
1650:
1644:
457:
428:
419:
320:). It ranged from the waters of
144:
723:10.1080/02724634.1991.10011417
1:
1840:Fossil taxa described in 1959
545:. Sirenia.org. Archived from
1845:Prehistoric placental genera
1835:Fossils of the United States
802:10.1371/journal.pone.0059146
602:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.005
305:that inhabited the northern
845:. Oxford University Press.
1876:
336:in the north, and down to
309:coastal region during the
1830:Miocene genus extinctions
1641:
1489:
1048:
999:
984:
946:
293:("ancient paradox") is a
263:
258:
247:
240:
141:Scientific classification
139:
134:
125:
110:
101:
23:
16:Extinct family of mammals
629:Paleontological Research
1825:Miocene mammals of Asia
532:. Retrieved March 2013.
514:. Retrieved March 2013.
543:"Yoshiwara, Shigeyasu"
251:Paleoparadoxia tabatai
112:Paleoparadoxia tabatai
1777:Paleobiology Database
841:Kemp, Tom S. (2005).
530:Paleobiology Database
512:Paleobiology Database
525:Paleoparadoxia media
793:2013PLoSO...859146H
715:1991JVPal..11..490C
594:2017PPP...471..254M
568:Hayashi et al. 2013
549:on October 13, 2018
465:Paleontology portal
408:it as a species of
991:Paenungulatomorpha
940:Paenungulatomorpha
386:Size estimates of
316:20 to 10
1855:Fossils of Mexico
1802:
1801:
1764:Open Tree of Life
1668:Taxon identifiers
1659:
1658:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1565:
1564:
1473:
1472:
1393:Paleoparadoxiidae
1363:
1362:
1303:Postschizotherium
1268:Hengduanshanhyrax
641:10.2517/2015PR007
318:million years ago
286:
285:
281:
272:
236:
214:Paleoparadoxiidae
1867:
1850:Fossils of Japan
1795:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1663:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1506:Arsinoitheriidae
1487:
1480:
1464:Ounalashkastylus
1389:
1381:
1376:
1337:
1257:
1213:
1169:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1046:
1025:
1015:
1005:
997:
986:
933:
926:
919:
910:
904:
902:
900:
885:
864:
837:
824:
814:
804:
771:
734:
687:
686:
684:
682:
671:
665:
659:
653:
652:
620:
614:
613:
588:(471): 254β265.
576:
570:
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
539:
533:
521:
515:
503:
467:
462:
461:
460:
432:
423:
397:named the genus
319:
277:
268:
232:
225:
212:
199:
149:
148:
130:
114:skeleton in the
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1670:
1660:
1655:
1643:
1627:
1594:
1561:
1542:Crivadiatherium
1533:Palaeoamasiidae
1527:
1500:
1469:
1421:
1372:
1359:
1315:
1250:
1215:Titanohyracidae
1206:
1162:
1042:
1033:
993:
980:
942:
937:
907:
898:
896:
888:
867:
853:
840:
827:
774:
737:
700:
696:
691:
690:
680:
678:
673:
672:
668:
660:
656:
622:
621:
617:
578:
577:
573:
566:
562:
552:
550:
541:
540:
536:
522:
518:
504:
500:
495:
463:
458:
456:
453:
448:
447:
446:
445:
435:
434:
433:
425:
424:
350:
338:Baja California
314:
273:
254:
231:
223:
210:
197:
143:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1860:Neogene Alaska
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1773:
1760:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1711:
1706:Paleoparadoxia
1696:
1680:
1678:
1676:Paleoparadoxia
1672:
1671:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1515:Arsinoitherium
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1457:Kronokotherium
1453:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1409:Paleoparadoxia
1405:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1333:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1000:
994:
989:
982:
981:
979:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
947:
944:
943:
938:
936:
935:
928:
921:
913:
906:
905:
886:
865:
851:
838:
825:
772:
746:(3): 748β751.
735:
709:(4): 490β508.
697:
695:
692:
689:
688:
666:
654:
635:(3): 251β265.
615:
571:
560:
534:
516:
507:Paleoparadoxia
497:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
484:
477:
469:
468:
452:
449:
437:
436:
427:
426:
418:
417:
416:
415:
414:
410:Paleoparadoxia
373:Paleoparadoxia
353:Paleoparadoxia
349:
346:
290:Paleoparadoxia
284:
283:
261:
260:
256:
255:
245:
244:
238:
237:
228:Paleoparadoxia
221:
217:
216:
208:
204:
203:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
132:
131:
123:
122:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
25:Paleoparadoxia
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1872:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Desmostylians
1813:
1812:
1810:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1427:Desmostylidae
1424:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1289:Parapliohyrax
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1259:Pliohyracidae
1253:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1238:Rupestrohyrax
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
987:
983:
977:
973:
971:
967:
965:
961:
959:
955:
953:
949:
948:
945:
941:
934:
929:
927:
922:
920:
915:
914:
911:
894:
893:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
826:
822:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
794:
790:
787:(4): e59146.
786:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
698:
693:
676:
670:
667:
664:
658:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
572:
569:
564:
561:
548:
544:
538:
535:
531:
527:
526:
520:
517:
513:
509:
508:
502:
499:
492:
488:
485:
483:
482:
478:
476:
475:
471:
470:
466:
455:
450:
444:
440:
431:
422:
413:
411:
407:
404:
403:Reinhart 1959
400:
396:
395:Tokunaga 1939
392:
389:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
282:
280:
279:Tokunaga 1939
276:
271:
267:
262:
257:
253:
252:
246:
243:
239:
235:
234:Reinhart 1959
230:
229:
222:
219:
218:
215:
209:
206:
205:
202:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
133:
129:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1675:
1556:Palaeoamasia
1554:
1547:
1540:
1520:
1513:
1493:
1482:Embrithopoda
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1416:Neoparadoxia
1414:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1352:
1345:
1340:Gigantohyrax
1338:
1328:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1275:Kvabebihyrax
1273:
1266:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1127:Saghatherium
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1057:Dimaitherium
1055:
1026:
1018:Hadrogeneios
1016:
1006:
974:Superorder:
968:Infraclass:
897:. Retrieved
891:
876:(1): 1β146.
873:
869:
842:
833:
829:
784:
780:
743:
739:
706:
702:
694:Bibliography
679:. Retrieved
669:
657:
632:
628:
618:
585:
581:
574:
563:
551:. Retrieved
547:the original
537:
524:
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438:
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381:
372:
352:
351:
289:
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287:
274:
270:Inuzuka 2005
265:
264:
250:
249:
242:Type species
227:
226:
135:Restoration
111:
24:
18:
1700:Wikispecies
1582:Proboscidea
1571:Proboscidea
1522:Namatherium
1495:Stylolophus
1450:Desmostylus
1443:Cornwallius
1383:Desmostylia
1370:Tethytheria
1347:Heterohyrax
1330:Dendrohyrax
1321:Procaviidae
1245:Titanohyrax
1231:Antilohyrax
1180:Brachyhyrax
1171:Geniohyidae
1147:Selenohyrax
1107:Regubahyrax
1077:Megalohyrax
970:Placentalia
487:Tethytheria
481:Desmostylus
406:synonymized
399:Cornwallius
361:sea grasses
348:Description
299:herbivorous
201:Desmostylia
1809:Categories
1549:Hypsamasia
1436:Behemotops
1282:Meroehyrax
1201:Pachyhyrax
1157:Thyrohyrax
1137:Seggeurius
1117:Rukwalorax
1087:Microhyrax
1040:Hyracoidea
1008:Abdounodus
976:Afrotheria
852:0198507615
760:4630515072
731:4908959659
493:References
474:Behemotops
439:P. tabatai
388:P. tabatai
297:of large,
275:P. tabatai
1615:includes
1588:elephants
1586:includes
1296:Pliohyrax
1224:Afrohyrax
1194:Geniohyus
1187:Bunohyrax
1097:Namahyrax
1067:Helioseus
950:Kingdom:
649:1342-8144
610:0031-0182
377:sirenians
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
1714:BioLib:
1691:Q2520589
1685:Wikidata
1621:manatees
1354:Procavia
1310:Prohyrax
964:Mammalia
958:Chordata
956:Phylum:
952:Animalia
899:11 March
861:56652579
836:: 3β110.
821:23565143
781:PLOS ONE
768:86342777
681:11 March
553:11 March
451:See also
357:seaweeds
330:Yanagawa
301:aquatic
266:P. media
259:Species
207:Family:
188:Mammalia
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
1792:6677524
1769:3616989
1756:1064206
1743:4831530
1730:4526581
1717:1146737
1617:dugongs
1611:Sirenia
1600:Sirenia
1402:Ashoroa
1028:Ocepeia
962:Class:
882:3474601
812:3615000
789:Bibcode
711:Bibcode
590:Bibcode
528:in the
510:in the
369:backhoe
326:Tsuyama
313:epoch (
311:Miocene
307:Pacific
303:mammals
220:Genus:
194:Order:
184:Class:
32:Miocene
1789:uBio:
880:
859:
849:
819:
809:
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758:
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677:. ICZN
647:
608:
363:. The
342:Mexico
334:Alaska
332:), to
1782:36959
1751:IRMNG
764:S2CID
322:Japan
295:genus
120:Tokyo
1738:GBIF
1619:and
1609:see
1580:see
901:2013
878:OCLC
857:OCLC
847:ISBN
817:PMID
756:OCLC
727:OCLC
683:2013
645:ISSN
606:ISSN
555:2013
443:AMNH
401:but
365:jaws
359:and
328:and
37:Preκ
1725:EoL
807:PMC
797:doi
748:doi
719:doi
637:doi
598:doi
586:471
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627:.
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596:.
584:.
412:.
344:.
340:,
118:,
87:Pg
1479:β
1385:?
1380:β
1336:β
1256:β
1212:β
1168:β
1153:β
1143:β
1133:β
1123:β
1113:β
1103:β
1093:β
1083:β
1073:β
1063:β
1053:β
1024:β
1014:β
1004:β
932:e
925:t
918:v
903:.
884:.
863:.
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799::
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600::
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557:.
324:(
248:β
224:β
211:β
198:β
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:κ
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