364:'We prepared for the IDF's entry into the city, and our departure. It was September 1982. The PLO organization was enormous and we weren't able to take anything. A day before the IDF's entry into the city, when it was known that the first Israeli soldiers had entered the adjacent street, I arrived at the Center at night and took important materials – mainly manuscripts – memories of Palestinian figures I didn't want lost, political reports and assessments. They remained with me, out of the reach of Israel's soldiers…that's the real archive. Not what the IDF took. I put the material into two suitcases and kept them in a secure place.' (
141:
This operation was part of a broader strategy of gathering documents from all PLO offices the IDF raided in
Lebanon. On 15 September the contents of its library and microfilm collections were loaded onto three trucks and, carted away, crated and shipped to Israel. One Israeli soldier engaged in trucking away the archive, noticing a blackboard in a room with Hebrew writing on it, left a message by chalking "You're screwed!" on it. Many documents were selectively used by Israel to construct a narrative that cast Palestinians as terrorists and the IDF invasion as one that liberated Lebanon.
184:. In the Palestinian reading of Jewish tradition, this document was taken as proof that the rabbinical authorities admitted that Jews were not a nation but citizens of the states where they belonged, and thus Judaism itself was a religion, not a project for nation-building or territorial repossession of the Holy Land. By this time however Reform Judaism had officially disavowed the statement because of its implicit anti-Zionism, and had replaced it with the
497:'The challenge for researchers of colonial archives..is therefore.. to decipher the distorted history manufactured by the colonizer..Palestinian archives and images were systematically and deliberately plundered/looted by Jewish/Israeli military entities or by civilians who had internalized the codes of power, and deposited in official Israeli archives. Subsequently, Israel becomes a central source of information about the Palestinians.' (
378:
There were two trucks standing outside. The army forbade me to take photographs, but after much arguing it was agreed I could photograph the soldiers from the rear. I photographed the human chain but again the army intervened and that particular photograph was censored. They never returned it to me. They only allowed me to publish the image that I gave you, where you can't identify the soldiers or the actual plundering." (
440:'In spite of conditions in Beirut, the PLO's Palestine Research Center and the unaffiliated Institute for Palestine Studies produced some significant research until Israel's 1982 invasion disrupted their functioning, and indeed much Palestinian intellectual production. The Center's historical archives were seized by occupying Israeli forces, but were returned as part of the November 1983 prisoner exchange with the PLO.' (
145:
to the PLO exodus, it became the sole remaining PLO institution in
Lebanon. The material lost was estimated at $ 1.5 million, but most of the manuscripts were irreplaceable. Jiryis accused Israel of 'plunder(ing) our Palestinian cultural heritage.' Jiryis quickly set about reordering books – his file cards for Hebrew publications alone were 10 inches high – in order to rebuild the lost collection.
467:'Once again the archive's creator and captor are at odds. In this case, however, the creator has metamorphosed into the captor, the revolution has metamorphosed into the state, and the Research Center's archive was lost. A consequence of the loss is the inability to tell stories using its sources. Such stories could be of the PLO as a rogue actor, a resistance movement, or a precursor to a state.' (
137:
invasion got underway, the PRC was targeted in two earlier car bombings, in July and August 1982. On July 13, a car positioned in a parking lot adjacent to the Center exploded, but caused only minor damage. On 18 August, P.L.O. officers detected another car packed with explosives parked in front, and managed to evacuate people from the vicinity before it exploded and wounded 4 people.
301:
conceal and thereby exercise control over
Palestinian representations of their historical experience. She further argues that there is a double standard in Israeli society regarding heritage: a consensus exists that valued properties seized in WW2 must be returned to their Jewish owners, but this ethical code is not applied to Palestinian treasures which Israel has seized as booty.
77:(The Palestinian Documents) from 1971 onwards. By 1982 it had managed to build a substantial library of some 25,000 volumes in English, Arabic and Hebrew, together with a microfilm collection, forming a repository of Palestinian archives, what the center's director stated was perhaps 'the world's largest collections of manuscripts on the question of Palestine.' Courses in
510:'Israeli society lives by a dichotomous code of ethics. On the one hand, there is consensus on returning treasures seized by the Nazis to their Jewish owners, and the subject is rarely off the public agenda. On the other hand, this ethical code is not applied regarding the question of the restitution of Palestinian treasures that have been taken as booty by Israel.' (
351:'s assassination, a parcel bomb exploded in Sayigh's hands. His finger had to be amputated and he suffered from hearing impairment. In late 1974, the center was hit with rockets which caused severe material damage. Submitted his resignation from the research center in February 1976 where it was turned down until March of the following year.' (
264:
neglect. According to
Sleiman, the new archive established by the Palestinian National Authority, lacking the reincorporation of the Liberation Movement's archive of the PLO's early days, will memorialize the records of the Palestinian people as those of the nascent state, and not the experience of its earlier revolutionary years.
206:
After the extensive raiding of PLO offices and institutions in 1982 and the confiscating of documents, researchers scoured the sites to retrieve whatever material had been missed and, once collected, the material was deposited on one floor of the building, at the
Planning Center office. All of these
377:
Interviewed, the
Israeli photo journalist Shlomo Arad stated: "I arrived in the late morning; the weather was good, September – still summer. A chain of soldiers, a slight distance from one another, were passing crates taken from the archive from hand to hand, until they were loaded onto the trucks.
144:
A further set of at least 120 films and documentaries was collected in Beirut and confiscated but the 'PLO archives' from which the materials had been looted has not been identified. The collection is now housed in Tel Aviv and is difficult to access. On the departure of the
Israelis, and subsequent
55:
The
Palestine Research Center was established in 1965, just one year after the PLO itself, as both a research and educational institution. The decision to found it was taken on 28 February of that year by the PLO executive committee, and its first director was Fayiz Sayigh. It occupied 6 floors of a
196:
The impact of the explosion of the 150 kilograms of TNT was huge, rattling windows and shaking buildings throughout West Beirut, while engulfing pedestrians, drivers and shoppers who happened to be in the vicinity when the bomb went off at 2 p.m. The car bomb gutted the entire building housing
140:
In
September it was then occupied by Israeli soldiers for a week, and then was subsequently ransacked: filing cabinets, desks and other furniture were smashed, a strong box was rifled to take its contents, and telephones, heaters, electric fans, a printing press and other fixtures were also stolen.
263:
in
Algiers – the boxes were left in this final location and remain to this day, apparently, in Algeria. Whether it has remained intact or not, given poor storage and extremities of rain, heat and rats, is unknown. One report states that it has been destroyed by a combination of these effects, and
453:
The resolution 'called upon the Government of Israel "to make full restitution, through the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, of all cultural properties belonging to Palestinian institutions, including the archives and documents removed from the Palestine Research
426:
Jiryis stated that, aside from the books, 3,000 alone regarding 'the Zionist entity' the documents collected held no secrets:'the documents do not contain any secrets pertaining either to the activities of the PLO or to the activities of friendly or adversary forces. They simply include valuable
267:
Jiryis set out to rebuild the collection from the damage sustained. After Israel restored the looted materials, the building was again bombed by Lebanese groups, killing or wounding several staff members, and damaging the structure. Negotiations with states in the area to relocate failed, so the
300:
Antoon de Baetz classifies Israel's confiscation or destruction of Palestinian documents as an example of the censorship of historical thought practiced by many nations. The Israeli scholar Rona Sela views these incidents as part of an ongoing policy or practice since the 1930s to appropriate,
215:
The material taken, according to the director of the Research Center, related to historical information on Arab families and villages in pre-1948 Palestine. Israeli officials argued that the PLC was more an intelligence gathering organization than an academic center, and that the data could be
197:
the Center, killing Jiryis's wife Hanneh Shahin, who had dropped in for a visit just before its weekend closing. 3 people who were caught in its elevator at the time died of asphyxiation from smoke inhalation after being trapped inside. The concierge and a telephone operator were also killed.
136:
prepared to enter Beirut. Jiryis, anticipating the risk of seizure, had the Center's collection of rare and highly valuable documents, and all files pertaining to sensitive information, such as personnel files, packed away in two suitcasesand later shipped out to safety from Lebanon. When the
60:
district of Western Beirut, and was accorded diplomatic protection by the Lebanese government. The purpose was to gather materials, books, articles and publications bearing on Palestinian history, society culture and politics – both Israeli and Palestinian. It also published a
220:, the restitution of the expropriated archives. On 24 November 1983 6 Israeli and 5,000 POWs were exchanged together with what Israel stated was the PLO archive. Israel had copied the archive, after which it was recrated in 100 boxes and dispatched, under the auspices of the
347:, Sayigh had been 'the target of several assaults by Israeli intelligence while he headed the research center. The center was also subject to these Israeli attacks during this period as it suffered a bomb explosion in 1971. In 1972, and after several months had passed since
161:"We consider ourselves no longer a nation, but a religious community and therefore expect neither a return to Palestine, nor a sacrificial worship under the sons of Aaron, nor the restoration of any of the laws concerning the Jewish state".
203:, the PLO diplomatic representative, had a temporary office in the building after the Lebanese Army closed the P.L.O.'s Beirut mission in September. He survived by happening to be home at the time of the explosion.
224:
to Algeria. Since Israel had also stolen the PRC's inventory of its holdings, it proved impossible to verify whether the total contents of the center had been handed back or not. Rona Sela, through the offices of
412:
In an interview later, Jirsis stated that it was rather childish for Israel to loot and confiscate the Center's collection of books that had been published in Israel and were readily available in bookshops there
276:, pending negotiations with the Egyptian government aiming to receive permission to rebuild the center in Cairo. Jiryis continued to operate the center in Nicosia until his return to his native village of
96:
in 1964, replaced his brother Fayiz as director in 1966, a position he held until 1977. He submitted his resignation in 1976, but stayed on to direct the institute for another year until his successor,
296:
to document the Arab history of Palestine, had been housed. Thus Jiryis's attempts to document Palestinian history were subject to two confiscations, in Beirut and, two decades later, in East Jerusalem.
1457:
84:
At its peak, at least 40 researchers were employed, who produced, mainly in Arabic but also in French and English, over 300 publications. The researchers were supported by a further 40 personnel.
317:'the Center quickly gained the blessing of the Lebanese government, which granted it the status of a diplomatic body and provided it the immunities offered to foreign diplomatic delegations.' (
216:
exploited to plan terrorist raids into Israel. As negotiations got underway, the PLO, at Jiryis's insistence that the archive be treated as a prisoner of war, included as a condition for a
1497:
40:
1034:
980:
1140:
1507:
1492:
229:
managed in 2008 to obtain a confirmation from the IDF that many of the spoils seized in Beirut at that period still remained in the IDF archives in Tel Aviv.
217:
31:
in 1965 to gather, conserve and analyse books and materials relating to Palestine, its culture and modern history, and to the political struggles of the
1439:
427:
collections of old British, Ottoman, Israeli and Arab documents pertaining to the Arab-Israeli conflict dating from the last several decades.' (
1299:
1288:
1023:
1158:
1502:
236:, with 121 votes in favour, 1 against, and 20 abstentions, condemned Israel for having seized and removed the archives and documents.
1260:
1052:
284:
but those archives too were again confiscated when Israeli police raided and in August 2001 closed down the PLO's headquarters in
1421:
1163:
233:
1466:
1150:
484:. Since the area suffers from extreme climate changes, the material is therefore under the risk of physical devastation.' (
1319:
181:
118:
1351:
1205:
1071:
1102:
180:
The words in the Pittsburgh Platform were adopted almost verbatim in the foundational document of the PLO, namely the
247:
base in the Algerian desert close to the border with Tunisia. This third shift was dictated by precautions after the
1015:
1453:
106:
221:
153:
The PLO's Beirut Research center was particularly fascinated by a statement drawn up in 1885 by a group of
259:
on 1 October 1985. Due to internal squabbles among the PLO leaders, -Arafat wanted it relocated in Cairo,
93:
101:
appointed that year, could relieve him. Jiryis, a Hebrew-speaking Palestinian with a degree in law from
44:
1242:
1100:
Gribetz, Jonathan Marc (Winter 2017). "The PLO's Rabbi: Palestinian Nationalism and Reform Judaism".
248:
170:
89:
1247:
1039:
166:
1444:
1426:
1401:
1368:
1222:
1188:
1180:
1145:
1127:
1119:
1088:
1057:
293:
126:
32:
1284:
1256:
1019:
1009:
185:
114:
102:
1274:
1435:
1417:
1393:
1382:"The Genealogy of Colonial Plunder and Erasure – Israel's Control over Palestinian Archives"
1360:
1328:
1214:
1172:
1111:
1080:
348:
133:
1048:
396:
252:
239:
The Algerian military transported the consignment firstly to al-Kharruba, and then to the
110:
78:
1346:
1234:
1069:(Spring 1994). "Archaeology as Cultural Survival: The Future of the Palestinian Past".
281:
200:
154:
1486:
1405:
1381:
1276:
The Palestine Nakba: Decolonising History, Narrating the Subaltern, Reclaiming Memory
1192:
1131:
226:
122:
57:
1409:
1364:
1218:
1200:
1066:
481:
285:
98:
1397:
1314:
1270:
1238:
280:
in northern Israel in 1992, He endeavoured to re-establish a Research Center in
85:
35:. It suffered damage from several attacks before a car bomb placed by an Israel
1176:
240:
1161:(1 October 1972). "Foreign Research Report: Research Facilities in Lebanon".
105:, had left Israel in 1970 after being subjected to two successive periods of
1280:
999:
981:"Why are countless Palestinian photos and films buried in Israeli archives?"
344:
244:
62:
36:
1237:(1988). "Palestinian Peasant Resistance to Zionism Before World War I". In
232:
A month after the exchange, on 19 December, Resolution 38/180B of the 38th
1115:
994:
109:. In the period of transition, the center was run by the Palestinian poet
260:
1184:
1123:
1372:
1337:
1304:
1226:
1092:
985:
277:
269:
256:
174:
1248:
Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question
1440:"Palestinians and Israelis Welcome their Prisoners Freed in Exchange"
273:
28:
1332:
1084:
1252:
1203:; Qallab, Salah (Summer 1985). "The Palestine Research Center".
760:
758:
756:
1300:"Meir Dagan's Most Daring War Was the One He Helped Prevent"
88:, a Lebanese Palestinian who had obtained a doctorate from
1011:
Censorship of Historical Thought: A World Guide, 1945-2000
919:
917:
1053:"18 die in bombings at P.L.O.'s Center in Western Beirut"
480:'the (East Jerusalem) archive was moved to containers in
56:
7-storey building on Colombani Street in the residential
934:
932:
856:
854:
852:
454:
Centre and arbitrarily seized by the Israeli forces".' (
1315:"The fall of the PLO's 'state within state' in Lebanon"
601:
599:
243:
military base. The final destination proved to be the
791:
789:
787:
785:
616:
614:
121:, presided as chairman of institute's board while Dr.
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
113:(1977-1978). At the time its contents were plundered
682:
680:
678:
676:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
41:
Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners
1422:"6 Israelis Freed in Prisoner Pact with the P.L.O"
249:Israeli air force destroyed the PLO's headquarters
1141:"Israeli looted archives of P.L.O. officials say"
149:Research on Zionism and the Pittsburgh Platform
330:Rona Sela states that it had 80 researchers (
268:Center subsequently relocated provisorily to
43:destroyed the building in 1983. It was under
8:
1498:Educational institutions established in 1965
764:
735:
667:
428:
414:
72:
66:
1454:"The Situation of the Middle East A/39/533"
1035:"18 Die as Car Bomb Hits PLO Beirut Office"
1467:"The Paper Trail of a Liberation Movement"
995:"Anis Sayigh: A Profile from the Archives"
962:
723:
399:, published in 1983, as a case in point (
352:
1349:(Summer 1985). "The Prisoner Exchange".
1164:Middle East Studies Association Bulletin
1003:. Arab Studies Institute. 3 August 2014.
923:
896:
884:
533:
1508:Research institutes established in 1965
950:
938:
860:
843:
831:
819:
807:
747:
632:
605:
569:
557:
526:
468:
455:
441:
400:
318:
310:
207:files were destroyed in the explosion.
16:Institute established in Beirut in 1965
1493:Defunct organisations based in Lebanon
1033:Denton, Herbert H. (6 February 1983).
908:
872:
711:
655:
620:
686:
165:This declaration became known as the
7:
795:
776:
590:
545:
511:
498:
485:
379:
365:
331:
288:, on whose grounds, since 1983, the
1333:"The Rise and Fall of Orient House"
1139:Hijazi, Ihsan A. (1 October 1982).
218:prisoner exchange with the Israelis
169:, a formulation later developed by
134:second Israeli invasion of Lebanon
27:) was an institute established in
14:
1313:Rubin, Trudy (10 February 1983).
234:United Nations General Assembly
74:and Al-Watha’iq Al-Filastiniyya
1365:10.1525/jps.1985.14.4.00p0226g
1219:10.1525/jps.1985.14.4.00p0229j
1:
1465:Sleiman, Hana (Spring 2016).
1398:10.1080/10350330.2017.1291140
1320:The Christian Science Monitor
391:Sleiman instances the volume
182:Palestinian National Covenant
132:As Israeli troops during the
119:American University of Beirut
1352:Journal of Palestine Studies
1206:Journal of Palestine Studies
1072:Journal of Palestine Studies
979:Aderet, Ofer (1 July 2017).
1103:The Jewish Quarterly Review
73:
67:
1524:
1298:Oren, Amir (20 May 2016).
1016:Greenwood Publishing Group
125:, a visiting professor at
117:professor emeritus at the
1503:Palestinian organizations
1380:Sela, Rona (March 2018).
1177:10.1017/S002631840005361X
1008:de Baets, Antoon (2002).
395:by the Israeli historian
192:February 1983 car bombing
71:("Palestinian Affairs")
21:Palestine Research Center
765:Jiryis & Qallab 1985
736:Jiryis & Qallab 1985
668:Jiryis & Qallab 1985
429:Jiryis & Qallab 1985
415:Jiryis & Qallab 1985
107:administrative detention
222:International Red Cross
163:
94:Middle Eastern Studies
1438:(25 November 1983b).
1420:(24 November 1983a).
1243:Hitchens, Christopher
1116:10.1353/jqr.2017.0003
159:
155:Reform Judaism rabbis
45:diplomatic protection
37:proxy terrorist group
1471:Arab Studies Journal
1255:. pp. 207–233.
290:Arab Studies Society
173:in his critiques of
90:Cambridge University
68:Shu'un Filastiniyyah
1051:(6 February 1983).
1040:The Washington Post
953:, p. 95, n.14.
875:, pp. 176–180.
738:, pp. 186–187.
444:, p. 229, n.1)
167:Pittsburgh Platform
1445:The New York Times
1427:The New York Times
1331:(13 August 2001).
1159:Hudson, Michael C.
1146:The New York Times
1058:The New York Times
471:, pp. 60, 61)
294:Faisal al-Husseini
127:Harvard University
81:were also taught.
33:Palestinian people
1460:. 2 October 1984.
1436:Shipler, David K.
1418:Shipler, David K.
1329:Rubinstein, Danny
1290:978-1-848-13970-1
1025:978-0-313-31193-2
822:, pp. 91–93.
810:, pp. 90–91.
321:, pp. 94–95)
186:Columbus Platform
129:, was secretary.
115:Constantin Zureiq
103:Hebrew University
1515:
1478:
1461:
1449:
1431:
1413:
1386:Social Semiotics
1376:
1342:
1324:
1309:
1294:
1266:
1230:
1196:
1154:
1153:on 17 July 2014.
1149:. Archived from
1135:
1096:
1062:
1049:Friedman, Thomas
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349:Ghassan Kanafani
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1379:
1345:
1327:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1269:
1263:
1239:Said, Edward W.
1235:Khalidi, Rashid
1233:
1199:
1157:
1138:
1099:
1085:10.2307/2537961
1065:
1047:
1032:
1026:
1007:
993:
978:
974:
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963:Rubinstein 2001
961:
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417:, p. 186).
411:
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397:Raphael Israeli
390:
386:
376:
372:
363:
359:
342:
338:
334:, p. 204).
329:
325:
316:
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307:
253:Hammam al-Shatt
213:
194:
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111:Mahmoud Darwish
53:
17:
12:
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5:
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1392:(2): 201–229.
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1359:(4): 176–180.
1343:
1325:
1310:
1295:
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1267:
1261:
1231:
1213:(4): 185–187.
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975:
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943:
928:
926:, p. 301.
913:
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877:
865:
848:
836:
824:
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800:
798:, p. 205.
781:
779:, p. 219.
769:
767:, p. 186.
752:
740:
728:
724:Jadaliyya 2014
716:
691:
672:
670:, p. 185.
660:
637:
625:
610:
595:
593:, p. 204.
574:
562:
550:
538:
525:
523:
520:
517:
516:
514:, p. 224)
503:
501:, p. 206)
490:
488:, p. 207)
473:
460:
446:
433:
431:, p. 186)
419:
405:
403:, p. 48).
393:PLO in Lebanon
384:
382:, p. 220)
370:
368:, p. 219)
357:
353:Jadaliyya 2014
336:
323:
309:
308:
306:
303:
282:East Jerusalem
212:
209:
201:Shafiq al-Hout
193:
190:
150:
147:
52:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1353:
1348:
1347:Schiff, Ze'ev
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:0-86091-175-6
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:Jiryis, Sabri
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:(1): 90–112.
1109:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:Glock, Albert
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1006:
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1001:
996:
992:
988:
987:
982:
977:
976:
971:
964:
959:
956:
952:
947:
944:
941:, p. 51.
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:de Baets 2002
920:
918:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
897:Shipler 1983b
893:
890:
886:
885:Shipler 1983a
881:
878:
874:
869:
866:
863:, p. 50.
862:
857:
855:
853:
849:
846:, p. 49.
845:
840:
837:
834:, p. 97.
833:
828:
825:
821:
816:
813:
809:
804:
801:
797:
792:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
773:
770:
766:
761:
759:
757:
753:
750:, p. 28.
749:
744:
741:
737:
732:
729:
725:
720:
717:
713:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
661:
657:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
638:
635:, p. 48.
634:
629:
626:
623:, p. 24.
622:
617:
615:
611:
608:, p. 95.
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
575:
572:, p. 42.
571:
566:
563:
560:, p. 94.
559:
554:
551:
547:
542:
539:
535:
534:Friedman 1983
530:
527:
521:
513:
507:
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494:
491:
487:
483:
477:
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346:
343:According to
340:
337:
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327:
324:
320:
314:
311:
304:
302:
298:
295:
292:, founded by
291:
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279:
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237:
235:
230:
228:
227:Michael Sfard
223:
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124:
123:Walid Khalidi
120:
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100:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
75:
69:
64:
59:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1474:
1470:
1443:
1425:
1410:ResearchGate
1408:– via
1389:
1385:
1356:
1350:
1336:
1318:
1303:
1275:
1271:Masalha, Nur
1246:
1210:
1204:
1171:(3): 17–25.
1168:
1162:
1151:the original
1144:
1107:
1101:
1079:(3): 70–84.
1076:
1070:
1056:
1038:
1010:
998:
984:
958:
951:Gribetz 2017
946:
939:Sleiman 2016
904:
892:
880:
868:
861:Sleiman 2016
844:Sleiman 2016
839:
832:Gribetz 2017
827:
820:Gribetz 2017
815:
808:Gribetz 2017
803:
772:
748:Sleiman 2016
743:
731:
719:
663:
633:Sleiman 2016
628:
606:Gribetz 2017
570:Sleiman 2016
565:
558:Gribetz 2017
553:
541:
529:
506:
493:
482:Beit Shemesh
476:
469:Sleiman 2016
463:
456:Unispal 1984
449:
442:Khalidi 1988
436:
422:
408:
401:Sleiman 2016
392:
387:
373:
360:
339:
326:
319:Gribetz 2017
313:
299:
289:
286:Orient House
266:
238:
231:
214:
205:
199:
195:
179:
171:Elmer Berger
164:
160:
152:
143:
139:
131:
99:Sabri Jiryis
83:
54:
24:
20:
18:
1477:(1): 42–67.
909:Aderet 2017
873:Schiff 1985
712:Denton 1983
656:Hijazi 1982
621:Hudson 1972
86:Anis Sayigh
1487:Categories
687:Rubin 1983
1406:149369385
1281:Zed Books
1193:157634870
1132:152173707
1000:Jadaliyya
796:Sela 2018
777:Sela 2018
591:Sela 2018
546:Oren 2016
522:Citations
512:Sela 2018
499:Sela 2018
486:Sela 2018
380:Sela 2018
366:Sela 2018
345:Jadaliyya
332:Sela 2018
245:El Bayadh
211:Aftermath
157:. It ran
63:quarterly
1273:(2012).
1245:(eds.).
1185:23058381
1124:90000706
261:Abu Iyad
188:(1937).
1458:Unispal
1373:2537144
1338:Haaretz
1305:Haaretz
1227:2537147
1093:2537961
986:Haaretz
972:Sources
278:Fassuta
270:Nicosia
257:Tunisia
241:Tébessa
175:Zionism
51:History
1404:
1371:
1287:
1259:
1225:
1191:
1183:
1130:
1122:
1091:
1022:
274:Cyprus
79:Hebrew
39:, the
29:Beirut
1402:S2CID
1369:JSTOR
1253:Verso
1223:JSTOR
1189:S2CID
1181:JSTOR
1128:S2CID
1120:JSTOR
1089:JSTOR
305:Notes
58:Hamra
1285:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1020:ISBN
19:The
1394:doi
1361:doi
1215:doi
1173:doi
1112:doi
1108:107
1081:doi
251:in
92:in
25:PRC
1489::
1475:26
1473:.
1469:.
1456:.
1442:.
1424:.
1400:.
1390:28
1388:.
1384:.
1367:.
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1221:.
1211:14
1209:.
1187:.
1179:.
1167:.
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1126:.
1118:.
1106:.
1087:.
1077:23
1075:.
1055:.
1037:.
1018:.
1014:.
997:.
983:.
931:^
916:^
851:^
784:^
755:^
694:^
675:^
640:^
613:^
598:^
577:^
272:,
255:,
177:.
65:,
47:.
1448:.
1430:.
1412:.
1396::
1375:.
1363::
1341:.
1323:.
1308:.
1293:.
1265:.
1229:.
1217::
1195:.
1175::
1169:6
1134:.
1114::
1095:.
1083::
1061:.
1043:.
1028:.
989:.
965:.
911:.
899:.
887:.
726:.
714:.
689:.
658:.
548:.
536:.
458:)
413:(
355:)
23:(
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