109:, or medically induced hypothermic cardiac arrest, could improve Reynolds' chances of surviving surgical removal of the aneurysm. During this procedure, Reynolds' body temperature was lowered to 50 °F (10 °C), her breathing and heartbeat stopped, and the blood drained from her head. Her eyes were closed with tape and small ear plugs with speakers were placed in her ears. These speakers emitted audible clicks which were used to check the function of the brain stem to ensure that she had a flat
1331:
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205:
In his large study on near-death experiences, Professor Sam Parnia's group, The Human
Consciousness Project, in their AWARE-study identified one subject out of 101 cardiac arrest survivors, who "described details related to technical resuscitation equipment." None of the patients reported seeing the
200:
when she regained consciousness. This would provide some opportunity for her to associate and elaborate upon the sensations she had experienced during the operation with her existing knowledge and expectations. The fact that she described the small pneumatic saw used in the operation also does not
141:
At some point during the operation, she says she noticed a presence and was pulled towards a light. She says she began to discern figures in the light, including her grandmother, an uncle, other deceased relatives and people unknown to her. According to
Reynolds, the longer she was there, the more
195:
Woerlee, an anesthesiologist with many years of clinical experience, has considered this case in detail and remains unconvinced of the need for a paranormal explanation... draws attention to the fact that
Reynolds could only give a report of her experience some time after she recovered from the
129:
that seemed to pull her out of her body and allowed her to "float" above the operating room and watch the doctors perform the operation. Reynolds claims that during this time she felt "more aware than normal" and her vision was more focused and clearer than normal vision. She reported seeing the
105:. Because of the difficult position of the aneurysm, Reynolds was predicted to have no chance of surviving surgery for its removal. As a last resort, Robert F. Spetzler, a neurosurgeon of the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, decided that a rarely performed procedure, known as a
142:
she enjoyed it, but at some point she was reminded that she had to go back. She says her uncle brought her back to her body, but she did not want to go, so he pushed her in, and the sensation was like that of jumping into ice water.
113:(EEG)—indicating a non-responsive brain—before the operation proceeded. The operation was a success and Reynolds recovered completely. The total surgery lasted about seven hours with a few complications along the way.
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42:. Reynolds was under close medical monitoring during the entire operation. During part of the operation she had no brain-wave activity and no blood flowing in her brain, which rendered her
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768:
Woerlee G. M. (2011). "Could Pam
Reynolds Hear? A New Investigation into the Possibility of Hearing During this Famous Near-Death Experience".
649:
Tassell-Matamua, Natasha A. & Lindsay, Nicole (2016) “I’m not afraid to die”: the loss of the fear of death after a near-death experience,
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Anesthesiologist Gerald
Woerlee analyzed the case, and concluded that Reynolds' ability to perceive events during her surgery was a result of "
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Critics say that the amount of time during which
Reynolds was "flatlined" is generally misrepresented and suggest that her NDE occurred under
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Rice, DT, Nudell, NG, Habrat, DA, Smith, JE and Ernest, EV. CPR induced consciousness: sedation protocols for this special population.
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as a more prosaic and conventional explanation for such claims. Reynolds died from heart failure at the age of 53 on May 22, 2010, at
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57:, the case has been cited as well-documented and significant, with many proponents considering it to be evidence of the survival of
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impress
Woerlee. As he points out, the saw sounds like and, to some extent, looks like the pneumatic drills used by dentists.
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166:. According to Sabom, Reynolds' experience occurred during a period in which her brain had completely ceased to function.
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46:. She claimed to have made several observations during the procedure which medical personnel reported to be accurate.
134:, and this is in fact true. She said she could hear conversations between operating room staff, even though she had
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in her ears which were making a loud clicking noise many times per second in order to monitor her brain function.
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Lichfield, Gideon. The
Science of Near-Death Experiences. Empirically investigating brushes with the afterlife.
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Olvera-Lopeza, Edgardo & Varona, Joseph. Editorial: “AWAREness during CPR: Be careful with what you say!”
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Edward F. Kelly; Emily
Williams Kelly; Adam Crabtree; Alan Gauld; Michael Grosso; Bruce Greyson (2007).
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when the brain was still active, hours before
Reynolds underwent hypothermic cardiac arrest.
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Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy
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26:, was an American singer-songwriter. In 1991, at the age of 35, she stated that she had a
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757:. Part. 1. Background Considerations. Skeptic (British version), 18.1 (in press).
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Psychological Scientific Perspectives on Out-of-Body and Near-Death Experiences
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Pam Reynolds reported to her physician that she was experiencing symptoms of
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Robb, Alice. The Scientists Studying Life After Death Are Not Total Frauds.
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French, Chris (2005). "Near-Death Experiences in Cardiac Arrest Survivors".
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Light and Death: One Doctor's Fascinating Account of Near-Death Experiences
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BBC (Bristol) made a 1-hour documentary about the Pam Reynolds case titled
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Reynolds reported that during the operation she heard a sound like a '
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parts of her body. Her physician referred her to a neurologist, and a
764:. Part 2. An Explanation. Skeptic (British version), 18.2 (in press).
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591:
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The Boundaries of Consciousness: Neurobiology and Neuropathology
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after death. An anesthesiologist who examined the case offered
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507:"Does paranormal perception occur in near-death experiences?"
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Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
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Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century
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An Anaesthesiologist Examines the Pam Reynolds Story
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An Anaesthesiologist Examines the Pam Reynolds Story
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Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.023
368:"Pam Reynolds Lowery, noted for near-death episode"
289:"Pam Reynolds Lowery, noted for near-death episode"
484:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 509–510.
482:The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Spirituality
1288:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
653:, 21:1, 71-87, DOI: 10.1080/13576275.2015.1043252
1096:International Association for Near-Death Studies
392:"Decoding The Mystery Of Near-Death Experiences"
154:has been put forward as evidence supporting an
1157:International Institute for Psychical Research
421:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 392–393.
1187:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
796:
726:. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 187–203.
316:
314:
8:
1400:Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
1295:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
566:. Columbia University Press. pp. 371–.
30:(NDE) during a brain operation performed by
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130:surgical "saw" but said it looked like an
1172:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
97:later revealed that Reynolds had a large
1309:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
329:. Vol. 150. pp. 150: 351–367.
1071:American Society for Psychical Research
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206:test design with upward facing images.
282:
280:
586:Weintraub, Pamela. Seeing the light.
478:"Neuroimaging and Spiritual Practice"
7:
1342:
1086:Institut MĂ©tapsychique International
719:Near-Death Experiences and the Brain
603:Orlando, A. (2021). Death Defying.
187:, who served as editor in chief of
158:by proponents such as cardiologist
1147:British College of Psychic Science
14:
1316:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
1260:Journal of Scientific Exploration
264:The Boy Who Came Back From Heaven
1341:
1330:
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372:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
293:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
287:J.E. Geshwiler (May 28, 2010).
53:and among those who believe in
1177:Oxford Phasmatological Society
1167:Metropolitan Psychical Society
1121:Society for Psychical Research
945:Parapsychology research at SRI
455:. Zondervan. pp. 43, 49.
183:According to the psychologist
1:
1246:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1106:Parapsychological Association
955:Plant perception (paranormal)
770:Journal of Near-Death Studies
515:Journal of Near-Death Studies
335:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50025-6
36:Barrow Neurological Institute
16:Reported near dead experience
1142:American Psychical Institute
1101:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
1091:Institute of Noetic Sciences
522:(4): 203–236, pages 217–218.
480:. In Miller, Lisa J. (ed.).
196:anesthetic as she was still
22:(1956 – May 22, 2010), from
880:Electronic voice phenomenon
683:, retrieved January 9, 2023
640:, retrieved January 3, 2023
594:, retrieved January 3, 2023
101:in her brain, close to the
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1208:Skeptics of parapsychology
1162:London Dialectical Society
1081:College of Psychic Studies
535:"The Skeptic's Dictionary"
476:Beauregard, Mario (2012).
327:Progress in Brain Research
1385:1990s in Phoenix, Arizona
1325:
1253:Journal of Parapsychology
1203:List of parapsychologists
1111:Parapsychology Foundation
818:
664:British Paramedic Journal
67:Emory University Hospital
1302:The Roots of Coincidence
865:Dermo-optical perception
505:Keith Augustine (2007).
1232:Extrasensory Perception
1225:An Experiment with Time
1152:Cambridge Ghost Society
885:Extrasensory perception
835:Apparitional experience
760:Woerlee, G. M. (2005).
753:Woerlee, G. M. (2005).
716:French, Chris. (2009).
592:www.psychologytoday.com
77:Diagnosis and operation
1390:Near-death experiences
930:Out-of-body experience
590:, September 02, 2014,
560:Evan Thompson (2014).
533:Carroll, Robert Todd.
449:Michael Sabom (1998).
203:
111:electroencephalography
1135:Defunct organizations
1116:Rhine Research Center
920:Near-death experience
666:2016, vol. 1(2) 24–29
541:. Robert Todd Carroll
258:My Descent Into Death
256:, author of the book
193:
152:near-death experience
28:near-death experience
1064:Active organizations
950:Past life regression
236:90 Minutes in Heaven
178:anesthesia awareness
107:standstill operation
91:difficulty in moving
63:anesthesia awareness
49:Within the field of
1395:People from Atlanta
900:Kirlian photography
890:Ganzfeld experiment
722:. In Craig Murray.
681:www.theatlantic.com
638:www.newrepublic.com
636:, October 8, 2014,
299:on January 11, 2012
132:electric toothbrush
20:Pam Reynolds Lowery
860:Deathbed phenomena
248:Heaven is for Real
229:23 Minutes in Hell
210:In popular culture
171:general anesthesia
51:near-death studies
32:Robert F. Spetzler
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975:Psychic detective
935:Pam Reynolds case
840:Astral projection
732:978-1-60741-705-7
620:85 (2014) A5–A6,
573:978-0-231-53831-2
491:978-0-19-997864-9
428:978-0-7425-4792-6
366:Geshwiler, J. E.
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55:life after death
40:Phoenix, Arizona
24:Atlanta, Georgia
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297:the original
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254:Howard Storm
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185:Chris French
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1375:2010 deaths
1370:1956 births
1055:Zener cards
1035:Telekinesis
995:Pyrokinesis
990:Psychometry
960:Poltergeist
189:The Skeptic
117:Claimed NDE
1364:Categories
1050:Xenoglossy
940:Paranormal
915:Mediumship
905:Levitation
850:Bilocation
739:. (1998).
401:2021-05-26
377:2021-05-26
271:References
191:magazine:
150:Reynolds'
103:brain stem
1040:Telepathy
875:Ectoplasm
651:Mortality
198:intubated
156:afterlife
146:Reception
136:earphones
83:dizziness
1336:Category
605:Discover
353:16186035
222:See also
99:aneurysm
95:CAT scan
1348:Commons
970:Psychic
821:Outline
776:: 3–25.
545:22 June
434:29 July
396:NPR.org
303:July 7,
127:natural
34:at the
1196:People
895:Ghosts
828:Topics
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488:
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341:
845:Auras
510:(PDF)
745:ISBN
728:ISBN
699:IMDb
568:ISBN
547:2015
486:ISBN
457:ISBN
436:2013
423:ISBN
349:PMID
339:ISBN
305:2010
89:and
925:Orb
331:doi
180:".
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