Passing (racial identity) - Knowledge (XXG)

80: 308:. He wanted to create an independent writing life and rejected being classified as a black writer. In addition, he did not identify with northern urban black people, whose experiences had been much different from his as a child in New Orleans' Creole community. He married an American woman of European descent. His wife and many of his friends knew he was partly black in ancestry. His daughter Bliss Broyard did not find out until after her father's death. In 2007, she published a memoir that traced her exploration of her father's life and family mysteries entitled 157:, passing as white was a means of escaping slavery. Once they left the plantation, escaped slaves who could pass as white found safety in their perceived whiteness. To pass as white was to pass as free. However, once they gained their freedom, most escaped slaves intended to return to blackness—passing as white was a temporary disguise used to gain freedom. Once they had escaped, their racial ambiguity could be a safeguard to their freedom. If an escaped slave was able to pass as white, they were less likely to be caught and returned to their plantation. If they 630: 809:: run, hide or pass. No option was perfect, and all carried the risk of getting caught. People who could not run away but wanted to maintain a life without hiding attempted to pass as "Aryan." People who were "visibly Jewish" could try to alter their appearance to become "Aryan", while other Jewish people with more ambiguous features could pass into the "Aryan" ideal more easily. In these attempts to pass as "Aryan", Jewish people altered their appearance by dyeing their hair blonde and even attempting to reverse circumcisions. 1889:, entitled "Blood" (November 19, 1997), features a rich African American who has been passing for white for his entire adult life in order to first get a corporate job in the South and then to maintain his career. He was initially accused of killing his white wife in order to give away their dark-skinned newborn baby that would expose him as being of African-American descent. It was later revealed that his ex-wife murdered her to cover up the fact that she was married to him and that their son was of black ancestry. 1014:, explores the choices in the racist antebellum North (Philadelphia) of three mixed-race characters who can pass for white: George Winston, who opts to leave the United States rather than be subjected to discriminatory laws; Emily Garie, who marries into the coloured society that she identifies with and defends; and her brother, Clarence Gary, who secretly passes after attending a white boarding school. He falls in love with a white woman, is exposed as being part black, and dies of tuberculosis and despair. 738: 1587:, about a mixed-race woman in the South whose mother was a slave. Her wealthy white father raises her in a life of privilege. When he tries to will his property to her, his white relatives challenge her for control of the estate. They cite local laws forbidding property ownership by blacks (legally, the younger woman is defined by her mother's slave status and racial caste). After court challenges, Amanda Dickson succeeded in inheriting her father's fortune. 1024:", tells the story of an abandoned baby, apparently white, raised by a wealthy French Creole family. The baby (Désirée) grows up to marry a wealthy man of good name. When their child is born, in a few months it becomes apparent the child is part black. The husband, Armand, sends Désirée and the baby away, implying she is of mixed race. The final scene reveals that Armand was the one of mixed ancestry, and that this had been kept from him by his parents. 729:, detailing the investigation into the fraud was released in 2021. The titles of both the investigative documentary and of the French translation of the autobiography and its subsequent movie adaptation mention wolves, alluding to one of Defonseca's claims that as a six-year-old child during WWII, she traveled through forests across Nazi-occupied Europe in search of her parents, with no one to help her except a pack of wild wolves. 125:– classified them as black and therefore, inferior, particularly after slavery became a racial caste. But there were other mixed-race people who were born to unions or marriages in colonial Virginia between free white women and African or African-American men, free, indentured, or slave, and became ancestors to many free families of color in the early decades of the United States, as documented by Paul Heinegg in his 5790: 5810: 954: 872:. He lived most of his life in Canada and became a popular writer and lecturer concerned with the vanishing of the Canadian wilderness and the plight of the creatures that live in it, particularly the beaver. Belaney passed as half Indian for the latter years of his life, claiming that his father was Scottish and his mother Apache. After his death in 1938 he was exposed as an Englishman. 6655: 5800: 657:(née Chokalingam), told CNN that he had pretended to be black years before in order to take advantage of affirmative action to be admitted into medical school. The medical school issued a statement that Chokalingam's grades and scores met the criteria for acceptance at the time, and race had played no factor in his admission. 174:

color in the South after emancipation, for instance, for a formerly enslaved woman who marries a white-passing man shortly after the conclusion of Civil War. Some fictional exploration coalesced around the figure of the "tragic mulatta", a woman whose future is compromised by her being mixed race and able to pass for white.

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Passing was used by some African Americans to evade segregation. Those who were able to pass as white often engaged in tactical passing or passing as white in order to get a job, go to school, or to travel. Outside these situations, "tactical passers" still lived as black people, and for this reason,

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writer, examines the emotional impact of passing in his allegorical short story, "Pennies, Off a Dead Man's Eyes". In it, a white man (secretly an alien non-human who was stranded on Earth as a child) attends the funeral of a beloved black man who raised him, and who taught him how to blend in and

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Post-emancipation, passing as white was no longer a means to obtain freedom. As passing shifted from a necessity to an option, it fell out of favor in the black community. Author Charles W. Chestnutt, who was born free in Ohio as a mixed-race African American, explored circumstances for persons of

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and had established herself as an activist in Spokane. In 2015, Dolezal's mother disputed her daughter's accounts, saying that the family's ancestry was Czech, Swedish, and German, with "faint traces" of Native American heritage. She also denied various claims made by her daughter about her life,

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existed in the North American Colonies as early as 1664, there were no laws preventing or prosecuting the rape of enslaved girls and women. Rape of slaves was legal and encouraged during slavery to increase the slave population. For generations, enslaved black mothers bore mixed-race children who

894:, married a Chinese man, and raised her four children believing they were Chinese and French. One day she told her daughter Rhonda Larrabee about her heritage: "I will tell you once, but you must never ask me again." Marie Lee Bandura had chosen to hide her roots due to the prejudice she faced. 578:

reported on October 5, 2015, that Dartmouth College fired the director of its Native American Program, Susan Taffe Reed, "after tribal officials and alumni accused her of misrepresenting herself as an American Indian". She previously taught at Dartmouth, Bowdoin College, and University of North

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as a value and goal, then questions of identity and integrity in its expression cannot be treated as merely a distraction from supposedly more important issues. Falsifying one’s identity or relationship to particular Indigenous peoples is an act of appropriation continuous with other forms of

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For some people, passing as white and using their whiteness to uplift other black people was the best way to undermine the system that relegated black people to a lower position in society. These same people that were able to pass as white were sometimes known for leaving the African American

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features Laura Montez, one of the vice-presidential candidates in the 2016 election who becomes President after an Electoral College tie and an unresolved tie in the contingent vote in the House of Representatives. As Montez is her married name (with her maiden being Cunningham), and as she

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The phenomenon which is called "reverse passing" as well as "blackfishing" or "race-shifting" has been noted to be common among successful and educated women, especially among women who are academics in university humanities departments and those women who are involved in

1190:, concerns a son who thanks his mother for literally disregarding him on the street as he is passing for white. The other, titled "Who's Passing for Who" (1952), portrays a couple whose racial ambiguity leads to questioning whether they are passing for white or for black. 883:'s Indigenous health arm, Carrie Bourassa, was Indigenous, despite her claiming so for over 20 years. After the story's publication, the institutes initially supported Bourassa, but later announced that she would be on an indefinite leave, effective immediately. 498:. Over objections from the Native Americans he studied, who told the academics he was not Native, West continued to work with anthropologists to publish language and cultural materials about a number of different tribes with whom he had never had contact. 338:

that often Black and brown characters in animation exist ambiguously, calling this a "White passing narrative...where the narrative is written in a way that it's white-passing enough to get past your executives and the powers that be." Mae Catt, a queer

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ahead of the novel's publication, with Hayward conceding that she is white when asked but asserting that it should not prevent her from writing about the experiences of others. Nevertheless, she is publicly accused of cultural appropriation and

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black) with a white child she is caring for. Her baby Tom, who passes for white, is raised as a spoiled aristocrat, but when his true identity becomes known, as the child of a slave and thus born into slavery, he is sold down the

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is told in the voice of a white Southern lesbian, who pretends to be heterosexual to marry. She eventually leaves her husband and assumes a new African-American identity for herself and her daughter, passing as a mixed-race

1145:, includes the character Peola, a light-skinned African-American girl who rejects her darker-skinned mother in order to pass for white. The novel was adapted as two independent major motion pictures of the same name (see 1923:

pronounces her name in a Spanish accent and frequently uses Spanish words in regular conversation, her predecessor (and successor) Selina Meyer believes that she is passing as Hispanic to further her political career.

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traveling actress. She has dalliances with both white and black doctors (scandalizing television viewers when Gray, who they believed was white, kissed a black doctor). Her true racial heritage was revealed when maid

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in the South in the early 20th century. It tells of Zane Pinchback, a young, light-skinned, African-American man whose eyewitness reports of lynchings are regularly published in a New York periodical under the byline

186:, black people slowly gained some of the constitutional rights of which they were deprived during slavery. Although they would not secure "full" constitutional equality for another century until after passage of the 41:

in the United States of America, sought to be accepted or perceived ("passes") as a member of another racial group usually White. Historically, the term has been used primarily in the United States to describe a

194:, reconstruction promised African Americans legal equality for the first time. Abolishing slavery did not abolish racism. During Reconstruction whites tried to enforce white supremacy, in part through the rise of 1435:, Amantha Starr grows up as a privileged white Southern belle in the segregated antebellum South. After her father dies, her world is shattered when it is revealed that her mother was an African-American slave. 1386:, set in the segregated South, feature a character named Julie who is of mixed race and accepted as white. The discovery of her partially African ancestry sets off a crisis, as she is married to a white man. 1481:

underground guerrilla group. Lighter-skinned members, who use wigs to pass as white, are purposefully used. Witnesses to the crime describe them as Caucasian males, deflecting suspicion from the guerrillas.

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descent, developed a niche in Hollywood by playing roles of Native Americans. Initially playing Indians only in movies and television, eventually he wore his film costumes full-time and insisted he was of

4494:. New York: Random House. pp. 180–214. The life story of a famous writer, whose family was Louisiana Creole (whom Gates labels black), who passed as white for most of his adult life in the Northeast. 4262: 1566:, who learns when his mother dies that she was not his biological mother. His natural mother was African American and died as she gave birth to him. He also finds he has a black half-brother (played by 1225:, features Birdie, a biracial girl who looks white and accompanies her white mother as they go into hiding. Her sister, Cole, looks black and goes with their black father into a different hiding place. 1085:, which depicts the life of a biracial man who, after witnessing a lynching, chooses to live as white. Doing so costs him his connection to and dream of making music steeped in African-American roots. 1493:(1982), set in 1942, featured a woman in a Hollywood film studio who had passed as white to gain her position. It was named one of the decade's best films in 1989 by the Black Filmmakers Association. 2974: 650:

including having lived in Africa when young, although the parents did live there for a time after Dolezal had left home. Dolezal ultimately resigned from her position at the Spokane NAACP chapter.

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O'Brian, 83, the author of a series of naval historical novels that have seen him lionised around the literary world, has always been assumed to be an Irishman from a Catholic family. He is not.

256:, mostly European ancestry. Twenty-seven of White's 32 great-great-great-grandparents were white; the other five were classified as black and had been slaves. White grew up with his parents in 1459:

years in New York City. The film stars Ben Carruthers, Lelia Goldoni, and Hugh Hurd as three mulatto siblings, though only one of them is dark-skinned enough to be considered African American.

261: 137:. Although the reasons behind the decision to attempt to pass are deeply individual, the history of African Americans passing as white can be categorized by the following time periods: the 1394:(1949) features a black couple passing for white in New Hampshire who become pillars of the community, with the husband serving as the esteemed town doctor. Upon being commissioned in the 1072:; many of the people who had been enslaved were mixed race because of generations of white men having taken sexual advantage of slave women, or having more conventional liaisons with them. 229:", meaning that he regrets trading in his blackness for whiteness. The idea that passing as white was a rejection of blackness was common at the time and remains so to the present time. 4293: 3249: 3474: 1201:

narrates the plight of Fred Carrington. A former Harlem resident, after years of passing as white, returns to the friends he had abandoned to face the many consequences of his choice.

750:, one of the early British settlers in South Australia, was the illegitimate child of a Scottish slaveholder in Jamaica and an unidentified woman of colour. Financed by his father's 2809: 645:, claimed in a February 2015 profile to have been born in a "Montana tepee" and have hunted for food with her family as a child "with bows and arrows". She primarily identified as 320:

Passing as white is more controversial in the 21st-century because it is frequently seen as being a rejection of blackness, family and culture. In August 2021, Black writer for

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1937) wrote a fraudulent autobiography where she claimed to be a Holocaust survivor, when in fact she has no Jewish descent and was born to Catholic parents. Her book,

4143: 2457: 2242: 2617: 3271: 1527:, the main character is a young Jewish refugee who discards his identity papers and is eventually accepted as a hero of the Nazi regime and exemplar of Aryan traits. 2737: 1941:, Piper states "I'm black" and explains that this statement may surprise her audience because Piper, who is a light-skinned African American, could pass as white. 79: 4254: 6533: 536: 443:

In the visual arts and literature, other White-Americans have also attempted to pass as being indigenous. Ku Klux Klan leader and segregationist speech writer,

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and their social experience: one generally passes for white and has married white; the other is married to a black man and lives in the black community of

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and, despite only knowing "a few words of Catawba" that he had learned from books, he convinced anthropologists that he was the last fluent speaker of the

1810:(October 3, 2000), actress Melissa Marsala plays Judy Kovacs, a bank robber on the lam who is passing. The episode takes place in 1952 and introduces the 971: 840: 715: 4113:

Schoenfeld, Jené (2014). "Can One Really Choose? Passing and Self-Identification at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century". In Nerad, Julie Cary (ed.).

5703: 4533: 3102: 567: 3353: 2177: 5419: 4590: 3242:"Dartmouth Removes New Native American Head Amid Ethnicity Questions: Tribes accused Susan Taffe Reed of misrepresenting herself as American Indian" 2064: 6129: 5439: 5037: 2513: 55: 1847:, were made up to appear to be white. The Wurgels and their daughter Rose were transformed from white to black. The show premiered in March 2006. 886:

Examples of racial passing have been used by people to assimilate into groups other than European. Marie Lee Bandura, who grew up as part of the

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parents, passed as white throughout his adult life. Around this time, those who passed as white were referred to through French Creole slang as

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refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.

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Peerey, Destiny; Bodenhausen, Galen, V. (2008). "Black + White = Black Hypodescent in Reflexive Categorization of Racially Ambiguous Faces".

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features a mixed-race woman, light-skinned enough to pass, who becomes embroiled in a mystery in which her appearance is an important factor.

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written by Chinese-American writer Athena Liu shortly before her death, editing it and submitting it as her original work. Adopting the new

1237:, features a biracial woman who has been traumatized by the black community and her family; she moves to New York City and passes for white. 520:

was passed in the United States. It requires any visual artist claiming to be a Native American artist to be either an enrolled member of a

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in 1928, a novel in which the African-American protagonist, Angela Murray, tries to leverage her light skin tone to gain social advantage.

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was Jewish and passed as "Aryan"; she survived the Holocaust by living with and marrying a Nazi officer. Hahn-Beer wrote a memoir called:

805:, passing as "Aryan" or white and non-Jewish was a means of escaping persecution. There were three ways to avoid being shipped off to the 300:

The aforementioned 20th-century writer and critic Anatole Broyard was a Louisiana Creole who chose to pass for white in his adult life in

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about his experiences as a Southern white man passing as black in the late 1950s to explore how blacks were treated in the Deep South.

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admitted she had been falsely passing as African American. As an activist, Krug had also been using the alias "Jessica La Bombalera".

517: 252:, and to protect himself in socially hostile environments. White, who was blond-haired, blue-eyed, and had a light complexion, was of 5620: 4221: 3920: 925:, was for many years presumed by reviewers and journalists to be Irish, and he took no steps to correct the impression, until a 1999 5603: 5065: 3924: 3871: 3840: 3815: 3038: 2696: 2507: 2429: 993: 4487: 3322: 4068: 3412: 6605: 5813: 5569: 5538: 5434: 2608:"LGBTQ characters of color are making animation history — but creatives of color can't escape the industry's discriminatory past" 2607: 6219: 5521: 4560: 4408: 3617: 3443: 1537: 476: 4195: 4039: 367:

Other persons have passed or attempted to pass as Native American or First Nations people. These people are sometimes called

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explored issues of mixed-race people passing for white in several of his short stories and novels set in the South after the

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wrote several pieces related to passing, including two relevant short stories. One, titled "Passing" in the 1934 collection

754:, he passed as Scottish after arriving in Australia and became one of the colony's wealthiest individuals. He and his sons 6595: 6202: 6103: 6092: 4905: 3893: 1366: 1361: 2721: 6696: 6381: 6116: 5763: 5625: 5615: 5608: 5412: 4583: 3069: 2758:

Aldred, Lisa, "Plastic Shamans and Astroturf Sun Dances: New Age Commercialization of Native American Spirituality" in:

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made public the facts of his ancestry, original name and first marriage, provoking considerable critical media comment.

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was an African American musician born and raised in Missouri. In the 1950s he assumed a new identity, claiming to be an

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Encyclopedia of North American Indians: Native American History, Culture, and Life From Paleo-Indians to the Present

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Juniper Song (her full first and middle names), her publishing house arranges new author photos that present her as

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as rich white girls and are believed to be white by the white people they encounter, including the girls' friends.

1133:, explores white passing through its protagonist Joe Christmas, although passing is not the novel's central theme. 964: 910: 6426: 6347: 5557: 3384: 1894: 1141: 1069: 345: 191: 1410:

as a Southern woman who passed for white in the North while studying to be a nurse. Crain was nominated for the

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actually tries to dye his skin black to appear as an African American for a news story; this is a spoof of the

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in 1993, was still referring to O'Brian's supposed "Irish, French and English childhood" (William Waldegrave,

3872:"Health scientist Carrie Bourassa on immediate leave after scrutiny of her claim she's Indigenous | CBC News" 3666: 6648: 6457: 6255: 5723: 5528: 5468: 5446: 5173: 4576: 4551: 2122: 1186: 759: 583: 574: 278: 94: 4502: 3923:. Vol. 114, no. 4. Burnaby, British Columbia: Simon Fraser University. p. 10. Archived from 3092: 1021: 6341: 6249: 6110: 6074: 6010: 5951: 5688: 5591: 5511: 5340: 5281: 5183: 5080: 5023: 4371: 2169: 2088: 2018: 1986: 1806: 1592: 1582: 776: 692: 521: 487: 322: 122: 6565: 6160: 5916: 5832: 5743: 5635: 5630: 5545: 5506: 5313: 5308: 4702: 4349:"My mother spent her life passing as white. Discovering her secret changed my view of race - and myself" 2236: 2142: 2127: 2023: 1856: 1642: 1489: 1377: 1373: 891: 786: 472: 233: 3001:"Cherokee Artists and Curators Denounce Artist Jimmie Durham as a Fraud, Saying He "Is Not a Cherokee"" 2535: 2497: 1233: 772:, concealed his Chinese ancestry during his lifetime, including changing his birth surname of Tingyou. 593:

The Native American and Indigenous Studies Association's Statement on Indigenous Identity Fraud says:

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In September 2020, after Black Latino scholars confronted her, African history professor and author

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appeared in "White Like Me", a sketch in which he used theatrical make-up to appear as a white man.

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featuring a light-skinned African-American man who spent his adult professional life passing as a

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Born to English parents in Hastings, England, Archibald Belaney (1888-1938) was commonly known as

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of color. Similarly, the third-season episode "Colors" (October 16, 2005) (set in 1945) includes

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Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006: 191–2. (retrieved through Google Books, July 26, 2009)

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Native American Representations: First Encounters, Distorted Images, and Literary Appropriations

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black; in order to avoid being sold down the river, she decides to switch her own baby (who is

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and a French movie based on her story with the same title was released in 2007. A documentary,

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In "Are You Now or Have You Ever Been", the second episode of season-2 of the television show

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for most of his adult life to achieve his professional and academic goals. It is adapted from

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African-American people also chose to pass as whites during Jim Crow and beyond. For example,

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Terry Tafoya – now going by the name Ty Nolan – a former psychology professor at

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could sue for their freedom, using their white appearance as justification for emancipation.

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Definitions and examples, history, famous cases and a look at the theme in works of fiction.

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in British Columbia, was orphaned and believed she was the last of her people. She moved to

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have passed as white to avoid legal and social discriminations. In the iconic autobiography

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To try to protect Native American artists from the claims of non-Native impersonators, the

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American Indian ethnic renewal : Red power and the resurgence of identity and culture

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tells the story of a biracial woman who meets a biracial friend who is "passing" as white.

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movements, non-Native people sometimes have attempted to pass as Native American or other

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Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware

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has themes of interracial dating, "passing" or pretending to be a member of another race.

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tactical passing is also referred to as "9 to 5 passing." The writer and literary critic

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Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware

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Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996: 102. (retrieved through Google Books, July 23, 2009)

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concluded that she was born in the United States and is of Italian and English descent.

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Passing Interest: Racial Passing in US Novels, Memoirs, Television, and Film, 1990–2010

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in the black community and identified with it. He served as the chief executive of the

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This idea of crossing the color line at different points in one's life is explored in

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Report on Conclusion of Preliminary Review in the Matter of Professor Ward Churchill.

2561: 2536:"Growing up in Davant, Louisiana: The Creoles of the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish" 2333: 2212: 1903: 1831: 1767: 1654: 1620: 1563: 1520: 1515: 1205: 1007: 790: 664: 506: 502: 301: 134: 118: 4546: 3609: 2773: 2228: 1657:, who identified as "a man of color" in order to be accepted as a singer. He was of 6600: 6514: 6391: 6371: 6301: 5855: 5753: 5598: 4910: 4769: 4390:"The Fascinating Old Hollywood Story That Inspired The Last Tycoon's Best Plotline" 3958: 3949: 2967:

The Newsletter -- Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas

2132: 1981: 1934: 1865: 1822: 1781: 1741: 1679: 1658: 1629: 1624: 1524: 1407: 1402: 1310: 1136: 1100: 861: 802: 700: 654: 544: 510: 483: 195: 43: 2587: 566:. His claims were eventually rejected by the tribes he claimed, specifically the 37:

occurred when a person who was categorized as black, Negro, or Coloured as their

6625: 6487: 6396: 6049: 6044: 5896: 5678: 5645: 5223: 5203: 4932: 4842: 4777: 4731: 4725: 4697: 4614: 2069: 1955:

released a song on this subject called "Passing Complexion" on their 1986 album

1826: 1758: 1687: 1609: 1424: 1246: 1216: 1152: 1017: 953: 686:

singer. He established a career in this exotic persona, described as an "Indian

372: 368: 305: 114: 113:

Although these mixed-race people were often half white or more, institutions of

110:", "octoroons", or "hexadecaroons" based on their percentage of "black blood". 6588: 6472: 6353: 6281: 6213: 5574: 5228: 5218: 5155: 4957: 4796: 2424:. Santa Barbara, CA; Denver, CO; Oxford, England: ACB-CLIO, Inc. p. xii. 1728: 1719: 1634: 1484: 1365:

featured the character Peola, who has mixed ancestry and passes as white. The

1156: 1027: 918: 824: 362: 253: 249: 4529: 3730: 3521: 3219: 3057: 2733: 2176:. The history departments at The Ohio State University and Miami University. 1801:. He uses make-up to pass as a white man and infiltrate a crime organization. 1036:, is a scathing satire of passing in the antebellum South. Roxy, a slave, is 6545: 6462: 6276: 5936: 5738: 5673: 5178: 4790: 4762: 4668: 4631: 4025: 3738: 3580:"How a Black Man From Missouri Transformed Himself Into the Indian Liberace" 2034: 1952: 1503: 1382: 1287: 914: 769: 668: 413: 269: 4888: 4286:"Adrian Piper's Massive MoMA Survey Will Force You to Face Your Prejudices" 3413:"Spokane NAACP president Rachel Dolezal's claims about background disputed" 3148:"Is Ward Churchill the New Michael Bellesiles? | History News Network" 2698:

Cannibal Culture: Art, Appropriation, And The Commodification Of Difference

2388: 2220: 225:

But the narrator closes the novel by saying "I have sold my birthright for

3686: 2645:

Who's Who?: Hoaxes, Imposture and Identity Crises in Australian Literature

2366:. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press. 198:

chapters, rifle clubs and later paramilitary insurgent groups such as the

6244: 6186: 5708: 4877: 4869: 4837: 4741: 4556: 4226: 3097: 1818: 1341: 1269: 1174: 1110: 1093: 906: 876: 869: 687: 563: 555: 528:, or for a recognized tribe to designate the artist as a tribal artisan. 468: 448: 437: 418: 245: 142: 107: 4165: 2475:. USA: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. p. 140. 2263: 1864:

portrays Julian Bellowes, who has just married into a wealthy family in

62:, passing as white was a temporary disguise used as a means of escaping 6482: 5668: 4915: 4882: 4862: 4847: 4815: 4809: 4801: 4713: 4641: 2325: 2039: 1068:. It was a tumultuous time, with dramatic social changes following the 978: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 860:

The Englishman Archibald Belaney, commonly known as Grey Owl. Photo by

676: 653:

In 2015, Vijay Chokalingam, the brother of Indian American entertainer

531:

In academia, due to non-tribal colleges' and universities' reliance on

282: 103: 4521: 3835:. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. p. 42. 3029:

Anthes, Bill. "Becoming Indian: The Self-Invention of Yeffe Kimball."

1155:, a white journalist, disguised himself as black and travelled in the 554:, who advocated for American Indian rights, claimed to be alternately 6477: 6028: 5046: 4568: 4469: 3810:. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. p. 1. 2303: 2301: 1662: 1443:(1959) is a British movie which explores the theme of racial passing. 1118: 680: 463:, a man of Eastern-European Jewish ancestry, adopted the pen name of 391: 310:

One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life: A Story of Race and Family Secrets

241: 3147: 2831:

Leo, Geoff; Woloshyn, Roxanna; Guerriero, Linda (October 27, 2023).

2317: 856: 816:

The Nazi Officer's Wife: How One Jewish Woman Survived the Holocaust

133:

community and getting an education, later to return and assist with

3093:"Warren suggests 'American Indian' might appear on other documents" 2762:

issn.24.3 (2000) pp.329-352. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

6294: 5683: 4855: 4822: 4624: 4103:

who temporarily passed as black to learn about racial segregation.

1843:

for the majority of the show. The Sparks and their son Nick, from

1265: 1164: 855: 736: 683: 672: 642: 628: 607:

Passing as African Americans and passing as members of other races

475:, and published numerous books under that name. He won awards and 78: 4749: 3667:"Edward Stirling: Embodiment and beneficiary of slave-ownership" 2937:. Internet Archive. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press. 1918: 1468:

features an African-American character who is accepted as white.

617:

List of impostors § False minority national identity claims

422: 240:

conducted investigations in the South during which he passed as

5828: 5824: 5019: 4572: 3801: 3799: 3475:"Mindy Kaling's brother claimed to be black for SLU med school" 2934:

Other words : American Indian literature, law, and culture

539:, non-Native people have sometimes passed as Native Americans. 2800:"Iron Eyes Cody, 94, an Actor And Tearful Anti-Littering Icon" 2308:

Piper, Adrian (1992). "Passing for White, Passing for Black".

1880:

playing a dancer who passes as white for at least sixty years.

1839:. Two families, one black and one white, shared a home in the 947: 830:

There are also examples of the opposite: some persons such as

719:, received international fame. In France, the book was titled 2887:. Internet Archive. New York : Oxford University Press. 505:

was exposed as a non-Native man posing as a Cherokee. Artist

2364:

A Chosen Exile: A History of Racial Passing in American Life

590:

discovered that he was neither, and reported his deception.

1937:'s work. For example, in her 1988 visual performance piece 1909:

woman who passes for white. She is played by white actress

486:. The grandson of prominent attorney and community leader, 16:

When a person classified as one race is accepted as another

3779:"Justice Spigelman calls for pride on Indigenous ancestry" 1999:, also known as Indian blood laws (as in, Native American) 1913:; the casting of a white woman in the role drew criticism. 482:

Cromwell Ashbie Hawkins West was an African American from

262:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

5015: 4069:"Thyra Johnston, 91, Symbol of Racial Distinctions, Dies" 3208:"Colorado Regents Vote to Fire a Controversial Professor" 667:

named Korla Pandit and fabricating a history of birth in

4477:

Racial Reclassification and Political Identity Formation

4470:

Choosing Racial Identity in the United States, 1880–1940

3956:

as "this charming book by an Irish sportsman" in a 1950

3711:. Vol. 14. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 2262:. Baltimore: Geneaological Publishing Co. Archived from 1850:

In "Libertyville" (March 29, 2009), an episode from the

3297:"Dartmouth criticized for Native American Studies hire" 2502:. Boston: Sherman, French, & Company. p. 207. 1933:

Racial passing is a recurring theme in American artist

1506:

to qualify for an African American-only scholarship at

1171:. The articles formed the basis of Sprigle's 1949 book 4435:

Disability and Passing: Blurring the Lines of Identity

4222:"'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Has A Major Race Problem" 3833:

Passing Illusions: Jewish Visibility in Weimar Germany

3808:

Passing Illusions: Jewish Visibility in Weimar Germany

1734:

On the last episode of the first season of the sitcom

1451:

is a 1959 American independent drama film directed by

879:

found no evidence that the scientific director of the

768:, the founder of one of Australia's real estate firms 2672:

Indian Country: Essays on Contemporary Native Culture

2395:. University of Vermont Journal of American History. 1167:. Sprigle wrote a series of articles under the title 4372:"Passing as White - Vassar, the Alumnae/i Quarterly" 3033:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006: 117–141. 2562:"The Creole Collection: Odes to Ancestral Childhood" 1579:

is based on Kent Anderson Leslie's non-fiction book

1540:

agent named Pruitt, who passes for white when among

586:, passed as being Warm Springs and Taos Pueblo. The 214:

family moved north to Brooklyn before World War II.

6523: 6445: 6362: 6269: 6228: 6159: 5981: 5965: 5887: 5876: 5661: 5494: 5262: 5164: 5053: 4997: 4971: 4898: 4607: 4140:"10 Angel episodes that were too big for Sunnydale" 3031:

Native Moderns: American Indian Painting, 1940–1960

2589:

Passé Pour Blanc (passed for White): Creole Secrets

905:(1914–2000), born Richard Patrick Russ, an English 823:, a Jewish collaborator who initially attempted to 210:saw his father pass in order to get work after his 4347: 4196:"The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Has a Race Problem" 4067: 4038: 3549:"Exotic Korla Pandit hid race under swami persona" 3327:Native American and Indigenous Studies Association 2601: 2599: 1306:depicts her experiences as a person of mixed race. 349:, added that when shows are not run or written by 5734:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 3641:"The Girl Who Cried Wolf: A Holocaust Fairy Tale" 2418:Campbell, James, M.; Fraser, Rebecca, J. (2008). 2174:Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective 1570:) who is a policeman, as well as a maternal aunt. 775:Similarly to the African-American practice, many 4433:Brune, Jeffrey A., and Daniel J. Wilson (eds.), 3858:From the Land of Shadows: the Making of Grey Owl 3312:, September 19, 2015. Retrieved October 9, 2015. 1332:, author June Hayward steals the manuscript for 2170:"Interracial Marriage in "Post-Racial" America" 1731:, a black woman, claimed Carla as her daughter. 721:Survivre avec les loups (Surviving with Wolves) 641:, then president of the Spokane chapter of the 141:era, post-emancipation, Reconstruction through 4468:Dahis, Ricardo, Emily Nix, Nancy Qian. 2019. " 4437:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2013. 3323:"NAISA Statement on Indigenous Identity Fraud" 1256:Mat Johnson and Warren Pleese's graphic novel 54:to escape the legal and social conventions of 5840: 5031: 4584: 4066:Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. (November 29, 1995). 3444:"Mindy Kaling's brother: I faked being black" 2606:White, Abbey; Chik, Kalai (August 31, 2021). 1604:man of mixed-race ancestry who has passed as 1264:'s work as an investigative reporter for the 613:Racial misrepresentation § Notable cases 8: 4040:"Albert Johnston, 87, Focus of Film on Race" 3860:. Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books. 2456:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2241:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1686:to portray an African-American soldier in a 1338:Chinese labourers during the First World War 4963:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories 4442:"Passing for White Not a Relic of the Past" 4172:. Internet Movie Database. March 29, 2009. 4117:. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. pp. 95–105. 3674:Australian Journal of Biography and History 2669:Valaskakis, Gail Guthrie (April 22, 2005). 1678:plays a blue-eyed, blond-haired Australian 451:author Forrest Carter, author of the novel 264:(NAACP) from 1929 until his death in 1955. 121:in some states – particularly in the 5884: 5847: 5833: 5825: 5038: 5024: 5016: 4591: 4577: 4569: 3411:Hill, Kip; Wasson, David (June 12, 2015). 3056:Pember, Mary Annettee (January 25, 2007). 3051: 3049: 3047: 2854:Bataille, Gretchen M. (December 1, 2001). 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 841:Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood 401:. The pejorative term for such people is " 5704:Interminority racism in the United States 3685: 994:Learn how and when to remove this message 568:United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians 3177:"Ward Churchill, the white man's burden" 2065:Racial transformation of Michael Jackson 1477:features a bank robbery conducted by an 4492:Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Man 3921:"Film: The story of the smallest tribe" 3105:from the original on September 21, 2019 2772:Mikkelson, Barbara (November 7, 2002). 2421:Reconstruction: People and Perspectives 2399:from the original on September 16, 2018 2168:Viñas-Nelson, Jessica (July 14, 2017). 2160: 1581:Woman of Color, Daughter of Privilege: 793:, discovering her Aboriginal heritage. 716:Misha: A Mémoire of the Holocaust Years 5776:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 4459:The Fluidity of Racial Classifications 4176:from the original on December 19, 2010 3703:"Sir Leslie Joseph Hooker (1903–1976)" 3620:from the original on September 4, 2020 3559:from the original on December 22, 2015 3485:from the original on November 28, 2021 3378:Moncy, Shawntelle (February 5, 2015). 3333:from the original on September 9, 2017 3072:from the original on December 27, 2018 2843:from the original on October 27, 2023. 2642:Nolan, Maggie; Dawson, Carrie (2004). 2637: 2635: 2516:from the original on November 28, 2021 2499:The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man 2449: 2287: 2277: 2234: 1406:was a 1949 film on the topic starring 1169:I Was a Negro in the South for 30 Days 1082:The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man 881:Canadian Institutes of Health Research 436:ancestry, but a 2023 investigation by 3590:from the original on October 21, 2015 3578:Bradner, Liesl (September 12, 2015). 2833:"Who is the real Buffy Sainte-Marie?" 2438:from the original on January 28, 2020 2180:from the original on December 6, 2018 1774:On the December 15, 1984, episode of 161:caught, white-passing slaves such as 7: 6654: 5799: 4563:from the original on March 28, 2016. 4539:from the original on March 28, 2016. 3990:"The Secret Life of Patrick O'Brian" 3252:from the original on October 9, 2015 2620:from the original on August 31, 2021 1209:(1961) was an account by journalist 976:adding citations to reliable sources 178:From Reconstruction through Jim Crow 6702:Black (human racial classification) 6332:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness 5189:Discrimination based on nationality 4409:"The "Passing" of Elsie Roxborough" 3783:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3187:from the original on April 15, 2021 3062:Diverse: Issues in Higher Education 2960:"The Identity of Red Thunder Cloud" 2560:Williams, Scotty (April 18, 2023). 1965:Race and ethnicity in Latin America 1336:, a novel about the experiences of 909:and translator, best known for his 447:, attempted to reinvent himself as 223:Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. 4463:Annual Review of Political Science 4407:Hauke, Kathleen A. (Spring 1984). 4360:from the original on May 25, 2022. 4284:Sargent, Antwaun (April 9, 2018). 4202:from the original on June 19, 2017 4146:from the original on April 4, 2016 3777:Barlow, Karen (October 28, 2005). 3708:Australian Dictionary of Biography 3454:from the original on June 17, 2017 3423:from the original on June 13, 2015 3392:from the original on June 13, 2015 3091:Choi, Matthew (February 6, 2019). 3011:from the original on June 28, 2017 2980:from the original on June 24, 2021 2812:from the original on June 30, 2019 2060:Racial transformation (individual) 2029:Discrimination based on skin color 1519:, based on the real-life story of 1060:Writing in the late 19th century, 518:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 88:Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man 14: 4440:Crary, David (November 4, 2003). 4296:from the original on May 16, 2018 4265:from the original on May 21, 2017 4255:"Racial Stereotypes Can Be Funny" 4099:(1961), a book by the journalist 3900:from the original on July 6, 2011 3547:Zack, Jessica (August 15, 2015). 3528:from the original on May 22, 2016 3442:Michael Pearson (April 8, 2015). 3135:University of Colorado at Boulder 2740:from the original on May 27, 2021 2005:, also known as a Paper Bag Party 1821:and Emmy Award-winning filmmaker 1633:in which two black FBI agents go 1369:renamed the character Sarah Jane. 6653: 6606:White genocide conspiracy theory 5912:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5808: 5798: 5789: 5788: 4488:"The Passing of Anatole Broyard" 4472:". NBER Working Paper No. 26465. 4316:"Big Black – Passing Complexion" 4234:from the original on May 2, 2017 3974:, reprinted in Patrick O'Brian, 3639:Eskin, Blake (August 18, 2008). 3506:"The Many Faces of Korla Pandit" 3137:. 2005. Retrieved July 26, 2009. 2999:Boucher, Brian (June 27, 2017). 2798:Waldman, Amy (January 5, 1999). 2213:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02185.x 1653:tells the story of singer-actor 1562:features a white man, played by 1455:about race relations during the 1033:The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson 952: 762:were all members of parliament. 5809: 4486:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (1997). 3988:Fenton, Ben (24 October 1999). 3978:, HarperCollins reprinted 2003) 3473:Holleman, Joe (April 8, 2015). 3352:Lewis, Helen (March 16, 2021). 3240:Frosch, Dan (October 5, 2015). 2722:"The Native Scholar Who Wasn't" 2675:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. 1868:. He has not told them he is a 1651:Black/White & All That Jazz 1538:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1502:features a white man who wears 963:needs additional citations for 357:Passing as Indigenous Americans 6446:Negative stereotypes of Whites 5694:Go back to where you came from 4948:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa 4253:Chu, Arthur (March 13, 2015). 4138:Menzies, David (May 1, 2014). 3713:Australian National University 2496:Weldon-Johnson, James (1912). 1825:teamed to create the six-part 1412:Academy Award for Best Actress 1197:'s lifetime, the one-act play 1: 6596:White Anglo-Saxon Protestants 4906:Cherokee freedmen controversy 3919:Hui, Stephen (May 26, 2003). 3894:National Film Board of Canada 3206:Frosch, Dan (July 25, 2007). 2760:The American Indian Quarterly 2720:Viren, Sarah (May 25, 2021). 2648:. Univ. of Queensland Press. 1835:, broadcast on cable network 1722:was introduced in 1968 as an 1474:The Spook Who Sat by the Door 875:In 2021, an investigation by 844:falsely claimed to be Jewish 696:magazine editor R. J. Smith. 490:, West reinvented himself as 6382:Missing white woman syndrome 4565:A variety of ways to "pass". 1916:The political satire series 1012:The Garies and Their Friends 597:If we believe in Indigenous 454:The Education of Little Tree 6534:US definitions of whiteness 4545:Neal, Rome (May 20, 2004). 3753:"LJ Hooker's Chinese roots" 3665:Robertson, Beth M. (2022). 3610:"BBC News September 4,2020" 2586:Martin, Gilbert E. (1993). 2256:Heinegg, Paul (1995–2000). 1649:The 2007 documentary short 888:New Westminster Indian Band 467:about 1969, claiming to be 432:has long said that she has 58:and discrimination. In the 39:Race (human categorization) 6723: 6649:European native population 4979:Contemporary ethnic groups 4457:Davenport, Lauren. 2020. " 3962:review (Tolstoy, 324) and 3504:Smith, R. J. (June 2001). 3309:New Hampshire Union Leader 2471:Bornstein, George (2011). 2014:Color terminology for race 1962: 1814:as a setting for the show. 1798:The Young and the Restless 1139:'s 1933 bestselling novel 825:hide her Jewish background 819:. Another such example is 610: 588:Seattle Post Intelligencer 526:federally recognized tribe 360: 234:United States civil rights 25: 18: 6687:Race in the United States 6639: 6427:White demographic decline 5862: 5784: 4450:(Gainesville, Florida). 4413:Michigan Quarterly Review 4022:Mat Johnson on Incognegro 3856:Smith, Donald B. (1990). 3701:Spearritt, Peter (1996). 2540:www.louisianafolklife.org 1895:Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt 1757:, clueless news reporter 1146: 1070:Emancipation Proclamation 789:, whose family passed as 579:Carolina at Chapel Hill. 244:to gather information on 192:Voting Rights Act of 1965 50:who assimilated into the 4475:De Micheli, D. (2020). " 3976:The Reverse of the Medal 3302:October 1, 2015, at the 2031:, also known as colorism 838:or the author who wrote 543:, Harvard professor and 316:From 2000 to the present 188:Civil Rights Act of 1964 149:Antebellum United States 21:Racial misrepresentation 19:Not to be confused with 6458:Appalachian stereotypes 5724:Psychometrics of racism 5174:Anti-miscegenation laws 4552:CBS News Sunday Morning 4318:– via genius.com. 3831:Wallach, Kerry (2017). 3806:Wallach, Kerry (2017). 3553:San Francisco Chronicle 3479:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 3246:The Wall Street Journal 3175:(September 12, 2018) . 2860:. U of Nebraska Press. 2362:Hobbs, Allyson (2014). 2123:Anita Florence Hemmings 1860:set in 1958, the actor 1300:Real American: A Memoir 1187:The Ways of White Folks 760:Edward Charles Stirling 584:Evergreen State College 575:The Wall Street Journal 550:Professor and activist 501:American-born sculptor 95:anti-miscegenation laws 6365:phenomena and theories 6348:The White Man's Burden 6342:White Australia policy 6138:Southern United States 5689:Ethnic plastic surgery 5184:Biological determinism 4547:"Living a Double Life" 4510:Ohio State Law Journal 4170:: Libertyville (2009)" 3354:"The Identity Hoaxers" 3276:www.insidehighered.com 3130:June 29, 2012, at the 2958:Goddard, Ives (2000). 2089:Transracial (identity) 2019:Cultural appropriation 1987:Amalgamation (history) 1883:A Season 8 episode of 1791:played black attorney 1691:movie within the movie 1614:novel of the same name 1583:Amanda America Dickson 1079:anonymously published 865: 777:Aboriginal Australians 744: 637:Civil rights activist 634: 633:Rachel Dolezal in 2015 604: 488:William Ashbie Hawkins 428:The singer-songwriter 332:, Taneka Stotts, told 323:Steven Universe Future 90: 6682:Cultural assimilation 6566:Identitarian movement 6151:Saint Kitts and Nevis 5609:In Jewish communities 5587:Hispanic & Latino 4356:. November 21, 2017. 3687:10.22459/AJBH.06.2022 3616:. September 4, 2020. 3516:(6): 72–77, 146–151. 3123:Richardson, Valerie. 2931:Weaver, Jace (2001). 2881:Nagel, Joane (1997). 2393:University of Vermont 2201:Psychological Science 2143:Mary Mildred Williams 2128:Theophilus John McKee 2024:Cultural assimilation 1898:(2015–2019) features 1550:Devil in a Blue Dress 1245:(2000) is a novel by 1020:'s 1893 short story " 911:Aubrey–Maturin series 892:Vancouver's Chinatown 859: 785:, a central theme is 740: 709:(born Monique de Wael 632: 595: 267:In the 20th century, 117:and the 20th-century 82: 6453:In the United States 6417:Whitewashing in film 5699:Herrenvolk democracy 4926:Interracial marriage 4921:Interethnic marriage 4703:Eurasian Singaporean 4093:The title refers to 3930:on February 25, 2012 3890:Government of Canada 3757:ChineseAustralia.org 3417:The Spokesman-Review 3380:"A Life to be Heard" 3181:Indian Country Today 2907:Hoxie, Frederick E. 2003:Brown Paper Bag Test 1746:Tom and Helen Willis 1627:starred in the film 1304:Julie Lythcott-Haims 1089:Jessie Redmon Fauset 1077:James Weldon Johnson 972:improve this article 766:Leslie Joseph Hooker 726:Misha and the Wolves 238:Walter Francis White 219:James Weldon Johnson 99:racial intermarriage 84:James Weldon Johnson 6697:Passing (sociology) 6571:Non-Hispanic whites 6412:Whitewashing in art 6337:Settler colonialism 6270:Historical concepts 6080:Trinidad and Tobago 5878:European emigration 5719:Perpetual foreigner 4447:The Gainesville Sun 4101:John Howard Griffin 4028:, November 29, 2007 3994:The Daily Telegraph 2009:Color-blind casting 1874:Christina Hendricks 1841:San Fernando Valley 1777:Saturday Night Live 1763:John Howard Griffin 1718:, the character of 1281:speculative fiction 1211:John Howard Griffin 1163:, a guide from the 1062:Charles W. Chesnutt 932:The Daily Telegraph 846:Holocaust survivors 836:Laurel Rose Willson 533:self-identification 434:Indigenous Canadian 408:The American actor 281:cartoonist born to 145:, and present day. 28:Passing (sociology) 6556:European New Right 6551:Christian Identity 6327:Play the white man 6040:Dominican Republic 5749:Racial integration 5729:Race and sexuality 5534:Japanese Americans 5254:Racial segregation 5244:Racial nationalism 5005:Race of the future 4989:luk khrueng people 4230:. March 17, 2015. 4074:The New York Times 4045:The New York Times 3964:William Waldegrave 3212:The New York Times 3173:Harjo, Suzan Shown 2805:The New York Times 2726:The New York Times 2473:The Colors of Zion 2055:Racial integration 1997:Blood quantum laws 1817:In November 2005, 1795:on the soap opera 1780:, the black actor 1754:WKRP in Cincinnati 1712:On the soap opera 1573:The 2000 TV movie 1508:Harvard Law School 1465:I Passed for White 1396:United States Navy 1346:racially ambiguous 1316:The Vanishing Half 1229:Eric Jerome Dickey 1199:The Man Who Passed 1195:Regina M. Anderson 1066:American Civil War 939:In popular culture 866: 752:slave compensation 745: 635: 602:colonial violence. 599:self-determination 430:Buffy Sainte-Marie 329:Craig of the Creek 184:Reconstruction era 91: 56:racial segregation 6669: 6668: 6621:White nationalism 6561:Great Replacement 6526:identity politics 6407:Whiteness studies 6317:First white child 6265: 6264: 5822: 5821: 5570:African Americans 5517:Chinese Americans 5214:Ethnic stereotype 5013: 5012: 4198:. March 7, 2015. 4124:978-1-4384-5227-2 4000:on 5 January 2006 3968:The Wine-Dark Sea 3722:978-0-522-84459-7 3295:Pierce, Meghan, " 2944:978-0-8061-3352-2 2920:978-0-395-66921-1 2894:978-0-19-512063-9 2867:978-0-8032-0003-6 2708:978-0-8133-2089-2 2682:978-0-88920-479-9 2655:978-0-7022-3523-8 2592:. Mandingo Press. 2482:978-0-674-05701-2 2387:Johnson, Walter. 2373:978-0-674-36810-1 2266:on August 7, 2010 2099:Whiteness studies 1862:Johnathon Schaech 1751:In an episode of 1676:Robert Downey Jr. 1668:In the 2008 film 1542:African Americans 1536:features a black 1513:In the 1990 film 1423:(1957), starring 1362:Imitation of Life 1298:In her 2017 book 1234:Milk in My Coffee 1161:John Wesley Dobbs 1142:Imitation of Life 1115:racial identities 1109:, deals with two 1004: 1003: 996: 492:Red Thunder Cloud 227:a mess of pottage 169:Post-emancipation 155:antebellum period 75:Passing for white 6714: 6657: 6656: 6500:Angry white male 6376:Passing as white 5885: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5826: 5812: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5646:Racial supremacy 5604:Jewish Americans 5582:Native Americans 5551:Zainichi Koreans 5539:Japanese Koreans 5522:Zainichi Chinese 5495:Racism by target 5272:Global apartheid 5264:Racism by region 5249:Racial profiling 5239:Racial hierarchy 5040: 5033: 5026: 5017: 4708:Filipino Mestizo 4593: 4586: 4579: 4570: 4564: 4540: 4538: 4516:(3): 1145–1193. 4507: 4503:"Racial Passing" 4499:Kennedy, Randall 4452:Associated Press 4421: 4420: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4396:. July 28, 2017. 4386: 4380: 4379: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4351: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4336:. June 10, 1996. 4326: 4320: 4319: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4110: 4104: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4071: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4005: 3996:. Archived from 3985: 3979: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3929: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3886:"A Tribe of One" 3882: 3876: 3875: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3803: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3671: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3584:The New Republic 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3319: 3313: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3144: 3138: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3053: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2979: 2964: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2928: 2922: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2774:"Iron Eyes Cody" 2769: 2763: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2717: 2711: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2639: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2603: 2594: 2593: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2359: 2338: 2337: 2305: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2232: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2165: 2138:Elsie Roxborough 2081:The Operated Jew 2045:Passing (gender) 1992:Assimilated Jews 1900:Jacqueline White 1870:Louisiana Creole 1845:Atlanta, Georgia 1724:Italian-American 1715:One Life to Live 1602:African-American 1568:James Earl Jones 1479:African American 1378:1951 adaptations 1324:Rebecca F. Kuang 1125:William Faulkner 1103:'s 1929 novella 1055: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1044: 1040: 999: 992: 988: 985: 979: 956: 948: 661:John Roland Redd 647:African American 541:Elizabeth Warren 496:Catawba language 465:Jamake Highwater 279:Louisiana Creole 212:Louisiana Creole 135:racial uplifting 86:, author of the 60:Antebellum South 6722: 6721: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6707:White Americans 6672: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6635: 6631:White supremacy 6519: 6468:Mountain whites 6441: 6437:White supremacy 6402:White privilege 6364: 6358: 6322:Honorary whites 6261: 6224: 6155: 5977: 5961: 5880: 5872: 5858: 5853: 5823: 5818: 5780: 5759:Racism in sport 5657: 5651:White supremacy 5490: 5258: 5194:Ethnic conflict 5166: 5160: 5054:Types of racism 5049: 5044: 5014: 5009: 4993: 4967: 4894: 4603: 4597: 4544: 4536: 4505: 4497: 4428:Further reading 4425: 4424: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4354:The Independent 4346: 4345: 4341: 4330:"White Like Me" 4328: 4327: 4323: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4142:. Den of Geek. 4137: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4047:. June 28, 1988 4037: 4036: 4032: 4020: 4016: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972:Patrick O'Brian 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3723: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3645:Boston Magazine 3638: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3304:Wayback Machine 3294: 3290: 3280: 3278: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3253: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3132:Wayback Machine 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3058:"Ethnic Fraud?" 3055: 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1787:In 1985, actor 1709: 1684:plastic surgery 1598:Anthony Hopkins 1593:The Human Stain 1576:A House Divided 1457:Beat Generation 1453:John Cassavetes 1429:Yvonne de Carlo 1391:Lost Boundaries 1380:of the musical 1356: 1260:is inspired by 1251:Jewish-American 1242:The Human Stain 1193:Unpublished in 1182:Langston Hughes 1173:In the Land of 1130:Light in August 1052: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1000: 989: 983: 980: 969: 957: 946: 941: 923:Napoleonic Wars 903:Patrick O'Brian 900: 854: 832:Misha Defonseca 811:Edith Hahn Beer 799: 748:Edward Stirling 742:Edward Stirling 735: 707:Misha Defonseca 619: 609: 537:tribal identity 445:Asa Earl Carter 399:medicine people 365: 359: 351:people of color 318: 275:George Herriman 273:comics creator 208:Anatole Broyard 180: 171: 151: 77: 72: 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6720: 6718: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6674: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6651: 6646: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6616:White identity 6613: 6611:White Hispanic 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6530: 6528: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6439: 6434: 6432:Reverse racism 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6387:Skin whitening 6384: 6379: 6368: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6305: 6291: 6288:Blanqueamiento 6284: 6279: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6234: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6165: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6120: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6016:Cayman Islands 6013: 6008: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5882: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5806: 5796: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5771:Reverse racism 5768: 5767: 5766: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5744:Racial figleaf 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5662:Related topics 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5621:Middle Eastern 5618: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5584: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5466: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5413:United Kingdom 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5291: 5290: 5289: 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4573: 4567: 4566: 4542: 4495: 4484: 4481:World Politics 4473: 4466: 4455: 4438: 4423: 4422: 4399: 4381: 4376:www.vassar.edu 4363: 4339: 4334:The New Yorker 4321: 4307: 4276: 4245: 4213: 4187: 4157: 4130: 4123: 4105: 4086: 4058: 4030: 4014: 3980: 3941: 3911: 3877: 3863: 3848: 3841: 3823: 3816: 3795: 3769: 3744: 3721: 3693: 3680:(6): 103–124. 3657: 3631: 3601: 3570: 3539: 3496: 3465: 3434: 3403: 3370: 3344: 3314: 3288: 3263: 3232: 3198: 3164: 3139: 3116: 3083: 3043: 3022: 2991: 2950: 2943: 2923: 2900: 2893: 2873: 2866: 2846: 2823: 2790: 2764: 2751: 2712: 2688: 2681: 2661: 2654: 2631: 2595: 2578: 2552: 2527: 2508: 2488: 2481: 2463: 2430: 2410: 2379: 2372: 2339: 2297: 2288:|website= 2248: 2191: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2077: 2075:Skin whitening 2072: 2067: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1961: 1960: 1951:The rock band 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1914: 1911:Jane Krakowski 1890: 1881: 1878:Elinor Donahue 1848: 1829:series titled 1815: 1812:Hyperion Hotel 1802: 1793:Tyrone Jackson 1785: 1772: 1749: 1737:The Jeffersons 1732: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1696:The 2021 film 1694: 1682:who undergoes 1671:Tropic Thunder 1666: 1647: 1640:The 2005 film 1638: 1617: 1590:The 2003 film 1588: 1571: 1559:A Family Thing 1556:The 1996 film 1554: 1547:The 1995 film 1545: 1530:The 1995 film 1528: 1511: 1496:The 1986 film 1494: 1482: 1471:The 1973 film 1469: 1462:The 1960 film 1460: 1444: 1436: 1433:Sidney Poitier 1420:Band of Angels 1415: 1399: 1387: 1370: 1359:The 1934 film 1355: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1334:The Last Front 1326:'s 2023 novel 1320: 1313:'s 2020 novel 1307: 1296: 1290:'s 2015 novel 1285: 1277:Harlan Ellison 1274: 1254: 1238: 1231:'s 1999 novel 1226: 1219:'s 1998 novel 1214: 1202: 1191: 1179: 1150: 1134: 1127:'s 1932 novel 1122: 1098: 1086: 1073: 1058: 1030:'s 1894 novel 1025: 1022:Désirée's Baby 1015: 1010:'s 1857 novel 1002: 1001: 960: 958: 951: 945: 942: 940: 937: 899: 896: 853: 850: 798: 795: 734: 731: 639:Rachel Dolezal 608: 605: 560:Muscogee Creek 552:Ward Churchill 509:claimed to be 410:Iron Eyes Cody 403:plastic shaman 361:Main article: 358: 355: 341:Asian-American 317: 314: 179: 176: 170: 167: 150: 147: 76: 73: 71: 68: 52:white majority 48:Mulatto person 35:Racial passing 26:Main article: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6719: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6662: 6661: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6539:One-drop rule 6537: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 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5234:Racialization 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5199:Ethnic hatred 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116:Laissez-faire 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5101:Institutional 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5086:Environmental 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4943:One-drop rule 4941: 4939: 4938:Miscegenation 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4844: 4841: 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2701: 2699: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2624:September 10, 2619: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2582: 2579: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2515: 2511: 2509:9781774414736 2505: 2501: 2500: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2437: 2433: 2431:9781598840216 2427: 2423: 2422: 2414: 2411: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2281: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2238: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2192: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1966: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1832:Black. White. 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1768:Black Like Me 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1655:Herb Jeffries 1652: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1586: 1585:, (1849–1893) 1584: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1564:Robert Duvall 1561: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1521:Solomon Perel 1518: 1517: 1516:Europa Europa 1512: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1284:appear human. 1282: 1278: 1275: 1273:"Incognegro". 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1253:intellectual. 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1206:Black Like Me 1203: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1008:Frank J. Webb 1006: 1005: 998: 995: 987: 977: 973: 967: 966: 961:This section 959: 955: 950: 949: 943: 938: 936: 934: 933: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 897: 895: 893: 889: 884: 882: 878: 873: 871: 863: 858: 851: 849: 847: 843: 842: 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 821:Stella Kübler 818: 817: 812: 808: 804: 796: 794: 792: 788: 784: 783: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 743: 739: 732: 730: 728: 727: 722: 718: 717: 712: 708: 704: 702: 697: 695: 694: 689: 685: 682: 679:priest and a 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 656: 651: 648: 644: 640: 631: 627: 625: 618: 614: 606: 603: 600: 594: 591: 589: 585: 580: 577: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 507:Yeffe Kimball 504: 503:Jimmie Durham 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 456: 455: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 426: 424: 420: 415: 412:, who was of 411: 406: 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 384: 382: 378: 375:of the words 374: 370: 364: 356: 354: 352: 348: 347: 346:Young Justice 342: 337: 336: 331: 330: 325: 324: 315: 313: 311: 307: 303: 302:New York City 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 230: 228: 224: 220: 215: 213: 209: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 177: 175: 168: 166: 164: 163:Jane Morrison 160: 156: 148: 146: 144: 140: 136: 130: 128: 124: 120: 119:one drop rule 116: 111: 109: 105: 102:were deemed " 100: 96: 89: 85: 81: 74: 70:United States 69: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 46:especially a 45: 40: 36: 32: 29: 22: 6658: 6601:White ethnic 6515:White monkey 6422:White savior 6392:White flight 6375: 6372:Acting white 6363:Sociological 6346: 6307: 6302:Peninsulares 6300: 6293: 6286: 6254: 6237: 6212: 6185: 6168: 6136: 6122: 6115: 6091: 6084: 6027: 6020: 6003: 5942:South Africa 5866: 5856:White people 5764:in Australia 5754:Racial quota 5713: 5398:Soviet Union 5341:Saudi Arabia 5282:South Africa 5209:Ethnic slurs 5204:Ethnic jokes 5106:Internalized 4952: 4911:Ethnogenesis 4887: 4868: 4861: 4854: 4848: 4828: 4821: 4814: 4802: 4795: 4776: 4770: 4755: 4748: 4724: 4712: 4688:Anglo-Indian 4673: 4625: 4550: 4513: 4509: 4491: 4480: 4462: 4445: 4434: 4427: 4426: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4353: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4310: 4298:. 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Retrieved 3245: 3235: 3223:. Retrieved 3211: 3201: 3189:. Retrieved 3180: 3167: 3155:. Retrieved 3151: 3142: 3134: 3119: 3107:. Retrieved 3096: 3086: 3076:December 26, 3074:. Retrieved 3065: 3061: 3030: 3025: 3013:. Retrieved 3004: 2994: 2982:. Retrieved 2970: 2966: 2953: 2933: 2926: 2909: 2903: 2883: 2876: 2856: 2849: 2836: 2826: 2814:. Retrieved 2803: 2793: 2781:. Retrieved 2777: 2767: 2759: 2754: 2742:. Retrieved 2725: 2715: 2697: 2691: 2671: 2664: 2644: 2622:. Retrieved 2611: 2588: 2581: 2569:. Retrieved 2565: 2555: 2543:. Retrieved 2539: 2530: 2520:November 19, 2518:. Retrieved 2498: 2491: 2472: 2466: 2442:November 19, 2440:. Retrieved 2420: 2413: 2401:. Retrieved 2392: 2382: 2363: 2312:(58): 4–32. 2309: 2268:. Retrieved 2264:the original 2258: 2251: 2237:cite journal 2204: 2200: 2194: 2184:November 12, 2182:. Retrieved 2173: 2163: 2154: 2153: 2133:Merle Oberon 2079: 1982:Acting white 1956: 1938: 1935:Adrian Piper 1917: 1893: 1884: 1866:Philadelphia 1855: 1852:sixth season 1830: 1823:R. J. Cutler 1805: 1796: 1782:Eddie Murphy 1775: 1766: 1752: 1742:Andrew Rubin 1735: 1713: 1697: 1680:method actor 1669: 1650: 1641: 1630:White Chicks 1628: 1625:Shawn Wayans 1591: 1580: 1574: 1557: 1548: 1531: 1525:World War II 1514: 1497: 1488: 1472: 1463: 1446: 1438: 1418: 1417:In the film 1408:Jeanne Crain 1401: 1389: 1381: 1360: 1333: 1327: 1314: 1311:Brit Bennett 1299: 1291: 1262:Walter White 1257: 1240: 1232: 1220: 1204: 1198: 1185: 1172: 1168: 1140: 1137:Fannie Hurst 1128: 1104: 1101:Nella Larsen 1092: 1080: 1031: 1011: 990: 981: 970:Please help 965:verification 962: 930: 901: 885: 874: 867: 862:Yousuf Karsh 848:after 1945. 839: 829: 815: 803:Nazi Germany 801:For Jews in 800: 787:Sally Morgan 781: 774: 764: 746: 724: 720: 714: 710: 705: 701:Jessica Krug 698: 691: 659: 655:Mindy Kaling 652: 636: 620: 596: 592: 587: 581: 573: 572: 549: 545:U.S. Senator 530: 515: 500: 484:Rhode Island 481: 459: 452: 442: 427: 407: 385: 380: 376: 366: 344: 333: 327: 321: 319: 309: 299: 297:(as white). 294: 290: 286: 268: 266: 231: 222: 216: 204: 196:Ku Klux Klan 181: 172: 158: 152: 131: 126: 112: 92: 87: 44:black person 34: 33: 31: 6626:White pride 6488:White trash 6473:Poor Whites 6397:White guilt 6256:New Zealand 6144:Puerto Rico 6099:Los Angeles 6045:El Salvador 5881:by location 5679:Anti-racism 5420:Middle East 5314:South Korea 5309:North Korea 5224:Hate speech 5146:Substantive 5126:Neocolonial 4933:Melting pot 4843:Mixed-blood 4732:Luso-Asians 4726:Luk khrueng 4600:Multiracial 4394:Vanity Fair 4079:January 19, 4051:January 19, 3788:January 28, 3650:October 30, 3510:Los Angeles 3489:January 12, 3363:November 3, 3281:January 24, 3225:January 24, 3157:January 24, 2973:(1): 7–10. 2816:December 5, 2783:January 24, 2403:November 7, 2270:January 24, 2106:Individuals 2070:Martina Big 1892:The sitcom 1827:documentary 1789:Phil Morris 1759:Les Nessman 1688:Vietnam War 1610:Philip Roth 1425:Clark Gable 1367:1959 remake 1247:Philip Roth 1217:Danzy Senna 1153:Ray Sprigle 1018:Kate Chopin 984:August 2024 921:during the 917:set in the 807:death camps 693:Los Angeles 373:portmanteau 369:Pretendians 343:writer for 306:Connecticut 250:hate crimes 182:During the 153:During the 115:hypodescent 6676:Categories 6589:Quebeckers 6575:Old Stock 6354:White gods 6093:California 6022:Costa Rica 5558:Vietnamese 5331:Arab world 5229:Hate group 5219:Hate crime 5156:Xenophobia 5136:Scientific 5121:Linguistic 4698:Dutch Indo 4665:Eurasians 4615:Afro-Asian 4522:1811/70462 3594:January 2, 3563:January 2, 3256:October 9, 3007:. 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