1762:, vol. 1 pt. 1, p. 289. All these sources say that Anacletus II promoted him to the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, and that no later than 1132 he joined the obedience of Innocent II, who annulled this promotion. Klewitz, p. 219 note 38 explicitly denies this statement and counts him among Innocentine cardinals. Bloch, p. 950 note 2 says that he "almost certainly" belonged to Innocentine party and suggests that he may have been absent from the election. HĂŒls, pp. 228â229 says only in general that during the subsequent schism he supported Innocent II and adds that some authors mention his short episode in the obedience of Anacletus II. Cardinal Stefano of S. Lucia is attested in the obedience of Innocent II only from June 25, 1132 (JaffĂ©, p. 841); therefore, his identification with Anacletan Cardinal Stefano of S. Lorenzo in Damaso (attested only in 1130) seems to be quite likely.
94:
3444:
1550:
1337:
1971:, gives February 1130. Brixius, pp. 77–78, suggests the date between February 21 and March 27, because cardinal Giovanni Dauferio still appears in this letter as deacon of S. Nicola, while on March 27 he signed the bull as priest of S. Pudenziana. Bloch, p. 949 indicates that the letter was written in May 1130 and puts into question the identity of Giovanni Dauferio of S. Nicola with Giovanni of S. Pudenziana; however, he does not explain the absence of the name of Giovanni of S. Pudenziana from the letter to king Lothair III.
2000:
were subscribed by cardinal Matteo of S. Vitale. However, Jaffé, p. 911-912 does not mention this cardinal on the list of subscribers of the bulls of
Anacletus. It seems that Brixius misread this list, because in Jaffé, p. 912 there is a cardinal-priest Matteo listed next to Lectifredo of S. Vitale as subscriber of the bulls on December 5 and 10, 1130, but he is certainly not assigned to the title of S. Vitale, but listed as cardinal-priest without the title. Both these bulls (Jaffé, p. 917 no. 8417 and 8419) are published in
1539:
1669:
only that he appears for the first time on
February 14, 1130 among signatories of the electoral decree of Anacletus but does not indicate by which pope he had been created; Brixius, p. 35 no. 19 lists him among the members of the Sacred College on the death of Honorius II but adds that he may have been created by Anacletus II). Brixius, p. 39 no. 38 lists also the 44th cardinal, Petrus, priest of S. Eusebio and adherent of Anacletus II, but see Klewitz, pp. 211â212 note 3, and Brixiusâ own remarks,
1253:
3574:
3393:
1245:
Worms (1122), which established peace with the
Emperor. Out of nineteen cardinals created before 1122, only five supported the Chancellor, while out of twenty four appointed from that time onwards as many as fourteen. The other possible reasons for such radical tensions in the College (e.g. national divisions, connections to different spiritual centres) are widely discussed by historians without final conclusion.
3472:
3540:
3432:
3420:
3557:
3523:
1572:, which means that Anacletus took the advantage in the city from the very beginning. Almost all Roman aristocracy (with the significant exception of the Frangipani family), the majority of the lesser clergy and the people of Rome recognized Anacletus II and at the end of May Innocent II had to flee to France. After his defection to France even the Frangipani submitted to Anacletus.
3591:
3506:
3489:
1626:, who had received the crown from Anacletus in exchange for support, stood at his side to the very end. Although Anacletus II was able to retain the control of the city of Rome and the Patrimony of St. Peter until his death in January 1138, his successor quickly made his submission to Innocent II, who is now regarded as true Pope.
1989:
Bloch, p. 49; and
Brixius, pp. 18–19 (Brixius indicates that only four cardinal-deacons were newly created, while Bloch says that as many as seven cardinals belonged to that category, adding Enrico of S. Prisca and probably Stefano of S. Lorenzo, though without mentioning the name of the latter
1726:
This identification, though accepted by
Brixius, p. 32 no. 8, and Klewitz, p. 214, is impossible because Comes of S. Maria in Aquiro subscribed papal bulls until February 6, 1126 (HĂŒls, p. 231; JaffĂ©, p. 823), while Comes of S. Sabina appears for the first time on April 15, 1123 (HĂŒls, p. 205, JaffĂ©,
1601:
had to play the preeminent role in the election. Their opponents answered with another version of the decree (false, but very popular at the time), which stated that the pope was elected by "cardinals" (meaning cardinal-priests and deacons), while cardinal-bishops could only express their approval or
1999:
He is attested in the obedience of
Innocent II from December 21, 1133 until May 18, 1140 (Jaffé, p. 840; Brixius, p. 36 no. 27). According to Brixius, p. 36 no. 27 and p. 48 no. 10, Lectifredo was deposed by Anacletus already in 1130, because on December 5 and December 10, 1130 the bulls of Antipope
1327:
early in the morning on
February 14. His election was almost immediately recognized by six other cardinals: two bishops (Giovanni of Ostia and Mathieu of Albano) and four priests (Joselmo of S. Cecilia, Petrus of S. Anastasia and Giovanni of S. Crisogono; the identity of the fourth one is uncertain,
1322:
would prevent it from functioning. But
Aymeric ignored this fact and the commission assembled with six members only. Despite the protests of Cardinal Pietro Pisano, who was a distinguished canonist, the committee elected one of its members, Cardinal Gregorio Papareschi of S. Angelo, who accepted the
1771:
For the absence of Gilles of
Tusculum, Guido of Tivoli, Amico and Oderisio see Bloch, p. 949 and p. 950 note 2. For the legation of Uberto see Klewitz, pp. 224 and 250, and HĂŒls, p. 162. For the legation of Rustico, see HĂŒls, p. 158. The absence of Oderisio, Rustico and Guido of Tivoli is mentioned
1668:
The
College of Cardinals is reconstructed according to Klewitz, p. 211–229; HĂŒls, pp. 84 ff; and Brixius, pp. 17–19, 31–40. The one disputed cardinal is Enrico of S. Prisca (Klewitz, p. 211 note 3 denies that he was already a cardinal at the time of the election; HĂŒls, p. 200 says
192:
The opposite faction was headed by Aymeric de la Chatre, who was named cardinal and chancellor of the Holy See shortly after signing the Concordat of Worms and was one of the main architects of the new policy. He and his adherents looked at the compromise as a good solution both for the Church and
1736:
This is according to Klewitz, p. 211 note 3, and Bloch, p. 948. However, it is rather unlikely because Enrico of S. Prisca signed as cardinal the electoral decree of Anacletus on February 14, the same day that Anacletus had been elected, which would mean that he must have been created immediately
1317:
Honorius II died in the night 13/14 February 1130 in the Roman monastery of S. Gregorio, after a long illness. Cardinal Aymeric arranged a hasty burial there and immediately called the members of the committee to the monastery to proceed for the election of a new pope. But Cardinals Pierleoni and
1704:
Klewitz, p. 217, and Brixius, p. 39 no. 42, count Sigizo among the creations of Paschalis II. HĂŒls, p. 64 and 86, indicates that he was created only by Callixtus II in 1120, basing on his place in the order of seniority that can be assumed from the order of the cardinalatial subscriptions on the
1244:
One of the undeniable aspects of that division is that the Anacletans were mainly senior cardinals, veterans of the investiture controversy, created either by Paschalis II or early in the pontificate of Callixtus II, while Innocentine cardinals with few exceptions were created after Concordat of
1529:
Stefano Stornato joined the obedience of Innocent II no later than 1132; Lectifredo of S. Vitale and Giovanni Dauferio did the same in 1133, Pietro Pisano in 1137, and Desiderio of S. Prassede shortly before the end of the schism in 1138. It seems that ca. 1135 Comes of S. Sabina also abandoned
1368:
It is not known whether the remaining five adherents of Pierleoni, who are believed to have been present at Rome, participated in the electoral proceedings. There is no doubt, however, that the lesser clergy of Rome was represented in the election. The electoral decree of Anacletus II bears the
1344:
The majority of the cardinals, however, did not recognize Innocent II under the influence of Pietro Pisano, who, as a distinguished canonist, declared that his election was invalid. On February 14 in the morning the opponents of Aymeric and his candidate assembled under the leadership of Pietro
1799:
The division of the College of Cardinals based on accounts in Klewitz, pp. 211–229, and Brixius, pp. 17–19 with corrections concerning the date of creation of Comes of S. Sabina. The question of the cardinalate of Enrico of S. Prisca and the initial attitude of Stefano Stornato is
1673:, pp. 18–19 and 82. Chroust, p. 352, also says that Petrus of S. Eusebio belonged to the College at the time of the election and identifies him with cardinal-deacon Petrus of S. Maria in Via Lata under Honorius II, but this identification is undoubtedly erroneous (see HĂŒls, p. 239).
1596:
in 1059, but both sides defended the legality of the respective pontificates. The adherents of Anacletus argued that he was elected by the majority of the cardinals, lower clergy and the people of Rome. The partisans of Innocent II answered that Innocent II was elected by majority of the
1248:
In the elected committee the party of Aymeric had 5 members out 8. This was due to the way of their election â each of the three cardinalatial orders had to elect their own representatives. Although adherents of Aymeric were in the minority in the whole College, they had a majority among
1396:
The obedience of Anacletus II may be reconstructed basing on the letter addressed to king Lothair III of Germany by his cardinals soon after his coronation. This letter bears the subscriptions of 27 cardinals, including five created by Anacletus II on February 21, a Friday of the
2045:
He subscribed the bulls of Innocent II only after the end of the schism in 1138, but already ca. 1135/37 Anacletus II appointed new cardinal-priest of S. Sabina, which indicates that up to that time Comes must have been deposed by antipope (Brixius, p. 32 no. 8 and p. 47 no.
1360:
Priests Gregorio de Ceccano of SS. Apostoli, Saxo of S. Stefano, Pietro of S. Marcello, Comes of S. Sabina, Gregorio of S. Balbina, Crescenzio of SS. Marcellino e Pietro, Lectifredo of S. Vitale, Pietro Pisano of S. Susanna, Matteo of S. Pietro in Vincoli and Enrico of S.
200:
In the last weeks of the lifetime of Pope Honorius II the cardinals, fearing the possible schism, made an agreement that the new pope would be elected by the commission of eight of them, including two cardinal-bishops, three cardinal-priests and three cardinal-deacons.
193:
the Emperor, and did not trust the Norman vassals of the Holy See, who expressed some expansionist tendencies. It seems that at least some major representatives of this faction had strong connections to the "new spirituality", meaning the new religious orders such as
1613:
Decisive for the verdict about the legality of both pontificates were not the legal arguments, but the attitude of the Catholic world, which had almost universally recognized Innocent II. His main supporters were Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux, Archbishop of Magdeburg
1349:
to elect the new Pope. Initially, Cardinal Pierleoni proposed the election of the Dean of the College Pietro Senex of Porto, but he refused to accept the papal dignity. Then the cardinals unanimously elected Pierleoni himself, who took the name of Anacletus II.
1392:
mentions the names of 16 cardinals who supported Innocent II from the very beginning. To them should be added two other cardinals (Guido of Tivoli and Rustico of S. Ciriaco), whose attitude is attested by the fact that they subscribed the bulls of Innocent
1579:. Under Bernardâs influence, almost all European monarchs and episcopates recognized the exiled Innocent II. Anacletus II, although he controlled Rome and the Patrimony of St. Peter, received the support only of the Normans of southern Italy,
1800:
presented according to Brixius, while that of cardinalate of Pietro of S. Eusebio according to Klewitz. See also Bloch, pp. 946–950, who essentially follows Klewitz. For the party of Anacletus II see also Chroust, pp. 348–355
2017:
He subscribed the bulls of Innocent II on December 21, 1133 and January 11, 1134 as deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere (JaffĂ©, p. 841); later, he was promoted again to the title of S. Pudenziana by Innocent II (Brixius, p. 35–36 no.
2316:
1240:
The parties of the College of Cardinals were of different sizes. The party of Aymeric was smaller, with 19 members, while that of his opponents 24, but the party of the Chancellor was certainly better organized.
2345:
1872:
Bloch, p. 946, who does not identify the fourth cardinal-priest. Gerardo of S. Croce seems to be the most likely one because he was named legate of Innocent II in Germany already on February 18, see
2951:
2183:
Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien ĂŒber die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in SĂŒditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums
2277:
1956:
2338:
1249:
cardinal-bishops and cardinal-deacons, while their opponents were mainly cardinal-priests. Therefore, the faction of the Chancellor acquired a majority in the electoral body
2967:
2331:
3563:
1737:
after his election. It is not impossible, but it seems more reasonable to accept the year 1129 as date of his creation as cardinal of S. Prisca, given by S. Miranda
2830:
2814:
2250:
2209:
3247:
3231:
3199:
3183:
3167:
3151:
1564:
Both popes were consecrated and crowned on the same day, February 23. Innocent II received episcopal consecration from Cardinal Giovanni of Ostia in the church
3279:
3263:
3215:
146:. Although Anacletus had the support of the majority of the cardinals, the Catholic Church considers Innocent II as the legitimate Pope, and Anacletus II as
1310:
3374:
3364:
1741:
and by Chroust, p. 351 (his predecessor Gerardus of S. Prisca died in April 1129). It must be added, however, that his identification with Cardinal-Deacon
1385:
The double election resulted with the open split of the College of Cardinals into two parties. Their compositions can be established in the following way:
1256:
The church of S. Maria Nuova (today S. Francesca Romana) — the titular deaconry of chancellor Aymeric and the place of consecration of Innocent II
3648:
2283:
2065:
1953:
2923:
3643:
1353:
It is not known how many cardinals elected Anacletus II. The decree proclaiming his election issued on the same day was subscribed by 14 cardinals:
3460:
2169:
2944:
2070:. Genealogie Mittelalter. Mittelalterliche Genealogie im Deutschen Reich bis zum Ende der Staufer. Materialsammlung. 2005. Archived from
987:
213:
had probably 43 (or 42) members in February 1130. It seems that no more than 37 (36) were present at Rome on the death of Honorius II:
1713:; however, it has been proven that this account contains several inaccuracies (HĂŒls, pp. 63–64, see also Klewitz's own remarks,
1405:
Therefore, at the beginning of the schism 18 cardinals belonged to the College of Innocent II, and 28 to the College of Anacletus II.
3633:
2148:
1318:
Gionata, realising that the commission certainly would elect a supporter of the Chancellor, withdrew from it hoping that a lack of
1790:
Robinson, pp. 74–75 suggests that the opponents of the Chancellor formed themselves into one party only during the election.
3638:
1373:, who was appointed Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro the following February 21, and Rainiero, Archpriest of the Patriarchal
258:
3618:
2223:
2027:
Robinson, p. 138. He subscribed the bulls of Innocent II from January 12, 1138 (Brixius, p. 38–39 no. 37; JaffĂ©, p. 840).
1606:
rule, which stated that in the case of a double election for abbot, the valid election was the one made by "the sounder part" (
93:
1931:
2916:
2807:
2611:
840:
3410:
3116:
3095:
3088:
3011:
2895:
2867:
2846:
2674:
2667:
2646:
2639:
2625:
2590:
2583:
2520:
3240:
2823:
2597:
2513:
2366:
2036:
He subscribed the bulls of Innocent II between April 22, 1138 and June 21, 1138 (Brixius, p. 33 no. 10; Jaffé, p. 840)
1549:
1401:. To them should be added also cardinal Oderisio of S. Agata, who later subscribed the bulls issued by Anacletus II.
181:, and inclined to accept it only as a tactical move. They supported the traditional alliance of the Papacy with the
3512:
3224:
2140:
1328:
but most probably it was Gerardo of S. Croce). In a short time they were joined also by the next eight cardinals.
3344:
2874:
1745:
of S. Teodoro, proposed by Chroust, p. 351, is certainly erroneous, as has been proved by Klewitz, p. 211 note 3.
468:
412:
394:
3623:
3396:
3354:
2604:
1622:. The few secular lords who had initially supported Anacletus gradually abandoned his cause as lost; only King
1538:
1089:
3580:
1943:
Brixius, p. 17–18; and Bloch, p. 950 note 2, who adds here also Stefano Stornato; see also JaffĂ©, p. 840
1568:, the titular deaconry of Chancellor Aymeric. Anacletus II was consecrated by Cardinal Pietro of Porto in the
1505:
22. Giovanni Dauferio, deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere (appointed priest of S. Pudenziana probably on March 22)
1336:
265:
3628:
2960:
2881:
2354:
1507:
23. Stefano Stornato, deacon of S. Lucia in Orthea (appointed priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso on February 21)
674:
Several sources erroneously identify him with Cardinal-Deacon Comes of S. Maria in Aquiro (1116–1126)
540:
189:. One of their leaders was Cardinal Pierleoni, representative of one of the most powerful families of Rome.
170:
142:, but the rest of them refused to recognize him and elected Cardinal Pietro Pierleoni, who took the name of
3495:
2071:
1963:. Its exact date is uncertain, though undoubtedly after the creation of five new cardinals on February 21.
313:
3334:
1619:
1565:
968:
531:
368:
135:
131:
3314:
1226:
419:
926:
1742:
1501:
20. Gionata, deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano (appointed priest of S. Maria in Trastevere on February 21)
1309:
1252:
994:
2744:
1710:
1610:) of the electors â but there was no consensus which part of the College was "sounder" in this case.
1576:
1542:
1260:
The following cardinals were elected to the committee (the opponents of Aymeric are denoted with â ):
1015:
273:
210:
154:
576:
197:. Besides, they were allied with the Roman family of Frangipani, opponents of the Pierleoni family.
3448:
3436:
3272:
3256:
3208:
3192:
3176:
3160:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3109:
3102:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2937:
2930:
2909:
2902:
2888:
2860:
2853:
2839:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2660:
2653:
2632:
2618:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
1364:
Deacons Gregorio of S. Eustachio, Gionata of SS. Cosma e Damiano and Angelo of S. Maria in Domnica.
885:
108:
103:
2008:, without the titular church, so Brixius' statement can be almost certainly rejected as erroneous.
3424:
2260:
2244:
2203:
1706:
1623:
1389:
1207:
1175:
1098:
360:
340:
185:
in southern Italy. Some of them were connected to old monastic centers in Southern Italy such as
166:
2225:
Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Vol. I
2165:
2144:
1754:
This is according to Brixius, pp. 39–40 no. 43; Chroust, pp. 351â352; Salvador Miranda:
1615:
1587:, some cities in northern Italy (incl. Milan), and perhaps Outremer and probably also Poland.
1374:
1157:
1054:
1036:
947:
489:
289:
162:
1590:
Both elections were irregular, because they contradicted the rules established by the decree
2219:
1598:
1592:
1569:
1346:
1324:
1199:
1120:
858:
836:
555:
348:
298:
178:
139:
123:
79:
1759:
1412:, and the Anacletan, who did not subscribe the letter to king Lothair, are denoted with â .
1960:
1717:, p. 100). Bloch, p. 950, note 3, seems to accept that Sigizo was created by Paschalis II.
510:
325:
247:
2084:
The allegation of Polandâs support for Anacletus is based on indirect evidence only, see
1295:
Aymeric de la Chatre, C.R.S.M.R., Deacon of S. Maria Nuova and Chancellor of the Holy See
2264:
2001:
1873:
1827:
It is believed that the committee itself was a device of the Chancellor. Robinson, p. 74
2373:
1557:
1135:
617:
446:
194:
174:
127:
3612:
3546:
3304:
1932:
Documenta Catholica Omnia â Innocentius II (Vita Operaque Auctore Cardinali Aragonio)
3529:
2229:
17:
438:
239:
186:
143:
66:
2193:
1755:
3324:
2323:
1876:, col. 53â54 no. IâII. The other possibility is Anselmo of S. Lorenzo in Lucina.
1603:
828:
385:
317:
3419:
173:. Several, particularly older, cardinals considered the compromise achieved in
2004:, col. 717â719, though with inaccurate dates; among their signatories appears
1398:
2116:
3431:
1584:
1980:
For the dates of creations of the new cardinals see Brixius, Pp. 7–15
1738:
1580:
1553:
158:
147:
3597:
182:
1695:
Volume IV (Macerata: Alessandro Mancini 1859), pp. 258â264, at p. 262.
2164:(in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom.
1575:
In France, however, Innocent II found a strong ally in the person of
1545:, the main contributor to Innocent's victory in the subsequent schism
1440:
8. Gerardo Caccianemici, C.R.S.F., priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme
1319:
3478:
2097:
For the arguments used in the polemics, see Robinson, p. 75–77
153:
The double election was a result of the growing tensions inside the
1756:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistory of 1125 (no. 5)
1705:
papal bulls. The only evidence for his creation by Paschalis II is
2317:
Mitteilungen des Instituts fĂŒr österreichische Geschichtsforschung
1548:
1537:
1335:
1308:
1251:
808:
Several sources indicate that he was created only by Anacletus II
1278:
Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B.Cluny, Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere â
3365:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis
1340:
Basilica of S. Marco, the place of the election of Anacletus II.
1323:
election and took the name Innocent II. He was enthroned in the
51:
2327:
3454:
1369:
subscriptions of some of them, including Subdeacon Gregorio,
1292:
Gregorio Papareschi, C.R.L., Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria
1289:
Cardinal-Deacons (two adherents and one opponent of Aymeric)
1275:
Cardinal-Priests (two opponents and one adherent of Aymeric)
1483:
11. Crescenzio di Anagni, priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro
2279:
Regesta Imperii â Lothar III. und Ăltere Staufer 1125â1197
2282:(in German). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Archived from
1760:
Memorie storiche de' Cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa
1682:
Dates of promotions based mainly on HĂŒls, p. 84–87
1499:
19. Oderisio di Sangro, O.S.B.Cas., deacon of S. Agata â
1479:
9. Sasso deâ Anagni, priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio
1836:
Bloch, p. 947, note 1; Robinson, p. 74; Klewitz, p. 252
1460:
18. Guido del Castello, deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata
1477:
8. Amico, O.S.B.Cas., priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo
3408:
2137:
The Papacy 1073–1198. Continuity and Innovation
1438:
7. Pietro Ruffino, priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino
1428:
2. Giovanni of Camaldoli, O.S.B.Cam., bishop of Ostia
1930:
The account from Liber Pontificalis is available on
1408:
The Innocentine cardinals, who are not mentioned by
1305:
Death of Honorius II and the election of Innocent II
3291:
2384:
2302:
Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130â1181
2162:
KardinĂ€le, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130
1465:
2. Gilles de Paris, O.S.B.Cluny, bishop of Tusculum
1454:
15. Gregorio Tarquini, deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco
122:(held February 14) was convoked after the death of
72:
62:
57:
42:
32:
2276:Böhmer, Johann Friedrich; Petke, Wolfgang (1994).
1469:4. Gregorio de Ceccano, priest of SS. XII Apostoli
405:ca. 1102 (deposed 1112, reinstated in March 1123)
1456:16. Aymeric, C.R.S.M.R., deacon of S. Maria Nuova
1284:Pietro Ruffino, Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino
1602:disapproval. Both parties used, by analogy, the
2185:(in German). Hermann Gentner Verlag, Darmstadt.
1967:gives the date of May 15–18, 1130. HĂŒls,
1709:, which mentions him among the participants of
1597:cardinal-bishops, who according to the decree
1063:Probably six cardinals were absent from Rome:
2339:
8:
2088:, ed. A. Wiencek, KrakĂłw 2008, p. 68 and 74.
1519:3. Hermann, deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria
1497:18. Gregorio, O.S.B., deacon of S. Eustachio
1491:15. Alderico, priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo
1436:6. Giovanni Cremense, priest of S. Crisogono
1264:Cardinal-Bishops (two adherents of Aymeric)
1781:or 23, if one excludes Enrico of S. Prisca.
1693:Delle opere di monsignor Francesco Liverani
1521:4. Silvio, deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio
1511:New cardinals elevated on February 21, 1130
1446:11. Anselmo, priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina
1442:9. Uberto Lanfranchi, priest of S. Clemente
2346:
2332:
2324:
2249:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2208:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2195:MONTE CASSINO IN THE MIDDLE AGES VOLUME II
1487:13. Matteo, priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli
1432:4. Corrado della Suburra, bishop of Sabina
1430:3. Matthieu, O.S.B.Cluny, bishop of Albano
1414:
1065:
408:Paschalis II (reinstated by Callixtus II)
215:
1517:2. Gregorio, deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro
1503:21. Angelo, deacon of S. Maria in Domnica
1458:17. Alberto Teodoli, deacon of S. Teodoro
1452:14. Romano, deacon of S. Maria in Portico
593:Committee member; nephew of Paschalis II
1298:Gionata, Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano â
3467:
3415:
2320:, vol. 28, 1907, pp. 348–355
2121:. The Catholic Encyclopedia. 1907â1914.
1634:
1556:, main ally of Anacletus II, was named
1270:Corrado della Suburra, Bishop of Sabina
2242:
2201:
1739:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1473:6. Pietro Pisano, priest of S. Susanna
635:Future Pope Lucius II (1144–45)
177:as desertion of the principles of the
29:
2376:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
1281:Pietro Pisano, Priest of S. Susanna â
7:
1381:Division of the College of Cardinals
2300:Brixius, Johannes Matthias (1912).
2228:(in Latin). Leipzig. Archived from
1493:16. Lectifredo, priest of S. Vitale
1475:7. Desiderio, priest of S. Prassede
1450:13. Rustico, priest of S. Ciriaco â
988:Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
518:Priest of S. Stefano in Celiomonte
2006:Matthaeus, presbiter et cardinalis
1990:one); see also JaffĂ©, pp. 911â912.
1489:14. Gregorio, priest of S. Balbina
1444:10. Pierre, priest of S. Anastasia
1426:1. Guillaume, bishop of Palestrina
626:Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme
584:Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino
25:
1485:12. Pietro, priest of S. Marcello
1463:1. Pietro Senex, bishop of Porto
1448:12. Joselmo, priest of S. Cecilia
1152:Abbot of S. Vincenzo al Volturno
848:Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria
428:Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere
138:, elected Gregorio Papareschi as
3649:12th century in the Papal States
3589:
3572:
3555:
3538:
3521:
3504:
3487:
3470:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3392:
3391:
2304:(in German). Berlin: R. Trenkel.
2139:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks.
1523:5. Romano, deacon of S. Adriano
1467:3. Bonifazio, priest of S. Marco
1143:Priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo
259:Dean of the College of Cardinals
92:
3644:Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
1921:Chroust, pp. 349–350, 352
1515:1. Pietro, priest of S. Eusebio
1495:17. Enrico, priest of S. Prisca
1267:Guillaume, Bishop of Palestrina
1044:Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata
934:Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere
742:Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina
704:Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo
646:Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli
569:Paschalis II (or Callixtus II)
437:Committee member; elected Pope
2266:Patrologia Latina. Volumen 179
2002:Patrologia Latina. Volumen 179
1874:Patrologia Latina. Volumen 179
1854:Bloch, p. 946; Robinson, p. 75
1809:See Robinson, pp. 70–73.
1659:Robinson, p. 74; Bloch, p. 946
1481:10. Sigizo, priest of S. Sisto
1202:; papal legate in Upper Italy
1174:Papal legate in Spain; future
913:Deacon of S. Maria in Domnica
893:Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano
872:Deacon of S. Maria in Portico
1:
2355:Papal elections and conclaves
2269:(in Latin). Internet Archive.
2181:Klewitz, Hans-Walter (1957).
2135:Robinson, Ian Stuart (1990).
1471:5. Comes, priest of S. Sabina
1357:Bishop Pietro Senex of Porto,
1236:Preparations for the election
1002:Deacon of S. Lucia in Orthea
955:Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco
157:concerning the policy of the
134:, led by Cardinal-Chancellor
1560:in exchange for this support
1434:5. Guido, bishop of Tivoli â
1371:primicerius scholae cantorum
1332:The election of Anacletus II
27:Election of Pope Innocent II
2367:Papal selection before 1059
1345:Pierleoni in the church of
402:Priest of SS. XII Apostoli
3665:
2312:Das Wahldekret Anaklets II
2141:Cambridge University Press
1952:The letter is included in
1424:
1421:Obedience of Anacletus II
1205:
1181:
1155:
1133:
1112:
1087:
1034:
1013:
992:
966:
945:
924:
905:
883:
864:
857:Committee member; elected
834:
811:
791:
772:
753:
734:
715:
696:
677:
657:
638:
615:
596:
574:
553:
529:
508:
487:
466:
444:
417:
392:
366:
338:
311:
287:
263:
237:
50:monastery of S. Gregorio,
3386:
3345:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2361:
1934:. See also Brixius, p. 17
1650:Robinson, pp. 71–73
1641:Robinson, pp. 71–72
1418:Obedience of Innocent II
1109:Papal legate in Outremer
977:Deacon of S. Maria Nuova
413:Antipope Victor IV (1138)
359:Committee member; future
227:
224:
126:and resulted in a double
100:
91:
77:
47:
3634:12th-century Catholicism
3355:Universi Dominici gregis
2086:Dzieje KoĆcioĆa w Polsce
1758:; and Lorenzo Cardella,
169:(1122), which ended the
3639:Schisms in Christianity
2192:Bloch, Herbert (1986).
2055:Bloch, p. 951–952
1772:also by Brixius, p. 19.
1420:
1417:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
819:Deacon of S. Eustachio
723:Priest of S. Anastasia
541:SS. Marcellino e Pietro
497:Priest of S. Crisogono
233:
230:
221:
218:
171:investiture controversy
3619:12th-century elections
3335:Ingravescentem aetatem
1620:Lothair III of Germany
1561:
1546:
1341:
1314:
1257:
1165:Priest of S. Clemente
604:Priest of S. Marcello
476:Priest of S. Prassede
3459:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3315:Aeterni Patris Filius
2924:OctoberâDecember 1590
2160:HĂŒls, Rudolf (1977).
1552:
1541:
1339:
1312:
1255:
1227:Abbot of Montecassino
1189:Priest of S. Ciriaco
1023:Deacon of S. Teodoro
780:Priest of S. Cecilia
685:Priest of S. Balbina
454:Priest of S. Susanna
341:Corrado della Suburra
314:Giovanni of Camaldoli
1711:papal election, 1118
1691:Francesco Liverani,
1577:Bernard of Clairvaux
1543:Bernard of Clairvaux
1075:Cardinalatial Title
969:Aymeric de la Chatre
799:Priest of S. Prisca
761:Priest of S. Vitale
665:Priest of S. Sabina
618:Gerardo Caccianemici
532:Crescenzio di Anagni
274:Bishop of Palestrina
225:Cardinalatial Title
211:College of Cardinals
155:College of Cardinals
136:Aymeric de la Chatre
18:Papal election, 1130
3457:1130 papal election
2261:Migne, Jacques Paul
1216:Deacon of S. Agata
837:Gregorio Papareschi
563:Priest of S. Sisto
395:Gregorio de Ceccano
376:Priest of S. Marco
165:, initiated by the
120:1130 papal election
80:Gregorio Papareschi
1959:2017-05-28 at the
1707:Liber Pontificalis
1624:Roger II of Sicily
1562:
1547:
1410:Liber Pontificalis
1390:Liber Pontificalis
1342:
1315:
1258:
1208:Oderisio de Sangro
1198:Archpriest of the
1176:Archbishop of Pisa
1099:Bishop of Tusculum
1037:Guido del Castello
986:Committee member;
886:Ionathas (Gionata)
361:Pope Anastasius IV
167:Concordat of Worms
43:Dates and location
3406:
3405:
2171:978-3-484-80071-7
1616:Norbert of Xanten
1527:
1526:
1375:Liberian Basilica
1313:Pope Honorius II.
1233:
1232:
1158:Uberto Lanfranchi
1136:Amico, O.S.B.Cas.
1061:
1060:
1055:Pope Celestine II
948:Gregorio Tarquini
927:Giovanni Dauferio
902:Committee member
813:Gregorio, O.S.B.
490:Giovanni Cremense
463:Committee member
387:prior cardinalium
284:Committee member
163:Holy Roman Empire
116:
115:
38:
16:(Redirected from
3656:
3602:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3584:from Wikiversity
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3399:
3395:
3394:
3379:
3375:Normas nonnullas
3369:
3359:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3282:
3275:
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3250:
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3014:
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3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
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2963:
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2945:MarchâApril 1605
2940:
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2607:
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2593:
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2305:
2294:
2292:
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2240:
2238:
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2207:
2199:
2186:
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2076:
2075:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
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1864:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:Klewitz, p. 251.
1816:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1752:
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1743:Enrico de Mazara
1734:
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1696:
1689:
1683:
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1674:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1599:In Nomine Domini
1593:In Nomine Domini
1570:Vatican Basilica
1415:
1325:Lateran Basilica
1200:Vatican Basilica
1121:Bishop of Tivoli
1066:
995:Stefano Stornato
859:Pope Innocent II
805:Honorius II (?)
441:(1130–38)
420:Pietro Pierleoni
349:Bishop of Sabina
299:Bishop of Albano
216:
179:Gregorian Reform
140:Pope Innocent II
124:Pope Honorius II
96:
48:14 February 1130
37:
30:
21:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3624:Papal elections
3609:
3608:
3605:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3550:from Wikisource
3544:
3539:
3537:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3482:from Wiktionary
3476:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3462:sister projects
3461:
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2310:Anton Chroust,
2299:
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2200:
2191:
2180:
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2134:
2131:
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2115:
2114:
2110:
2106:Robinson, p. 77
2105:
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1984:
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1965:Regesta Imperii
1961:Wayback Machine
1954:Regesta Imperii
1951:
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1942:
1938:
1929:
1925:
1920:
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1911:
1907:
1903:Chroust, p. 349
1902:
1898:
1894:Robinson, p. 75
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1863:Robinson, p. 75
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:Robinson, p. 75
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1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1383:
1334:
1307:
1238:
1090:Gilles of Paris
1026:September 1127
1016:Alberto Teodoli
511:Saxo de Anagnia
326:Bishop of Ostia
248:Bishop of Porto
207:
112:
106:
83:
49:
36:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:1130 in Europe
3626:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3586:
3569:
3567:from Wikibooks
3552:
3535:
3533:from Wikiquote
3518:
3501:
3484:
3455:
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2987:
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2917:September 1590
2913:
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2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
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2836:
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2808:September 1503
2804:
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2671:
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2612:September 1276
2608:
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2374:Papal conclave
2370:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2272:
2271:
2256:
2255:
2220:Jaffé, Philipp
2215:
2214:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2077:
2074:on 2011-06-29.
2057:
2048:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2010:
1992:
1982:
1973:
1945:
1936:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1764:
1747:
1729:
1719:
1697:
1684:
1675:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1566:S. Maria Nuova
1558:king of Sicily
1535:
1532:
1530:Anacletus II.
1525:
1524:
1461:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1382:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1333:
1330:
1306:
1303:
1302:
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1300:
1299:
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1279:
1273:
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1271:
1268:
1237:
1234:
1231:
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1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1092:, O.S.B.Cluny
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:Anacletan (?)
997:
991:
990:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
965:
964:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
944:
943:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
923:
922:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
896:December 1120
894:
891:
888:
882:
881:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
863:
862:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
833:
832:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
790:
789:
787:
784:
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771:
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765:
762:
759:
756:
752:
751:
749:
746:
743:
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737:
733:
732:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
714:
713:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
695:
694:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
656:
655:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
614:
613:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
577:Pietro Ruffino
573:
572:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
552:
551:
549:
546:
543:
537:
534:
528:
527:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
507:
506:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
486:
485:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
465:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
447:Petrus Pisanus
443:
442:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
422:, O.S.B.Cluny
416:
415:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
391:
390:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
365:
364:
357:
354:
351:
346:
343:
337:
336:
334:
331:
330:December 1126
328:
323:
320:
310:
309:
307:
304:
303:December 1126
301:
296:
293:
292:, O.S.B.Cluny
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
271:
268:
262:
261:
256:
253:
250:
245:
242:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
206:
203:
195:regular canons
130:. Part of the
114:
113:
107:
101:
98:
97:
89:
88:
75:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
45:
44:
40:
39:
33:Papal election
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3661:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3607:
3601:from Wikidata
3600:
3599:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3516:from Wikinews
3515:
3514:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3305:Ubi periculum
3301:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
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2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:December 1187
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:Elections and
2383:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2286:on 2017-05-28
2285:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2232:on 2020-10-03
2231:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2150:0-521-31922-6
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1912:Bloch, p. 949
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1885:Bloch, p. 946
1882:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1512:
1462:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1222:Paschalis II
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:, O.S.B.Cas.
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1171:Callixtus II
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1149:Paschalis II
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1128:Callixtus II
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1106:Callixtus II
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
989:
985:
983:Callixtus II
982:
979:
976:
973:
971:, C.R.S.M.R.
970:
967:
963:
961:Callixtus II
960:
957:
954:
951:
949:
946:
942:
940:Callixtus II
939:
936:
933:
930:
928:
925:
921:
919:Callixtus II
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
901:
899:Callixtus II
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
880:
878:Callixtus II
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
860:
856:
854:Paschalis II
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:
838:
835:
830:
827:
825:Paschalis II
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
673:
671:Callixtus II
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
654:
652:Callixtus II
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
634:
632:Callixtus II
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
610:Callixtus II
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
578:
575:
571:
568:
566:1117 or 1120
565:
562:
559:
557:
554:
550:
548:Paschalis II
547:
544:
542:
538:
535:
533:
530:
526:
524:Paschalis II
523:
520:
517:
514:
512:
509:
505:
503:Paschalis II
502:
499:
496:
493:
491:
488:
484:
482:Paschalis II
481:
478:
475:
472:
470:
467:
462:
460:Paschalis II
459:
456:
453:
450:
448:
445:
440:
436:
434:Paschalis II
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
414:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
388:
384:
382:Paschalis II
381:
378:
375:
372:
370:
367:
362:
358:
356:Paschalis II
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
342:
339:
335:
332:
329:
327:
324:
321:
319:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
283:
281:Callixtus II
280:
277:
275:
272:
269:
267:
264:
260:
257:
255:Paschalis II
254:
251:
249:
246:
243:
241:
238:
217:
214:
212:
204:
202:
198:
196:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
110:
105:
99:
95:
90:
87:
82:
81:
76:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:Key officials
56:
53:
46:
41:
31:
19:
3606:
3596:
3579:
3562:
3545:
3528:
3511:
3499:from Commons
3494:
3477:
3456:
3449:Vatican City
3437:Christianity
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3241:October 1978
2824:October 1503
2598:January 1276
2514:October 1187
2450:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:the original
2278:
2265:
2234:. Retrieved
2230:the original
2224:
2194:
2182:
2161:
2136:
2129:Bibliography
2117:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2085:
2080:
2072:the original
2067:Anacletus II
2066:
2060:
2051:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2013:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1948:
1939:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1767:
1750:
1732:
1722:
1714:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1612:
1607:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1563:
1528:
1510:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1384:
1370:
1367:
1352:
1343:
1316:
1259:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1195:Honorius II
1186:Innocentine
1162:Innocentine
1117:Innocentine
1062:
1050:Honorius II
1047:ca. 1128/29
1041:Innocentine
1029:Honorius II
1020:Innocentine
1008:Honorius II
974:Innocentine
952:Innocentine
869:Innocentine
845:Innocentine
822:Before 1110
786:Honorius II
777:Innocentine
767:Honorius II
748:Honorius II
739:Innocentine
729:Honorius II
720:Innocentine
710:Honorius II
691:Honorius II
623:Innocentine
590:Gelasius II
581:Innocentine
500:ca. 1116/17
494:Innocentine
439:Anacletus II
386:
345:Innocentine
333:Honorius II
322:Innocentine
306:Honorius II
295:Innocentine
270:Innocentine
240:Pietro Senex
208:
199:
191:
187:Montecassino
161:towards the
152:
144:Anacletus II
119:
117:
85:
84:Name taken:
78:
73:Elected pope
67:Pietro Senex
3479:Definitions
3425:Catholicism
3325:Cum proxime
3225:August 1978
2118:Innocent II
1608:sanior pars
1604:Benedictine
1168:March 1123
1103:March 1123
980:March 1123
958:March 1123
937:March 1123
916:March 1123
829:Protodeacon
755:Lectifredo
668:March 1123
649:March 1123
629:March 1123
620:, C.R.S.F.
587:March 1118
278:March 1123
86:Innocent II
3613:Categories
3530:Quotations
3296:(selected)
2875:April 1555
2290:2010-11-27
2236:2009-03-03
1630:References
1534:The schism
1399:ember week
1229:(1123â26)
1213:Anacletan
1178:(1133â37)
1140:Anacletan
1095:Anacletan
1057:(1143â44)
931:Anacletan
910:Anacletan
890:Anacletan
861:(1130â43)
816:Anacletan
796:Anacletan
758:Anacletan
701:Anacletan
682:Anacletan
662:Anacletan
643:Anacletan
601:Anacletan
560:Anacletan
539:Priest of
536:Anacletan
515:Anacletan
473:Anacletan
469:Desiderius
451:Anacletan
425:Anacletan
399:Anacletan
373:Anacletan
363:(1153â54)
318:O.S.B.Cam.
244:Anacletan
3581:Resources
3564:Textbooks
3294:documents
3292:Governing
3117:1830â1831
3096:1799â1800
3089:1774â1775
3012:1669â1670
2896:1565â1566
2868:1549â1550
2847:1521â1522
2675:1314â1316
2668:1304â1305
2647:1292â1294
2640:1287â1288
2626:1280â1281
2605:July 1276
2591:1268â1271
2584:1264â1265
2387:conclaves
2245:cite book
2204:cite book
1618:and King
1585:Aquitaine
1125:ca. 1124
1081:Elevator
1078:Elevated
802:1129 (?)
764:ca. 1128
698:Alderico
679:Gregorio
379:ca. 1100
369:Bonifacio
266:Guillaume
231:Elevator
228:Elevated
205:Cardinals
132:cardinals
3397:Category
3280:electors
3264:electors
3248:electors
3232:electors
3216:electors
3200:electors
3184:electors
3168:electors
3152:electors
2968:electors
2961:May 1605
2952:electors
2882:May 1555
2831:electors
2815:electors
2314:, (in:)
2263:(1899).
2222:(1885).
1957:Archived
1727:p. 781).
1715:op. cit.
1671:op. cit.
1581:Scotland
1554:Roger II
1347:S. Marco
1219:1111/12
1183:Rustico
1072:Faction
1069:Elector
851:1115/16
841:C.R.Lat.
783:1128/29
774:Joselmo
745:1127/28
736:Anselmo
457:1112/13
431:1111/12
353:1113/14
290:Matthieu
222:Faction
219:Elector
159:Holy See
148:Antipope
128:election
3411:Portals
2198:. Rome.
1361:Prisca,
1225:Former
1053:Future
907:Angelo
866:Romano
793:Enrico
717:Petrus
640:Matteo
598:Pietro
411:Future
183:Normans
111: â
102:â
3378:(2013)
3368:(2007)
3358:(1996)
3348:(1975)
3338:(1970)
3328:(1922)
3318:(1621)
3308:(1274)
2168:
2147:
1969:passim
1320:quorum
1114:Guido
1084:Notes
659:Comes
556:Sigizo
234:Notes
3547:Texts
3496:Media
1192:1128
1146:1117
1005:1125
875:1119
726:1126
707:1125
688:1125
607:1120
545:1117
521:1117
479:1115
252:1102
175:Worms
3598:Data
3513:News
3273:2013
3257:2005
3209:1963
3193:1958
3177:1939
3161:1922
3145:1914
3138:1903
3131:1878
3124:1846
3110:1829
3103:1823
3082:1769
3075:1758
3068:1740
3061:1730
3054:1724
3047:1721
3040:1700
3033:1691
3026:1689
3019:1676
3005:1667
2998:1655
2991:1644
2984:1623
2977:1621
2938:1592
2931:1591
2910:1585
2903:1572
2889:1559
2861:1534
2854:1523
2840:1513
2801:1492
2794:1484
2787:1471
2780:1464
2773:1458
2766:1455
2759:1447
2752:1431
2745:1417
2738:1406
2731:1404
2724:1389
2717:1378
2710:1370
2703:1362
2696:1352
2689:1342
2682:1334
2661:1303
2654:1294
2633:1285
2619:1277
2577:1261
2570:1254
2563:1243
2556:1241
2549:1227
2542:1216
2535:1198
2528:1191
2507:1185
2500:1181
2493:1159
2486:1154
2479:1153
2472:1145
2465:1144
2458:1143
2451:1130
2444:1124
2437:1119
2430:1118
2423:1099
2416:1088
2409:1086
2402:1073
2395:1061
2251:link
2210:link
2166:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2018:24).
831:(?)
209:The
118:The
109:1143
104:1124
63:Dean
52:Rome
35:1130
2046:2).
1393:II.
3615::
2247:}}
2243:{{
2206:}}
2202:{{
2143:.
1583:,
1377:.
839:,
316:,
150:.
3465::
3413::
2347:e
2340:t
2333:v
2293:.
2253:)
2239:.
2212:)
2174:.
2153:.
1513::
20:)
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