1672:
108:
1733:
280:
1618:
1717:
473:
1803:
1605:
1808:
1813:
427:
1774:
1710:
466:
403:
1703:
1798:
1557:
1528:
459:
107:
1767:
1458:
343:, and was probably a generalised predator, without the specialised adaptations of most later borophagines.
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990:
1793:
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253:
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1818:
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1033:
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102:
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1418:
1408:
1318:
1188:
423:
1744:
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1636:
1348:
1043:
379:
349:
was one of the last of the
Borophaginae and shared its habitat with other canids, including
1204:
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558:
306:
451:
1338:
1328:
1308:
1259:
1064:
764:
544:
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36:
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522:
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159:
119:
86:
334:
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1385:
1234:
1156:
1089:
935:
574:
510:
504:
139:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1740:
1610:
957:
899:
873:
486:
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325:
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169:
91:
66:
1214:
1021:
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340:
149:
129:
1567:
1271:
1246:
387:
have been uncovered throughout most of the western United States.
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1691:
420:
Dogs, Their Fossil
Relatives and Evolutionary History
1524:
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1210:
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1140:
1130:
1105:
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1049:
1039:
1029:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
941:
931:
921:
911:
641:
555:
540:
1580:
1383:
1358:
1269:
1244:
1187:
1154:
1119:
1072:
1063:
1020:
955:
898:
842:
815:
788:
715:
688:
640:
554:
531:
1768:
1711:
467:
8:
418:Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008).
1775:
1761:
1718:
1704:
1568:
1277:
1193:
1184:
1078:
1069:
904:
721:
649:
474:
460:
452:
278:
20:
396:
7:
1729:
1727:
1668:
1666:
324:. It lived from the Middle to Late
1747:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1690:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1804:Miocene mammals of North America
1731:
1670:
106:
1:
1809:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
339:. It was about the size of a
332:, existing for approximately
291:based on fossil distribution
1814:Prehistoric carnivoran stubs
32:Middle Miocene–Late Miocene
1835:
1726:
1665:
1554:
1280:
1196:
1081:
907:
724:
652:
493:
286:
277:
259:
252:
103:Scientific classification
101:
23:
1678:This article related to
422:. Columbia. p. 35.
266:Paratomarctus temerarius
404:Paleobiology Database:
485:members of the family
1645:Paleobiology Database
1260:C. alpinus europaeus
1799:Miocene carnivorans
1682:animals from order
1499:C. l. mogollonensis
1509:C. l. monstrabilis
447:www.sciencemag.org
245:P. temerarius
1756:
1755:
1699:
1698:
1660:
1659:
1632:Open Tree of Life
1574:Taxon identifiers
1565:
1564:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1469:C. l. griseoalbus
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
894:
893:
890:
889:
429:978-0-231-13528-3
295:
294:
233:
1826:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1674:
1667:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1569:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1489:C. l. hodophilax
1486:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1439:C. l. floridanus
1436:
1429:C. l. cristaldii
1426:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1371:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1289:C. apolloniensis
1286:
1278:
1257:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1194:
1185:
1167:
1142:
1132:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1079:
1070:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1008:
998:
988:
978:
968:
943:
933:
923:
913:
905:
722:
650:
643:
557:
542:
476:
469:
462:
453:
434:
433:
415:
409:
401:
380:Canis lepophagus
338:
282:
268:
264:
227:
220:
207:
194:
181:
111:
110:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
16:Genus of mammals
1834:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1725:
1724:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1534:
1409:C. l. beothucus
1379:
1354:
1265:
1240:
1175:
1150:
1145:L. ensenadensis
1115:
1059:
1016:
991:U. minicephalus
951:
886:
838:
811:
784:
711:
684:
636:
610:Paraenhydrocyon
559:Hesperocyoninae
550:
527:
489:
480:
438:
437:
430:
417:
416:
412:
402:
398:
393:
333:
273:
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59:
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44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1832:
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1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1780:
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1772:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1675:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1586:
1584:
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1577:
1572:
1563:
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1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1459:C. l. gregoryi
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1419:C. l. bernardi
1412:
1402:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1319:C. cedazoensis
1312:
1302:
1299:C. armbrusteri
1292:
1281:
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1266:
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1263:
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1125:
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1113:
1103:
1093:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1034:V. qiuzhudingi
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
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1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
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961:
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819:
813:
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810:
809:
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794:
792:
786:
785:
783:
782:
775:
768:
765:Microtomarctus
761:
754:
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740:
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725:
719:
713:
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563:
561:
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545:Prohesperocyon
537:
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533:incertae sedis
529:
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1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1582:Paratomarctus
1579:
1575:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1519:C. l. nubilus
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1463:
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1433:
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1423:
1421:
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1411:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1374:C. l. orcutti
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1349:C. lepophagus
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1303:
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1293:
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1216:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1135:L. cultridens
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1084:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1002:
1001:U. progressus
995:
993:
992:
985:
983:
982:
975:
973:
972:
965:
964:
962:
960:
959:
954:
948:
947:
940:
938:
937:
930:
928:
927:
920:
918:
917:
910:
909:
906:
903:
901:
897:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
853:Paratomarctus
850:
849:
847:
845:
841:
835:
834:
830:
828:
827:
823:
822:
820:
818:
817:Aelurodontina
814:
808:
807:
803:
801:
800:
799:Paracynarctus
796:
795:
793:
791:
787:
781:
780:
776:
774:
773:
769:
767:
766:
762:
760:
759:
755:
753:
752:
748:
746:
745:
744:Metatomarctus
741:
739:
738:
734:
732:
731:
727:
726:
723:
720:
718:
714:
708:
707:
703:
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700:
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695:
693:
691:
687:
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680:
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633:
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621:
619:
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611:
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590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
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572:
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569:
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564:
562:
560:
553:
547:
546:
539:
538:
536:
534:
530:
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520:
518:
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508:
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502:
500:
496:
495:
492:
488:
484:
477:
472:
470:
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463:
458:
457:
454:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
431:
425:
421:
414:
411:
408:
407:
406:Paratomarctus
400:
397:
390:
388:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
371:
366:
365:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
347:Paratomarctus
344:
342:
337:million years
336:
331:
328:, 16.3 – 5.3
327:
323:
322:North America
319:
316:subfamily of
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
300:
299:Paratomarctus
290:
289:Paratomarctus
285:
281:
276:
269:
267:
258:
255:
254:Binomial name
251:
247:
246:
240:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
223:Paratomarctus
217:
214:
213:
210:
204:
201:
200:
197:
191:
188:
187:
184:
178:
175:
174:
171:
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158:
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144:
141:
138:
135:
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128:
125:
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121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
25:Paratomarctus
22:
19:
1794:Borophagines
1749:expanding it
1738:
1692:expanding it
1677:
1662:
1581:
1556:
1529:C. l. youngi
1527:
1517:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1479:C. l. hattai
1477:
1467:
1457:
1449:C. l. fuscus
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1384:
1372:
1359:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1270:
1258:
1245:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1170:S. pacivorus
1168:
1155:
1143:
1133:
1120:
1110:Theriodictis
1108:
1098:
1088:
1074:Cerdocyonina
1052:
1044:V. riffautae
1042:
1032:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
956:
944:
934:
924:
914:
879:
872:
865:
858:
852:
851:
831:
824:
804:
797:
777:
772:Protomarctus
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
704:
699:Cynarctoides
697:
690:Phlaocyonini
677:
670:
663:
656:
645:Borophaginae
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
589:Sunkahetanka
587:
580:
573:
566:
543:
532:
419:
413:
405:
399:
378:
368:
362:
356:
350:
346:
345:
314:Borophaginae
307:monospecific
298:
297:
296:
288:
265:
260:
244:
243:
229:
222:
221:
183:Borophaginae
24:
18:
1819:Canid stubs
1680:prehistoric
1399:C. l. alces
1339:C. etruscus
1329:C. edwardii
1309:C. arnensis
1205:Cynotherium
1054:V. skinneri
981:U. galushai
971:U. citrinus
946:Prototocyon
867:Protepicyon
844:Borophagina
758:Psalidocyon
717:Borophagini
658:Archaeocyon
631:Ectopocynus
603:Enhydrocyon
568:Hesperocyon
375:true canine
209:Borophagina
196:Borophagini
176:Subfamily:
1788:Categories
1361:C. latrans
881:Borophagus
790:Cynarctina
779:Tephrocyon
751:Euoplocyon
617:Osbornodon
582:Cynodesmus
523:Caniformia
521:Suborder:
391:References
373:, and the
352:Borophagus
320:native to
272:Leidy 1858
202:Subtribe:
1684:Carnivora
1122:Lycalopex
1100:Protocyon
926:Metalopex
916:Leptocyon
860:Carpocyon
833:Aelurodon
826:Tomarctus
806:Cynarctus
737:Desmocyon
730:Cormocyon
706:Phlaocyon
679:Rhizocyon
672:Otarocyon
665:Oxetocyon
624:Caedocyon
596:Philotrox
517:Carnivora
497:Kingdom:
370:Aelurodon
364:Carpocyon
287:Range of
238:Species:
160:Carnivora
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
1597:Q3561735
1591:Wikidata
1558:Category
1386:C. lupus
1235:Xenocyon
1225:Aenocyon
1157:Speothos
1090:Dusicyon
1011:U. webbi
936:Nurocyon
575:Mesocyon
511:Mammalia
505:Chordata
503:Phylum:
499:Animalia
166:Family:
150:Mammalia
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
1637:4117982
1624:1148923
1611:4833504
958:Urocyon
900:Caninae
874:Epicyon
515:Order:
509:Class:
487:Canidae
483:Extinct
385:Fossils
358:Epicyon
326:Miocene
312:of the
304:extinct
263:†
242:†
215:Genus:
189:Tribe:
170:Canidae
156:Order:
146:Class:
1215:Eucyon
1189:Canina
1065:Canini
1022:Vulpes
426:
341:coyote
318:canids
302:is an
232:, 1999
230:et al.
1741:canid
1739:This
1686:is a
1650:41233
1619:IRMNG
1272:Canis
310:genus
228:Wang
1745:stub
1688:stub
1606:GBIF
1247:Cuon
424:ISBN
37:PreꞒ
330:mya
1790::
1647::
1634::
1621::
1608::
1593::
383:.
377:,
367:,
361:,
355:,
335:11
87:Pg
1776:e
1769:t
1762:v
1751:.
1719:e
1712:t
1705:v
1694:.
1525:†
1515:†
1505:†
1495:†
1485:†
1475:†
1465:†
1455:†
1445:†
1435:†
1425:†
1415:†
1405:†
1395:†
1370:†
1345:†
1335:†
1325:†
1315:†
1305:†
1295:†
1285:†
1256:†
1231:†
1221:†
1211:†
1201:†
1166:†
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1131:†
1106:†
1096:†
1086:†
1050:†
1040:†
1030:†
1007:†
997:†
987:†
977:†
967:†
942:†
932:†
922:†
912:†
642:†
556:†
541:†
475:e
468:t
461:v
432:.
219:†
206:†
193:†
180:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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