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exact dates for events would not assure readers of his credibility by saying that his information was derived from the "common" folklore ... For the Parian Marble, such reassurance would be given if the original word, for which the genitive plural ending - νῶν has survived, was not κοινῶν, but Ἀθηνῶν," i.e. "of Athens," taking the word as a noun (Athens was a plural noun in classical Greek). This restoration would give the reader the assurance that the writer of the tablet had an authoritative source for his information, as follows:
201:, however, is quite uniform. Events are listed with little embellishment, and the primary purpose seems to be to give for each event the name of the king or archon ruling in Athens at the time, along with the number of years prior to the base date of the tablet (264/63 BC). The only exceptions are that in nine out of the 107 extant entries, the name of the archon or king is no longer readable, and in 14 entries the number of elapsed years is similarly effaced. The lack of embellishment is shown, for example, in the entry for
182:, first published in 1929. There has been no major study devoted to the entire stele since that time, although a few authors have dealt with specific time periods covered in the tablet. Furthermore, there apparently have been no critical studies of the original text on the stele itself since the work of Jacoby, as evidenced by the fact that the display of the Greek text on the Ashmolean Web site is a photocopy of the text that Jacoby published in his
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made his copy (this top part has since been lost), but of which enough remained that Selden could determine that it was intended as a statement of the source of the tablet's histories. Jacoby's restoration of Selden's Greek text is followed on the
Ashmolean Web site, which translates it into English
189:
The legibility of the Oxford fragment was impaired in the late 1980s when it was apparently mechanically cleaned by a crew hired to pressure clean all the classical sculptures in that hall of the
Ashmolean. Until then, some of the most badly abraded letters could still be read because they preserved
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documents, namely that the author used a variety of selections from diverse materials available in the third century BC. The
Ashmolean Web site then translated this into English as shown above. Young and Steinmann, however, maintain that "The writer of an annalistic history that professes to give
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The critical word here is "general," which represents a Greek original for which Selden could read only the last three letters, νῶν; these are the ending of the genitive plural. Jacoby hypothesized the word was an adjective and restored it to κοινῶν, meaning "common, general, ordinary". This is
97:(London 1628–9) nos. 1–14, 59–119. The first of the sections published by Selden has subsequently disappeared. A further third fragment of this inscription, comprising the base of the stele and containing the end of the text, was found on Paros in 1897. It has entries from 336/35 to 299/98 BC.
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a yellow patina acquired many centuries ago. After the cleaning however the stone was restored to a brilliant white color and the old patina was lost. The controversy in Oxford was such that the
Ashmolean issued a statement denying responsibility for the seemingly new appearance of the stone.
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base their views on three key inferences from the available evidence. 1) The naming of the reigning king or archon in Athens for each entry is consistent with an
Athenian provenance of the material. 2) The source behind each entry must have provided a year-number from which the author of the
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was able to calculate the years to his own time, thus suggesting that the archives from which the information was taken were keeping track of the years since the founding of the kingship in Athens under
Cecrops. Such framing chronicles are known to have been kept in Rome: the
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went to considerable length in arguing that the tablets were of relatively recent date and entirely fraudulent. His book is accessible under the
External links below. The finding of the bottom portion of the tablet on Páros in 1897 has made Robertson's theory untenable.
253:, in which the purpose was not so much to describe events as to give an accurate record of when the events occurred, as related to the years since the founding of the kingship and also tying the event to the king or archon who was currently reigning.
197:, Jacoby followed the rather subjective method that was popular in the late 19th and early 20th century, whereby a change in the subject matter or style of writing was taken to imply a different source. The style of the
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script, for which the earliest instances date to about a century and a half after the reputed beginning of the kingship under
Cecrops. Another argument against the Athenian provenance of the information in the
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was inscribed and erected, apparently during 264/263 BC. "The Parian Marble uses chronological specificity as a guarantee of truth," Peter Green observed in the introduction to his annotated translation of the
149:: "the mythic past was rooted in historical time, its legends treated as fact, its heroic protagonists seen as links between the 'age of origins' and the mortal, everyday world that succeeded it."
665:
213:, who became the center of many flood-myths, are more consistent with the earliest Greek legends that merely state that he fled from a flooding river in his native Lycoreia near the
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Detail from the shorter fragment base of the stele, found in 1897, that is in a museum on Paros. It contains chronicle entries for the years 336–299 BC.
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was the state archives of Athens. The first is that there are no known examples of writing from Athens that date as early as 1582/81 BC, the date of the
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Rodger C. Young and Andrew E. Steinmann, "Correlation of Select
Classical Sources Related to the Trojan War with Assyrian and Biblical Chronologies"
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555:, p. 144-45, photo of Ashmolean piece and translation excerpts, Michael Kerrigan, Fall River Press, Amber Books Ltd, c 2009. (hardcover.
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alens I have recorded , beginning from
Cecrops becoming first king of Athens, until uanax was archon in Paros, and Diognetus in Athens.
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al I have recorded , beginning from Cecrops becoming first king of Athens, until uanax was archon in Paros, and Diognetus in Athens.
205:, which attributes nothing remarkable to him or to his reign, even though in later Greek mythology he was a semi-human creature. The
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in 1667, include entries for the years 1582/81–355/54 BC. The surviving upper chronicle fragment currently resides in the
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325:(RTI) of the Parian Marble, revealing significant, previously illegible text. RTI scans are also available as part of the
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II B (Leiden: Brill, 1997 reprint) pp. 992–1005; Kommentar II B (Leiden: Brill reprint, 1993) pp. 665–702.(
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Brillante, C. (1991). "Myth and history: history and the historical interpretation of myth". In Edmunds, L. (ed.).
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The Parian chronicle, or The chronicle of the Arundelian marbles; with a dissertation concerning its authenticity
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is the reconstruction given by Jacoby of the first two lines of the tablet, which were largely effaced when
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as follows, with square brackets and italics indicating the portion of the text that is conjectural:
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first entry. The earliest extant writing in Greek from any area is found in the syllabic
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In contrast to Jacoby's ideas, a 2012 study maintains that the style of the
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at Oxford. It combines dates for events which modern readers would consider
172:, written in the early 20th century. This appeared in two works: his book
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The two known upper fragments, brought to London in 1627 and presented to
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to the Greeks. In fact the Parian inscriptions spend more detail on the
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Young and Steinmann, "Correlation of Select Classical Sources," p. 231.
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Young and Steinmann, "Correlation of Select Classical Sources," p. 232.
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156:. It contains chronicle entries for the years 336/35–299/98 BC.
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entries suggests that the ultimate source of the information in the
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was the archives of the city of Athens. Authors Rodger Young and
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The shorter fragment base of the stele, found in 1897, is in the
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from which events were reckoned. 3) The annalistic style of the
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is in keeping with the genre of annalistic records such as the
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than on certifiably historic events closer to the date the
19:"Parian Marble" redirects here. For marble from Paros, see
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Ashmolean exhibit including images and English translation
393:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 30.
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Journal for the Evangelical Study of the Old Testament
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consistent with Jacoby's theory for the source of the
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In attempting to discern the source or sources of the
364:"Ashmolean Museum: transcriptions and translations"
666:Archaeological discoveries in the Aegean Islands
304:information is of historical interest. In 1788,
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582:has original text related to this article:
520:"The Parian Marble at The Ashmolean Museum"
300:One other conjecture for the source of the
443:(Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1904).
81:in the early 17th century to an agent for
454:Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker
176:published in 1904, and as a part of the
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391:The Argonautika of Apollonios Rhodios
179:Fragmente der griechischen Historiker
85:, this inscription was deciphered by
16:Greek chronology inscribed on a stele
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636:Collection of the Ashmolean Museum
323:reflectance transformation imaging
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524:Institute for Digital Archaeology
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128:: their myths were understood as
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550:The Ancients in Their Own Words,
676:1897 archaeological discoveries
671:1627 archaeological discoveries
160:Sources of the Parian Chronicle
686:Greek artifacts outside Greece
317:In 2013, Ben Altshuler of the
154:Archaeological Museum of Paros
83:Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel
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469:1.2 (2012), pp. 223–48.
77:in two sections, and sold in
631:3rd-century BC history books
413:Green (2007), p. 14, noting
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164:The major analysis of the
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626:Chronicles in Koine Greek
73:. Found on the island of
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548:Michael Kerrigan, 2009.
417:Approaches to Greek Myth
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122:Voyage of the Argonauts
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641:3rd-century BC steles
612:(Universität Leipzig)
610:Digital Marmor Parium
389:Green, Peter (2007).
346:Selden, John (1629).
327:Digital Marmor Parium
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251:Assyrian Eponym Canon
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500:2B, pp. 98–99.
95:Marmora Arundelliana
370:on 24 December 2013
241:Anno Urbis Conditae
661:Hellenistic Greece
651:Greek inscriptions
475:2013-06-19 at the
302:Parian Chronicle's
147:Apollonios Rhodios
114:Flood of Deucalion
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561:978-1-4351-0724-3
553:The Parian Marble
441:Das Marmor Parium
400:978-0-520-25393-3
174:Das Marmor Parium
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168:is that of
143:Argonautica
87:John Selden
620:Categories
580:Wikisource
543:References
374:4 December
352:Joh. Bill.
134:Heroic Age
118:Trojan War
67:chronology
498:Fragmente
329:project.
247:Chronicle
211:Deucalion
199:Chronicle
195:Chronicle
184:Fragmente
60:Mar. Par.
496:Jacoby,
473:Archived
321:oversaw
266:Linear B
126:historic
203:Cecrops
130:legends
62:) is a
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275:Selden
110:mythic
79:Smyrna
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656:Paros
526:. IDA
333:Notes
138:stele
124:were
75:Paros
71:stele
64:Greek
55:abbr.
46:Latin
557:ISBN
532:2015
421:ISBN
395:ISBN
376:2006
36:The
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