418:
565:
781:
1939:
955:, which was the mainstay of the Comstock patent medicine business. According to text on a wrapper on every box of pills, Dr. Morse was a trained medical doctor who enriched his education by travelling extensively throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. He supposedly lived among the American Indians for three years, during which time he discovered the healing properties of various plants and roots that he eventually combined into Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills. No one knows if Dr. Morse ever actually existed.
677:, whose "Vegetable Universal Pill" eventually became one of the best-selling patent medicines in the United States. "...A congressional committee in 1849 reported that Brandreth was the nation’s largest proprietary advertiser... Between 1862 and 1863 Brandreth’s average annual gross income surpassed $ 600,000..." For fifty years Brandreth’s name was a household word in the United States. Indeed, the Brandreth pills were so well known they received mention in Herman Melville's classic novel
1349:
1332:, and "female complaints". William Radam's Microbe Killer, a product sold widely on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1890s and early 1900s, had the bold claim 'Cures All Diseases' prominently embossed on the front of the bottle. Ebeneezer Sibly ('Dr Sibly') in late 18th and early 19th century Britain went so far as to advertise that his Solar Tincture was able to "restore life in the event of sudden death", amongst other marvels.
750:
84:
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1054:. Those containing opiates were at least effective in relieving pain, coughs, and diarrhea, though they could result in addiction. This hazard was sufficiently well known that many were advertised as causing none of the harmful effects of opium (though many of those so advertised actually did contain opium).
1339:
that described their product curing all sorts of human ailments. Fortunately for both makers and users, the illnesses they claimed were cured were almost invariably self-diagnosed – and the claims of the writers to have been healed of cancer or tuberculosis by the nostrum should be considered in this
1599:
A number of brands of consumer products that date from the patent medicine era are still on the market and available today. Their ingredients may have changed from the original formulas; the claims made for the benefits they offer have typically been seriously revised, but in general at least some
442:
Advertisement kept these patent medications in the public eye and gave the belief that no disease was beyond the cure of patent medication. "The medicine man’s key task quickly became not production but sales, the job of persuading ailing citizens to buy his particular brand from among the hundreds
596:
was invented about 1647 and remained popular in
Britain and the USA until the late 19th century. The use of "letters patent" to obtain exclusive marketing rights to certain labelled formulas and their marketing fueled the circulation of early newspapers. The use of invented names began early. In
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industry promoted; patent medicine promoters pioneered many advertising and sales techniques that were later used for other products. Patent medicine advertising often marketed products as being medical panaceas (or at least a treatment for many diseases) and emphasized exotic ingredients and
979:. Devices meant to electrify the body were sold; nostrums were compounded that purported to attract electrical energy or make the body more conductive. "Violet ray machines" were sold as rejuvenation devices, and balding men could seek solace in an "electric fez" purported to regrow hair.
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As to Squire
Western, he was seldom out of the sick-room, unless when he was engaged either in the field or over his bottle. Nay, he would sometimes retire hither to take his beer, and it was not without difficulty that he was prevented from forcing Jones to take his beer too: for no
991:, calling himself an "Electro Medic Doctor", began injecting men with colored water as a virility cure, claiming it was "electric medicine from Germany". (Brinkley would go on to even greater infamy through transplanting goat testicles into men's scrotums as a virility treatment.)
1260:: acetaminophen) in the human body, and that it was this metabolite that was responsible for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. Acetanilide is no longer used as a drug in its own right, although the success of its metabolite – paracetamol (acetaminophen) – is well known.
1025:. Byers contracted fatal radium poisoning and had to have his jaw removed in an unsuccessful attempt to save him from bone cancer after drinking nearly 1400 bottles of Bailey's "radium water". Water irradiators were sold that promised to infuse water placed within them with
299:
that could be obtained only through a pharmacist, usually with a doctor's prescription, and whose composition was openly disclosed. Many over-the-counter medicines were once ethical drugs obtainable only by prescription, and thus are not patent medicines.
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trade, and druggists manufactured and sold (for a slightly lower price) medicines of almost identical composition. To protect profits, the branded medicine advertisements emphasized brand names, and urged the public to "accept no substitutes".
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Other promoters took an opposite tack from timeless herbal wisdom. Nearly any scientific discovery or exotic locale could inspire a key ingredient or principle in a patent medicine. Consumers were invited to invoke the power of
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2908:
The Funny Side Of Physic: Or, Mysteries Of
Medicine, Presenting The Humorous And Serious Sides of Medical Practice. An Exposé of Medical Humbugs, Quacks, And Charlatans In All Ages And All Countries. Chapter III. Patent
1853:
Some consumer products were once marketed as patent medicines, but have been repurposed and are no longer sold for medicinal purposes. Their original ingredients may have been changed to remove drugs, as was done with
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1373:, and other hazards from the compounds. This took no small courage by the publishing industry that circulated these claims, since the typical newspaper of the period relied heavily on the patent medicines. In 1905,
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Contrary to what is often believed, some patent medicines did, in fact, deliver the promised results, albeit with very dangerous ingredients. For example, medicines advertised as "infant soothers" contained
713:, who stepped forward from the crowd to offer "unsolicited" testimonials about the benefits of the medicine. Often, the nostrum was manufactured and bottled in the wagon in which the show travelled. The
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claims that appeared on the labels. In 1936 the statute was revised to ban them, and the United States entered a long period of ever more drastic reductions in the medications available unmediated by
526:, and patients' demands for something to take, physicians began making "blunderbuss" concoctions of various drugs, proven and unproven. These concoctions were the ancestors of the several nostrums.
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Until the twentieth century, alcohol was the most controversial ingredient, for it was widely recognised that the "medicines" could continue to be sold for their alleged curative properties even in
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endorsements from purported experts or celebrities, which may or may not have been true. Patent medicine sales were increasingly constricted in the United States in the early 20th century as the
522:, the notion that illness is binary and can be treated by ingredients that cause the same symptoms in healthy people, was another outgrowth of this early era of medicine. Given the state of the
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did not come into use in the United States until 1925. Furthermore, patenting one of these remedies would have meant publicly disclosing its ingredients, which most promoters sought to avoid.
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Facts Worth
Knowing: Falsehoods Exposed, The Truth About Patent Medicines, Mercenary And Selfish Character of Attack On Popular Household Remedies by Yellow Journals And Doctors' Organizations
2856:
Nostrums and
Quackery: Articles On The Nostrum Evil and Quackery Reprinted, With Additions and Modifications From The Journal Of The American Medical Association Reprinted (2nd ed.)
1221:
by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But this ingredient change probably killed more of the nostrum's users than the original narcotics did, since acetanilide not only alarmingly caused
2472:
717:
Indian
Medicine Company became one of the largest and most successful medicine show operators. Their shows had an American Indian or Wild West theme, and employed many
478:
At least in the earliest days, the history of patent medicines is coextensive with scientific medicine. Empirical medicine, and the beginning of the application of the
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that asserts that the products have not been tested and are not intended to diagnose or treat any disease, they are nevertheless marketed as remedies of various sorts.
94:
510: – held that nature had hidden clues to medically effective drugs in their resemblances to the human body and its parts. This led medical men to hope that, say,
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did not ban the alcohol, narcotics, and stimulants in the medicines; it required them to be labeled as such, and curbed some of the more misleading, overstated, or
529:
Touting these nostrums was one of the first major projects of the advertising industry. The marketing of nostrums under implausible claims has a long history. In
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by patent medicine manufacturers. Perhaps the most successful industry that grew up out of the business of patent medicine advertisements, though, was founded by
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1959:
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1006:, were marketed. Some of these actually contained the ingredients promised, and there were a number of tragedies among their devotees. Most notoriously,
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Lester, D.; Greenberg, L. A. (1947), "Metabolic fate of acetanilide and other aniline derivatives. II. Major metabolites of acetanilide in the blood",
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951:". Another benefit of claiming traditional native origins was that it was nearly impossible to disprove. A good example of this is the story behind
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When journalists and physicians began focusing on the narcotic contents of the patent medicines, some of their makers began replacing the opium
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1411:, who was active in the first half of the 20th century, based much of his career on exposing quacks and driving them out of business.
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Many promoters desired to lend their preparations a sense of exoticism and mystery. Unlikely ingredients such as the baobab fruit in
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remedies of unproven effectiveness and questionable safety sold especially by peddlers in past centuries, who often also called them
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1248:. After several conflicting results over the ensuing fifty years, it was ultimately established in 1948 that acetanilide was mostly
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470:. Though sold at high prices, many of these products were made from cheap ingredients. Their composition was well known within the
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to distinguish their products from the crowd of their competitors. Many extant brands from the era live on today in brands such as
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128:
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1858:. The compound may also simply be used in a different capacity, as in the case of Angostura Bitters, now associated chiefly with
1046:, also legal. While various herbs, touted or alluded to, were talked up in the advertising, their actual effects often came from
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Patent medicines were supposedly able to cure just about everything. Nostrums were openly sold that claimed to cure or prevent
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ever held his nostrum to be a more general panacea than he did this; which, he said, had more virtue in it than was in all the
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Bertolini, A.; Ferrari, A.; Ottani, A.; Guerzoni, S.; Tacchi, R.; Leone, S. (2006), "Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug",
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The phrase "patent medicine" comes from the late 17th century marketing of medical elixirs, when those who found favour with
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1096:" was ordered to change its formula by Prohibition officials. To fool a chemical test some vendors added a toxic chemical,
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659:, which eventually owned four Maine dailies and several television stations. The family-owned firm is unrelated to the
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1418:". While their advertisements are careful not to cross the line into making explicit medical claims, and often bear a
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authorising the use of the royal endorsement in advertising. Few if any of the nostrums were actually patented;
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The occasional reports of acetanilide-induced cyanosis prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives.
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Patent medicines were often praised or parodied in popular culture. An example is "The Great Wahoo Polka" by
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offered. Whether unscrupulous or self-deluded, nostrum makers set about this task with cleverness and zeal."
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online exhibit at
Vanderbilt Medical Library. Contains an etext of two of the Samuel Hopkins Adams exposés.
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were gee-whiz scientific advances that found their way into patent medicine advertising, especially after
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287:) is a non-prescription medicine or medicinal preparation that is typically protected and advertised by a
2747:"TV Preacher Jim Bakker Is Hawking A Fake Coronavirus 'Cure.' Government Officials Are Right To Stop Him"
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in
Chicago. His liniment, when seized and tested by the federal government in 1917, was found to contain
486:'s arsenal. These few remedies, on the other hand, were inadequate to cover the bewildering variety of
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904:; unspecified roots found in swamps had remarkable effects on the kidneys, according to its literature.
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1434:, etc.). Despite the ban on such claims, salesmen still occasionally (and illegally) make such claims;
987:, claiming the ability to diagnose and treat diseases over long distances by radio. In 1913 the quack
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The
Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation
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The
Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation
1979:
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701:-style entertainments on a small scale, and climaxed in a pitch for some sort of cure-all nostrum. "
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institutions owe their existence to the patent medicine industry, most notably a number of the older
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The safety and effectiveness of patent medicines and their sale is controlled and regulated by the
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601:; at least on the documents that survive, there was no Dr. Bateman. This was the enterprise of a
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was a famous "Prohibition tonic", weighing in at around 18% grain alcohol. A nostrum known as "
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to tout the physical vigour the product supposedly offered. The showmen frequently employed
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2773:"NY AG Letitia James orders televangelist Jim Bakker to quit advertising coronavirus cure"
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494:. Beyond these patches of evidence-based application, people used other methods, such as
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1473:. Enzyte's makers translate this phrase as "better sex", but it is in fact ungrammatical
1125:
Clark Stanley, the "Rattlesnake King", produced Stanley's snake oil, publicly processing
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to medicine, began to yield a few orthodoxly acceptable herbal and mineral drugs for the
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and a group of promoters who owned a warehouse and a print shop to promote the product.
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939:), supposedly based on a Native American recipe. This nostrum was the inspiration for
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tree, to the rural folks of Maine. Gannett's newspaper became the first publication of
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Sick Made Well, Weak Made Strong, Elixir of Life, etc. Typical ad for patent medicine.
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Flinn, Frederick B.; Brodie, Bernard B. (1948), "The effect on the pain threshold of
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A number of patent medicines are produced in China. Among the best known of these is
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1426:"while you sleep" and similar claims are frequently found on these compounds (cf.,
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3061:
History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business and Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills
2983:
History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business and Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills
539:(1749), allusion is made to the sale of medical compounds claimed to be universal
272:
30:"Proprietary medicine" redirects here. For the modern pharmaceutical concept, see
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was one such derivative; it was eventually withdrawn after it was found to be a
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Secret Nostrums And Systems Of Medicine: A Book of Formulas (7th edition, 1896)
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In more recent years, also, various herbal concoctions have been marketed as "
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remedies and natural cures. One example of this approach from the period was
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An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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2550:-aminophenol (free and total conjugated) in biological fluids and tissues",
2538:(1948), "The estimation of acetanilide and its metabolic products, aniline,
2010:
1989:
1964:
1951:
1947:
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1743:, a black, alcoholic liquid that the makers claimed turned gray hair black.
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1954:, Threatened Cancer and all Stomach Troubles" with "Relief in five minutes"
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properties that had been introduced into medical practice under the name
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Patent medicines were one of the first major product categories that the
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American Medical Association, Council On Pharmacy and Chemistry (1908).
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Another publicity method – undertaken mostly by smaller firms – was the
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in the United States and corresponding authorities in other countries.
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2311:
An Annotated Catalogue of the Edward C. Atwater Collection of American
2282:
An Annotated Catalogue of the Edward C. Atwater Collection of American
1942:
Receipt from 1900 for a patent medicine claiming a "Positive Cure for
1172:. Unlike most patent medicines of its era, it did not contain alcohol.
446:
Instead, the compounders of such nostrums used a primitive version of
3900:
2821:
The Cosmetics Baron You've Never Heard Of: E. Virgil Neal and Tokalon
2512:
Cahn, A.; Hepp, P. (1886), "Das Antifebrin, ein neues Fiebermittel",
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journalists and other investigators began to publicize instances of
1108:, a chronic nerve damage syndrome similar to that caused by certain
898:
were a recurring theme. A famous patent medicine of the period was
705:" acts were especially popular on these tours, for this enabled the
3033:: Varieties of Medical Ephemera at the National Library of Medicine
1042:, then a legal drug. Those advertised as "catarrh snuff" contained
405:
270:'s "Death's Laboratory" on the cover of the 3 June 1905 edition of
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1937:
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Within the English-speaking world, patent medicines are as old as
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added ever-increasing regulations to prevent fraud, unintentional
262:
1450:. One of the most notorious such elixirs, however, calls itself "
907:
Native American themes were also useful: natives, imagined to be
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3023:
2082:"PATENT MEDICINE | Meaning & Definition for UK English"
1866:
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916:
792:, a speedy dance jig in praise of a family of products known as
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The ingredients of patent medicines are incompletely disclosed.
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2691:-aminophenol, a product derived in the body from acetanilide",
1750:
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1325:
1081:
807:
744:
140:
77:
36:
2201:, patent medicine manufacturer and promoter (e.g. the tonic,
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
327:, and various skin preparations are included in the group.
3547:
2956:, eighty-third edition. World's Dispensary, available from
2840:(5th ed.). Chicago: American Medical Association Press
1377:
published an exposé entitled "The Great American Fraud" in
568:
1914 advertisement implying approval by the U.S. government
2232:"Balm of America: Patent Medicine Collection > History"
1967:(not a patent medicine, but a popular contemporary remedy)
1610:'s Herb Medicine (circa 1875) remains on the market today.
1600:
of them have genuine medical uses. These brands include:
1276:
Bathing Fluid was claimed to help many unrelated ailments.
349:. Current examples of quack remedies are sometimes called
3088:, a gallery of 247 patent medicine advertising cards, at
1061:
states and counties. Many of the medicines were in fact
357:, but easier-to-understand terms like scam cure-all, or
2912:. Hartford: The J. B. Burr Publishing Co. pp. 78–98
1481:
Surviving consumer products from the patent medicine era
2461:, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 146-148.
835:
761:
643:
in Maine in that era, so Gannett founded a periodical,
102:
1187:, to give the compounds some obvious physical effects.
2270:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 166
2473:"'Indian' medicine shows once popular entertainment"
1065:
of various sorts, flavoured with herbs said to have
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to heal their ailments. In the nineteenth century,
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to promote patent medicine was New York businessman
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Photographs of products from the J. C. Ayer Company
3068:
Barak Orbach's Quack and Patent Medicine Collection
2751:
Americans United for Separation of Church and State
1781:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1515:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1462:. Despite being a compound of herbs, minerals, and
796:. The remedy's active ingredient was the purgative
647:, whose chief purpose was to propose the merits of
171:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2837:The Propaganda For Reform In Proprietary Medicines
2197:See Conroy (2009), pp. 138–141, for an account of
580:in the 1630s; the recipe was allegedly learned in
2529:
2527:
915:, and heirs to a body of traditional lore about
597:1726 a patent was also granted to the makers of
2988:"Balm of America: Patent Medicine Collection,"
1466:, Enzyte formerly promoted itself under a fake
1029:, which was thought to be healthy at the time.
2434:Medicine in the Old West: A History, 1850–1900
2341:The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography
2109:Aspirin: The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug
1747:Products no longer sold under medicinal claims
3136:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
3111:
3000:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
2878:. Chicago: American Medical Association Press
2859:. Chicago: American Medical Association Press
1960:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
389:and falsely promoted as a cure-all, made the
337:The term is sometimes still used to describe
91:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3073:Patent Medicine from Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co
3049:by James Harvey Young (1961), reproduced at
2985:. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press
1014:was a supporter of the popular radium water
1409:Journal of the American Medical Association
1335:Every manufacturer published long lists of
994:Towards the end of the period, a number of
737:long after they vanished from public life.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3247:
3118:
3104:
3096:
2890:Armstrong, David and Elizabeth M. (1991).
2791:"Why is this man smiling? It's not Viagra"
2039:
2037:
2035:
1106:organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy
4244:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
4185:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
2953:The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser
2597:
2217:), Madison Avenue pioneer, and mentor of
1841:Learn how and when to remove this message
1575:Learn how and when to remove this message
943:'s "Kickapoo Joy Juice", featured in the
858:Learn how and when to remove this message
576:. "Anderson's Pills" were first made in
502:" – essentially, the application of
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Medicine sold regardless of effectiveness
2723:The Great American Fraud (4th ed., 1907)
2147:"nostrum English Definition and Meaning"
2076:
2074:
1294:Bonnore's Electro Magnetic Bathing Fluid
830:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4149:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
3024:Dr. Bob's Homepage for Medical Quackery
2938:. Chicago: Oleson & Co., Publishers
2726:. Chicago: American Medical Association
2031:
975:showed that electricity influenced the
651:, a nostrum made from the fruit of the
842:to additional sources at this section.
627:, which were originally given away as
381:and deceptive advertising. Sellers of
2872:American Medical Association (1915).
2853:American Medical Association (1912).
1438:, a disgraced televangelist, sells a
1383:that led to the passage of the first
1112:. Unwary imbibers suffered a form of
639:in 1866. There were few circulating
7:
2963:The Proprietary Association (1908).
2058:
2056:
2054:
1779:adding citations to reliable sources
1513:adding citations to reliable sources
1229:, but was later discovered to cause
1207:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
169:adding citations to reliable sources
2990:National Museum of American History
2237:National Museum of American History
741:Patent medicines in popular culture
729:. The "medicine show" lived on in
4198:James Randi Educational Foundation
2771:Hogan, Bernadette (6 March 2020).
1454:", widely advertised for "natural
1344:The end of the patent medicine era
1175:Some herbal preparations included
931:(completely unrelated to the real
911:, were thought to be in tune with
823:relies largely or entirely upon a
25:
2459:"Grace Notes in American History"
1477:for "refuge for the dissipated".
1442:gel that he claims will cure all
983:was a well known practitioner of
669:. An early pioneer in the use of
612:Kickapoo Indian "Sagwa", sold at
458:'s vegetable compound for women,
52:This article has multiple issues.
3595:Strauss–Howe generational theory
3573:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3370:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
3011:
2892:The Great American Medicine Show
2823:, Englewood: Altus History LLC.
2652:"The fate of acetanilide in man"
2590:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x
2431:McFarland, Jeremy Agnew (2010).
2111:. Chemical Heritage Foundation.
1755:
1489:
1149:. This is not too unlike modern
925:Kickapoo Indian Medicine Company
812:
748:
401:Patent medicines and advertising
145:
82:
41:
4223:The Natural History of Quackery
4165:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
2905:Crabtre, Addison Darre (1880).
2437:. McFarland. pp. 190–191.
2205:, which was supposedly used by
2174:"Pseudoscience and Your Health"
2172:Bryan, Kevin (9 January 2019).
1766:needs additional citations for
1500:needs additional citations for
1256:(known in the United States as
1076:, the low growing variants of
588:who claimed to be physician to
466:, which was once marketed as a
156:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2379:Moby-Dick; Or, The White Whale
1689:Dr. J.H. McLean's Volcanic Oil
1164:leaves, an indirect source of
1:
2969:. The Proprietary Association
2928:, Boston: MacMillan & Co.
2924:Holbrook, Stewart A. (1959).
2745:Boston, Rob (11 March 2020).
953:Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills
784:The Great Wahoo Polka (1864).
4230:The Psychology of the Occult
3485:Traditional Chinese medicine
3360:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
3217:Superseded scientific theory
2994:Young, James Harvey (1961).
2471:Kemp, Bill (20 March 2016).
2149:. Lexico.com. Archived from
2084:. Lexico.com. Archived from
1156:The original formulation of
1131:World's Columbian Exposition
721:as spokespeople such as the
371:Food and Drug Administration
332:Food and Drug Administration
3841:Electronic voice phenomenon
3698:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
3558:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
2932:Oleson, Charles W. (1889).
2894:, New York: Prentice-Hall.
2338:White, James Terry (1895).
1653:Carter's Little Liver Pills
1018:, developed by the medical
800:, commonly known as Wahoo.
599:Dr Bateman's Pectoral Drops
105:, discuss the issue on the
4294:
4237:The Ragged Edge of Science
3968:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3911:Pseudoscientific metrology
3435:Miracle Mineral Supplement
3055:Princeton University Press
3046:The Toadstool Millionaires
2926:The Golden Age of Quackery
1720:Phillips' Milk of Magnesia
1613:
1448:SARS-related coronaviruses
804:Ingredients and their uses
657:Guy Gannett Communications
29:
3851:Facilitated communication
3133:
3030:Here Today, Here Tomorrow
2981:Shaw, Robert B. (1972).
2875:Medical Mail-Order Frauds
2376:Melville, Herman (1892).
1168:, and was marketed as an
1116:that came to be known as
1069:. Some examples include:
514:shells might be good for
4251:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3809:Biological transmutation
3729:Faster-than-light travel
3703:Enneagram of Personality
3669:Recovered-memory therapy
3553:9/11 conspiracy theories
3038:The Great American Fraud
2693:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
2659:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
2622:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
2552:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
2502:, Sept. 15, 2003: 50-57.
2309:Atwater, Edward (2004).
2280:Atwater, Edward (2004).
2063:Medicine patent medicine
1616:List of patent medicines
375:Federal Trade Commission
4216:The Demon-Haunted World
4134:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3568:COVID-19 misinformation
3507:Young blood transfusion
3278:Anthroposophic medicine
2498:Baum, Dan; "Jake Leg",
2384:L.C. Page & Company
2242:Smithsonian Institution
2133:"Definition of NOSTRUM"
1971:Chinese patent medicine
1416:nutritional supplements
1104:compound that produced
901:Dr. Kilmer's Swamp Root
393:a lasting symbol for a
4048:Corentin Louis Kervran
3916:Rapid prompting method
3804:Biodynamic agriculture
3794:Aquatic ape hypothesis
3652:Historical negationism
3355:Doctrine of signatures
3222:True-believer syndrome
2950:Pierce, R. V. (1917).
2007:, 18th century nostrum
1955:
1611:
1596:
1385:Pure Food and Drug Act
1359:
1277:
1153:and camphor liniments.
998:medicines, containing
891:
875:
798:Euonymus atropurpureus
785:
697:of sorts that offered
616:
569:
562:
500:doctrine of signatures
422:
421:Bile Beans brand pills
414:
276:
4053:The Light (newspaper)
4038:William Donald Kelley
3931:Voice stress analysis
3563:Climate change denial
3502:Wind turbine syndrome
3497:Vertebral subluxation
3390:Germ theory denialism
3086:Patent Medicine Cards
2819:Conroy, M.S. (2009).
2718:Adams, Samuel Hopkins
2514:Centralbl. Klin. Med.
1941:
1711:'s Vegetable Compound
1657:Carter's Little Pills
1638:Aspro aspirin tablets
1606:
1590:
1351:
1271:
1080:with a high level of
921:Kickapoo Indian Sagwa
886:
873:
783:
611:
567:
545:
420:
408:
385:, claimed to contain
266:
4043:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
4003:Ignatius L. Donnelly
3674:Past life regression
3533:Arabian Judah theory
3480:Traditional medicine
3273:Alternative medicine
3202:Pathological science
3020:at Wikimedia Commons
2315:Boydell & Brewer
2286:Boydell & Brewer
1980:Pharmaceutical fraud
1775:improve this article
1704:Luden's Throat Drops
1509:improve this article
1375:Samuel Hopkins Adams
1137:, 1% fatty oil, red
1067:medicinal properties
1023:William J. A. Bailey
879:Supposed ingredients
836:improve this article
285:proprietary medicine
283:(sometimes called a
165:improve this article
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
4139:Demarcation problem
3973:Brigitte Boisselier
3602:Hollow Earth theory
3585:Generational theory
3283:Applied kinesiology
2411:"Wellmade Remedies"
2364:benjamin brandreth.
2262:Young, James Harvey
2107:Jeffreys D (2008).
2067:merriam-webster.com
1882:Buckfast Tonic Wine
1699:Lorman’s Indian Oil
1694:Lobeila Cough Syrup
1674:Fletcher's Castoria
1655:(currently sold as
1633:Andrews Liver Salts
1595:Bromo Seltzer wagon
1318:mercurial eruptions
1098:tricresyl phosphate
1012:Eben McBurney Byers
985:electrical quackery
923:, a product of the
460:Fletcher's Castoria
409:Mug-wump, "for all
4209:Skeptical Inquirer
4108:Paul Joseph Watson
4083:Hans Alfred Nieper
3921:Statement analysis
3871:Intelligent design
3746:Reactionless drive
3580:Conversion therapy
3528:Ancient astronauts
3415:Leaky gut syndrome
3395:HIV/AIDS denialism
3150:Cargo cult science
3078:2009-09-25 at the
2153:on 8 November 2020
1995:Projector (patent)
1956:
1612:
1597:
1360:
1328:diseases, chronic
1278:
1170:energy rejuvenator
1033:Actual ingredients
892:
876:
786:
760:. You can help by
675:Benjamin Brandreth
663:, which publishes
633:William H. Gannett
617:
570:
423:
415:
391:snake oil salesman
277:
4260:
4259:
4171:Cults of Unreason
4144:Scientific method
4073:Ministry of Ayush
4018:Nicholas Gonzalez
3944:
3943:
3881:Law of attraction
3861:Flat Earth theory
3741:Quantum mysticism
3681:Scientific racism
3637:Pseudoarchaeology
3543:Conspiracy theory
3241:characterized as
3185:Pseudomathematics
3175:Pseudoarchaeology
3063:by Robert B. Shaw
3053:by permission of
3016:Media related to
2958:Project Gutenberg
2546:-aminophenol and
2344:. United States:
2118:978-1-59691-816-0
2045:"Patent medicine"
2021:Universal panacea
2005:Revalenta arabica
1872:Angostura Bitters
1851:
1850:
1843:
1825:
1790:"Patent medicine"
1715:Minard's Liniment
1585:
1584:
1577:
1559:
1524:"Patent medicine"
1471:Suffragium asotas
1460:penis enlargement
1444:venereal diseases
1282:venereal diseases
1227:methemoglobinemia
1202:, a particularly
868:
867:
860:
778:
777:
731:American folklore
629:promotional items
504:sympathetic magic
480:scientific method
464:Angostura bitters
411:venereal diseases
361:are more common.
297:prescription drug
259:
258:
251:
241:
240:
233:
215:
180:"Patent medicine"
139:
138:
131:
113:, as appropriate.
75:
16:(Redirected from
4285:
4278:Patent medicines
4113:Andrew Wakefield
3814:Creation science
3773:Water-fueled car
3735:Perpetual motion
3657:Holocaust denial
3627:Nibiru cataclysm
3622:Nazi archaeology
3425:Macrobiotic diet
3248:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3015:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2921:
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2917:
2887:
2885:
2883:
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2864:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2807:
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2736:
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2733:
2731:
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2708:
2707:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2656:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2578:CNS Drug Reviews
2573:
2567:
2566:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2468:
2462:
2457:Lester S. Levy,
2455:
2449:
2448:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2277:
2271:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2228:
2222:
2215:Pope Benedict XV
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2049:
2048:
2041:
1846:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1783:
1759:
1751:
1709:Lydia E. Pinkham
1580:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1517:
1493:
1485:
1456:male enhancement
1440:colloidal silver
1407:, editor of the
1380:Collier's Weekly
1352:Clark Stanley's
1296:claimed to cure
1274:Electro Magnetic
989:John R. Brinkley
961:electromagnetism
935:Indian tribe of
863:
856:
852:
849:
843:
816:
815:
808:
773:
770:
752:
745:
719:American Indians
456:Lydia E. Pinkham
437:chemical patents
254:
247:
236:
229:
225:
222:
216:
214:
173:
149:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
32:Proprietary drug
21:
18:Patent medicines
4293:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4153:
4129:Bogdanov affair
4117:
4097:Claude Vorilhon
3983:Robert Charroux
3958:Sucharit Bhakdi
3950:
3940:
3777:
3707:
3647:Genocide denial
3612:Japhetic theory
3607:Indigo children
3523:2012 phenomenon
3511:
3455:Patent medicine
3375:Energy medicine
3348:Colon cleansing
3333:Crystal healing
3268:Adrenal fatigue
3242:
3240:
3233:
3138:
3129:
3124:
3080:Wayback Machine
3018:Patent medicine
3008:
3003:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2941:
2939:
2931:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2881:
2879:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2852:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2815:
2813:Further reading
2810:
2800:
2798:
2797:. 17 April 2002
2789:
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2769:
2765:
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2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2654:
2646:Brodie, B. B.;
2645:
2644:
2640:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2584:(3–4): 250–75,
2575:
2574:
2570:
2534:Brodie, B. B.;
2533:
2532:
2525:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2386:. p. 386.
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2317:. p. 118.
2308:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2288:. p. 117.
2279:
2278:
2274:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2178:Tempus Magazine
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2029:
1936:
1912:Hires Root Beer
1902:Graham crackers
1847:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1760:
1749:
1618:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1518:
1516:
1506:
1494:
1483:
1468:scientific name
1405:Morris Fishbein
1346:
1266:
1102:organophosphate
1094:Jamaican ginger
1074:Cannabis indica
1035:
881:
864:
853:
847:
844:
838:by introducing
829:
817:
813:
806:
794:"Wahoo Bitters"
774:
768:
765:
758:needs expansion
743:
516:skull fractures
403:
325:cough medicines
281:patent medicine
255:
244:
243:
242:
237:
226:
220:
217:
174:
172:
162:
150:
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124:
118:
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83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4122:Related topics
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4103:Randolph Stone
4100:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:Theodor Morell
4075:
4070:
4068:Joseph Mercola
4065:
4063:Jenny McCarthy
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4028:Graham Hancock
4025:
4023:Goop (company)
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Vernon Coleman
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
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3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
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3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
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3868:
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3838:
3833:
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3806:
3801:
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3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:Teleportation‎
3760:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3691:Melanin theory
3688:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3632:Parapsychology
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3516:Social science
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:Primal therapy
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3430:Magnet therapy
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3343:Detoxification
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
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769:September 2024
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614:medicine shows
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594:Daffy's Elixir
590:King Charles I
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3180:Pseudohistory
3178:
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3165:Fringe theory
3163:
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3156:
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3127:Pseudoscience
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2900:0-13-364027-2
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2829:0-615-27278-9
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2777:New York Post
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2444:9780786456031
2440:
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2395:
2393:1-58729-906-2
2389:
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2359:0-403-01271-6
2355:
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2324:1-58046-098-4
2320:
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2295:1-58046-098-4
2291:
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2219:Carl R. Byoir
2216:
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2110:
2103:
2100:
2088:on 1 May 2022
2087:
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1897:Fernet Branca
1895:
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1820:
1816:
1813:
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1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792: –
1791:
1787:
1786:Find sources:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1764:This article
1762:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1746:
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1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Bromo-Seltzer
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:Absorbine Jr.
1620:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1608:Lydia Pinkham
1605:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1576:
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1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526: –
1525:
1521:
1520:Find sources:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1498:This article
1496:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1458:" – that is,
1457:
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1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
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1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:prescriptions
1398:
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1323:
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1315:
1311:
1310:scarlet fever
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
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1283:
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1270:
1264:Supposed uses
1263:
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1079:
1075:
1072:
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1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1052:grain alcohol
1049:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
981:Albert Abrams
978:
974:
973:Luigi Galvani
970:
966:
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956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
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910:
909:noble savages
905:
903:
902:
897:
890:
885:
878:
872:
862:
859:
851:
841:
837:
833:
827:
826:
825:single source
821:This section
819:
810:
809:
803:
801:
799:
795:
791:
790:J.N. Pattison
782:
772:
763:
759:
756:This section
754:
751:
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746:
740:
738:
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732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
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708:
704:
700:
696:
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690:
689:medicine show
684:
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538:
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532:
527:
525:
524:pharmacopoeia
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
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454:cough drops,
453:
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412:
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392:
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367:
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360:
359:pseudoscience
356:
352:
348:
345:, tonics, or
344:
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196:
192:
189:
185:
182: –
181:
177:
176:Find sources:
170:
166:
160:
159:
154:This article
152:
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38:
33:
19:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4058:Mike Lindell
3978:Rhonda Byrne
3949:Promoters of
3936:Water memory
3876:Laundry ball
3768:Tractor beam
3724:Cold fusion‎
3454:
3420:Lunar effect
3365:Ear candling
3313:Chiropractic
3303:Bloodletting
3293:Bates method
3263:Aromatherapy
3226:
3192:Junk science
3059:
3044:
3036:
3028:
2995:
2982:
2971:. Retrieved
2965:
2951:
2940:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2914:. Retrieved
2907:
2891:
2880:. Retrieved
2874:
2861:. Retrieved
2855:
2842:. Retrieved
2836:
2820:
2799:. Retrieved
2794:
2785:
2776:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2722:
2712:
2699:(1): 76–77,
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2665:(1): 29–38,
2662:
2658:
2641:
2628:(1): 68–75,
2625:
2621:
2615:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2558:(1): 22–28,
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2476:
2466:
2453:
2433:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2405:
2397:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2340:
2333:
2313:. New York:
2310:
2304:
2284:. New York:
2281:
2275:
2265:
2257:
2247:20 September
2245:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
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2203:nuxated iron
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2151:the original
2141:
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2086:the original
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1773:Please help
1768:verification
1765:
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1738:
1727:Throat Drops
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1507:Please help
1502:verification
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4273:Advertising
3963:Del Bigtree
3450:Panchagavya
3440:Naturopathy
3308:Body memory
3258:Acupuncture
3143:Terminology
2756:9 September
2648:Axelrod, J.
2536:Axelrod, J.
2348:. pp.
2016:Tono-Bungay
1928:Tonic water
1593:horse drawn
1424:Weight loss
1254:paracetamol
1250:metabolized
1215:antipyretic
1213:as well as
1200:acetanilide
1135:mineral oil
1059:prohibition
996:radioactive
965:electricity
945:comic strip
929:Connecticut
671:advertising
366:advertising
323:, cold and
305:Antiseptics
4267:Categories
4203:Quackwatch
4033:David Icke
4013:Max Gerson
4008:Gaia, Inc.
3896:Numerology
3891:Lysenkoism
3886:Levitation
3866:Graphology
3751:Dean drive
3686:Aryan race
3617:Mediumship
3492:Trepanning
3460:Phrenology
3400:Homeopathy
3298:Biorhythms
3197:Paranormal
3051:Quackwatch
2416:7 November
2398:moby dick.
2382:. Boston:
2346:J.T. White
1985:Homeopathy
1976:Drug fraud
1923:Pepsi Cola
1919:brand soda
1907:Grape-Nuts
1831:April 2019
1801:newspapers
1663:Chlorodyne
1565:April 2019
1535:newspapers
1436:Jim Bakker
1420:disclaimer
1397:physicians
1393:fraudulent
1272:Bonnore's
1246:carcinogen
1242:Phenacetin
1219:Antifebrin
1143:turpentine
1020:con artist
949:Li'l Abner
889:Swamp Root
848:March 2024
703:Muscle man
699:vaudeville
641:newspapers
574:journalism
558:apothecary
520:Homeopathy
309:analgesics
293:trade name
191:newspapers
57:improve it
4158:Resources
4088:Mehmet Oz
3906:Polygraph
3856:Feng shui
3824:Dianetics
3799:Astrology
3664:Pseudolaw
3470:Radionics
3445:Palmistry
3410:Iridology
3212:Snake oil
3155:Charlatan
2973:23 August
2942:23 August
2916:23 August
2909:Medicines
2882:23 August
2863:23 August
2844:23 August
2795:USA Today
2157:24 August
2092:24 August
2027:Footnotes
2011:Snake oil
1990:Opodeldoc
1965:Blue mass
1952:Gastritis
1948:Heartburn
1944:Dyspepsia
1892:Dr Pepper
1887:Coca-Cola
1860:cocktails
1856:Coca-Cola
1643:BC Powder
1363:Muckraker
1354:Snake Oil
1330:abscesses
1322:paralysis
1302:neuralgia
1211:analgesic
1185:diuretics
1177:laxatives
1158:Coca-Cola
1151:capsaicin
1114:paralysis
887:Kilmer's
840:citations
832:talk page
723:Modoc War
680:Moby-Dick
666:USA Today
536:Tom Jones
496:occultism
484:physician
468:stomachic
462:and even
395:charlatan
387:snake oil
383:liniments
379:poisoning
347:liniments
317:laxatives
313:sedatives
289:trademark
273:Collier's
107:talk page
63:talk page
3846:Eugenics
3829:Auditing
3405:Humorism
3380:Fad diet
3328:Cryonics
3288:Ayurveda
3251:Medicine
3207:Quackery
3076:Archived
2720:(1905).
2705:18885618
2687:-acetyl
2671:18885611
2650:(1948),
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2608:17227290
2564:18885610
2542:-acetyl
2520:: 561–64
2484:11 April
2264:. 1961.
2183:5 August
2000:Quackery
1934:See also
1464:vitamins
1432:Relacore
1357:Liniment
1314:necrosis
1306:epilepsy
1237:damage.
1223:cyanosis
1196:laudanum
1193:tincture
1179:such as
1129:at the
1119:jake-leg
1078:cannabis
1063:liqueurs
1048:procaine
1016:Radithor
937:Oklahoma
933:Kickapoo
715:Kickapoo
707:salesman
625:almanacs
621:American
560:'s shop.
541:panaceas
492:symptoms
488:diseases
472:pharmacy
448:branding
355:panaceas
351:nostrums
321:antacids
221:May 2014
101:You may
3993:Clonaid
3926:Ufology
3836:Dowsing
3789:Alchemy
3756:EMDrive
3712:Physics
3338:Cupping
3239:Topics
3092:library
2730:30 July
2599:6506194
2207:Ty Cobb
1815:scholar
1734:VapoRub
1679:Geritol
1629:/Anadin
1549:scholar
1428:Calorad
1389:statute
1340:light.
1298:cholera
1225:due to
1166:cocaine
1147:camphor
1044:cocaine
1000:uranium
977:muscles
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661:Gannett
645:Comfort
578:England
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913:nature
725:scout
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3160:Crank
2655:(PDF)
1917:Moxie
1822:JSTOR
1808:books
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1670:Pills
1556:JSTOR
1542:books
1475:Latin
1367:death
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1198:with
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