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clear that the protesters had different roles based on which job they were striking against. The ribbon weavers were skilled workers who, having previous militant struggles, helped to educate the strikers on their rights. Ribbon weavers were also advocates for higher wages, as they believed that since they were being more productive with the introduction of the looms, and thus their productivity rate was also higher, they should be getting paid more. They even went so far as to demand that the three- and four-loom systems be completely removed from the mills. The workers believed that the introduction of these mills was stealing jobs away from them and was also lowering their wages. Furthermore, socialism had long been a strong belief of the ribbon weavers, directly clashing with the capitalistic manufacturers and bosses. This resentment finally bubbled over in 1913 during the strikes under the ribbon workers rule of their then-current spokesman, Louis Magnet. Manufacturers responded with a seven-part statement criticizing the economic viability of the demands, among other concerns.
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owners and reduced demand for more expensive male laborers, bidding down their wages. In addition, technological advances in silk production reduced demand for skilled labor in the silk mills of
Paterson. New technology in silk mills in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts which allowed weavers to run multiple looms at once posed significant competition to smaller New Jersey shops which manufactured silk much less efficiently and at a much higher cost. In response to these much larger corporate mills with multiple-loom systems – and in order to stay in business in the long run – New Jersey's mills had to respond by adopting the more efficient technology. High skilled weavers such as those in ribbon shops thus fought against multiple-loom systems. The reduced labor intensity of the new silk industry also meant that low skilled broad-silk weavers would be displaced and hurt by the industry changes. All weavers also wanted to shorten their work days and establish a certain minimum wage.
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528:) to undercut the strike, they were unable to extend the strike to the annexes of the Paterson mills in Pennsylvania. Paterson manufacturers, victorious but frightened, held back for another decade. Strike supporters were torn apart as a result of the defeat, and the IWW never fully recovered in Eastern America.
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on June 7, 1913, and drew 150,000 attendees. The strikers were brought into
Manhattan on a hired train and marched up Fifth Avenue in what was either a pre-show rally or performative protest before reaching the performance venue. The pageant was organized episodically and invited audience involvement
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Once the home of Maria and Pietro Botto, immigrant silk workers from northern Italy, the landmark played a major role in the reform of the
American workplace. During the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913, it served as a rallying point for thousands of striking workers and their families who advocated the
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Despite the minor success of the pageant, which still came at a loss (since the strikers were allowed in for 10 cents a piece or free instead of the full price of the dollar seats each) which operated at a loss of $ 2,000, the strikers were defeated. Still the IWW managed to help the hungry strikers
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in
Lawrence, Massachusetts, where laborers were able to successfully pressure mill owners to raise wages, later galvanizing support from left-leaning intellectual groups. The successful strike helped attract interest from intellectual circles in Paterson's labor movements, and gave union organizers
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sympathetic to the striker's cause came up with the idea to organize a pageant play in which the events of the strike were reenacted. Haywood and the strike committee worked closely with John Reed on the writing and staging of the pageant, which integrated the strikers' ideas and lived experiences.
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by recruiting thousands of workers. Two weeks into the strike, all types of weavers united to create a list of demands directed to mill owners and employers, ranging from minimum age restrictions to protect children to abolishing the multiple-loom systems to ensure the presence of jobs. It became
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organization was the main outside agent behind both the
Lawrence textile strike and the Paterson silk strike. On February 25, 1913, the first day of the strike, the IWW's prominent feminist leader Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was arrested after giving a talk on uniting strikers across racial boundaries.
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Ultimately, the strike ended in failure on July 28, 1913. Scholars cite an important reason for this failure as
Paterson's necessary adaptation to the new machinery and new economics of the silk industry. Manufacturers would not acquiesce to the demands of strikers because they simply could not.
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The
Paterson strikers mobilized after years of declining wages, continued poor working conditions, and long work days. The increasing number of women and children in the labor supply due to changing social customs and improved health through technological advances provided cheaper labor for mill
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in 1911. The multiple-loom system of this mill upset workers who feared the inevitable transformation of all of
Paterson's mills and the subsequent loss of jobs. In response, sixty weavers struck, beginning a string of union meetings with business agents to negotiate wages for silk workers in
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393:, race, gender, and manufacturing expertise all caused internal dissension among the striking parties and this led many reformist intellectuals in the Northeast to question their effectiveness. A major turning point for these labor movements occurred in 1912 during the
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The city's suspicion that IWW was responsible for radical protest tactics was in direct conflict with IWW philosophy. Labor leaders within the IWW promoted grassroots mobilization and allowed the strikers freedom to choose the direction of their militancy.
431:, also supported the idea that the strikes were primarily the result of the IWW's propaganda. Regardless, the strikes were carried out for months even after the arrest of IWW leaders, dispelling the notion that the workers were only agitated by outsiders.
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The authorities charged her and her fellow speakers with inciting violence through radical speech. Before the Senate
Commission on Industrial Relations, police captain Andrew J. McBride upheld these charges, claiming that the revolutionary air among the
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Paterson's strike was part of a series of industrial strikes in the garment and textile industries of the
American East from 1909 to 1913. The participants of these strikes were largely immigrant factory workers from southern and eastern Europe.
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More than 10,000 of Paterson's silk workers walked out today in answer to the national strike call of the United Textile Workers, according to Eli Keller, secretary of the local unit of the American Federation of Silk
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children into foster homes to ease their way of life and provide food and aid while their parents and workers were striking. Although they had shut down Paterson and beaten off an attempt by the AFL (
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and improved working conditions. The strike began in February 1913, and ended five months later, on July 28. During the course of the strike, approximately 1,850 strikers were arrested, including
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510:, one of Reed's former classmates, was commissioned to design the set for the pageant. All in all between 800 and 1000 workers participated in the Paterson strike pageant, which was held at
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Two were killed in the strike: bystander Valentino Modestino, fatally shot by a private guard on April 17, and striking worker Vincenzo Madonna, fatally shot by a strikebreaker on June 29.
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957:"10,000 Leave Jobs In Paterson Mills; Silk Union Making Drive to Induce 7,000 Others to Join Walkout. Employers Threaten Court Action, Holding Contract Broken. 1,500 Idle in Hudson County"
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Political cartoon of a silk producer who is holding a flag on which is written "To hell with your laws! I'll get Haywood. Elizabeth Flynn, or anyone else who interferes with my profits."
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Paterson. The following year, Edwald Koettgen formed the Eight-Hour League in Paterson, championing the idea of an eight-hour work day, sowing the final seeds of the 1913 strike.
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Labor leaders involved developed and repurposed their own speeches for inclusion in the pageant and even wrote some of the music.
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Wilmer, S. E. and Wilmeth, D.B. The role of workers in the nation: The Paterson Strike Pageant.
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was caused by and could be attributed to the IWW. Paterson's mayor at the time, Dr.
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Great Falls/Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures Historic District
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to the extent that some critics have referred to the pageant as a public ritual.
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With the help of the IWW, Paterson silk workers were able to put together a
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Theatre, Society and the Nation : Staging American Identities
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Bill Haywood and his entourage in Paterson during the silk strike.
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Work stoppage involving silk mill workers in Paterson, New Jersey
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30:"Paterson silk strike" redirects here. For the 1902 strike, see
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640:"Paterson Silk Strike, 1913." Social Welfare History Project"
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List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America
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Paterson, New Jersey with the textile mills on the right,
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Labor disputes led by the Industrial Workers of the World
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Textile and clothing labor disputes in the United States
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The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest
349:. The strike involved demands for establishment of an
857:(Vol. 5, pp. 2623–2624). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
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1699:Rosa L. Parks School of Fine and Performing Arts
631:The I.W.W. and the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913
894:. Temple University Press. pp. 104, 180.
891:The Fragile Bridge: Paterson Silk Strike, 1913
620:The Fragile Bridge: Paterson Silk Strike, 1913
479:Industrial Workers of the World pageant poster
3338:Industrial Workers of the World in New Jersey
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3146:1885 attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers
2133:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
1439:Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union
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1967:
1953:
1945:
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1381:Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union
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1131:1916–1917 northern Minnesota lumber strike
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3267:Mass racial violence in the United States
2678:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
2235:Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911
1401:Marine Transport Workers Industrial Union
1396:Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee
944:eight-hour day and an end to child labor.
624:. Philadelphia]: Temple University Press.
539:The strike was featured in the 1981 film
633:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
2960:Pacific Electric Railway strike of 1903
1479:Workers' International Industrial Union
653:
3232:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
3073:1899 Coeur d'Alene labor confrontation
2876:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
2844:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
2384:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
2154:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
2587:1895 New Orleans dockworkers massacre
2389:Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913
1121:Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916
1086:1912–1913 Little Falls textile strike
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3328:Progressive Era in the United States
2995:Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
2938:Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871
1802:St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center
1272:List of General Secretary-Treasurers
866:
2965:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
2504:1912 Forsyth County racial conflict
1983:in the history of the United States
1844:Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works
1807:St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church
923:"Botto House/American Labor Museum"
840:, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
3288:1910s strikes in the United States
2481:Pensacola streetcar strike of 1908
2298:St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900
2275:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914
2071:Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877
1391:Education Workers Industrial Union
1071:1912 New York City waiters' strike
545:. It is commemorated today at the
25:
2149:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
1745:Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
1602:Old Great Falls Historic District
1429:Agricultural Workers Organization
3242:1914 Butte, Montana, labor riots
3237:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
2122:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
1728:Passaic County Community College
1255:
1050:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
577:
563:
471:Pageant in Madison Square Garden
151:Textile strikes in United States
3313:History of Paterson, New Jersey
3293:1913 labor disputes and strikes
3062:1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike
2623:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
2190:Chicago railroad strike of 1877
2053:New York City Food Riot of 1917
1434:Lumber Workers Industrial Union
1202:Stockton cannery strike of 1937
1182:1922 New England Textile Strike
1014:Industrial Workers of the World
420:Industrial Workers of the World
355:Industrial Workers of the World
345:involving silk mill workers in
3308:Economic history of New Jersey
2225:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
2117:Anthracite coal strike of 1902
2048:1874 Tompkins Square Park riot
1192:1927–1928 Colorado Coal Strike
1187:1923 San Pedro maritime strike
1:
2832:Battle of the Grapevine Creek
2821:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
2293:1877 St. Louis general strike
2230:Springfield race riot of 1908
2013:1880 Garret Rock May Day riot
1706:Paterson Catholic High School
1091:1913 El Paso smelters' strike
1045:1907 Skowhegan textile strike
378:
3333:Labor disputes in New Jersey
2641:Enid–Pond Creek Railroad War
2547:New Orleans Massacre of 1866
2159:1912 Lawrence textile strike
1829:1835 Paterson textile strike
1474:Western Federation of Miners
1066:1912 Lawrence textile strike
927:Pietro and Maria Botto House
593:1835 Paterson textile strike
547:Pietro and Maria Botto House
526:American Federation of Labor
18:Paterson silk strike of 1913
2127:Philadelphia general strike
1767:Great Falls (Passaic River)
1755:Garret Mountain Reservation
1694:John F. Kennedy High School
1233:2018–2019 Education strikes
1218:1964 Mount Isa Mines strike
1040:First Convention of the IWW
255:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills
3354:
2943:San Francisco riot of 1877
2871:Meridian race riot of 1871
2582:1891 New Orleans lynchings
2499:1906 Atlanta race massacre
2328:1909 Omaha anti-Greek riot
1777:Passaic County Court House
1658:Paterson Police Department
660:The Samuel Gompers Papers.
629:Tripp, Anne Huber (1987).
603:New Jersey Digital Highway
482:
29:
2426:Election Massacre of 1874
2076:Reading Railroad Massacre
2018:1913 Paterson silk strike
1935:
1839:1913 Paterson silk strike
1834:1902 Paterson silk strike
1723:Danforth Memorial Library
1689:International High School
1487:
1386:Burgerville Workers Union
1376:
1253:
1197:1933 Yakima Valley strike
1111:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
1096:1913 Paterson silk strike
598:1902 Paterson silk strike
339:1913 Paterson silk strike
157:
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32:1902 Paterson silk strike
3103:Battle of Lincoln (1878)
3037:Honolulu Courthouse riot
2976:Preparedness Day Bombing
2708:Memphis massacre of 1866
2653:McIntosh County Seat War
2346:Cincinnati riots of 1884
2303:St. Louis bullfight riot
1937:This list is incomplete.
1797:Public School Number Two
1648:Paterson Fire Department
1464:Glossary of Wobbly terms
638:Paul, Catherine (2018).
2849:West Virginia coal wars
2792:Slocum Massacre of 1910
2570:Battle of Liberty Place
2456:Hartford coal mine riot
2246:East St. Louis massacre
2082:Scranton general strike
1674:Paterson Public Schools
1491:Organized Labour portal
1411:United Campaign Workers
1406:Starbucks Workers Union
1228:2011 Wisconsin protests
585:Organized labour portal
395:Lawrence textile strike
3012:Colorado Coalfield War
2838:Tucker County Seat War
2774:Jaybird–Woodpecker War
2725:Battle of Depot Street
2088:1877 Shamokin uprising
1927:Spanish Transportation
1684:Garrett Morgan Academy
1282:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
1177:Anaconda Road massacre
1151:Seattle General Strike
1116:1913 Studebaker strike
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447:
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363:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
65:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
3186:Rock Springs massacre
3121:Hells Canyon Massacre
2948:Mussel Slough Tragedy
2932:Anti-Chinese violence
2768:San Elizario Salt War
2689:Phoenix election riot
2647:Brooks–McFarland feud
2357:May Day riots of 1894
1912:Broadway Bus Terminal
1243:2021 Frito-Lay strike
1238:Lyft and Uber strikes
888:Golin, Steve (1992).
616:Golin, Steve (1988).
549:National Landmark in
512:Madison Square Garden
478:
445:
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376:
3156:Seattle riot of 1886
2803:Houston riot of 1917
2659:Green Corn Rebellion
2592:Robert Charles riots
2528:French–Eversole feud
1922:Paterson NJT station
1679:Eastside High School
1532:Paterson, New Jersey
1342:Industrial democracy
1141:Green Corn Rebellion
347:Paterson, New Jersey
304:Lewiston-Auburn shoe
86:Paterson, New Jersey
44:Paterson silk strike
3151:Tacoma riot of 1885
3006:Colorado Labor Wars
2907:Pleasant Valley War
2826:Lincoln County feud
2780:Reese–Townsend feud
1469:Little Red Songbook
1357:Solidarity unionism
1347:Industrial unionism
963:. September 6, 1934
855:1500 to the Present
551:Haledon, New Jersey
508:Robert Edmond Jones
452:Clifton, New Jersey
292:Los Angeles garment
210:New York shirtwaist
3298:1913 in New Jersey
3221:Fence Cutting Wars
3192:Johnson County War
3127:Sheepshooters' War
3097:Lincoln County War
3067:Deep Creek murders
3000:Colorado Range War
2970:Wheatland hop riot
2913:Bisbee Deportation
2786:Brownsville affair
2750:Sutton–Taylor feud
2576:Thibodaux massacre
2564:Coushatta massacre
2552:Opelousas massacre
2475:Barber–Mizell feud
2362:Akron riot of 1900
2207:Illinois coal wars
1787:Paterson City Hall
1772:Hinchliffe Stadium
1459:Free speech fights
1156:Centralia massacre
1136:Bisbee Deportation
1081:Wheatland hop riot
933:on August 15, 2010
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448:
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96:Eight-hour workday
57:Patrick L. Quinlan
3275:
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3091:Colfax County War
2954:Castaic Range War
2884:
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2744:Early–Hasley feud
2450:Brooks–Baxter War
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2378:Bay View massacre
2270:1894 Detroit riot
2265:1891 Detroit riot
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2099:Morewood massacre
1942:
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1858:Culture and Media
1548:Downtown Paterson
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1170:1920s & 1930s
571:New Jersey portal
429:Andrew F. McBride
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3255:Related articles
3167:Everett massacre
3161:Bellingham riots
2895:
2866:Greene–Jones War
2797:Boyce–Sneed feud
2762:Mason County War
2683:Hamburg massacre
2522:Rowan County War
2408:
2322:Camp Dump strike
2213:Battle of Virden
2195:Haymarket affair
2178:
2105:Homestead strike
2001:
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1946:
1812:Barnert Hospital
1750:Center City Mall
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1492:
1374:
1369:
1329:
1259:
1126:Everett massacre
1101:Paterson pageant
1030:
1025:
1015:
1006:
999:
992:
983:
977:
976:
970:
968:
953:
947:
946:
940:
938:
929:. Archived from
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
885:
879:
876:
870:
864:
858:
847:
841:
834:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
661:
658:
643:
634:
625:
623:
587:
582:
581:
573:
568:
567:
566:
485:Paterson pageant
383:
380:
238:
191:North Adams shoe
185:New England shoe
152:
144:
137:
130:
121:
53:
41:
21:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3323:Silk production
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3246:
3203:
3172:
3132:
3107:
3077:
3048:
3023:
3018:Ludlow Massacre
2981:
2918:
2880:
2854:
2807:
2730:
2694:
2664:
2627:
2617:Kirk–Holden war
2603:
2558:Colfax massacre
2533:
2508:
2485:
2461:
2436:
2393:
2366:
2332:
2308:
2279:
2251:
2240:Aldermen's wars
2163:
2137:
2093:Pittsburgh riot
2057:
2036:Mamaroneck riot
2022:
1990:
1973:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1900:
1853:
1817:
1792:Paterson Museum
1782:Paterson Armory
1733:
1716:Other education
1711:
1662:
1636:
1534:
1529:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1443:
1415:
1367:
1361:
1327:
1321:
1307:Matilda Robbins
1260:
1247:
1206:
1165:
1106:Hopedale strike
1054:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1010:
980:
966:
964:
955:
954:
950:
936:
934:
921:
920:
916:
906:
904:
902:
887:
886:
882:
877:
873:
865:
861:
848:
844:
835:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
772:
768:
760:
756:
748:
744:
736:
732:
724:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
664:
659:
655:
651:
646:
637:
628:
615:
611:
583:
576:
569:
564:
562:
559:
534:
521:
487:
473:
408:
381:
371:
335:
334:
333:
328:
310:Montreal Cotton
236:
216:Chicago garment
153:
150:
148:
88:
76:
55:Strike leaders
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3351:
3349:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2756:Las Cuevas War
2753:
2747:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2719:Coal Creek War
2716:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2670:South Carolina
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2609:North Carolina
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2423:
2420:Eutaw massacre
2416:
2414:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2201:Pullman Strike
2198:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1905:Transportation
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1866:The Arab Voice
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:Lambert Castle
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1627:Totowa section
1624:
1619:
1617:South Paterson
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1452:Related topics
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:Eugene V. Debs
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Redwood Summer
1220:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
979:
978:
961:New York Times
948:
914:
900:
880:
871:
859:
842:
826:
824:, p. 222.
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:
715:
703:
701:, p. 214.
691:
679:
662:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
635:
626:
612:
610:
607:
606:
605:
600:
595:
589:
588:
574:
558:
555:
533:
530:
520:
517:
491:Walter Lippman
483:Main article:
472:
469:
460:general strike
407:
404:
391:Class division
370:
367:
357:(IWW) leaders
351:eight-hour day
330:
329:
327:
326:
319:
318:
314:
313:
307:
301:
295:
288:
287:
283:
282:
276:
270:
264:
258:
252:
246:
240:
231:
225:
219:
213:
207:
200:
199:
195:
194:
188:
182:
176:
170:
163:
162:
158:
155:
154:
149:
147:
146:
139:
132:
124:
116:
115:
113:demonstrations
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
84:
82:
78:
77:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3350:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3215:Railroad Wars
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:(1860s–1890s)
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2813:West Virginia
2810:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2351:Reservoir war
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:People's Park
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:Eastside Park
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1540:Neighborhoods
1537:
1533:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1440:
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1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:One Big Union
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Dual unionism
1335:
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1332:
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1147:
1146:Tulsa Outrage
1144:
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839:
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831:
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823:
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815:
812:, p. 87.
811:
806:
803:
800:, p. 63.
799:
794:
791:
788:, p. 45.
787:
782:
779:
776:, p. 58.
775:
770:
767:
764:, p. 14.
763:
758:
755:
752:, p. 13.
751:
746:
743:
740:, p. 12.
739:
734:
731:
728:, p. 76.
727:
722:
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432:
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425:textile mills
421:
412:
405:
403:
399:
396:
392:
375:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:work stoppage
340:
324:
323:NYC Chinatown
321:
320:
316:
315:
311:
308:
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302:
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296:
293:
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289:
285:
284:
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259:
256:
253:
250:
249:Ipswich Mills
247:
244:
243:Paterson silk
241:
235:
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83:
79:
74:
70:
69:Adolph Lessig
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3099:(1878; 1881)
2713:Pulaski riot
2063:Pennsylvania
2042:Orange Riots
2017:
1980:civil unrest
1893:
1885:
1877:
1864:
1838:
1632:Wrigley Park
1558:Little Italy
1420:
1312:Carlo Tresca
1302:Lucy Parsons
1297:Frank Little
1287:Bill Haywood
1095:
972:
965:. Retrieved
960:
951:
942:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
917:
905:. Retrieved
890:
883:
874:
862:
854:
850:
845:
837:
817:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
706:
694:
689:, p. 3.
682:
677:, p. 6.
656:
630:
619:
541:
538:
535:
522:
488:
465:
457:
449:
437:Bill Haywood
433:
417:
400:
387:
359:Bill Haywood
338:
336:
242:
228:Little Falls
73:Bill Haywood
61:Carlo Tresca
36:
3228:(1870–1920)
3217:(1864–1912)
3194:(1889–1893)
3129:(1895–1906)
3093:(1873–1888)
3045:(1893–1894)
3014:(1913–1914)
3008:(1903–1904)
2956:(1890–1916)
2909:(1882–1892)
2851:(1912–1921)
2840:(1888–1893)
2828:(1878–1890)
2799:(1911–1912)
2782:(1898–1907)
2776:(1888–1889)
2770:(1877–1878)
2764:(1875–1876)
2752:(1868–1876)
2746:(1865–1869)
2721:(1891–1892)
2655:(1907–1909)
2649:(1896–1902)
2643:(1893–1894)
2598:Grabow riot
2530:(1887–1894)
2524:(1884–1887)
2433:(1892–1893)
2431:Mitcham War
2242:(1916–1921)
2209:(1898–1900)
2044:(1870–1871)
1730:Main Campus
1622:Stoney Road
1563:Little Lima
1161:Bisbee Riot
1076:Grabow riot
499:Mabel Dodge
495:Max Eastman
382: 1906
317:1980s–2000s
286:1930s–1970s
273:New Bedford
261:New England
198:1900s–1920s
3282:Categories
3226:Sheep wars
3138:Washington
3083:New Mexico
3043:Black Week
2924:California
2005:New Jersey
1895:The Record
1879:Lean on Me
1641:Government
1612:Sandy Hill
1328:Philosophy
1317:Ben Legere
1211:After 1940
822:Tripp 1987
810:Tripp 1987
798:Tripp 1987
786:Tripp 1987
774:Tripp 1987
762:Golin 1988
750:Golin 1988
738:Golin 1988
726:Tripp 1987
711:Tripp 1987
699:Tripp 1987
687:Golin 1988
675:Golin 1988
649:References
369:Background
279:Loray Mill
179:Mill Women
167:Mill Women
2700:Tennessee
2539:Louisiana
2219:Pana riot
1996:Northeast
1987:1865–1918
1738:Landmarks
1597:Northside
1587:Hillcrest
907:April 24,
867:Paul 2018
503:John Reed
257:1914–1915
230:1912–1913
204:Skowhegan
2987:Colorado
2633:Oklahoma
2514:Kentucky
2442:Arkansas
2314:Nebraska
2285:Missouri
2257:Michigan
2182:Illinois
2028:New York
1887:Paterson
1872:Paterson
1814:(closed)
1708:(closed)
1592:Lakeview
1570:Eastside
1368:Sections
1292:Joe Hill
974:Workers.
967:July 30,
937:July 30,
557:See also
298:National
234:Hopedale
222:Lawrence
173:Paterson
81:Location
3178:Wyoming
2899:Arizona
2491:Georgia
2467:Florida
2412:Alabama
2173:Midwest
1917:Bridges
1822:History
1667:Schools
1421:Extinct
1024:History
609:Sources
267:Passaic
109:protest
105:Strikes
101:Methods
3208:Others
3200:(1909)
3188:(1885)
3169:(1916)
3163:(1907)
3123:(1887)
3113:Oregon
3069:(1896)
3039:(1874)
3029:Hawaii
3020:(1914)
3002:(1900)
2978:(1916)
2972:(1913)
2950:(1880)
2915:(1917)
2859:Others
2834:(1888)
2788:(1906)
2758:(1875)
2727:(1897)
2715:(1868)
2691:(1898)
2685:(1876)
2661:(1917)
2619:(1870)
2600:(1912)
2594:(1900)
2578:(1887)
2572:(1874)
2566:(1874)
2560:(1873)
2554:(1868)
2477:(1870)
2458:(1914)
2452:(1874)
2422:(1870)
2380:(1886)
2371:Others
2353:(1887)
2324:(1882)
2305:(1904)
2248:(1917)
2221:(1899)
2215:(1898)
2203:(1894)
2197:(1886)
2142:Others
2129:(1910)
2113:(1897)
2107:(1892)
2101:(1891)
2095:(1886)
2084:(1877)
2078:(1877)
2038:(1870)
1890:(film)
1882:(film)
1874:(poem)
1553:Dublin
1265:People
898:
532:Legacy
519:Defeat
501:, and
406:Strike
341:was a
237:
71:, and
3054:Idaho
2736:Texas
2403:South
1976:Riots
1653:Mayor
1059:1910s
1033:1900s
161:1800s
93:Goals
2890:West
2338:Ohio
1978:and
969:2010
939:2010
909:2016
896:ISBN
542:Reds
418:The
361:and
337:The
325:1982
312:1946
306:1937
300:1934
294:1933
281:1929
275:1928
269:1926
263:1922
251:1913
245:1913
239:1913
224:1912
218:1910
212:1909
206:1907
193:1870
187:1860
181:1836
175:1835
169:1834
3284::
971:.
959:.
941:.
925:.
853::
829:^
718:^
665:^
497:,
493:,
379:c.
365:.
111:,
107:,
67:,
63:,
59:,
1989:)
1985:(
1968:e
1961:t
1954:v
1524:e
1517:t
1510:v
1005:e
998:t
991:v
911:.
869:.
642:.
384:.
143:e
136:t
129:v
75:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
