257:, the region where Maga received the most votes. Outraged, Maga threatened to secede unless he was declared President. Apithy stated that he would convince his region to join Nigeria if Maga took the presidency. The three former Presidents agreed to a hasty compromise to prevent a civil war. A presidential council, comprising Maga, Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, and Apithy, with a presidency that changed every two years, was set up on May 7. Maga inaugurated this system for the first two years, before passing the power, on May 7, 1972, to Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin.
938:
154:
964:
835:
237:
of the
Gendarmie occupying the third seat. An election was held on March 28, 1970, to determine the true president. It was marked by a series of violent outbursts; unvalidated reports state that six people were killed were wounded at incidents in Parakou on the eve of the elections. Former presidents
272:
garrison, he also attempted to take over government buildings and murder de Souza. Over the course of the operation, assailant Major
Moumouni was mortally wounded by de Souza's bullets. de Souza, meanwhile, escaped with only a slight injury. The plot was foiled, although Maga cancelled a visit to
31:
233:, though the military did not recognize the latter. de Souza was briefly put under house arrest in the aftermath. Since the two men could not end their quarrels, a Military Directorate was established with de Souza as its chairman, Kouandete a member, and Col.
333:
810:
304:
1050:
153:
280:
seized power in
October 1972, de Souza was dismissed from the army. He was appointed commissioner of the national Agricultural Credit Bank (SOCAD).
740:
1045:
625:
213:'s Director of Military Affairs. For the most part de Souza tried to stay out of politics if he could and led the parachutist unit at
918:
863:
247:
803:
771:
701:
667:
537:
942:
1055:
908:
796:
823:
312:
351:
878:
898:
883:
230:
68:
205:, as well as being one of the three officers on the Comité. It had very few functions other than to advise
893:
226:
571:
506:
284:
142:
987:
977:
951:
925:
277:
273:
France to attend the matter at hand. Kouandété received the death penalty for his role in the attack.
209:
and was abolished on April 6, 1967. When Soglo was overthrown later that year, de Souza was chosen as
1040:
1035:
659:
567:
502:
45:
858:
839:
728:
243:
210:
819:
732:
579:
514:
254:
982:
777:
767:
746:
736:
707:
697:
673:
663:
250:
received a majority of the vote in the north, southeast, and southwest/central, respectively.
992:
873:
868:
853:
763:
305:"M. Paul-Emile de SOUZA 12/12/1969 – 07/05/1970 | Portail Officiel du Gouvernement Béninois"
283:
Paul-Émile de Souza died on June 17, 1999, aged 68. His widow, former First Lady of
Dahomey
206:
174:
265:
Colonel Paul-Émile De Souza returned to his role as Chief of Staff of the
Dahomeyan Army.
234:
186:
30:
888:
686:
112:
177:. He was chairman of the Directory of Dahomey from December 13, 1969, to May 7, 1970.
1029:
997:
542:
190:
693:
913:
848:
239:
80:
268:
Kouandété attempted to usurp to power again on
February 23, 1972. Leading the
788:
711:
507:"Slayings Reported and Regional Tension Rises as Dahomey Votes for President"
750:
721:
781:
677:
128:
108:
269:
214:
369:
968:
170:
132:
601:
792:
656:
Historical
Dictionary of Dahomey (People's Republic of Benin)
626:"Bénin: L'ex Première Dame Françoise De Souza s'en est allé"
684:
Hudgens, Jim; Trillo, Richard; Calonnec, Nathalie (2003),
334:"Le géneral Paul Emile Souza ancien président du Dahomey"
201:
In 1966, de Souza was selected as vice president of the
572:"Dahomean Sergeant Slain In Attack on Chief of Staff"
477:
960:
934:
831:
538:"Justin Tomêtin Ahomadégbé Éphémère chef de l'État"
185:Paul-Emile de Souza was born into the aristocratic
148:
138:
118:
95:
90:
74:
62:
44:
21:
720:
685:
804:
473:
471:
469:
253:de Souza decided to nullify the results from
8:
193:, Dahomey. His wife was Françoise De Souza.
811:
797:
789:
456:
454:
429:
427:
425:
29:
18:
760:Dahomey: Between Tradition and Modernity
58:December 13, 1969 – May 7, 1970
16:Beninese military officer and politician
296:
562:
560:
489:
433:
416:
404:
392:
169:(July 14, 1930 – June 17, 1999) was a
460:
445:
189:on July 14, 1930. His birthplace was
7:
46:Chairman of the Directory of Dahomey
536:Kpatindé, Francis (25 March 2002),
478:Hudgens, Trillo & Calonnec 2003
14:
1051:20th-century Beninese politicians
546:(in French), Groupe Jeune Afrique
962:
936:
833:
152:
1013:
688:The Rough Guide to West Africa
203:Comité de Rénovation Nationale
1:
35:President Paul-Émile de Souza
766:: Cornell University Press,
1046:Beninese military personnel
311:(in French). Archived from
1072:
943:People's Republic of Benin
1006:
727:, Cultures of the World,
287:, died on July 30, 2015.
248:Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin
160:
86:
51:
40:
28:
654:Decalo, Samuel (1976),
719:Kneib, Martha (2007),
225:On December 10, 1969,
909:Presidential Council
660:Metuchen, New Jersey
570:(24 February 1972),
568:Agence France-Presse
503:Agence France-Presse
1056:People from Bohicon
840:Republic of Dahomey
820:Presidents of Benin
758:Ronen, Dov (1975),
729:Tarrytown, New York
662:: Scarecrow Press,
244:Sourou-Migan Apithy
227:Émile Derlin Zinsou
211:Emile Derlin Zinsou
167:Paul-Émile de Souza
23:Paul-Émile de Souza
919:Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin
864:Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin
733:Marshall Cavendish
580:The New York Times
515:The New York Times
285:Françoise De Souza
229:was overthrown by
143:Françoise De Souza
1023:
1022:
969:Republic of Benin
742:978-0-7614-2328-7
630:AfricaHotNews.com
505:(27 March 1970),
419:, pp. 54–55.
370:"Countries Ba-Bo"
231:Maurice Kouandété
173:army officer and
164:
163:
69:Maurice Kouandété
1063:
1017:
1014:
1010:
967:
966:
965:
941:
940:
939:
838:
837:
836:
813:
806:
799:
790:
784:
764:Ithaca, New York
753:
726:
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691:
680:
641:
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622:
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598:
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431:
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366:
360:
359:
352:"Search results"
348:
342:
341:
330:
324:
323:
321:
320:
301:
207:Christophe Soglo
181:Birth and family
175:political figure
156:
125:
105:
103:
91:Personal details
77:
65:
56:
33:
19:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
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1060:
1026:
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1024:
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827:
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484:
476:
467:
459:
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440:
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423:
415:
411:
403:
399:
391:
387:
378:
376:
368:
367:
363:
350:
349:
345:
340:. 22 June 1999.
332:
331:
327:
318:
316:
303:
302:
298:
293:
278:Mathieu Kérékou
263:
235:Benoit Sinzogan
223:
199:
197:Military career
187:De Souza family
183:
127:
123:
107:
101:
99:
75:
63:
57:
52:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
972:
971:(1990–present)
958:
957:
955:
954:
948:
946:
932:
931:
929:
928:
923:
922:
921:
916:
906:
901:
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891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
845:
843:
829:
828:
818:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
787:
786:
772:
755:
741:
716:
702:
681:
668:
649:
646:
643:
642:
617:
593:
556:
528:
494:
482:
480:, p. 893.
465:
450:
448:, p. 214.
438:
421:
409:
397:
385:
361:
356:www.google.com
343:
325:
295:
294:
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289:
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219:
198:
195:
182:
179:
162:
161:
158:
157:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
126:(aged 68)
120:
116:
115:
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
49:
48:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1068:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
970:
959:
953:
950:
949:
947:
944:
933:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
844:
841:
830:
825:
821:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
783:
779:
775:
773:0-8014-0927-6
769:
765:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
734:
730:
725:
724:
717:
713:
709:
705:
703:1-84353-118-6
699:
695:
690:
689:
682:
679:
675:
671:
669:0-8108-0833-1
665:
661:
657:
652:
651:
647:
631:
627:
621:
618:
607:
603:
602:"Index Sm-Ss"
597:
594:
582:
581:
573:
569:
563:
561:
557:
545:
544:
543:Jeune Afrique
539:
532:
529:
517:
516:
508:
504:
498:
495:
492:, p. 86.
491:
486:
483:
479:
474:
472:
470:
466:
463:, p. 21.
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
442:
439:
436:, p. 55.
435:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
413:
410:
407:, p. 37.
406:
401:
398:
395:, p. 54.
394:
389:
386:
375:
371:
365:
362:
357:
353:
347:
344:
339:
335:
329:
326:
315:on 2017-06-24
314:
310:
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297:
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288:
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251:
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236:
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196:
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180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
122:June 17, 1999
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:July 14, 1930
98:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:
73:
70:
67:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
903:
759:
722:
694:Rough Guides
687:
655:
648:Bibliography
634:. Retrieved
632:. 2015-07-31
629:
620:
609:. Retrieved
605:
596:
585:, retrieved
578:
548:, retrieved
541:
531:
520:, retrieved
513:
497:
485:
441:
412:
400:
388:
377:. Retrieved
373:
364:
355:
346:
337:
328:
317:. Retrieved
313:the original
308:
299:
282:
275:
267:
264:
252:
224:
221:Chairmanship
202:
200:
184:
166:
165:
124:(1999-06-17)
76:Succeeded by
53:
1041:1999 deaths
1036:1930 births
945:(1975–1990)
842:(1960–1975)
583:, p. 9
518:, p. 6
490:Decalo 1976
434:Decalo 1976
417:Decalo 1976
405:Decalo 1976
393:Decalo 1976
338:Le Monde.fr
240:Hubert Maga
81:Hubert Maga
64:Preceded by
1030:Categories
692:, London:
636:2021-07-28
611:2008-12-15
606:Rulers.org
587:2008-12-16
550:2008-11-14
522:2008-12-14
461:Kneib 2007
446:Ronen 1975
379:2008-12-15
374:Rulers.org
319:2017-04-25
261:Later life
102:1930-07-14
899:Kouandété
884:Kouandété
712:176832097
291:Citations
149:Signature
54:In office
1011:Military
983:N. Soglo
904:de Souza
874:C. Soglo
869:Congacou
854:C. Soglo
751:62109915
171:Beninese
1018:Interim
988:Kérékou
978:Kérékou
952:Kérékou
926:Kérékou
879:Hachème
782:1527290
678:1959674
309:gouv.bj
255:Atakora
191:Athiémè
129:Cotonou
113:Dahomey
109:Bohicon
894:Zinsou
859:Apithy
780:
770:
749:
739:
710:
700:
676:
666:
270:Ouidah
246:, and
215:Ouidah
139:Spouse
998:Talon
889:Alley
723:Benin
575:(PDF)
510:(PDF)
276:When
133:Benin
993:Boni
914:Maga
849:Maga
824:list
778:OCLC
768:ISBN
747:OCLC
737:ISBN
708:OCLC
698:ISBN
674:OCLC
664:ISBN
119:Died
96:Born
1032::
776:,
762:,
745:,
735:,
731::
706:,
696:,
672:,
658:,
628:.
604:.
577:,
559:^
540:,
512:,
468:^
453:^
424:^
372:.
354:.
336:.
307:.
242:,
217:.
131:,
111:,
1016:*
1009:†
826:)
822:(
812:e
805:t
798:v
785:.
754:.
715:.
639:.
614:.
591:.
554:.
526:.
382:.
358:.
322:.
104:)
100:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
