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162:. This was the first cotton mill to be driven by water power. Cave experienced similar problems organising his workforce to Paul and Wyatt ("I have not got half my people come to work today" he wrote to Wyatt, "and I have no great fascination in the prospect I have to put myself in the power of such people") and the mill generated little profit, but was to continue operation until about 1764.
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in
Birmingham, the first mill to spin cotton "without the aid of human fingers". The mill "containing fifty rollers ... turned by two donkeys walking round an axis" was not a commercial success, with Wyatt unable to enforce the levels of organisation and discipline that an operation on this scale
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was to comment that Wyatt was "favourably placed, in a mechanical point of view, for maturing his admirable scheme" but "a gentle and passive spirit, little qualified to cope with the hardships of a new manufacturing enterprise". Two years after its opening the mill was described as being in a
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set up a second
Birmingham mill in conjunction with Paul and Wyatt in 1744; little is known of its fate, but it was sufficiently encouraging for Touchet to lease the Northampton mill from Cave for a period up to 1755.
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that for the first time used the principle of two sets of rollers travelling at different speeds to enable fully mechanical spinning. The patent outlined the two key developments that were later to underlie both
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s report of the fire described it as being "erected there with great expense and skill" and "viewed with great pleasure and admiration by travellers and all who had seen them"
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was later to observe that the Paul-Wyatt mill "would have got money had it been in good hands", but nothing is known of it after Wyatt's release in
October 1743.
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cotton - a premilinary process that must be undertaken before spinning. Bourn's mill burned down in 1754 but must have had a considerable reputation, as the
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Smith, D. (December 1989), "The representation of non-extractive industry on large-scale county maps of
England and Wales 1700 -c. 1840",
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182:. This may have been in operation by 1744, but is first mentioned in 1748, when both Bourn and Paul patented machinery for
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The
Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England
499:
142:
85:, and made it possible for a single power source to drive more than one spinning machine. Wyatt envisaged "a kind of
243:
Rethinking the
Industrial Revolution: Five Centuries of Transition from Agrarian to Industrial Capitalism in England
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and one of the friends of Dr
Johnson who had funded the development of Paul and Wyatt's invention β experimented in
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Using this technology, and with financial support provided by associates of the author
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363:"What do bosses do? The origins and functions of hierarchy in capitalist production"
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Four other mills were set up using the Paul-Wyatt machinery in the following years.
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Showell's
Dictionary of Birmingham: A History And Guide Arranged Alphabetically
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with running the machinery by hand and by 1742 had set up 250 spindles at
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Organizational
Studies: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management
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pictured in 1746 - the earliest known pictorial representation of a
275:. tr. Vernon, Marjorie. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 212.
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15:
32:. Operating from 1741 until 1764 they were built to house the
435:"The Mills of Leominster - Pinsley Mill or Etnam Street Mill"
221:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 433β448.
106:"pitiful state" and in 1743 Wyatt was incarcerated in the
89:, with wheels turned either by horses, water or wind."
20:
Diagram of rollers and bobbin from Paul's 1758 patent.
485:
History of the textile industry in the United
Kingdom
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The cotton trade and industrial Lancashire, 1600-1780
343:(Project Gutenberg EBook ed.). Cornish Brothers
213:
Mann, Julia de Lacey; Wadsworth, Alfred. P. (1931).
365:. In Warwick Organizational Behaviour Staff (ed.).
96:, in the summer of 1741 Paul and Wyatt set up the
304:"Wyatt, John (1700β1766), inventor of machinery"
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335:Harman, Thomas T.; Showell, Walter (2004) .
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515:British companies established in 1741
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215:"The first cotton spinning factories"
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30:mechanised cotton spinning factories
269:"Machinery in the Textile Industry"
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490:Industrial Revolution in England
416:(2), Maney Publishing: 134β147,
475:Textile machinery manufacturers
240:Ε½molek, Michael Andrew (2013).
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361:Marglin, Stephen A. (2001) .
337:"Calico, Cotton, and Cloth"
310:. Oxford University Press.
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470:Cotton industry in England
422:10.1179/caj.1989.26.2.134
369:. Routledge. p. 43.
302:Baker, John Leon (2004).
410:The Cartographic Journal
143:The Gentleman's Magazine
98:Upper Priory Cotton Mill
26:Paul-Wyatt cotton mills
441:. Herefordshire Council
267:Mantoux, Paul (2006) .
66:cotton spinning machine
28:were the world's first
316:10.1093/ref:odnb/30106
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36:machinery invented by
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505:Industrial Revolution
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188:Manchester Mercury'
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500:English inventions
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172:Pinsley Mill
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160:Northampton
138:Edward Cave
130:cotton mill
126:Northampton
75:water frame
60:obtained a
48:Development
495:1741 works
459:Categories
445:2009-01-04
396:Bates 1996
382:2009-01-03
376:0415215544
347:2007-12-31
321:2009-01-03
288:2009-01-03
282:0415378397
194:References
180:Leominster
110:for debt.
103:Andrew Ure
101:demanded;
58:John Wyatt
54:Lewis Paul
42:John Wyatt
38:Lewis Paul
156:watermill
480:Spinning
52:In 1738
227:2859370
184:carding
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148:London
64:for a
62:patent
402:help
371:ISBN
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248:ISBN
223:OCLC
154:, a
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