928:
31:
2247:
115:) were identified as responsible. Vahid Afrakhteh was accused and charged by an Iranian army tribunal, and was sentenced to death by firing squad. Afrakhteh (one of the founders of Peykar) confessed that he had led the cell that gunned down Col. Paul Shaffer and Lt. Col. Jack Turner, also saying that his immediate superiors at the time had close links with the Marxist Habash group.
918:
108:. Hours after the attack, American officials received an anonymous call, which said the assassinations were retaliation for "Government atrocities against political prisoners". The Iranian government identified the terrorists as "young leftists" (according to another source it said "Marxist guerrillas").
735:
Camp Ashraf: Iraqi
Obligations and State Department Accountability: Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session,
281:
Camp Ashraf: Iraqi
Obligations and State Department Accountability: Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session,
103:
On 21 May 1975, terrorists stopped the car carrying
Colonel Shaffer and Lieutenant Colonel John H Turner. One vehicle blocked the car from the front while another vehicle rammed it from behind. They ordered the Iranian driver to lie down, and then shot and killed the Americans at point-blank range.
297:
Referred to in the
Iranian press as the 'Iranian People's Strugglers', and later known as Peykar, this group led by Tagui Shahram, Vahid Arakhteh and Bahram Aram was one of several underground groups waging a covert war against the Shah's secret police, SAVAK. Afrakhteh, who later confessed to the
126:
and the
Marxist PMOI, and despite the Shah's police arresting "two people for the killings of Shaffer and Turner and stated they were part of the "Islamic Marxist group", and a member of the Marxist PMOI would later claim to have killed Hawkins, the blame remains on the PMOI ."
82:
In the leadup to the assassination, security for
American personnel had deteriorated so much that senior officers had been assigned bodyguards. Two weeks before the two Iranian government officials had been assassinated in Tehran and nine political prisoners had been killed in
317:
Ten terrorists were sentenced to death... The condemned terrorists were Vahid
Afrakhteh... The terroirsts were charged with the murders of Brigadier-general Reza Zandipur, United States Colonels Hawkins, Paul Shaffer and ack Turner, the U.S. Embassy's translator Hassan
96:
152:(AFOSI) set up surveillance detection and antiterrorism efforts to protect American defense personnel in Iran. In 1976, this protective mission was expanded to include civilians, after three American civilian contractors for
1695:
884:
1757:
1248:
1106:
1583:
112:
56:
520:
173:
1076:
768:
1129:
1404:
906:
1066:
1372:
1715:
1598:
1504:
795:
267:
The most notable actions of the
Marxist Mojahedin were assassinations of Savak general, of two American military advisers, and a failed attempt against an American diplomat, all in 1975
149:
1031:
2299:
2076:
1725:
2141:
1061:
2334:
1101:
1096:
1091:
159:
In 2005 a memorial was built by the War on Terror
Foundation to honor Col. Shaffer. In 2017, the family of Jack Turner filed a $ 35 million lawsuit against the MEK and Iran.
1399:
1318:
55:
who served as an air force pilot in both Korea and
Vietnam. In 1975, he was assassinated along with Lieutenant Colonel Jack H. Turner. Vahid Afrakhteh, a founding member of
1783:
1238:
1056:
958:
948:
899:
697:
Anti-american Terrorism: From Eisenhower To Trump – A Chronicle Of The Threat And Response: Volume I: The Eisenhower Through Carter Administrations
1529:
1509:
1479:
1367:
968:
963:
1223:
648:
1675:
75:, the American presence in Iran during the 1970s was too large, estimated at 10,000–40,000 people. American personnel and arms had relocated to Iran due to the
1793:
1270:
2156:
2048:
1339:
1014:
2101:
760:
675:
206:
2151:
2136:
2071:
1700:
1541:
842:
2319:
2250:
1836:
1382:
892:
2339:
1710:
1494:
1228:
615:
122:(MEK) was responsible for the assassination. According to Col Wes Martin (U.S. army), there often is no distinguishment between acts committed by the
2279:
2121:
2146:
1442:
440:
235:
1414:
1196:
978:
1831:
1685:
1293:
988:
2304:
2294:
2178:
1566:
1536:
744:
609:
530:
503:
290:
260:
1218:
1616:
1409:
953:
1191:
1357:
250:
2309:
2126:
1988:
1643:
1071:
1556:
1432:
468:
2314:
1811:
1788:
1751:
1670:
1551:
943:
922:
2329:
2324:
1474:
1362:
1328:
1233:
866:
416:
140:, "a group identifying itself as the Revolutionary Republican Movement of the Armed Forces of Iran" also claimed responsibility.
2086:
1903:
1546:
1489:
1206:
1213:
1484:
1469:
973:
493:
1419:
1019:
2289:
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1024:
123:
119:
60:
1680:
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1323:
1051:
1690:
1958:
1801:
1377:
1086:
821:
640:
2233:
2208:
2183:
1561:
1253:
1243:
76:
1720:
1621:
1519:
1778:
39:
newspaper covering assassination of U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Jack H. Turner and Colonel Paul R. Shaffer
2188:
1948:
1826:
1821:
1740:
1499:
1303:
1179:
674:, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1975-05-21, 197505210002,
669:
198:
1437:
1174:
1159:
719:
1149:
592:
104:
The shooting happened when the two officers were on their way to work at an Iranian military base in south
2213:
2096:
1745:
1735:
1608:
1258:
1169:
1164:
570:"Clippings of Latin American political, social and economic news from various English language newspapers"
153:
569:
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2131:
2081:
1953:
1660:
1655:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1593:
1352:
1298:
364:
202:
310:
279:
2274:
2269:
2053:
1524:
1514:
1308:
1081:
1009:
1288:
1139:
983:
388:
385:
The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East
132:
2198:
2173:
2008:
1983:
1968:
1943:
1933:
1883:
1848:
1730:
1705:
1283:
1134:
1878:
1124:
733:
1853:
1773:
1588:
1394:
1154:
1041:
836:
799:
740:
605:
551:
526:
499:
356:
335:
286:
256:
168:
402:
231:
2226:
2203:
2193:
2166:
2161:
2111:
2106:
2018:
1938:
1816:
1648:
1452:
1424:
1186:
1036:
1004:
861:
700:
601:
59:, confessed to the killing and later was executed. Nevertheless, some sources have said the
1918:
1898:
1873:
1863:
1457:
1387:
1333:
1201:
460:
2033:
2028:
1843:
1313:
489:
445:
30:
856:
2263:
2003:
1978:
1973:
1928:
1923:
1913:
1908:
1888:
1868:
927:
72:
63:(MEK) the group which Vahid Afrakhteh and Peykar tried to eliminate was responsible.
48:
2091:
2023:
1993:
1893:
137:
35:
2116:
2043:
2013:
1998:
1963:
1046:
644:
84:
17:
2038:
1858:
1806:
1571:
803:
2219:
95:
817:
591:
Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth; Larson, Judith (2009).
789:
1144:
1462:
555:
339:
111:
Individuals belonging to a Marxist element of the MEK (also known as
105:
1447:
1249:
Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
94:
29:
1696:
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
917:
52:
1584:
Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
888:
857:"Trump Cabinet pick paid by controversial Iranian exile group"
174:
List of people assassinated by the People's Mujahedin of Iran
1067:
Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
522:
Transnational terrorism: a chronology of events, 1968-1979
1373:
United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
791:
The Air Force Office of Special Investigations, 1948-2000
641:"For Official Washington, Terrorism Is a Laughing Matter"
1599:
Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
1505:
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
796:
United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations
548:
The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia
332:
The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia
150:
United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations
1032:
Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
1716:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
739:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2011. p. 160.
2077:
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
1726:
United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
2142:
Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America
1062:
Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
405:– via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
2064:
1766:
1607:
1279:
Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
1269:
1117:
997:
936:
1784:Iranian Students Association in the United States
594:The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: a policy conundrum
417:"Terrorists Kill Iranian Employe of U.S. Embassy"
1319:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
434:
432:
430:
1530:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
1510:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
1480:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
1368:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
1057:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
969:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
964:Interests Section of Iran in the United States
461:"Chapter 8 -- Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
1676:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
900:
761:"Group claims responsibility for Iran deaths"
671:Global Terrorism Database [Data file]
8:
2300:American military personnel killed in action
1798:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans
1794:Organization of Iranian American Communities
351:
349:
2157:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
1015:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
2152:United States involvement in regime change
2137:Opposition to military action against Iran
1701:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
1542:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
907:
893:
885:
378:
376:
374:
312:Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, Volumen 15
193:
191:
189:
79:and withdrawal of Americans from Vietnam.
1495:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
1229:International Maritime Security Construct
441:"Iranian Terrorists Slay 2 U.S. Colonels"
285:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2011.
226:
224:
2122:International Conference on Hollywoodism
1340:America can't do a damn thing against us
959:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
949:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
71:According to the US ambassador to Iran,
2335:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
1837:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
716:Iran Outlaw, Outcast Or Normal Country?
236:California Digital Newspaper Collection
185:
148:In response to the assassinations, the
1832:National Council of Resistance of Iran
989:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group
841:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
834:
2179:American Institute of Iranian Studies
1758:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity
1537:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
7:
1617:United States sanctions against Iran
1410:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
1405:United States diplomatic cables leak
954:Embassy of the United States, Tehran
1358:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
869:from the original on 20 August 2018
298:killings of Americans, was executed
2127:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
1989:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
1197:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
1072:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
979:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
25:
1812:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1789:National Iranian American Council
1752:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
1711:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
1552:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
944:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
550:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 8.
334:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 8.
209:from the original on 1 April 2018
2340:United States Air Force colonels
2246:
2245:
2049:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
1363:Disappearance of Robert Levinson
1234:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
1224:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
1219:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
926:
916:
495:The Mystery of Contemporary Iran
252:The Mystery of Contemporary Iran
249:Shirali, Mahnaz (28 July 2017).
2280:1975 in international relations
2087:Anti-American sentiment in Iran
1567:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
1547:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
1490:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1207:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
824:from the original on 2018-04-01
771:from the original on 2021-12-17
678:from the original on 2018-08-29
651:from the original on 2021-12-20
621:from the original on 2016-02-22
471:from the original on 2021-08-25
199:"Daily Kent Stater 22 May 1975"
118:According to some sources, the
1686:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
1485:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1470:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
1130:United States support for Iraq
974:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
1:
1557:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
2320:Iran–United States relations
2305:Assassinated American people
2295:American expatriates in Iran
1681:Iran Freedom and Support Act
1666:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
1400:Detention of American hikers
1324:1980 October Surprise theory
923:Iran–United States relations
519:Mickolus, Edward F. (1980).
383:Andrew Scott Cooper (2012).
27:1975 murders in Tehran, Iran
1802:United Against Nuclear Iran
1378:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
639:Scott Horton (2012-04-09).
403:"Desert Sun 28 August 1976"
330:Reisinezhad, Arash (2018).
77:arms embargo against Turkey
2356:
2234:Not for the Faint of Heart
2209:Saint Peter Church, Tehran
2184:American School of Isfahan
2147:State Sponsor of Terrorism
1721:Dames & Moore v. Regan
1562:2022 Erbil missile attacks
1254:Operation Martyr Soleimani
1244:Thirteen revenge scenarios
1214:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
798:. 2008. pp. 332–333.
714:Albert V. Benliot (2001).
546:Arash Reisinezhad (2018).
498:. Transaction Publishers.
120:People's Mujahedin of Iran
99:Vahid Afrakhteh's mugshot.
61:People's Mujahedin of Iran
2310:Deaths by firearm in Iran
2243:
2072:1998 FIFA World Cup match
1671:Iran Nonproliferation Act
1622:Maximum pressure campaign
1520:2021 Erbil rocket attacks
2315:Deaths by person in Iran
2189:Community School, Tehran
1949:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
1827:National Council of Iran
1822:Kingdom Assembly of Iran
1741:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
1500:2019 K-1 Air Base attack
1415:Strait of Hormuz dispute
1348:Beirut barracks bombings
1304:Operation Credible Sport
1180:Operation Praying Mantis
1020:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
465:U.S. Department of State
439:Eric Pace (1975-05-22).
232:"Desert Sun 21 May 1975"
2330:People murdered in Iran
2325:May 1975 events in Asia
1691:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment
1438:Nuclear program of Iran
1175:Operation Nimble Archer
1160:Operation Eager Glacier
720:Nova Science Publishers
2214:Tehran American School
2097:CIA activities in Iran
1767:Groups and individuals
1746:Certain Iranian Assets
1736:United States v. Banki
1475:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
1259:2020 Camp Taji attacks
1170:Operation Prime Chance
1165:Operation Earnest Will
1025:Abadan Crisis Timeline
154:Rockwell International
100:
40:
2132:Iranian frozen assets
1954:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
1661:Executive Order 13876
1656:Executive Order 13780
1639:Executive Order 13769
1634:Executive Order 12172
1629:Executive Order 12170
1594:Tower 22 drone attack
1353:Khobar Towers bombing
1299:Guadeloupe Conference
365:Yale University Press
361:The Iranian Mojahedin
203:Kent State University
98:
33:
2290:1975 murders in Asia
2054:Abdul Majid Muhammed
1779:Iran–America Society
1525:2021 Natanz incident
1515:2020 Iran explosions
1309:Operation Eagle Claw
1271:Incidents after 1979
1082:Joint Plan of Action
1010:Persian Gulf Command
389:Simon & Schuster
2102:Copyright relations
1433:2016 Naval incident
1289:Iran hostage crisis
1140:Iran Air Flight 655
1052:Island of Stability
984:Iranian Directorate
695:Dennis Pluchinsky.
391:. pp. 255–256.
156:were assassinated.
2199:Iran Bethel School
2174:Alborz High School
2009:Abdolreza Shahlaei
1984:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
1969:Mohammad Mosaddegh
1944:Amir Mirza Hekmati
1934:Mahmoud Reza Banki
1884:Erwin David Rabhan
1849:Howard Baskerville
1731:Oil Platforms case
1706:Public Law 113-100
1383:2008 Naval dispute
1284:Iranian Revolution
1150:Iran–Contra affair
1135:Bridgeton incident
421:The New York Times
101:
47:(1930–1975) was a
41:
2257:
2256:
1959:Mohammad Hosseini
1854:William J. Fallon
1774:Iran Action Group
1589:2024 Erbil attack
1395:Project Cassandra
1155:Operation Staunch
1042:Project Dark Gene
865:. 24 April 2021.
746:978-0-16-090501-8
703:. pp. 54–55.
611:978-0-8330-4701-4
532:978-0-313-22206-1
505:978-1-351-47913-4
357:Ervand Abrahamian
292:978-0-16-090501-8
262:978-1-351-47913-4
169:Lewis Lee Hawkins
136:, a newspaper of
51:military aide to
16:(Redirected from
2347:
2249:
2248:
2204:Iranzamin School
2194:Damavand College
2167:Alavi Foundation
2162:650 Fifth Avenue
2112:Dual containment
2107:Death to America
2019:Masoud Soleimani
1939:Haleh Esfandiari
1904:Michael R. White
1649:Trump travel ban
1453:Operation Merlin
1192:Yemeni Civil War
1187:Syrian civil war
1037:Exercise Delawar
1005:Persian Corridor
937:Diplomatic posts
931:
930:
921:
920:
909:
902:
895:
886:
879:
878:
876:
874:
862:Associated Press
853:
847:
846:
840:
832:
830:
829:
814:
808:
807:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
757:
751:
750:
736:December 7, 2011
730:
724:
723:
711:
705:
704:
701:World Scientific
692:
686:
685:
684:
683:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
636:
630:
629:
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626:
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602:RAND Corporation
599:
588:
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282:December 7, 2011
276:
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21:
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2345:
2344:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2239:
2060:
1919:Saeid Aboutaleb
1899:Craig Wadsworth
1874:Stephen D. Mull
1864:Joseph Macmanus
1762:
1603:
1458:Charming Kitten
1420:RQ-170 incident
1388:Filipino Monkey
1334:Algiers Accords
1265:
1202:Abraham Accords
1113:
1107:U.S. withdrawal
993:
932:
925:
915:
913:
883:
882:
872:
870:
855:
854:
850:
833:
827:
825:
818:"Archived copy"
816:
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811:
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490:Shirali, Mahnaz
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45:Paul R. Shaffer
28:
23:
22:
18:Paul R. Shaffer
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2124:
2119:
2114:
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2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:American Islam
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:Karan Vafadari
2031:
2029:Kian Tajbakhsh
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
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1981:
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1966:
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1901:
1896:
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1876:
1871:
1866:
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1846:
1844:Elliott Abrams
1841:
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1314:Canadian Caper
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604:. p. 56.
583:
561:
538:
531:
511:
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481:
452:
446:New York Times
426:
423:. 4 July 1975.
408:
394:
370:
367:. p. 142.
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2004:Maryam Rajavi
2002:
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1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
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1985:
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1980:
1979:Siamak Namazi
1977:
1975:
1974:Baquer Namazi
1972:
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1929:Sirous Asgari
1927:
1925:
1924:Shahram Amiri
1922:
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1914:Saeed Abedini
1912:
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1909:Roxana Saberi
1907:
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1889:Jason Rezaian
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1427:Maersk Tigris
1423:
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1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:Iran–Iraq War
1123:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
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1080:
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1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
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970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
935:
929:
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905:
903:
898:
896:
891:
890:
887:
868:
864:
863:
858:
852:
849:
844:
838:
823:
819:
813:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:
785:
782:
770:
766:
762:
756:
753:
748:
742:
738:
737:
729:
726:
722:. p. 99.
721:
717:
710:
707:
702:
698:
691:
688:
677:
673:
672:
665:
662:
650:
646:
642:
635:
632:
617:
613:
607:
603:
596:
595:
587:
584:
580:. April 1976.
579:
575:
571:
565:
562:
557:
553:
549:
542:
539:
534:
528:
525:. Greenwood.
524:
523:
515:
512:
507:
501:
497:
496:
491:
485:
482:
470:
466:
462:
456:
453:
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319:
314:
313:
306:
303:
299:
294:
288:
284:
283:
275:
272:
268:
264:
258:
255:. Routledge.
254:
253:
245:
242:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
208:
204:
200:
194:
192:
190:
186:
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172:
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167:
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143:
141:
139:
135:
134:
130:According to
128:
125:
121:
116:
114:
109:
107:
97:
91:Assassination
90:
88:
86:
80:
78:
74:
73:Richard Helms
66:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:United States
46:
38:
37:
32:
19:
2285:1975 in Iran
2232:
2225:
2092:Axis of evil
2024:Morad Tahbaz
1994:Noor Pahlavi
1894:Scott Ritter
1750:
1577:
1573:
1426:
1338:
1329:Negotiations
1278:
1077:Negotiations
871:. Retrieved
860:
851:
826:. Retrieved
812:
790:
784:
773:. Retrieved
765:The Bulletin
764:
755:
734:
728:
715:
709:
696:
690:
680:, retrieved
670:
664:
653:. Retrieved
634:
623:. Retrieved
593:
586:
577:
573:
564:
547:
541:
521:
514:
494:
484:
473:. Retrieved
464:
455:
444:
420:
411:
397:
384:
360:
331:
325:
316:
311:
305:
296:
280:
274:
266:
251:
244:
234:– via
211:. Retrieved
158:
147:
138:Bend, Oregon
133:The Bulletin
131:
129:
117:
110:
102:
81:
70:
44:
42:
34:
2275:1975 deaths
2270:1930 births
2117:Great Satan
2044:Nizar Zakka
2014:Ali Shakeri
1999:Trita Parsi
1964:Esha Momeni
1609:Legislation
1572:Seizure of
1047:Safari Club
873:20 December
85:Evin prison
2264:Categories
2039:Xiyue Wang
1879:Jon Pattis
1859:Brian Hook
1807:Farashgard
1578:St Nikolas
1574:Suez Rajan
828:2018-03-31
775:2021-12-17
682:2018-08-29
655:2021-12-20
625:2021-12-20
556:B07FBB6L8Y
475:2021-12-17
340:B07FBB6L8Y
180:References
67:Background
2227:Overthrow
2220:Bomb Iran
1817:Jundallah
1644:reactions
1239:reactions
1118:Conflicts
1102:Aftermath
1097:Criticism
1092:Reactions
1087:Framework
998:Diplomacy
804:298116347
144:Aftermath
36:Ettela'at
2251:Category
1443:Timeline
1425:MV
1294:Timeline
1145:Iran Ajr
867:Archived
837:cite web
822:Archived
769:Archived
676:archived
649:Archived
645:Harper's
616:Archived
492:(2014).
469:Archived
359:(1989).
315:. 1976.
213:31 March
207:Archived
163:See also
43:Colonel
2065:Related
1463:Stuxnet
318:Hossnan
802:
743:
608:
554:
529:
502:
338:
289:
259:
113:Peykar
106:Tehran
57:Peykar
619:(PDF)
598:(PDF)
1576:and
1448:P5+1
875:2021
843:link
800:OCLC
741:ISBN
606:ISBN
574:ISLA
552:ASIN
527:ISBN
500:ISBN
336:ASIN
287:ISBN
257:ISBN
215:2018
53:Iran
124:MEK
2266::
859:.
839:}}
835:{{
820:.
794:.
767:.
763:.
718:.
699:.
647:.
643:.
614:.
600:.
578:12
576:.
572:.
467:.
463:.
443:.
429:^
419:.
387:.
373:^
363:.
348:^
295:.
265:.
223:^
205:.
201:.
188:^
87:.
2222:"
2218:"
908:e
901:t
894:v
877:.
845:)
831:.
806:.
778:.
749:.
658:.
628:.
558:.
535:.
508:.
478:.
449:.
342:.
238:.
217:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
