218:
Camp Ashraf: Iraqi
Obligations and State Department Accountability: Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and the Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session,
56:
On June 2, 1973, Hawkins was walking to the street corner to be picked up by his driver when two terrorists riding on a motorcycle shot him at point blank range, killing him instantly. Hawkins' wife rushed outside to see his body in a pool of blood. The terrorists immediately fled the scene and were
234:
Referred to in the
Iranian press as the "Iranian People's Strugglers", and later known as Peykar, this group led by Tagui Shahram, Vahid Arakhteh and Bahram Aram was one o several underground groups waging a covert war against the Shah's secret police, SAVAK. Afrakhteh, who later confessed to the
47:
In the 1970s
Hawkins became the Director of the Department of Finance at U.S. Army Finance School at Indiana. In 1972 Hawkins was assigned to be the deputy chief in the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group to the Imperial Iranian Armed Forces in Iran. He lived with his wife and children in the
39:
Hawkins was born to Herman and Mary
Hawkins in Chicago on August 8, 1930. He graduated from Plymouth High School and enlisted in South Carolina Presbyterian College on a basketball scholarship. He graduated in 1952 and joined the United States Army as a second Lieutenant. Hawkins later obtained a
60:
According to an
American military advisor, Hawkins was killed "by an Iranian terrorist". The assassination seemed to have been motivated by political considerations. Although there were two witnesses, the assassins were wearing motorcycle helmets and could not be identified. Some GOI officials
203:
Ten terrorists were sentenced to death... The condemned terrorists were Vahid
Afrakhteh... The terroirsts were charged with the murders of Brigadier-general Reza Zandipur, United States Colonels Hawkins, Paul Shaffer and ack Turner, the U.S. Embassy's translator Hassan
86:
report blamed "a
Marxist element of the MEK" for killing American security advisers in Iran in the 1970s; however, the 2007 report blamed these killings on the MEK itself. The State Department reports in 2010 and 2011 reported that the MEK assassinated Hawkins.
75:
24:
23:(August 8, 1930 – June 2, 1973) was a United States military aide to Iran who was assassinated. Vahid Afrakhteh, a member of the Mojahedin M.L. (Marxist–Leninist) and later a founding member of
74:
reported that in
January of that year, "nine terrorists convicted of murdering the three American colonels… were executed." The leader of the group, Vahid Afrakhteh, one of the founders of
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The most notable actions of the
Marxist Mojahedin were assassinations of Savak general, of two American military advisers, and a failed attempt against an American diplomat, all in 1975
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182:
Appeasing the
Ayatollahs and Suppressing Democracy: U.S. Policy and the Iranian Opposition : a White Paper, Iran Policy Committee, page 57
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488:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXVII, Iran; Iraq, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian"
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288:, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), 1973-06-02, 197306020001
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27:, was captured and confessed to the assassination. Some sources attribute the assassination to the
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Anti-american Terrorism: From Eisenhower To Trump - A Chronicle Of The Threat And Response
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believed the group responsible to be left-wing and Iraq-supported, while others suspected
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82:), stated that he personally killed Col. Lewis Lee Hawkins in Tehran in 1973. The 2006
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609:
198:
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Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth; Larson, Judith (2009).
505:. University of Baltimore College of Public Affairs. pp. 17 (p.A9).
474:"American Killings | PDF | National Security | Government"
369:"Country Reports on Terrorism 2011, Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations"
539:
130:. University of Baltimore College of Public Affairs. p. 17.
440:. Vol. I: The Eisenhower Through Carter Administrations.
414:"Trump Cabinet pick paid by controversial Iranian exile group"
391:"For Official Washington, Terrorism Is a Laughing Matter"
528:
The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia
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Mujahedin-E Khalq (MEK) Shackled by a Twisted History
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Mujahedin-E Khalq (MEK) Shackled by a Twisted History
278:
276:
363:
361:
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332:The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: a policy conundrum
40:master's degree in Business Administration from
554:"Chapter 8 -- Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
285:Global Terrorism Database [Data file]
8:
636:American military personnel killed in action
592:"Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
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90:Nevertheless, some sources have said the
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16:American military personnel (1930–1973)
574:"Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations"
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78:(a Marxist group that broke off from
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501:Bloomfield, Lincoln P. Jr. (2013).
235:killings o Americans, was executed
14:
197:. Vol. 15. 1976 – via
253:The Mystery of Contemporary Iran
389:Horton, Scott (April 9, 2012).
194:Iran Almanac and Book of Facts
1:
641:Assassinated American people
631:American expatriates in Iran
456:"Lt. Col. Lewis Lee HAWKINS"
661:United States Army officers
526:Reisinezhad, Arash (2018).
677:
656:Syracuse University alumni
266:– via Google Books.
232:– via Google Books.
124:Bloomfield, Lincoln P. Jr.
92:People's Mujahedin of Iran
29:People's Mujahedin of Iran
646:Deaths by firearm in Iran
596:U.S. Department of State
578:U.S. Department of State
559:U.S. Department of State
160:Rowman & Littlefield
651:People murdered in Iran
94:(MEK) was responsible.
154:; Khazai, Sam (2014).
313:Yale University Press
309:The Iranian Mojahedin
152:Cordesman, Anthony H.
84:U.S. State Department
626:1973 murders in Asia
436:Pluchinsky, Dennis.
48:Abbasabad district.
71:The Washington Post
42:Syracuse University
532:Palgrave Macmillan
305:Abrahamian, Ervand
512:978-0-615-78384-0
444:. pp. 54–55.
349:978-0-8330-4701-4
263:978-1-351-47913-4
229:978-0-16-090501-8
169:978-1-4422-2856-6
137:978-0-615-78384-0
80:Mujahedin-e-Khalq
68:On May 11, 1976,
63:Mujahedin-e-Khalq
21:Lewis Lee Hawkins
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156:Iraq in Crisis
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19:Lt. Colonel
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621:1973 deaths
616:1930 births
610:Categories
540:B07FBB6L8Y
110:References
35:Early life
396:Harper's
307:(1989).
222:. 2011.
126:(2013).
98:See also
204:Hossnan
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76:Peykar
25:Peykar
336:(PDF)
536:ASIN
507:ISBN
344:ISBN
258:ISBN
224:ISBN
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132:ISBN
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