298:
ozone results from the presence of nitric oxide delivered to the atmosphere by aircraft and surface hydrocarbon burning. Ozone in the stratosphere acts as a protective shield against ultraviolet radiation, but ozone in the troposphere significantly reduces air quality. By developing methods for measuring radical gases in situ and interpreting these results within a theoretical framework, Wennberg has advanced our understanding of atmospheric chemistry.
326:
O and other molecules in terrestrial ecosystems. Data enables researchers to identify and study local carbon "sources" and "sinks", and by pooling data across the system, to better understand mechanisms of carbon exchange involving the atmosphere, the land, and the ocean. Data from the sites is used
878:
Wennberg, P. O.; Cohen, R. C.; Stimpfle, R. M.; Koplow, J. P.; Anderson, J. G.; Salawitch, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.; Woodbridge, E. L.; Keim, E. R.; Gao, R. S.; Webster, C. R.; May, R. D.; Toohey, D. W.; Avallone, L. M.; Proffitt, M. H.; Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, J. R.; Chan, K. R.; Wofsy, S. C. (1994).
517:
Crisp, D.; Atlas, R.M; Breon, F.-M; Brown, L.R; Burrows, J.P; Ciais, P.; Connor, B.J; Doney, S.C; Fung, I.Y; Jacob, D.J; Miller, C.E; O'Brien, D.; Pawson, S.; Randerson, J.T; Rayner, P.; Salawitch, R.J; Sander, S.P; Sen, B.; Stephens, G.L; Tans, P.P; Toon, G.C; Wennberg, P.O; Wofsy, S.C; Yung, Y.L;
930:
Wennberg, P. O.; Hanisco, T. F.; Jaegle, L.; Jacob, D. J.; Hintsa, E. J.; Lanzendorf, E. J.; Anderson, J. G.; Gao, R.; Keim, E. R.; Donnelly, S. G.; Negro LAD; Fahey, D. W.; McKeen, S. A.; Salawitch, R. J.; Webster, C. R.; May, R. D.; Herman, R. L.; Proffitt, M. H.; Margitan, J. J.; Atlas, E. L.;
351:
and its successor, the
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2. The first satellite failed to separate from the Orbital Taurus XL rocket used as its launch vehicle on February 24, 2009, and was destroyed during reentry. The second satellite, a near duplicate, was launched successfully by NASA on July 2,
297:
Using these tools, he overturned the long-held belief that lower stratospheric ozone is destroyed principally by nitrogen oxides; Wennberg showed that odd-hydrogen catalysis represents a quantitatively more important process. By contrast to the stratosphere, a significant fraction of tropospheric
302:
Since his move to
Caltech, Wennberg has been deeply involved in two inter-related long-term instrumentation and data-collection projects: the Orbiting Carbon Observatory, and its ground-based counterpart, the Total Carbon Column Observing Network. Goals include better understanding of the carbon
229:
Wennberg joined
Caltech in 1998. He was an associate professor of atmospheric chemistry and environmental engineering science from 1998 to 2001, becoming a full professor in 2001. In 2004, he was appointed as the R. Stanton Avery Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science and
184:
in the atmosphere at concentrations that could not previously be detected. He measures atmospheric trace gases, making it possible to accurately describe the exchange of carbon dioxide and other gases between the atmosphere and the land and ocean. His research has substantially advanced
230:
Engineering. Wennberg has been associated with the Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global
Environmental Science at Caltech since it was established in 2008. He served as the director from 2008 to 2011, acting director from 2012 to 2014 and director from 2014 onwards.
1310:
160:
project, which created NASA's first spacecraft for analysis of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. He is also the principal investigator for the Mars
Atmospheric Trace Molecule Occultation Spectrometer (MATMOS) to investigate trace gases in Mars's atmosphere.
288:
considerably exceeded expected levels. The POLARIS mission in 1997 obtained measurements all the way to 90° N latitude, the North pole. As of 2004, Wennberg's instrument was modified for in situ measurements of water vapour and its
180:. He designs and builds remote-sensing and in-situ scientific instruments which are used in field investigations supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA. His scientific instruments have made it possible to measure
371:
and take spectra of the sunlight through Mars' atmosphere as the spacecraft goes through its orbital sunrise and sunset. MATMOS will be able to measure trace gases in Mars's atmosphere at a concentrations of parts per trillion.
343:
were detected by TCCON within a day of the start of the leak. "TCCON has pioneered a key element of the ground segment measurements required to provide the evidence base for policy making for the next 100 years."
974:
St. Clair, J. M.; Hanisco, T. F.; Weinstock, E. M.; Moyer, E. J.; Sayres, D. S.; Keutsch, F. N.; Kroll, J. H.; Demusz, J. N.; Allen, N. T.; Smith, J. B.; Spackman, J. R.; Anderson, J. G. (2008).
253:. The laser-induced fluorescence instrument that he developed was placed in the nose of a NASA ER-2 aircraft to measure radicals during flight. It has been used to measure radicals in both the
1275:
363:
Wennberg is the principal investigator for the development of the Mars
Atmospheric Trace Molecule Occultation Spectrometer (MATMOS), a collaboration between Caltech and the
1169:
Frankenberg, C.; Pollock, R.; Lee, R. A. M.; Rosenberg, R.; Blavier, J.-F.; Crisp, D.; O'Dell, C. W.; Osterman, G. B.; Roehl, C.; Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D. (2015).
264:
Wennberg's sensor was used in several NASA missions, beginning with the SPADE mission in 1993. SPADE obtained the first simultaneous in situ measurements of OH, HO
310:(TCCON). In 2004, the first TCCON site was established. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network is a group of about 20 ground-based sites worldwide that host
280:
from latitudes of -70°S to 70°N, reaching nearly from the south pole to the north pole. The STRAT mission (1995–1996) was the first to record measurements of HO
762:
Wennberg, P. O.; Cohen, R. C.; Hazen, N. L.; Lapson, L. B.; Allen, N. T.; Hanisco, T. F.; Oliver, J. F.; Lanham, N. W.; Demusz, J. N.; Anderson, J. G. (1994).
931:
Schauffler, S. M.; Flocke, F.; McElroy, C. T.; Bui, T. P. (1998). "Hydrogen
Radicals, Nitrogen Radicals, and the Production of O3 in the Upper Troposphere".
571:
472:"Near Infrared remote sensing of atmospheric composition from the ground and space: the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), GOSAT and OCO-2"
1027:
Wunch, D.; Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J.-F. L.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Notholt, J.; Connor, B. J.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Sherlock, V.; Wennberg, P. O. (2011).
1300:
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dominated stratospheric ozone loss, a result that had not been previously observable. NASA's ASHOE/MAESA mission (1994) took measurements of HO
491:
307:
153:
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cycle, validation of data from space-based instruments, and establishing a standard for ground-based in situ networked data collection.
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152:(Caltech). He is the director of the Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science. He is chair of the
314:. The spectrometers examine near-infrared (NIR) solar absorption spectra and measure atmospheric column abundances of CO
1171:"The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2): Spectrometer performance evaluation using pre-launch direct sun measurements"
764:"Aircraft-borne, laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the in situ detection of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals"
348:
157:
602:
1082:
1270:
976:"A new photolysis laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of H2O and HDO in the lower stratosphere"
1229:
380:
Wennberg received a
Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) in 1999 from President
368:
202:
272:, ClO, and BrO from the lower stratosphere. The data were used to calculate ozone loss rates and showed that HO
737:
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2014, using a ULA Delta II 7320-10C rocket. Spectrometers on the satellite can map the distribution of CO
1210:
364:
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879:"Removal of Stratospheric O3 by Radicals: In Situ Measurements of OH, HO2, NO, NO2, ClO, and BrO".
239:
181:
1033:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
327:
to understand carbon dynamics and to validate data from space-based measurements of atmospheric CO
912:
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471:
335:. Both terrestrial and atmospheric data are used to study carbon transfer within the atmosphere.
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572:"Caltech, Canadian Space Agency Awarded NASA Project to Develop Spectrometer Headed to Mars"
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Kuang, Z.; Chudasama, B.; Sprague, G.; Weiss, B.; Pollock, R.; et al. (2004).
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While still at
Harvard, Wennberg developed advanced airborne sensors to measure
186:
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145:
84:
519:
1311:
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
1145:"Aliso Canyon, Methane, and Global Climate: A Conversation with Paul Wennberg"
543:
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In Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Hydroxyl and Hydroperoxyl Radicals
284:
in the upper troposphere, and demonstrated that the concentration of HO
1002:
790:
679:
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particles across the planet by measuring the average amount of CO
217:, professor of atmospheric chemistry. His doctoral thesis was
603:"NASA makes second attempt to launch CO2-measuring satellite"
242:
in the atmosphere, in particular the odd-hydrogen radicals
148:
Chemistry and Environmental Science and Engineering at the
1083:"Integrating Carbon from the Ground Up: TCCON Turns Ten"
811:
North, Gerald R.; Pyle, John A.; Zhang, Fuqing (2014).
476:
Light, Energy and the Environment, OSA Technical Digest
293:
HDO, and became the basis of the Harvard "Hoxotope".
1211:"President names outstanding young U.S. scientists"
632:The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
117:
101:
91:
80:
63:
55:
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33:
25:
18:
185:understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of the
1076:
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520:"The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) mission"
367:with NASA support. MATMOS will be flown on the
295:
1230:"Eight Californians Win MacArthur Fellowships"
1123:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1119:"Carbon cycle and ecosystems funded research"
817:. Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 393–394.
565:
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8:
1022:
1020:
1029:"The Total Carbon Column Observing Network"
843:
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306:In 2002, Wennberg was elected chair of the
1276:California Institute of Technology faculty
1228:Maugh II, Thomas H. (September 25, 2002).
465:
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738:"Linde + Robinson Laboratory at Caltech"
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447:Environmental Science and Engineering
437:
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347:Wennberg is a founding member of the
308:Total Carbon Column Observing Network
154:Total Carbon Column Observing Network
144:is the R. Stanton Avery Professor of
7:
1149:Science and Technology Research News
814:Encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences
213:in 1994. At Harvard, he worked with
1143:Fesenmaier, Kimm (April 18, 2016).
164:Wennberg's research focuses on the
1175:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
634:"MacArthur Fellows September 2002"
150:California Institute of Technology
96:California Institute of Technology
14:
51:atmospheric science, carbon cycle
1081:Stoller-Conrad, Jessica (2014).
983:Review of Scientific Instruments
771:Review of Scientific Instruments
312:Fourier transform spectrometers
1301:People from Waterbury, Vermont
1291:21st-century American chemists
1286:20th-century American chemists
601:Morin, Monte (June 30, 2014).
1:
156:and a founding member of the
901:10.1126/science.266.5184.398
953:10.1126/science.279.5347.49
349:Orbiting Carbon Observatory
205:. He received a B.A. from
158:Orbiting Carbon Observatory
1327:
570:Oliwenstein, Lori (2010).
524:Advances in Space Research
360:above specific locations.
209:in 1985, and a Ph.D. from
1266:Harvard University alumni
710:"Paul O. Wennberg (C.V.)"
680:"Anderson Research Group"
655:"Paul Wennberg / Caltech"
544:10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.062
369:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
203:Waterbury Center, Vermont
201:Paul Wennberg grew up in
113:
73:
1306:Scientists from Vermont
989:(6): 064101–064101–14.
742:Los Angeles Conservancy
484:10.1364/E2.2014.ETh4A.2
1296:Oberlin College alumni
1196:10.5194/amt-8-301-2015
1054:10.1098/rsta.2010.0240
300:
168:of planets, including
470:Griffith, D. (2014).
365:Canadian Space Agency
341:Aliso Canyon gas leak
166:atmospheric chemistry
1281:Atmospheric chemists
1217:. February 10, 1999.
849:"HOx Research Group"
386:MacArthur Foundation
59:Cheryl Margaret Wold
1187:2015AMT.....8..301F
1045:2011RSPTA.369.2087W
1039:(1943): 2087–2112.
995:2008RScI...79f4101S
945:1998Sci...279...49W
893:1994Sci...266..398W
783:1994RScI...65.1858W
536:2004AdSpR..34..700C
1090:The Earth Observer
443:"Paul O. Wennberg"
406:"Paul O. Wennberg"
211:Harvard University
42:Harvard University
1271:MacArthur Fellows
1234:Los Angeles Times
1003:10.1063/1.2940221
887:(5184): 398–404.
791:10.1063/1.1144835
607:Los Angeles Times
493:978-1-55752-756-1
416:on 24 August 2018
384:. He was named a
376:Awards and honors
337:Methane emissions
215:James G. Anderson
139:
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108:James G. Anderson
75:Scientific career
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855:. Archived from
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777:(6): 1858–1876.
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412:. Archived from
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388:Fellow in 2002.
142:Paul O. Wennberg
135:
133:/paul-o-wennberg
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103:Doctoral advisor
68:MacArthur Fellow
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859:on 29 June 2016
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34:Alma mater
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17:
1237:. Retrieved
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576:Caltech News
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418:. Retrieved
414:the original
409:
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382:Bill Clinton
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305:
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291:Isotopologue
263:
259:stratosphere
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191:stratosphere
178:carbon cycle
163:
141:
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92:Institutions
74:
478:: ETh4A.2.
255:troposphere
187:troposphere
170:air quality
146:Atmospheric
85:atmospheric
26:Nationality
1255:Categories
1096:(4): 13–15
639:2007-06-02
392:References
176:, and the
339:from the
197:Education
87:scientist
1063:21502178
1011:18601418
909:17816682
552:16804121
268:, NO, NO
257:and the
240:radicals
234:Research
189:and the
182:radicals
131:/content
127:.caltech
29:American
1183:Bibcode
1041:Bibcode
991:Bibcode
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