33:
548:
the Roman Empire. He denounced the myth of "racial purity" and argued that such purity, if it existed, would only lead to stagnation—thus the mixing of races was necessary for progress and cultural development. In "America as a
Projection of the European Mind", Valéry remarked that whenever he despaired about Europe's situation, he could "restore some degree of hope only by thinking of the New World" and mused on the "happy variations" which could result from European "aesthetic ideas filtering into the powerful character of native Mexican art."
409:. However, he published fewer than a hundred poems, and none of them drew much attention. On the night of 4 October 1892, during a heavy storm, Paul Valéry underwent an existential crisis, an event that made a huge impact on his writing career. Eventually, around 1898, he quit writing altogether, publishing not a word for nearly twenty years. This hiatus was in part due to the death of his mentor,
1120:
156:
887:(1987), édition publiée sous la direction de Nicole Celeyrette-Pietri et Judith Robinson-Valéry avec la collaboration de Jean Celeyrette, Maria Teresa Giaveri, Paul Gifford, Jeannine Jallat, Bernard Lacorre, Huguette Laurenti, Florence de Lussy, Robert Pickering, Régine Pietra et Jürgen Schmidt-Radefeldt, tomes I-IX, Collection blanche, Gallimard
547:
insofar as he believed that state power and infringements on the individual should be severely limited. Although he had flirted with nationalist ideas during the 1890s, he moved away from them by 1899, and believed that
European culture owed its greatness to the ethnic diversity and universalism of
448:
The poem is written in the first person, and is the soliloquy of a young woman contemplating life and death, engagement and withdrawal, love and estrangement, in a setting dominated by the sea, the sky, stars, rocky cliffs, and the rising sun. However, it is also possible to read the poem as an
288:
in 1925, Valéry became a tireless public speaker and intellectual figure in French society, touring Europe and giving lectures on cultural and social issues as well as assuming a number of official positions eagerly offered to him by an admiring French nation. He represented France on cultural
1349:
C’est ainsi que ces interrogations sur le savoir se nourrirent chez le poète de la fréquentation de l’univers scientifique : lecteur de
Bergson, d’Einstein, de Louis de Broglie et Langevin, Paul Valéry devait devenir en 1935 membre de l’Académie des Sciences de Lisbonne.
365:
stripped him of some of these jobs and distinctions because of his quiet refusal to collaborate with Vichy and the German occupation, but Valéry continued, throughout these troubled years, to publish and to be active in French cultural life, especially as a member of the
644:
is from Valéry's
Writing at the Yalu River (1895): "Your ideas are terrifying and your hearts are faint. Your acts of pity and cruelty are absurd, committed with no calm, as if they were irresistible. Finally, you fear blood more and more. Blood and time".
308:, a private institution teaching French language and civilization. The Collège is still operating today, offering professional courses for native speakers (for educational certification, law and business) as well as courses for foreign students.
431:
lines in rhyming couplets, had taken him four years to complete, and it immediately secured his fame. With "Le Cimetière marin" and "L'Ébauche d'un serpent," it is often considered one of the greatest French poems of the twentieth century.
570:
all respected Valéry's thinking and became friendly correspondents. Valéry was often asked to write articles on topics not of his choosing; the resulting intellectual journalism was collected in five volumes titled
598:
entries often were, surprisingly, reflections on science and mathematics. In fact, arcane topics in these domains appear to have commanded far more of his considered attention than his celebrated poetry. The
277:. Until then, Valéry had, briefly, earned his living at the Ministry of War before assuming the relatively flexible post as assistant to the increasingly impaired Lebey, a job he held for some twenty years.
685:(on which the film was partially based) take their title from Valéry's verse "Le vent se lève... il faut tenter de vivre !" ("The wind rises… We must try to live!") in the poem "Le Cimetière marin" (
269:
Though his earliest publications date from his mid-twenties, Valéry did not become a full-time writer until 1920, when the man for whom he worked as private secretary, a former chief executive of the
1658:
539:
Valéry described his “true oeuvre” to be prose, and he filled more than 28,000 notebook pages over his lifetime. His far more ample prose writings, peppered with many aphorisms and
294:
1887:
1738:
449:
allegory on the way fate moves human affairs or as an attempt to comprehend the horrific violence in Europe at the time of the poem's composition. The poem is not about
1922:
1670:
32:
1651:
489:(Album of old verses), was a revision of early but beautifully wrought smaller poems, some of which had been published individually before 1900. The second,
228:
education, he studied law at university and then resided in Paris for most of the remainder of his life, where he was, for a while, part of the circle of
1877:
1730:
1138:
1947:
1917:
1872:
1644:
509:
Valéry's technique is quite orthodox in its essentials. His verse rhymes and scans in conventional ways, and it has much in common with the work of
591:, prompting him to write: "Having dedicated those hours to the life of the mind, I thereby earn the right to be stupid for the rest of the day."
607:
have been published in their entirety only as photostatic reproductions, and only since 1980 have they begun to receive scholarly scrutiny. The
1942:
1302:
908:
1615:
1203:
1261:
388:
Valéry died in Paris in July 1945. He is buried in the cemetery of his native town, Sète, the same cemetery celebrated in his famous poem
1882:
1391:
850:
1912:
1722:
1407:
497:, meaning "songs" and also "incantations"), further confirmed his reputation as a major French poet. The collection includes
1932:
1682:
335:
266:, a grant given between 1919 and 1954 to young French painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.
1867:
881:
II (1974), édition établie, présentée et annotée par Judith
Robinson-Valéry, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
1892:
619:
453:, but it does try to address the relationships between destruction and beauty, and, in this sense, it resonates with
305:
1937:
1714:
924:
523:
1952:
1567:
1092:
872:
378:
259:
189:
1927:
1902:
1762:
1077:, translated and edited by Brian Stimpson, Paul Gifford, Robert Pickering, Norma Rinsler and Rima Joseph (2010)
454:
1667:
1351:
369:
329:
283:
311:
He gave the keynote address at the 1932 German national celebration of the 100th anniversary of the death of
1620:
510:
410:
236:
229:
543:, reveal a skeptical outlook on human nature, verging on the cynical. His view of state power was broadly
312:
274:
1897:
1158:
1065:, translated by Rachel Killick, Robert Pickering, Norma Rinsler, Stephen Romer and Brian Stimpson (2000)
1598:
1862:
1857:
1810:
1770:
1746:
1365:
904:
623:
349:
293:, and he served on several of its committees, including the sub-committee on Arts and Letters of the
96:
1438:
1425:
445:), though for some readers the connection with that mythological figure is tenuous and problematic.
1133:
551:
1083:, translated and edited by Brian Stimpson, Paul Gifford, Robert Pickering and Norma Rinsler (2010)
1907:
1243:
859:
II (1960), édition établie et annotée par Jean Hytier, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade / nrf
Gallimard
682:
428:
343:
1706:
1189:
315:. This was a fitting choice, as Valéry shared Goethe's fascination with science (specifically,
1826:
1818:
1630:
1387:
603:
also contain the first drafts of many aphorisms he later included in his books. To date, the
482:
290:
1355:
695:
583:
Valéry's most striking achievement is perhaps his monumental intellectual diary, called the
555:
405:
Valéry is best known as a poet, and he is sometimes considered to be the last of the French
690:
635:
567:
481:, Valéry's only publications of note were dialogues, articles, some poems, and a study of
435:
The title was chosen late in the poem's gestation; it refers to the youngest of the three
382:
263:
201:
172:
611:
have been translated into
English in five volumes published by Peter Lang with the title
1550:
L'Esprit Créateur, (Johns
Hopkins University Press), vol 20, no. 3, 1980, pp. 38–45
1778:
1754:
1690:
677:
672:
640:
244:
240:
225:
184:. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included
1851:
1125:
563:
559:
518:
252:
1059:, translated by Paul Gifford, Siân Miles, Robert Pickering and Brian Stimpson (2000)
618:
In recent decades Valéry's thought has been considered a touchstone in the field of
587:(Notebooks). Early every morning of his adult life, he contributed something to the
1834:
1802:
1794:
1412:
528:
362:
358:
38:
1218:
188:
on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the
1606:
913:(Spring 1968). Second version printed in Christmas's collection of his own work,
1698:
1626:
1262:"Poet's Dance: On "The Idea of Perfection: The Poetry and Prose of Paul Valéry""
978:
649:
450:
248:
221:
181:
155:
1115:
544:
413:. When, in 1917, he finally broke his 'great silence' with the publication of
406:
217:
1636:
485:. In 1920 and 1922, he published two slim collections of verses. The first,
462:
458:
301:(1989) contains translations of a dozen essays related to these activities.
1119:
185:
177:
1545:
255:. Valéry and Gobillard had three children: Claude, Agathe and François.
385:
intended to award Valéry the prize in 1945, had he not died that year.
316:
213:
61:
437:
342:. In 1937, he was appointed chief executive of what later became the
320:
209:
1204:"The Nobel Prize in Literature - Nominations and reports 1901-1950"
1071:, translated by Norma Rinsler, Paul Ryan and Brian Stimpson (2007)
270:
205:
469:, which is also a seaside meditation on comparably large themes.
243:. The wedding was a double ceremony in which the bride's cousin,
1640:
1408:
The Wind Rises: a flight into Hayao
Miyazaki's magic and poetry
1303:"Extreme Diamonds: Paul Valéry and the Last Centennial of 1917"
527:, and his cerebral lyricism also influenced the American poet,
1579:
Fonctions de l'esprit: treize savants redécouvrent Paul Valéry
1439:"Collected Works of Paul Valery | Princeton University Press"
1175:*Manet, Julie, Rosalind de Boland Roberts, and Jane Roberts.
1043:, trans. Denise Folliot and Jackson Mathews (Princeton, 1989)
346:. He was the inaugural holder of the Chair of Poetics at the
1621:
Research Guide on
Intellectual Cooperation – Notable Members
1177:
Growing Up with the Impressionists: The Diary of Julie Manet
1089:
The Idea of Perfection: The Poetry and Prose of Paul Valéry
1386:(1st edition, hardback ed.). New York: Random House.
1531:
Paul Valéry's Album de Vers Anciens – A Past Transfigured
457:
meditations on these matters, especially in the plays of
427:
This obscure, but sublimely musical, masterpiece, of 512
1524:
La Jeune Parque, manuscrit, présentation, étude critique
1107:, trans. Charlotte Mandell (New York Review Books, 2024)
1091:; A Bilingual Edition. Trans. Nathaniel Rudavsky-Brody (
977:, translated by Denise Folliot. With an Introduction by
849:
I (1957), édition établie et annotée par Jean Hytier,
689:). The same quote is used in the closing sentences of
224:, a larger urban center close by. After a traditional
176:; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet,
871:
I (1973), édition établie, présentée et annotée par
235:
In 1900, he married Jeannine Gobillard, a friend of
1384:
Blood Meridian, or, The Evening Redness in the West
1101:, trans. Paul Ryan (Oxford University Press, 2024).
148:
140:
132:
124:
104:
90:
82:
68:
46:
23:
1053:, series ed. Brian Stimpson (Peter Lang, 2000–10)
652:there are three verses of one of Valéry's poems:
501:, and many smaller poems with diverse structures.
16:French poet, essayist, and philosopher (1871–1945)
326:In addition to his activities as a member of the
1572:L'Analyse de l'esprit dans les Cahiers de Valéry
1244:"La jeune Parque | Koninklijke Bibliotheek"
239:'s family, who was also a niece of the painter
1739:Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes
648:In the book "El laberinto de la soledad" from
626:in his description of constructivist history.
1652:
721:Introduction à la méthode de Léonard de Vinci
8:
1475:Valéry trouveur: métaphysique et littérature
875:, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade / nrf Gallimard
661:En qui mugit l’espoir que le monde finisse.
367:
347:
327:
281:
94:
1546:The Poetics of Autobiography in Paul Valery
465:. There are, therefore, evident links with
216:, a town on the Mediterranean coast of the
1659:
1645:
1637:
1557:, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 1993
1324:. Cambridge University Press. p. 237.
1290:. Cambridge University Press. p. 239.
659:A ce gout de périr qui prend la Pythonisse
31:
20:
1482:Valéry Finder: Metaphysics and Literature
1192:. Jewish Women's Archive, Michele Siegel.
999:, translated by D. Folliot and J. Mathews
987:, translated by M. Cowley and J.R. Lawler
953:, translated by D. Paul and R. Fitzgerald
1540:, Presses universitaires de France, 1960
1005:, translated by R. Shattuck and F. Brown
1888:Academic staff of the Collège de France
1179:. London: Sotheby's Publications, 1987.
1150:
1139:Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III
1037:, ed. James R. Lawler (Princeton, 1977)
657:Je pense, sur le bord doré de l’univers
1505:, L'Herne, Essais et Philosophie, 2007
381:twelve times. It is believed that the
1322:Reading Paul Valéry: Universe in Mind
1288:Reading Paul Valéry: Universe in Mind
441:(the minor Roman deities also called
295:Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
171:
7:
1731:Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur
1564:, Éditions InterUniversitaires, 1996
1562:Un Souvenir d'enfance de Paul Valéry
273:news agency, Edouard Lebey, died of
165:Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry
50:Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry
1555:Paul Valéry, une Poétique en poèmes
1496:Paul Valéry, le sujet de l'écriture
1372:, 1995, PUF, " Que sais-je ? "
1370:Les épistémologies constructivistes
937:, selected and translated from the
1533:, Princeton University Press, 1983
1029:, translated by M. and J. Mathews.
297:. The English-language collection
14:
1923:Members of the Académie Française
1878:French people of Corsican descent
1616:Essay on Paul Valery's Aesthetics
1586:commente La Jeune Parque, Poésies
1526:, Le Club du Meilleur Livre, 1957
1484:, Kindle, 2011; CreateSpace, 2011
1477:, Kindle, 2010; CreateSpace, 2011
1416:(London). Retrieved 4 March 2014.
1301:Berman, Paul (19 December 2017).
985:Volume 8. Leonardo. Poe. Mallarḿé
417:, he was forty-six years of age.
1948:20th-century French male writers
1918:20th-century French philosophers
1873:French people of Italian descent
1406:Shone, Tom (21 February 2014). "
1118:
1009:Volume 12. Degas. Manet. Morisot
898:Selected Writings of Paul Valéry
671:Oscar-winning Japanese director
154:
1723:Pierre de Pardaillan de Gondrin
997:Volume 10. History and Politics
683:Japanese novel of the same name
306:Collège International de Cannes
1588:, Foliothèque, Gallimard, 2006
1337:Reflections on the World Today
1217:Zaman, Nasima (23 July 2011).
923:, series ed. Jackson Mathews (
921:Collected Works of Paul Valéry
903:"Sketch of a Serpent", trans.
334:, he was also a member of the
258:Valéry served as a juror with
1:
1943:20th-century French essayists
991:Volume 9. Masters and Friends
727:La soirée avec monsieur Teste
622:, as noted, for instance, by
377:Valéry was nominated for the
336:Academy of Sciences of Lisbon
1538:Les dialogues de Paul Valéry
1041:The Outlook for Intelligence
959:, translated by W.M. Stewart
945:Volume 2. Poems in the Rough
340:Front national des Ecrivains
299:The Outlook for Intelligence
37:Paul Valéry photographed by
1599:Ressources sur Paul Valéry.
1339:. Pantheon. pp. 84–85.
1190:"Florence Meyer Blumenthal"
975:Volume 7. The Art of Poetry
971:, translated by J. Matthews
823:Mauvaises pensées et autres
787:Regards sur le monde actuel
620:constructivist epistemology
1969:
1715:Henri-Emmanuel de Roquette
1683:Auger de Moléon de Granier
1543:Jeanine Parisier Plottel,
1536:Jeanine Parisier-Plottel,
1519:, Fayard, 2008 (biography)
1468:Lecture de la Jeune Parque
1023:, translated by S. Gilbert
1017:, translated by R. Manheim
993:, translated by M. Turnell
925:Princeton University Press
851:Bibliothèque de la Pléiade
634:One of three epigraphs in
280:After his election to the
1677:
1382:McCarthy, Cormac (1985).
1266:Cleveland Review of Books
1219:"Remembering Paul Valéry"
1093:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1035:Paul Valery: An Anthology
933:, translated by D. Paul.
757:Eupalinos ou l’Architecte
715:Paradoxe sur l’architecte
379:Nobel Prize in Literature
368:
348:
328:
282:
260:Florence Meyer Blumenthal
190:Nobel Prize in Literature
153:
95:
30:
1577:Judith Robinson-Valéry,
1510:I Cahiers di Paul Valéry
1503:Valéry face à ses idoles
1491:, Plon, 1995 (biography)
1466:Sylvie Ballestra-Puech,
969:Volume 6. Monsieur Teste
947:, translated by H. Corke
687:The Graveyard by the Sea
521:'s celebrated 1974 poem
304:In 1931, he founded the
1512:, Bulzoni Editore, 1979
1011:, translated by D. Paul
965:, translated by D. Paul
220:, but he was raised in
192:in 12 different years.
1913:French epistemologists
1883:Lycée Condorcet alumni
1623:by UN Archives Geneva.
1568:Judith Robinson-Valéry
1489:Paul Valéry, 1871–1945
1354:'s website in French,
1320:Gifford, Paul (1998).
1286:Gifford, Paul (1998).
1159:"Nomination%20Archive"
900:(New Directions, 1964)
873:Judith Robinson-Valéry
739:Album des vers anciens
664:
487:Album des vers anciens
313:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
251:, married the painter
1933:French male essayists
1501:Emile Michel Cioran,
1335:Valéry, Paul (1948).
1015:Volume 13. Aesthetics
654:
200:Valéry was born to a
1811:Jean-Jacques Gautier
1771:Ferdinand de Lesseps
1627:Works by Paul Valéry
1426:"Le Cimetière marin"
1366:Jean-Louis Le Moigne
1003:Volume 11. Occasions
892:English translations
811:Degas, danse, dessin
769:La Crise de l'Esprit
624:Jean-Louis Le Moigne
594:The subjects of his
144:Agathe Rouart-Valéry
1498:, L'Harmattan, 2000
1470:, Klincksieck, 1993
1443:press.princeton.edu
1021:Volume 14. Analects
963:Volume 5. Idée fixe
957:Volume 4. Dialogues
935:On Poets and Poetry
885:Cahiers (1894–1914)
630:In other literature
524:Lost in Translation
275:Parkinson's disease
173:[pɔlvaleʁi]
1893:French journalists
1668:Académie française
1607:Crisis of the Mind
1560:Michel Philippon,
1553:Michel Philippon,
1352:Académie française
745:Le cimetière marin
667:In popular culture
499:le Cimetière marin
467:le Cimetière marin
390:Le Cimetière marin
370:Académie française
344:University of Nice
330:Académie française
284:Académie française
1938:French male poets
1845:
1844:
1819:Jean-Louis Curtis
1747:François Andrieux
1631:Project Gutenberg
1508:Andrea Pasquino,
1487:Denis Bertholet,
1480:Philippe Baudry,
1473:Philippe Baudry,
1206:. nobelprize.org.
775:L'Âme et la Danse
613:Cahiers/Notebooks
483:Leonardo da Vinci
411:Stéphane Mallarmé
401:The great silence
350:Collège de France
291:League of Nations
237:Stéphane Mallarmé
230:Stéphane Mallarmé
162:
161:
128:Jeannie Gobillard
97:Collège de France
1960:
1953:French agnostics
1868:People from Sète
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
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1612:
1603:
1515:Michel Jarrety,
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1166:
1155:
1134:Bonini's paradox
1128:
1123:
1122:
941:, by J.R. Lawler
696:The Wanting Seed
556:Louis de Broglie
552:Raymond Poincaré
493:(from the Latin
373:
372:
353:
352:
333:
332:
287:
286:
262:in awarding the
175:
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35:
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1957:
1928:Prix Blumenthal
1903:Symbolist poets
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1707:Eusèbe Renaudot
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1601:
1595:
1584:Fabien Vasseur
1581:, Hermann, 1983
1494:Serge Bourjea,
1463:
1461:Further reading
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1165:. 1 April 2020.
1157:
1156:
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1147:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1099:Collected Verse
951:Volume 3. Plays
931:Volume 1. Poems
905:R. A. Christmas
894:
853:/ nrf Gallimard
733:La Jeune Parque
705:
691:Anthony Burgess
669:
663:
660:
658:
636:Cormac McCarthy
632:
581:
568:Albert Einstein
537:
507:
479:la Jeune Parque
475:
425:
422:La Jeune Parque
415:La Jeune Parque
403:
398:
383:Swedish Academy
289:matters at the
264:Prix Blumenthal
198:
168:
136:Catherine Pozzi
120:
77:
73:
60:
59:30 October 1871
54:
52:
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26:
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1827:François Jacob
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1791:
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1779:Anatole France
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1593:External links
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709:Conte de nuits
704:
703:Selected works
701:
693:'s 1962 novel
678:The Wind Rises
673:Hayao Miyazaki
668:
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641:Blood Meridian
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241:Berthe Morisot
226:Roman Catholic
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564:Henri Bergson
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1898:French poets
1835:Marc Lambron
1803:Louis Armand
1795:Henri Mondor
1786:
1763:Henri Martin
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1413:The Guardian
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1269:. Retrieved
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1226:. Retrieved
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805:Variétés III
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529:Edgar Bowers
522:
514:
513:. His poem,
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363:Vichy regime
359:World War II
356:
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310:
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257:
234:
199:
164:
163:
74:(1945-07-20)
72:20 July 1945
39:Henri Manuel
18:
1863:1945 deaths
1858:1871 births
1787:Paul Valéry
1699:Jean Doujat
1633:(in French)
1611:(in French)
1602:(in French)
1517:Paul Valéry
979:T. S. Eliot
927:, 1956–75)
817:Variétes IV
793:L'idée fixe
781:Variétés II
650:Octavio Paz
535:Prose works
517:, inspired
473:Other works
451:World War I
429:alexandrine
249:Julie Manet
222:Montpellier
204:father and
182:philosopher
25:Paul Valéry
1852:Categories
1307:Tablet Mag
1271:7 December
1145:References
835:Variétes V
763:Variétés I
560:André Gide
407:symbolists
212:mother in
114:Philosophy
55:1871-10-30
1908:Aphorists
1248:www.kb.nl
1051:Notebooks
939:Notebooks
799:Moralités
638:'s novel
541:bons mots
505:Technique
463:Aeschylus
459:Sophocles
443:The Fates
196:Biography
186:aphorisms
149:Signature
91:Education
1448:12 April
1112:See also
1095:, 2020).
1081:Volume 5
1075:Volume 4
1069:Volume 3
1063:Volume 2
1057:Volume 1
910:Dialogue
829:Tel quel
789:. (1931)
681:and the
573:Variétés
511:Mallarmé
202:Corsican
178:essayist
141:Children
117:Essayist
83:Language
64:, France
41:, 1920s.
1671:seat 38
1047:Cahiers
917:(2019).
879:Cahiers
869:Cahiers
751:Charmes
609:Cahiers
605:Cahiers
601:Cahiers
596:Cahiers
589:Cahiers
585:Cahiers
545:liberal
495:carmina
491:Charmes
477:Before
357:During
317:biology
218:Hérault
210:Istrian
206:Genoese
169:French:
133:Partner
1837:(2014)
1829:(1996)
1821:(1986)
1813:(1972)
1805:(1963)
1797:(1946)
1789:(1925)
1781:(1896)
1773:(1884)
1765:(1878)
1757:(1833)
1749:(1803)
1741:(1775)
1733:(1733)
1725:(1725)
1717:(1720)
1709:(1688)
1701:(1650)
1693:(1636)
1685:(1635)
1609:essay
1390:
865:(1968)
857:Œuvres
847:Œuvres
843:(1948)
837:(1944)
831:(1943)
825:(1942)
819:(1938)
813:(1936)
807:(1936)
801:(1932)
795:(1932)
783:(1930)
777:(1925)
771:(1924)
765:(1924)
759:(1923)
753:(1922)
747:(1920)
741:(1920)
735:(1917)
729:(1896)
723:(1895)
717:(1891)
711:(1888)
566:, and
438:Parcae
361:, the
321:optics
180:, and
125:Spouse
111:Poetry
86:French
515:Palme
271:Havas
105:Genre
1450:2024
1388:ISBN
1273:2021
1230:2021
841:Vues
461:and
396:Work
319:and
214:Sète
69:Died
62:Sète
47:Born
1629:at
1410:".
907:in
323:).
1854::
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208:-
167:(
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53:(
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