597:= 35.10 Ă…. It was determined from rotation photograph using copper Ka radiation, nickel filtered, with the film in self-calibrating arrangement. The reflections were indexed with the help of a zero-layer Weissenberg photograph. Reflections of the type hkl for l = 0 to l = 12 have been examined with equi-inclination weissenberg photographs, and only reflections having h+k+l even are observed, indicating a body-centered lattice. The crystal system is isometric. The space group of the paulingite is Im3m and the point group is 4/m3 2/m (Kamb and Oke 1960).
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Paulingite's characteristic structure can be observed while the remaining water content decomposes. A single crystal X-ray refinement of this chemically different sample material derived three main cation positions, which are inside a so-called paulingite or calcium (Ca), between 8-rings of neighbouring barium (Ba), and in the centre of the non-planar 8-rings of the -cage potassium (K).
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The crystal faces are smooth and planar and have a bright vitreous luster. The crystals have no cleavage. Under a binocular microscope, it resembles chips of ice. Lamellae seen optically may indicate twinning. They have a conchoidal fracture. It has a white streak. Rhombic dodecahedron is the dominant crystal form for paulingite. The
614:
are K rich while Chase Creek is Barium rich. The Si/Al ratio does not control the formation because the ratio is controlled by the pH of the solution. They may have formed around hydrated or partially hydrated alkali and alkaline earth cations which act as a template. Relatively low-saline solutions
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of 0.1 to 1.0 mm in diameter. Their attachment to vesicles causes a hemispherical shape exhibiting 5 to 6 planes of dodecahedral planes. In the vesicular walls, they appear to be dark brown to black. They are actually clear and colorless due to clarity and their attachment to the vesicular wall.
518:
of alkali and alkaline cations with a three-dimensional structure. It is a special group of minerals that is important due to its members' uses in different industries. Due to its special properties like attractive adsorption, cation-exchange, dehydration-rehydration and catalysis properties they are
321:
The early formation in the crystallization sequence and the high water content suggest that paulingite forms from relatively dilute pore fluids. They have a large unit cell of 3.51 nanometers and an isometric crystal system. This is the largest known inorganic unit cell apart from protein structures.
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of paulingite is 5. The size of the paulingite unit cell is outstanding because it is the largest inorganic compounds exceeding most complex, intermetallic compounds. The measured density is 2.085 g/cm and calculated density is 2.10 g/cm. The figure below shows the dodecahedron shape of paulingite
615:
promote paulingite framework. So it occurs in sub-alkaline rocks. There are following localities where paulingite are also found which include
Riggins in Idaho country, Ritter in Grant county and Chase creek in British Columbia. In Europe, Paulingite was found among zeolites of the
569:, the crystals contains a scattering of minute bubble-like inclusions. Paulingite is mostly isotropic and in extreme cases that faint, isolated, fuzzy and weak birefringent twinning which is a determining factor for differentiating paulingite from
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crystal form {110} and has a very large unit cell with a = 3.51 nanometers. The mineral information was described by Kamb and Oke (1960) which has Si/Al ratio of 3.0, a BaO range of 0.5–4.1% and 18.5% of water content (Tscherinch and Wise, 1982).
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flows. Because of its rarity, certain chemical factors have to be considered for its formation. The exchangeable cations do not control the formation of paulingite because variations of localities have different percentages to elements; e.g.
523:, construction industry, agricultural industry, medical industry, petrochemical industry, space industry and domestic products industry (Fredrick A. Mumpton, 1998). It is a rare zeolite mineral with a
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and Oke in 1960 first described paulingite from vesicles in the
Tertiary, augite-bearing, basaltic rocks at the Rock Island dam in Washington, where it is associated with
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at 230 in sodium vapor light by immersion method is 1.473. Single crystal diffraction study provides information that paulingite is cubic and the cubic length of a
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mineral species, pyrite and calcite are the important minerals are usually found in association with paulingite.
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in
Ireland and two zeolite localities near Howeneeg and Vogelsberg (Tscherinch and Wise, 1982).
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314:(1901–1994), professor of chemistry, California Institute of Technology and accepted by the
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807:, Wien, Austria: Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien
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Mineralogical characterization of paulingite from
Vinaricka Hora, Czech Republic
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National
Academy of sciences colloquium "Geology, Mineralogy and Human Welfare"
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Mumpton, Fredrick A. (1998), "Uses of
Zeolites in agriculture and industry",
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Paulingite, a new zeolite, in association with erionite and filiform pyrite
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mineral that is found in vesicles in the basaltic rocks from the
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346:. In particular, highly technical, grammatically erratic.
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http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/paulingitek.pdf
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Lengauer, C. L.; Giester, G.; Tillmanns, S. (1996),
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Physical, crystallographic information and structure
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813:Tschernich, Rudy W.; Wise, William S. (1982),
514:). Zeolite minerals are crystalline, hydrated
781:http://webmineral.com/data/Paulingite-K.shtml
8:
352:. There might be a discussion about this on
605:Paulingite is usually found in vesicles of
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372:Learn how and when to remove this message
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815:"Paulingite: variations in composition"
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316:International Mineralogical Association
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635:, Douglas Co., Washington; from near
544:has twelve faces, each of which is a
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708:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
175:Colorless, light yellow, orange, red
793:http://www.mindat.org/min-7219.html
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824:, vol. 67, pp. 799–803
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671:, and in the Ortenberg quarry,
552:Paulingite is a perfect clear
185:Typically as euhedral crystals
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882:Minerals in space group 229
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832:; Oke, William C. (1960),
655:. At Kladno and Vinarice,
16:Paulingite series, zeolite
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310:Paulingite was named for
567:petrographic microscope
712:Mineralogical Magazine
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228:Vitreous to adamantine
822:American Mineralogist
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106:Strunz classification
554:rhombic dodecahedron
542:rhombic dodecahedron
342:confusing or unclear
733:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
724:2021MinM...85..291W
706:Warr, L.N. (2021).
601:Geologic occurrence
350:clarify the section
857:Structure type PAU
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312:Linus Carl Pauling
669:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
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768:Mineral Handbook
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612:Riggins zeolites
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254:Refractive index
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718:(3): 291–320.
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167:Identification
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362:December 2018
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354:the talk page
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338:This section
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181:Crystal habit
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128:Crystal class
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623:Distribution
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525:dodecahedron
519:used in the
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385:Introduction
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359:
348:Please help
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289:paulingite-K
288:
284:
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267:fluorescence
248:2.085 – 2.24
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683:Association
679:, Germany.
455:phillipsite
264:Ultraviolet
238:Transparent
234:Diaphaneity
151:Space group
866:Categories
783:Webmineral
694:References
673:Vogelsberg
344:to readers
305:Washington
291:is a rare
285:Paulingite
276:References
211:Mohs scale
205:Conchoidal
139:H-M symbol
96:IMA symbol
22:Paulingite
742:235729616
659:. In the
633:Wenatchee
562:mineral.
397:(Na,K,Ca)
318:in 1960.
53:(K,Na,Ca)
872:Zeolites
663:quarry,
661:Höwenegg
649:Portrush
645:Falkland
571:analcite
559:hardness
214:hardness
201:Fracture
191:Cleavage
32:Category
720:Bibcode
688:Zeolite
637:Riggins
589:). The
546:rhombus
503:), and
494:calcite
415:(Al,Si)
340:may be
293:zeolite
141:: (4/m
110:9.GC.35
80:•17-22H
62:(Si,Al)
44:Formula
36:Zeolite
27:General
795:Mindat
740:
641:Ritter
607:basalt
575:NaAlSi
505:pyrite
458:(Ca,Na
224:Luster
818:(PDF)
738:S2CID
677:Hesse
665:Hegau
299:near
172:Color
121:Cubic
38:Group
498:CaCO
442:·12H
390:Kamb
271:None
195:None
145:2/m)
728:doi
509:FeS
402:2–3
287:or
136:m)
100:Pau
58:3–4
868::
820:,
773:^
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726:.
716:85
714:.
710:.
675:,
667:,
583:·H
540:A
492:,
484:12
480:32
476:10
474:Si
470:Al
462:,K
453:,
451:O)
438:36
429:13
424:Si
406:Al
307:.
303:,
76:42
67:21
846:.
837:.
809:.
744:.
730::
722::
595:0
587:O
585:2
581:6
579:O
577:2
573:(
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511:2
507:(
500:3
496:(
490:O
488:2
486:H
482:·
478:O
472:6
468:3
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464:2
460:2
447:2
433:O
420:2
411:3
375:)
369:(
364:)
360:(
356:.
218:5
162:m
160:3
158:m
156:I
143:3
134:3
89:O
85:2
71:O
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