232:
mature female, designated as "Oase 3". However, additional finds and work have shown that the temporal bone derives from the same cranium as the "Oase 2" facial and parietal bones. The lack of archaeological signs such as torches, charcoal or tools could suggest that the human remains may have washed in the cave through fissures. The "Oase 2" and "Oase 3" confirm a pattern already known from the probably contemporaneous "Oase 1" mandible, indicating a mixture of archaic, early modern human and
Neanderthal morphological features. Thus, the specimens exhibit a suite of derived "modern human" features like projecting chin, no brow ridge, a high and rounded brain case. Yet, these features are associated with several archaic aspects of the cranium and dentition that place them outside the range of variation for modern humans, like a large face, a large crest of bone behind the ear and big teeth that get even larger toward the back. This mosaic of Neanderthal and modern human resembles similar traits found in a 25,000 years old fossil of a child in
567:
97:
69:
355:
62:
585:
90:
451:
45:
1307:
753:"Oase 2" belongs to the same basal subclade of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup N as "Oase 1". When compared against all DNA samples on record, "Oase 2" and "Oase 1" share the closest genetic affinity with each other. "Oase 1" and "Oase 2" appear to be from related, but not necessarily identical populations.
866:
In this context, the particular importance of the "Peștera cu Oase" findings resides both in the mixture of modern human and archaic (Neanderthal) features and in the fact that they are sufficiently complete to be taxonomically diagnosed and directly dated. Thus, the Oase fossils overlap in time for
331:
In June 2003 a further research team with Ștefan Milota, Ricardo
Rodrigo, and Mircea Gherase discovered additional human remains on the cave's surface. Thus, an entire anterior cranial skeleton was found along with a largely complete left temporal bone and a number of frontal, parietal and occipital
998:
Trinkaus, E., Zilhão, J., Rougier, H., Rodrigo, R., Milota, S., Gherase, M., Sarcinã, L., Moldovan, O., Bãltean, I., Codrea, V., Bailey, S. E., Franciscus, R. G., Ponce de Léon, M., Zollikofer, C. P. E. (2006) The Peștera cu Oase and early modern humans in
Southeastern Europe. In N.J. Conard (Ed.),
895:
When modern humans entered Europe, they encountered people with the same cognitive capabilities and featuring identical levels of cultural achievement. In such a situation, the entire gamut of cultural interaction situations, from conflict to mutual avoidance and full admixture, must have ensued at
231:
While "Oase 1" lower jaw is fully mature, the facial skeleton is that of a mid-second-decade adolescent, therefore corresponding to a second individual, designated as "Oase 2". Further analyses have revealed that the left temporal bone represents a third individual, assessed as adolescent versus
886:
Since genetics does not reject the hypothesis of a
Neanderthal-modern admixture, and morphological and archaeological evidence suggest that Neanderthal lineages survived into later Upper Paleolithic populations, "Peștera cu Oase" findings provide a strong argument in favor of an admixture model
883:) at ~34,000 radiocarbon years BP. Besides, the notion that the Oase people are very close to the time of contact with Neanderthals is consistent with their archaic traits, and finds additional support in the patterns of spatio-temporal distribution of the latest Neanderthal remains.
1207:
Qiaomei Fu; Mateja
Hajdinjak; Oana Teodora Moldovan; Silviu Constantin; Swapan Mallick; Pontus Skoglund; Nick Patterson; Nadin Rohland; Iosif Lazaridis; Birgit Nickel; Bence Viola; Kay Prüfer; Matthias Meyer; Janet Kelso; David Reich; Svante Pääbo (13 August 2015).
284:), presented unusual arrangements such as the placement of some remains on raised rocks, suggesting a certain human involvement in the accumulated deposits. In fact, speleologists Ștefan Milota, Adrian Bîlgăr and Laurențiu Sarcina discovered a complete
890:
Arguing with chronological overlapping and morphological blending, this model assumes significant
Neanderthal/modern human admixture, suggesting that already on their arrival in Europe, modern humans met, intermixed and interbred with Neanderthals.
855:
differences have suggested a major physical anthropological discontinuity and hence, a complete population replacement at the Middle-to-Upper
Palaeolithic transition, leading to what one might call "Out of Africa with Complete Replacement" model.
896:
the local and regional level. But the overall result in the long-term continental perspective was that of biological and cultural blending, the imbalance in the size of the gene reservoirs involved explaining the eventual loss of
Neanderthal
838:
A skull found in Peștera cu Oase in 2004/5 bears features of both modern humans and
Neanderthals. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the skull is 37,800 years old, making it amongst the oldest modern human fossils ever found in Europe.
749:
Around 6% of "Oase 2"'s genome is
Neanderthal in origin, which is lower than for "Oase 1"; however, this is still much higher than expected based on its age and what is seen in other Upper Palaeolithic genomes.
483:
populations than with modern Europeans. However, Oase shared equal alleles with Mesolithic Europeans and East Eurasians suggesting non pre LGM-European admixture in modern Europeans, part of it being from the
1885:
2795:
522:
backgrounds, respectively, for whom Poznik et al. proposed the creation of a new subclade, named "K2a1"). (Earlier research by Fu et al. reported that Oase 1 belonged to a
1040:
Fu, Qiaomei; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Moldovan, Oana Teodora; Constantin, Silviu; Mallick, Swapan; Skoglund, Pontus; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Lazaridis, Iosif (2015-08-13).
1281:
784:
Peștera cu Oase is subject to ongoing investigation. The on-site findings from the 2005 campaign are currently cross-examined at the Romanian "Emil Racoviță" Institute of
1375:
274:, discovered a previously unknown chamber with a profusion of mammalian skeletal remains. The cave, which seemed to have served primarily as hibernation room for the
5674:
354:
476:
and together with the linkage disequilibrium patterns indicates that Oase 1 had a relatively-recent Neanderthal ancestor – about four to six generations earlier.
851:
The marked contrast between the morphological modernity of "early modern" humans and even late "classical Neanderthal" trait-packages, as well as mitochondrial
2876:
1559:
5689:
2209:
5669:
4379:
2599:
1014:
981:
Trinkaus, E., Milota, Ș., Rodrigo, R., Gherase, M., Moldovan, O. (2003), Early Modern Human Cranial remains from the Peștera cu Oase, Romania,
5704:
5679:
5234:
5054:
5044:
5019:
4769:
4743:
3011:
1590:
566:
4686:
768:" that is not found in "Oase 2". After "Oase 1", the next closest genetic affinity for "Oase 2" among ancient DNA samples is the c. 40kya
953:
5184:
1580:
61:
4595:
4591:
761:
538:
2051:
1680:
743:
148:
5395:
3601:
1265:
G. David Poznik et al., 2016, "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences"
3591:
1552:
1145:
Trinkaus, E.; Moldovan, O.; Milota, Ș.; Bîlgăr, A.; Sarcina, L.; Athreya, S.; Bailey, S. E.; Rodrigo, R.; et al. (2003).
479:
The autosomal DNA of Oase 1 by Fu et al. (2015) indicates that he (as it was a male) may have shared more alleles with modern
5214:
5194:
3672:
2919:
789:
859:
However, more recent direct dating of fossils has demonstrated that early modern human remains were instead of the mid/late
89:
5189:
813:
5267:
3797:
3662:
3094:
496:
225:
5694:
4043:
3914:
1914:
1605:
4764:
4454:
2939:
2081:
1833:
5566:
5360:
5134:
5094:
3036:
2323:
1545:
530:, other than haplogroups G, H, I and J – leaving open the possibility that Oase 1 belonged to macrohaplogroup
372:
5684:
5064:
4172:
3197:
727:
473:
254:
ancestor, with an estimated 5-11% Neanderthal autosomal DNA. The specimen's 12th chromosome was 50% Neanderthal.
2707:
5558:
5034:
5029:
4681:
4276:
3509:
2476:
1776:
5305:
390:
5405:
5154:
4219:
3422:
2826:
2259:
2093:
1930:
1585:
793:
756:"Oase 1" shows an affinity for Ice Age Europeans that is not found in "Oase 2", while "Oase 2" is closer to
584:
1537:
5493:
5488:
5224:
5109:
4906:
4444:
4082:
3930:
3463:
3412:
2981:
2460:
2395:
2133:
1996:
1896:
797:
503:
3031:
5400:
5079:
5049:
4645:
4505:
4369:
3935:
3149:
2818:
2609:
2594:
1369:
801:
233:
5450:
4916:
2882:
2287:
2148:
1698:
5315:
5295:
4972:
4671:
4655:
4531:
3940:
3631:
3231:
3174:
3159:
3021:
2929:
2666:
2640:
2604:
1969:
1907:
1828:
1461:
1398:
1389:
Mellars, P (Feb 2006). "A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia".
1221:
1158:
1053:
910:
832:
820:
809:
805:
541:
267:
5300:
776:. Neither "Oase 2" nor "Oase 1" are particularly close genetically to any modern human populations.
574:
Forensic facial reconstruction of Oase 2. Exhibited in the Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, Germany.
5430:
5325:
5204:
5149:
4810:
4676:
4547:
4510:
4459:
4334:
3978:
3309:
3016:
2959:
2934:
2899:
2894:
2869:
2831:
2420:
2219:
2193:
2153:
1981:
915:
739:
5460:
5345:
5290:
1282:"Chapter 2: Palaeolithic Oase genome implies diversification and extinction events across Eurasia"
5699:
5614:
5425:
5169:
5159:
5144:
4820:
4805:
4613:
3994:
3839:
3781:
3682:
3667:
3119:
2964:
2854:
2842:
2805:
2764:
2661:
2425:
2410:
2229:
2036:
2021:
1524:
1430:
1357:
1127:
579:
308:
4825:
3129:
1838:
765:
4815:
5410:
5244:
5229:
5119:
4931:
4921:
4722:
4701:
4691:
4650:
4464:
4384:
4209:
3144:
3124:
3089:
2986:
2810:
2681:
2442:
2264:
2249:
2158:
1791:
1719:
1489:
1422:
1414:
1349:
1341:
1247:
1186:
1087:
1069:
897:
507:
399:
320:
204:
468:
About 6-9% of the genome is Neanderthal in origin. This is the highest percentage of archaic
5465:
5420:
5320:
5209:
5139:
5114:
4399:
4344:
4292:
4156:
4151:
4135:
3878:
3719:
3504:
3164:
3154:
3052:
3026:
2914:
2859:
2800:
2748:
2717:
2686:
2558:
2292:
2234:
2103:
2071:
2046:
2026:
2011:
1796:
1771:
1665:
1520:
1516:
1479:
1469:
1406:
1333:
1296:
1264:
1237:
1229:
1176:
1166:
1119:
1077:
1061:
824:
527:
492:
275:
217:
209:
132:
5435:
5598:
5385:
5285:
5014:
4967:
4952:
4629:
4489:
4469:
4449:
4354:
4234:
4061:
3954:
3813:
3647:
3545:
3499:
3437:
3396:
2969:
2924:
2887:
2691:
2676:
2614:
2579:
2518:
2328:
2313:
2076:
2001:
1974:
1925:
1740:
1735:
531:
417:
323:, they may represent one of the earliest modern human populations to have entered Europe.
5483:
5340:
4214:
3114:
2949:
2254:
2016:
1848:
1623:
1465:
1402:
1225:
1162:
1057:
5509:
5440:
5330:
5074:
5069:
4911:
4896:
4875:
4717:
4484:
4474:
4429:
4339:
4271:
4130:
4015:
3652:
3473:
3380:
3349:
3339:
3267:
3169:
3139:
3109:
3006:
2991:
2974:
2954:
2944:
2864:
2738:
2630:
2358:
2348:
2333:
2239:
2214:
2168:
2120:
2041:
1940:
1643:
1484:
1449:
1242:
1209:
1082:
1041:
933:
Fu Q. et al., "An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor",
773:
502:
Research by Poznik et al. (2016) suggests that Oase 1 Y-DNA belongs to haplogroup
485:
336:
285:
280:
1181:
1146:
5663:
5643:
5638:
5519:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5174:
5129:
5124:
5104:
5004:
4926:
4901:
4800:
4696:
4434:
4359:
4224:
4193:
3899:
3755:
3735:
3677:
3550:
3427:
3329:
2996:
2671:
2635:
2584:
2563:
2508:
2432:
2415:
2400:
2297:
2061:
2056:
1935:
1843:
1638:
1569:
876:
840:
757:
515:
511:
469:
435:
4020:
3968:
1131:
5548:
5527:
5310:
5239:
5219:
5179:
4859:
4568:
4552:
4419:
4404:
4394:
4229:
3909:
3868:
3829:
3740:
3698:
3616:
3586:
3571:
3494:
3489:
3458:
3432:
3375:
3334:
3262:
3257:
3134:
3099:
3073:
2374:
2318:
2183:
2143:
2138:
2086:
2006:
1986:
1786:
1628:
1528:
1434:
1361:
868:
769:
519:
426:
289:
44:
2712:
488:
ancestry that was carried to Europe by Anatolian farmers and Yamnaya pastoralists.
5543:
5350:
5335:
5199:
5089:
5084:
5039:
5024:
4479:
4439:
4424:
4374:
4114:
3999:
3973:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3847:
3765:
3760:
3714:
3657:
3606:
3596:
3576:
3417:
3354:
3344:
3319:
3293:
3215:
3104:
3057:
2904:
2743:
2526:
2437:
2405:
2379:
2338:
2269:
2163:
1956:
1812:
1755:
1750:
1714:
1670:
1310:
This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the
852:
816:
721:
363:
340:
251:
188:
2796:
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
1311:
738:
Researchers sequenced the genome of "Oase 2" (41,500–39,500 years old) to high
17:
5648:
5390:
5355:
5164:
5099:
5009:
4962:
4957:
4947:
4843:
4835:
4779:
4774:
4738:
4515:
4409:
4188:
3626:
3611:
3581:
3514:
3324:
3314:
3277:
3252:
3247:
2779:
2769:
2353:
2343:
2224:
2098:
2066:
1948:
1781:
785:
646:
480:
316:
263:
1418:
1345:
1073:
1015:"Team Characterizing DNA from Ancient Human with Recent Neanderthal Ancestry"
464:
DNA analysis of Oase 1 since 2015 has made a number of significant findings.
163:
150:
5582:
5059:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4098:
3750:
3566:
3468:
3370:
2774:
2542:
2279:
2188:
2178:
2031:
1869:
1745:
1633:
1474:
1171:
676:
666:
596:
544:, but diverged from all other N clades before they diverged from each other.
4784:
1493:
1426:
1353:
1251:
1190:
1091:
237:
5455:
5415:
4988:
4891:
4389:
4349:
4239:
3904:
3621:
3272:
2722:
2589:
2492:
2173:
1853:
1693:
1688:
1675:
860:
696:
686:
616:
523:
1410:
1233:
1065:
4759:
4364:
4077:
3745:
3519:
2125:
1964:
1306:
1300:
1210:"An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor"
1123:
1042:"An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor"
872:
843:(2007) concluded that the two groups interbred thousands of years ago.
636:
266:
team exploring the karstic system of Miniș Valley, in the southwestern
221:
136:
455:
Phylogenetic position of ancient Upper Paleolithic Eurasian specimens.
298:(The Cave with Bones) and the human mandible as "Oase 1" (also dubbed
228:(EEMH) remains, between 42,000 and 37,000 years old, have been found.
4255:
3529:
3524:
2452:
1450:"Early modern humans from the Peștera Muierii, Baia de Fier, Romania"
1337:
880:
656:
626:
606:
510:(also K2a*), 45,000-year-old remains from Siberia, and upstream from
408:
381:
247:
244:
335:"Oase 1" exhibits morphological traits from early modern humans and
1324:
Ponce, De, León, Ms; Zollikofer, Cp (Aug 2001). "Peștera cu Oase".
1110:
Zilhão, J. (2006). "Neandertals and Moderns Mixed and It Matters".
5445:
3442:
3001:
271:
213:
121:
1289:
Human population history and its interplay with natural selection
5475:
706:
450:
5265:
4589:
4041:
3195:
2877:
Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
1603:
1541:
828:
800:
on 21 bone/tooth samples and 29 associated sediment samples),
2210:
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
1312:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
514:
and a rare lineage found in two living males (from ethnic
537:
According to Fu, Oase-1's maternal lineage is related to
954:"Fossil Teeth Put Humans in Europe Earlier Than Thought"
937:
524, 216–219 (13 August 2015), doi:10.1038/nature14558.
887:
between regional Neanderthals and early modern humans.
1147:"An early modern human from Peștera cu Oase, Romania"
867:
some 3000 years with late Neanderthals like those of
875:) dated to ~32,000 radiocarbon years BP or less for
345:
5607:
5591:
5575:
5557:
5536:
5518:
5502:
5474:
5278:
4997:
4981:
4940:
4884:
4868:
4852:
4834:
4793:
4752:
4731:
4710:
4664:
4638:
4622:
4606:
4561:
4540:
4524:
4498:
4327:
4301:
4285:
4264:
4248:
4202:
4181:
4165:
4144:
4123:
4107:
4091:
4070:
4054:
4008:
3987:
3961:
3949:
3923:
3892:
3856:
3838:
3822:
3806:
3790:
3774:
3728:
3707:
3691:
3640:
3559:
3538:
3482:
3451:
3405:
3389:
3363:
3302:
3286:
3240:
3224:
3208:
3082:
3066:
3045:
2788:
2757:
2731:
2700:
2654:
2623:
2572:
2551:
2535:
2517:
2501:
2485:
2469:
2451:
2388:
2367:
2306:
2278:
2202:
1878:
1862:
1821:
1805:
1764:
1728:
1707:
1652:
1616:
835:(AMS radiocarbon dating on 25 bone/tooth samples).
208:, meaning "The Cave with Bones") is a system of 12
184:
179:
142:
128:
116:
804:, (uranium-series analysis on 22 bone samples),
311:of the Oase fossils give an age of 37,800 years
893:
1507:Trinkaus, Erik (2005). "Early Modern Humans".
299:
293:
1553:
1448:Soficaru, A.; Dobo, A.; Trinkaus, E. (2006).
212:galleries and chambers located near the city
8:
1374:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
977:
975:
973:
506:. That is, Oase 1 possesses SNPS similar to
243:In 2015 genetics research revealed that the
30:
5275:
5262:
4603:
4586:
4051:
4038:
3205:
3192:
1613:
1600:
1568:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
1560:
1546:
1538:
565:
556:
29:
1483:
1473:
1241:
1180:
1170:
1081:
947:
945:
943:
764:. "Oase 1" shows a genetic affinity for "
4335:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
1105:
1103:
1101:
808:, (uranium-series dating on 7 samples),
292:. The karstic chamber was designated as
1521:10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.030905.154913
1001:When Neanderthals and modern humans met
926:
900:lineages among later and extant humans.
96:
68:
27:Cave and archaeological site in Romania
5675:Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens fossils
1367:
312:
1003:, pp. 145-164. Tübingen: Kerns Verlag
863:, hence much younger than supposed.
203:
7:
1202:
1200:
240:, by Cidália Duarte, et al. (1999).
236:or in the 31,000 years old site of
952:Wilford, John Noble (2 Nov 2011).
25:
5690:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe
2723:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
1886:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
1681:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
819:dating on 8 bone/tooth samples),
1305:
583:
449:
353:
95:
88:
67:
60:
43:
5670:2002 archaeological discoveries
1013:Anderson, Andrea (8 May 2015).
315:. From a location close to the
790:Australian National University
437:Initial Upper Paleolithic wave
1:
1509:Annual Review of Anthropology
491:Oase 1 belongs to an extinct
5705:Early European modern humans
5680:Prehistoric sites in Romania
539:mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
497:mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
2911:Other caves with decoration
1993:Other caves with decoration
1915:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
1591:Caves containing pictograms
831:on 37 bone/tooth samples),
226:European early modern human
224:, where some of the oldest
5721:
2895:Other World Heritage Sites
1982:Other World Heritage Sites
1581:Paleoanthropological sites
983:Journal of Human Evolution
205:[ˈpeʃterakuˈo̯ase]
5631:
5274:
5261:
4602:
4585:
4050:
4037:
3204:
3191:
1612:
1599:
1576:
1112:Evolutionary Anthropology
847:Implications for research
580:Scientific classification
578:
573:
564:
559:
474:anatomically modern human
104:Peștera cu Oase (Romania)
54:
42:
35:
5559:Northern Mariana Islands
1280:Siska, Veronika (2018).
722:H. neanderthalensis
1475:10.1073/pnas.0608443103
1293:University of Cambridge
1172:10.1073/pnas.2035108100
825:stable isotope analysis
794:electron spin resonance
201:Romanian pronunciation:
4083:Manyana Rock Paintings
2134:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
1270:, no. 48, pp. 593–599.
902:
300:
294:
4646:Actun Tunichil Muknal
802:University of Bristol
798:uranium-series dating
234:Abrigo do Lagar Velho
220:county, southwestern
135:county, southwestern
4220:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
3160:Red Lady of Paviland
2052:Mayrières supérieure
833:University of Vienna
821:Max Planck Institute
810:University of Oxford
806:University of Bergen
526:of Y-DNA haplogroup
268:Carpathian Mountains
262:In February 2002, a
31:Peștera cu Oase Cave
5035:Colorado Millennial
3673:Shiraho Saonetabaru
2477:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
1466:2006PNAS..10317196S
1460:(46): 17196–17201.
1411:10.1038/nature04521
1403:2006Natur.439..931M
1234:10.1038/nature14558
1226:2015Natur.524..216F
1163:2003PNAS..10011231T
1157:(20): 11231–11236.
1066:10.1038/nature14558
1058:2015Natur.524..216F
916:Prehistoric Romania
742:(20-fold) from its
160: /
107:Show map of Romania
76:location in Romania
32:
5695:Peopling of Europe
4853:Dominican Republic
4614:Cueva de las Manos
3510:Huto and Kamarband
2920:Barranc del Migdia
2806:Caves in Cantabria
2230:Hohlenstein-Stadel
2037:Grotte de Gabillou
2022:La Chaire a Calvin
1301:10.17863/CAM.31536
1124:10.1002/evan.20110
304:"John of Anina").
79:Show map of Europe
5657:
5656:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
4770:Piedras del Tunjo
4702:Toca da Tira Peia
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
2823:Hornos de la Peña
1220:(7564): 216–219.
1052:(7564): 216–219.
1019:www.genomeweb.com
911:Peștera Muierilor
766:Peştera Muierii 2
736:
735:
462:
461:
321:Danubian corridor
309:radiocarbon dates
194:
193:
164:45.017°N 21.833°E
16:(Redirected from
5712:
5685:Caves of Romania
5576:Papua New Guinea
5276:
5263:
5215:Stanfield-Worley
5190:Rockhouse Cliffs
4604:
4587:
4455:Howieson's Poort
4152:Enkapune Ya Muto
4052:
4039:
3505:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
3206:
3193:
2960:Peñas de Cabrera
2260:Kleine Feldhofer
2220:Geissenklösterle
2072:Roc-aux-Sorciers
1614:
1601:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1338:10.1038/35087573
1321:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1010:
1004:
996:
990:
979:
968:
967:
965:
964:
949:
938:
931:
780:Current research
762:Native Americans
588:
587:
569:
557:
493:Y-DNA haplogroup
453:
452:
442:
440:
431:
429:
422:
420:
413:
411:
404:
402:
395:
393:
386:
384:
377:
375:
368:
366:
357:
346:
314:
303:
297:
276:Late Pleistocene
207:
202:
175:
174:
172:
171:
170:
165:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
108:
99:
98:
92:
80:
71:
70:
64:
47:
33:
21:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5619:
5603:
5587:
5571:
5553:
5532:
5514:
5498:
5470:
5386:Mackintosh 90/1
5306:Beginner's Luck
5270:
5249:
5065:Dutchess Quarry
5005:Arnold Research
4993:
4977:
4936:
4880:
4864:
4848:
4830:
4789:
4748:
4727:
4706:
4660:
4656:Midnight Terror
4634:
4618:
4598:
4573:
4557:
4536:
4520:
4494:
4323:
4297:
4281:
4260:
4244:
4235:Kelif el Boroud
4198:
4177:
4161:
4140:
4119:
4103:
4087:
4066:
4046:
4025:
4004:
3983:
3957:
3945:
3919:
3888:
3852:
3834:
3818:
3802:
3786:
3770:
3724:
3703:
3687:
3636:
3555:
3534:
3478:
3447:
3401:
3385:
3359:
3298:
3282:
3236:
3220:
3200:
3179:
3078:
3062:
3041:
2940:los Murciélagos
2888:Roca dels Moros
2784:
2753:
2727:
2696:
2667:Chertovy Vorota
2650:
2619:
2568:
2547:
2531:
2519:North Macedonia
2513:
2497:
2481:
2465:
2447:
2384:
2363:
2302:
2274:
2198:
1961:Abri du Poisson
1926:Les Combarelles
1874:
1858:
1817:
1801:
1760:
1724:
1703:
1699:Trou de l'Abîme
1648:
1608:
1595:
1572:
1566:
1536:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1397:(7079): 931–5.
1388:
1387:
1383:
1366:
1332:(6846): 534–8.
1323:
1322:
1318:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1267:Nature Genetics
1263:
1259:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1012:
1011:
1007:
997:
993:
980:
971:
962:
960:
951:
950:
941:
932:
928:
924:
907:
849:
782:
732:
582:
553:
495:and an extinct
458:
457:
456:
454:
446:
445:
444:
443:
439:"East-Eurasian"
438:
436:
434:
432:
427:
425:
423:
418:
416:
414:
409:
407:
405:
400:
398:
396:
391:
389:
387:
382:
380:
378:
373:
371:
369:
364:
362:
358:
332:bone segments.
329:
295:Peștera cu Oase
260:
200:
197:Peștera cu Oase
168:
166:
162:
159:
154:
151:
149:
147:
146:
112:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
74:
73:
72:
50:
38:
37:Peștera cu Oase
28:
23:
22:
18:Peştera cu Oase
15:
12:
11:
5:
5718:
5716:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5524:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5480:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5301:Beeton Shelter
5298:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4973:T'uqu T'uquyuq
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4590:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4475:Pinnacle Point
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4277:The White Lady
4274:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3798:Khoit Tsenkher
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:Creswell Crags
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Aveline's Hole
3086:
3084:
3083:United Kingdom
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3032:Santa Catalina
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2827:Monte Castillo
2824:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Hadži-Prodan's
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1945:Laugerie-Haute
1943:
1941:Laugerie-Basse
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:Abri Chadourne
1920:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1822:Czech Republic
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1792:Romuald's Cave
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:Cave paintings
1583:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:cave paintings
1567:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1499:
1440:
1381:
1316:
1272:
1257:
1196:
1137:
1118:(5): 183–195.
1097:
1032:
1005:
991:
989::245 –253
969:
958:New York Times
939:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
913:
906:
903:
848:
845:
781:
778:
774:Northern China
734:
733:
718:
716:
712:
711:
704:
700:
699:
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
679:
674:
670:
669:
664:
660:
659:
654:
650:
649:
644:
640:
639:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
619:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
599:
594:
590:
589:
576:
575:
571:
570:
562:
561:
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
545:
535:
508:Ust'-Ishim man
489:
486:Basal Eurasian
477:
460:
459:
448:
447:
433:
424:
415:
406:
397:
388:
379:
370:
361:
360:
359:
352:
351:
350:
349:
337:archaic humans
328:
325:
286:human mandible
281:Ursus spelaeus
259:
256:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
169:45.017; 21.833
144:
140:
139:
130:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
103:
94:
93:
87:
86:
85:
84:
75:
66:
65:
59:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5717:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5644:Cave painting
5642:
5640:
5639:List of caves
5637:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5520:New Caledonia
5517:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5426:New Guinea II
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5401:Mannalargenna
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:On Your Knees
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5095:Hidden Valley
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:United States
4996:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Guilá Naquitz
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:Dzibilchaltún
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4682:Pedra Pintada
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4596:South America
4593:
4588:
4584:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4460:Klasies River
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Byneskranskop
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4225:Ifri Oudadane
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4194:Uan Muhuggiag
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Batadombalena
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Ras Baalbek I
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Nahal Me'arot
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3176:
3175:Windmill Hill
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Heathery Burn
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Tito Bustillo
2853:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:Las Chimeneas
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Akhshtyrskaya
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Pego do Diabo
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Arene Candide
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2288:Devil's Tower
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Pair-non-Pair
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Le Mas-d'Azil
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Arcy-sur-Cure
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Font-de-Gaume
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:Abri Castanet
1903:
1902:
1901:Castel Merle
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
988:
984:
978:
976:
974:
970:
959:
955:
948:
946:
944:
940:
936:
930:
927:
921:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
904:
901:
899:
892:
888:
884:
882:
878:
877:Arcy-sur-Cure
874:
870:
864:
862:
857:
854:
846:
844:
842:
841:Erik Trinkaus
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
779:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
751:
747:
745:
741:
731:
730:
729:
724:
723:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
591:
586:
581:
577:
572:
568:
563:
558:
555:
550:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:Haplogroup NO
509:
505:
501:
500:
498:
494:
490:
487:
482:
478:
475:
471:
470:introgression
467:
466:
465:
441:
430:
421:
412:
403:
394:
385:
376:
367:
356:
348:
347:
344:
342:
338:
333:
326:
324:
322:
318:
310:
305:
302:
301:Ion din Anina
296:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:speleological
257:
255:
253:
250:had a recent
249:
246:
241:
239:
235:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:Caraș-Severin
215:
211:
206:
198:
190:
187:
183:
178:
173:
145:
141:
138:
134:
133:Caraș-Severin
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
91:
63:
53:
46:
41:
34:
19:
5451:Wargata Mina
5411:Murrawijinie
5346:Eagles Reach
5341:Devil's Lair
5245:Wilson Butte
5030:Cherry Creek
5020:Bull Thistle
4765:Chiribiquete
4723:Charlie Lake
4651:Barton Creek
4465:Melkhoutboom
4405:Sterkfontein
4395:Plovers Lake
4328:South Africa
4230:Jebel Irhoud
4215:Ifri N'Ammar
3950:Turkmenistan
3915:Hunugalagala
3699:Iraq ed-Dubb
3464:Jeriji Saléh
3125:High Pasture
2682:Shulgan-Tash
2645:
2605:Pedra Furada
2426:
2265:Lichtenstein
2255:Brillenhöhle
2184:Le Regourdou
2144:La Ferrassie
2139:Combe Grenal
2082:Trois Frères
2017:Fontéchevade
1970:La Madeleine
1624:Drachenhöhle
1512:
1508:
1502:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1370:cite journal
1329:
1325:
1319:
1292:
1288:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1217:
1213:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1115:
1111:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1021:. Genome Web
1018:
1008:
1000:
994:
986:
982:
961:. Retrieved
957:
934:
929:
894:
889:
885:
869:Vindija Cave
865:
858:
850:
837:
827:and ancient
783:
770:Tianyuan man
755:
752:
748:
744:petrous bone
737:
726:
720:
719:
707:
653:Infraorder:
554:
472:found in an
463:
339:, including
334:
330:
306:
290:paleosurface
279:
261:
242:
230:
196:
195:
49:Oase 2 skull
5537:New Zealand
5361:Gwion Gwion
5230:Trail Creek
5155:Meadowcroft
5115:Last Supper
5045:Daugherty's
4907:Las Flechas
4692:Rei do Mato
4416:Other caves
4400:Rising Star
4375:Makapansgat
4340:Bolt's Farm
4157:Njoro River
4000:Teshik-Tash
3995:Obi-Rakhmat
3979:Yarımburgaz
3879:Lapuz Lapuz
3857:Philippines
3766:Nachcharini
3761:Ras El Kelb
3720:Tam Pa Ling
3715:Tham An Mah
3597:Nahal Hemar
3345:Zhoukoudian
3320:Guanyindong
3294:Laang Spean
3216:Darra-e Kur
3209:Afghanistan
3155:Portbraddon
3145:Marble Arch
3058:Wildkirchli
3046:Switzerland
2982:Other caves
2955:Ojo Guareña
2935:Maltravieso
2930:Los Casares
2905:Siega Verde
2870:Los Aviones
2865:Santimamiñe
2839:Las Monedas
2832:El Castillo
2739:Čertova pec
2687:Mezmaiskaya
2595:Lagar Velho
2527:Cocev Kamen
2406:Balzi Rossi
2246:Other caves
2235:Sirgenstein
2164:Le Moustier
2154:Fontbrégoua
2114:Bonne-Femme
2094:Other caves
1813:Aetokremnos
1756:Utroba Cave
1662:Claminforge
1659:Belle-Roche
1515:: 207–230.
817:radiocarbon
673:Subfamily:
657:Simiiformes
341:Neanderthal
307:The latest
278:cave bear (
252:Neanderthal
189:Paleolithic
167: /
143:Coordinates
5664:Categories
5649:Speleology
5466:Wellington
5421:Naracoorte
5406:Mudgegonga
5391:Madjedbebe
5356:Gabarnmung
5296:Ballawinne
5286:Abrakurrie
5185:Pictograph
4963:Qillqatani
4958:Pikimachay
4953:Guitarrero
4948:Chivateros
4927:Oxtotitlán
4780:Tequendama
4490:Wonderwerk
4470:Nelson Bay
4450:Elands Bay
4410:Swartkrans
4355:Gladysvale
4302:Somaliland
4249:Mozambique
4189:Haua Fteah
3988:Uzbekistan
3653:Minatogawa
3648:Kosegasawa
3602:Nahal Oren
3546:Hazar Merd
3515:Qaleh Bozi
3500:Do-Ashkaft
3397:Satsurblia
3364:East Timor
3241:Azerbaijan
3130:Kendrick's
3095:Bontnewydd
3017:Don Gaspar
2970:Praileaitz
2925:Las Caldas
2843:La Pasiega
2770:Divje Babe
2692:Okladnikov
2677:Ignatievka
2600:Pala Pinta
2509:Għar Dalam
2486:Luxembourg
2461:St Brelade
2443:Villabruna
2354:Stravomyti
2344:Megalakkos
2329:Eileithyia
2314:Alepotrypa
2225:Hohle Fels
2111:Balauzière
2067:Pech Merle
1975:Rouffignac
1949:La Micoque
1931:Cro-Magnon
1890:Bara Bahau
1834:Býčí skála
1782:Vela Spila
1741:Devetashka
1736:Bacho Kiro
1295:(Thesis).
963:2012-04-19
922:References
786:Speleology
728:H. sapiens
693:Subtribe:
647:Haplorhini
643:Suborder:
481:East Asian
419:Bacho Kiro
401:Ust'-Ishim
343:features.
317:Iron Gates
5700:Cave bear
5615:Nanumanga
5599:Falemauga
5510:Makauwahi
5279:Australia
5235:Trinchera
5110:La Grange
5080:Gatecliff
5075:Franktown
5070:Fort Rock
5050:Dry Creek
4968:Toquepala
4932:Sac Actun
4922:Ox Bel Ha
4912:Frightful
4897:Coxcatlan
4876:Long Mile
4630:Quadiriki
4607:Argentina
4445:Diepkloof
4430:Boomplaas
4385:Minnaar's
4370:Kromdraai
4319:Laas Geel
4314:Dhaymoole
4309:Dhambalin
4272:Apollo 11
4173:Liphofung
4099:Shum Laka
4062:Gueldaman
4016:Con Moong
3893:Sri Lanka
3840:Palestine
3814:Padah-Lin
3751:Ksar Akil
3683:Yamashita
3668:Pinza-Abu
3474:Pettakere
3469:Liang Bua
3452:Indonesia
3438:Pahargarh
3423:Bhimbetka
3381:Lene Hara
3371:Jerimalai
3350:Zengpiyan
3340:Yuchanyan
3140:Long Hole
3037:del Valle
3012:dels Bous
2965:la Pileta
2900:Atapuerca
2815:Covalanas
2713:Pešturina
2641:Muierilor
2631:Coliboaia
2543:Svarthola
2359:Theopetra
2349:Petralona
2334:Franchthi
2324:Asphendou
2280:Gibraltar
2250:Baumann's
2240:Vogelherd
2215:Bockstein
2194:Vallonnet
2189:Rochereil
2179:Raymonden
2169:Noisetier
2121:Bruniquel
2042:Marsoulas
2032:Lombrives
2027:La Marche
1953:La Mouthe
1919:Abri Audi
1897:Cap Blanc
1839:Koněprusy
1829:Amatérská
1797:Veternica
1746:Kozarnika
1720:Ledenjača
1644:Tischofer
1634:Lurgrotte
1419:0028-0836
1346:0028-0836
1074:0028-0836
715:Species:
677:Homininae
667:Hominidae
603:Kingdom:
597:Eukaryota
392:Zlatý kůň
216:, in the
5456:Warratyi
5441:Tarragal
5431:Nunamira
5416:Murujuga
5381:Kutikina
5376:Koonalda
5371:Koongine
5331:Cliefden
5326:Cave Bay
5225:Tomaquag
5210:Sisyphus
5140:Mantle's
5130:Lovelock
5125:LoDaisKa
5105:Humboldt
4989:Werehpai
4982:Suriname
4892:Chan Hol
4811:Centella
4801:Ambrosio
4753:Colombia
4718:Bluefish
4562:Zimbabwe
4499:Tanzania
4485:Stadsaal
4390:Motsetsi
4360:Gondolin
4350:Drimolen
4345:Cooper's
4240:Taforalt
4210:Hercules
4136:Swimmers
4108:DR Congo
4092:Cameroon
4071:Botswana
3941:Tham Lod
3931:Pha Taem
3924:Thailand
3905:Belilena
3823:Pakistan
3791:Mongolia
3775:Malaysia
3736:Antelias
3678:Tobayama
3632:Zuttiyeh
3551:Shanidar
3413:Ambadevi
3330:Tianyuan
3310:Baishiya
3287:Cambodia
3027:El Mirón
3022:Guanches
2997:Armintxe
2915:Bacinete
2860:Altxerri
2849:El Pendo
2819:La Garma
2801:Altamira
2758:Slovenia
2749:Jasovská
2732:Slovakia
2718:Risovača
2672:Denisova
2636:Cuciulat
2590:Furninha
2585:Escoural
2573:Portugal
2564:Paradise
2559:Obłazowa
2493:Loschbur
2433:Paglicci
2416:Corbeddu
2298:Vanguard
2293:Gorham's
2174:La Quina
2117:Bouillon
2104:Aurignac
1908:Reverdit
1893:Bernifal
1772:Grapčeva
1729:Bulgaria
1689:Scladina
1676:Naulette
1639:Salzofen
1494:17085588
1427:16495989
1354:11484052
1314:license.
1252:26098372
1191:14504393
1132:18565967
1092:26098372
905:See also
861:Holocene
740:coverage
697:Hominina
687:Hominini
663:Family:
637:Primates
627:Mammalia
617:Chordata
613:Phylum:
607:Animalia
593:Domain:
524:subclade
428:Tianyuan
374:Kostenki
258:The cave
117:Location
5567:Chugai'
5549:Ruakuri
5484:Gadao's
5461:Warreen
5396:Mammoth
5366:Jenolan
5311:Blanche
5291:Acheron
5268:Oceania
5240:Ventana
5220:Tainter
5195:Russell
5180:Pendejo
5175:Paisley
5135:Mammoth
5055:Durango
5015:Bonfire
4869:Jamaica
4836:Curaçao
4775:Sáchica
4760:El Abra
4744:Milodón
4687:Peruaçu
4677:Maquiné
4569:Bambata
4548:Kalemba
4420:Blombos
4365:Haasgat
4286:Nigeria
4265:Namibia
4203:Morocco
4166:Lesotho
4078:Tsodilo
4055:Algeria
4009:Vietnam
3969:Belbaşı
3955:Dzhebel
3910:Fa Hien
3869:Kalanay
3830:Sanghao
3807:Myanmar
3746:Kaukaba
3729:Lebanon
3617:Raqefet
3587:Misliya
3572:HaYonim
3520:Warwasi
3495:Darband
3490:Bisitun
3459:Harimau
3433:Gudiyam
3428:Edakkal
3390:Georgia
3335:Xianren
3263:Damjili
3258:Buzeyir
3232:Areni-1
3225:Armenia
3150:Oldbury
3115:Gough's
3100:Cathole
3074:Verteba
3067:Ukraine
2624:Romania
2615:Salemas
2580:Aroeira
2411:Cavallo
2396:Addaura
2375:Baradla
2368:Hungary
2319:Apidima
2203:Germany
2159:Lazaret
2087:Villars
2007:Cosquer
1987:Chauvet
1965:Lascaux
1863:Finland
1787:Vindija
1777:Krapina
1765:Croatia
1685:Ramioul
1653:Belgium
1629:Gudenus
1617:Austria
1529:9039428
1485:1859909
1462:Bibcode
1435:4416359
1399:Bibcode
1362:4394515
1243:4537386
1222:Bibcode
1159:Bibcode
1083:4537386
1054:Bibcode
873:Croatia
703:Genus:
683:Tribe:
633:Order:
623:Class:
560:Oase 2
319:in the
288:on the
222:Romania
210:karstic
185:Periods
180:History
155:21°50′E
152:45°01′N
137:Romania
5608:Tuvalu
5544:Moncks
5528:Pindai
5503:Hawaii
5494:Talagi
5489:Mahlac
5351:Fossil
5336:Cloggs
5321:Burrup
5200:Sandia
5145:Marmes
5090:Hidden
5085:Graham
5040:Danger
5025:Burnet
4885:Mexico
4860:Pomier
4821:Patana
4806:Calero
4785:Tibitó
4711:Canada
4672:Gentio
4665:Brazil
4639:Belize
4553:Mumbwa
4541:Zambia
4525:Uganda
4506:Kondoa
4480:Sibudu
4425:Border
4380:Malapa
4256:Ngalue
4131:Beasts
4115:Matupi
4044:Africa
3974:Karain
3962:Turkey
3936:Spirit
3874:Minori
3864:Callao
3848:Shuqba
3692:Jordan
3663:Ōzakai
3658:Muroya
3607:Qafzeh
3577:Kebara
3560:Israel
3530:Yafteh
3525:Wezmeh
3355:Zhiren
3268:Tağlar
3170:Thor's
3105:Coygan
3053:Bichon
3007:Bedmar
2975:Sidrón
2811:Chufín
2744:Domica
2701:Serbia
2655:Russia
2552:Poland
2536:Norway
2470:Kosovo
2453:Jersey
2438:Romito
2380:Szelim
2339:Kleidi
2307:Greece
2012:Cussac
2002:Gargas
1957:Pataud
1879:France
1849:Mladeč
1806:Cyprus
1751:Magura
1715:Badanj
1708:Bosnia
1606:Europe
1527:
1492:
1482:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1391:Nature
1360:
1352:
1344:
1326:Nature
1250:
1240:
1214:Nature
1189:
1182:208740
1179:
1130:
1090:
1080:
1072:
1046:Nature
935:Nature
881:France
758:Asians
551:Oase 2
516:Telugu
383:Sungir
327:Oase 1
248:fossil
245:Oase 1
238:Mladeč
129:Region
5592:Samoa
5446:Ubirr
5436:ORS 7
5205:Shoup
5165:Mummy
5160:Modoc
5150:Martz
5100:Hogup
5010:Baker
4826:Pluma
4732:Chile
4697:Santo
4623:Aruba
4592:North
4532:Nyero
4516:Mumba
4440:Cango
4182:Libya
4145:Kenya
4124:Egypt
4021:Ngườm
3884:Tabon
3741:Jeita
3641:Japan
3627:Tabun
3622:Skhul
3612:Qesem
3582:Manot
3443:Tikla
3418:Belum
3406:India
3376:Laili
3325:Luobi
3315:Fuyan
3303:China
3278:Gazma
3253:Azykh
3248:Allar
3135:Kents
3002:Axlor
2992:Antón
2987:Ángel
2945:Nerja
2883:Araña
2789:Spain
2780:Potok
2775:Pekel
2765:Betal
2502:Malta
2427:Felci
2389:Italy
2270:Ofnet
2130:Cauna
2126:Calès
2099:Arago
2077:Renne
2057:Niaux
1854:Šipka
1844:Kůlna
1671:Goyet
1666:Engis
1525:S2CID
1431:S2CID
1358:S2CID
1285:(PDF)
1128:S2CID
1025:9 May
898:mtDNA
772:from
520:Malay
365:Goyet
272:Anina
270:near
214:Anina
122:Anina
120:near
5635:Cave
5583:Kilu
5476:Guam
5316:Bone
5120:Levi
5060:Dust
4941:Peru
4844:Hato
4816:Cura
4794:Cuba
4739:Fell
4594:and
4511:Bahi
3782:Niah
3708:Laos
3567:Amud
3539:Iraq
3483:Iran
3198:Asia
3165:Sand
2950:Niño
2646:Oase
2421:Deer
2149:Fées
1870:Wolf
1490:PMID
1454:PNAS
1423:PMID
1415:ISSN
1376:link
1350:PMID
1342:ISSN
1248:PMID
1187:PMID
1151:PNAS
1088:PMID
1070:ISSN
1027:2015
853:aDNA
796:and
760:and
708:Homo
518:and
504:K2a*
410:Oase
124:city
4293:Rop
3273:Zar
2108:Azé
1694:Spy
1517:doi
1480:PMC
1470:doi
1458:103
1407:doi
1395:439
1334:doi
1330:412
1297:doi
1238:PMC
1230:doi
1218:524
1177:PMC
1167:doi
1155:100
1120:doi
1078:PMC
1062:doi
1050:524
829:DNA
814:AMS
792:, (
5666::
1523:.
1513:34
1511:.
1488:.
1478:.
1468:.
1456:.
1452:.
1429:.
1421:.
1413:.
1405:.
1393:.
1372:}}
1368:{{
1356:.
1348:.
1340:.
1328:.
1291:.
1287:.
1246:.
1236:.
1228:.
1216:.
1212:.
1199:^
1185:.
1175:.
1165:.
1153:.
1149:.
1126:.
1116:15
1114:.
1100:^
1086:.
1076:.
1068:.
1060:.
1048:.
1044:.
1017:.
987:45
985:,
972:^
956:.
942:^
788:,
746:.
725:×
534:.)
499:.
313:BP
2879:)
1561:e
1554:t
1547:v
1531:.
1519::
1496:.
1472::
1464::
1437:.
1409::
1401::
1378:)
1364:.
1336::
1303:.
1299::
1254:.
1232::
1224::
1193:.
1169::
1161::
1134:.
1122::
1094:.
1064::
1056::
1029:.
966:.
879:(
871:(
823:(
812:(
542:N
532:K
528:F
199:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
