90:, on the other hand, uses the term to refer to actions to keep a cease-fire from being violated or to reinstate a failed cease-fire. It is a subtle difference, but it does imply the existence of some will for peace. The American version more realistically portrays another, far more difficult matter. By definition, in a situation for which peace-enforcement is a potentially appropriate response, war and not peace describes the situation, and one or more of the combatants prefer it that way. This means that, unlike peacekeepers, peace enforcers are often not welcomed by one or either side(s). Rather, they are active fighters who must impose a cease-fire that is opposed by one or both combatants; in the process, the neutrality that distinguishes peacekeepers will most likely be lost.
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by heavily armed forces. However, it is generally unable to create lasting peace, as it does nothing to deal with the underlying problems which caused the conflict. While peacekeeping missions utilize personnel from several countries, peace enforcement forces often originate from one state or a small coalition of states.
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Peacekeeping, a role the U.N. has played over the years, is relatively straightforward and, despite its difficulties, comparatively easy. Peacekeeping involves monitoring and enforcing a cease-fire agreed to by two or more former combatants. It proceeds in an atmosphere where peace exists and where
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Peace enforcement differs from peacekeeping in that peace enforcement activities are generally used to create a peace from a broken ceasefire, or to enforce a peace demanded by the United
Nations. Peace enforcement requires more military force than peacekeeping, and is consequently best carried out
303:, Aldershot, Ashgate 2002. This original work by Dr Osman of London School of Economics (LSE) is a ground-breaking research in the field. It has been reissued by Routledge in 2017-18-19-20-21.
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A report on peacekeeping and peace enforcement in the 1990s for the United States Army specified this difference between peace enforcement and peacekeeping:
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is the use of military force to compel peace in a conflict, generally against the will of combatants. This usually requires more military force than
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Lundgren, Magnus (2016). "Conflict management capabilities of peace-brokering international organizations, 1945–2010: A new dataset".
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the former combatants minimally prefer peace to continued war. Peace-enforcement, as it is used by the
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280:"Peacekeeping, Peacemaking and Peace-Enforcement: The U.S. Role in the New International Order"
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Nations and Peace Enforcement, wars, Terrorism and Democracy
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147:"Peacekeeping / Peace Enforcement | Encyclopedia Princetoniensis"
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477:Environmental peacebuilding
256:Howard, Lise Morjé (2015).
184:. Washington DC: CQ Press.
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585:Vienna + Moscow Mechanisms
426:Religion and peacebuilding
381:Peace and conflict studies
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487:Territorial peace theory
482:Infrastructure for Peace
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51:per Chapter VII of its
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95:See also
68:Gulf War
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