106:. Peak experience is differentiated from flow due to a number of factors including subjective level of experience intensity: while peak experience denotes a high level of stimulation or euphoria, flow is not associated with an increased level of stimulation. For further differentiation, see "Peak Experiences in Self-Actualization" below.
192:
Self-actualized people often experience flow, as well as peak experiences. Although flow and peak experiences are often thought of as the same thing, they are different occurrences. While flow is a subjective conscious process that happens internally, peak experiences are describing an event that has
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in 1964, who described peak experiences as "rare, exciting, oceanic, deeply moving, exhilarating, elevating experiences that generate an advanced form of perceiving reality, and are even mystic and magical in their effect upon the experimenter." There are several unique characteristics of a peak
98:
In original peak experience research, Maslow utilized interviews and questionnaires to gather participants' testimonies of peak experience. These early studies suggested common triggers for peak experience included art, nature, sex, creative work, music, scientific knowledge, and introspection.
118:
in a peak experience include "wonder, awe, reverence, humility, surrender, and even worship before the greatness of the experience", and reality is perceived with truth, goodness, beauty, wholeness, aliveness, uniqueness, perfection, completion, justice, simplicity, richness, effortlessness,
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and whose origins have, by implication, been thought of as supernatural. Maslow (1970) believed the origin, core and essence of every known "high religion" was "the private, lonely, personal illumination, revelation, or ecstasy of some acutely sensitive prophet or seer" (p. 19).
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experience, but each element is perceived together in a holistic manner that creates the moment of reaching one's full potential. Peak experiences can range from simple activities to intense events; however, it is not necessarily about what the activity is, but the
212:"Think of the most wonderful experience of your life: the happiest moments, ecstatic moments, moments of rapture, perhaps from being in love, or from listening to music or suddenly 'being hit' by a book or painting, or from some creative moment."
274:. The aftereffects of the peak experience leave the individual to see himself and the world in a new way. He views himself more positively, he views life as worthwhile and meaningful, and most importantly, he seeks to repeat the experience.
180:
Self-actualization is a concept developed by
Abraham Maslow that is characterized by one becoming all they want to be, and can be, by maximizing their potential. A common phenomenon that many self-actualized people experience is called
290:
This is serene and calm rather than a poignantly emotional, climactic, autonomic response to the miraculous, the awesome, the sacralized, the
Unitive, the B-values. So far as I can now tell, the high plateau-experience
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occurred to someone who was functioning at optimal levels. Peak experiences are the actual outcome of an external occurrence, while flow is an internal mental process that may or may not precede a peak experience.
303:. It is far more voluntary than peak experiences are. One can learn to see in this Unitive way almost at will. It then becomes a witnessing, an appreciating, what one might call a serene, cognitive blissfulness.
189:. Flow has been described as a state of mind when one is using their full potential, completely immersed in their current activity, and are therefore not conscious of time, or anything else for that matter.
95:, were widely celebrated due to the theories' focus on the psychology of healthy people, which stood out in a time where the bulk of psychology research focused on psychological disorders.
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Boniface, M.R. (2007). Towards an understanding of flow and other positive experience phenomena within outdoor and adventurous activities.
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a physical feeling of warmth, along with a sensation of pleasant vibrations emanating from the heart area outward into the limbs.
536:
Charlton, Bruce (1998). "Peak experiences, creativity and the
Colonel Flastratus phenomenon."Abraxas vol. 14"". pp. 10–19.
80:. To some extent the term represents Maslow's attempt to denominate those experiences which have generally been identified as
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782:
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Privette, G. (1983). Peak experience, peak performance and flow: A comparative analysis of positive human experiences.
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203:"Most of the peak experiences had occurred during athletic, artistic, religious, or nature experiences, or during
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Childhood experiences – experiences with close friends and loved ones in the developmental phases of early life
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the feeling of using all capacities and capabilities at their highest potential, or being "fully functioning"
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and cognitive element, which is not always true for peak experiences, which can be purely and exclusively
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considered the peak experience to be one of the most important goals of life, as it is an indication of
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complete mindfulness of the present moment without influence of past or expected future experiences
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Maslow, Abraham H. (1970). "Religious aspects of peak-experiences". In Sadler, W. A. (ed.).
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the feeling of being one whole and harmonious self, free of dissociation or inner conflict
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Celestine, Nicole (2017). "Abraham Maslow, His Theory & Contribution to
Psychology".
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Yair, G (2008). "Key educational experiences and self-discovery in higher education".
162:, expressiveness, and naturally flowing behavior that is not constrained by conformity
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The plateau experience: an exploration of its origins, characteristics, and potential
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The plateau experience: an exploration of its origins, characteristics, and potential
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311:"largely fizzled into obscurity." However research into the related phenomenon of
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Whaley, John; Sloboda, John; Gabrielsson, Alf (2008). "Peak experiences in music".
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Scientific discoveries; seeing or discovering some phenomenon for the first time
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An individual in a peak experience will perceive the following simultaneously:
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Historically, peak experience is associated with the psychological phenomenon
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Personality
Psychology: Domains of knowledge about human nature third edition
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After Maslow's death, investigation into the nature of plateau experience
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Polyson, J. (1985). "Student's peak experiences: A written exercise".
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Polyson, J. (1985). "Student's peak experiences: A written exercise".
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Musical talents – while playing an instrument alone, or with a group
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a free mind that is flexible and open to creative thoughts and ideas
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feeling completely responsible for perceptions and behavior. Use of
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as "moments of highest happiness and fulfillment" in his 1964 work
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Maslow's assertions about peak experience, along with his famous
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Maslow, A.H. (1964). Religions, values, and peak experiences.
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to becoming stronger, more single-minded, and fully volitional
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functioning effortlessly and easily without strain or struggle
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The
Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science
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Maslow also recognized a related but distinct phenomenon of
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Craighead, W. Edward; Nemeroff, Charles B. (eds.) (2002).
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Specific examples of when peak experiences often occur:
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Journal of
Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1,
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individuals. The concept was originally developed by
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makes the peak experience an essential component of
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266:. This moment of feeling wholly and completely the
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628:Reason and Meaning (web; accessed 5 October 2018).
502:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45,
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663:The plateau experience: A. H. Maslow and others
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67:Peak experiences were originally described by
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361:. United States: John Wiley & Sons.
667:The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
656:The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
626:Summary of Maslow on self-transcendence
591:The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
574:The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
474:. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
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77:Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences
700:. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
604:Religion, values, and peak experiences
412:. New York, NY: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
59:that is being experienced during it.
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114:According to Maslow, often-reported
709:The farther reaches of human nature
521:Larsen, R. J.; Buss, D. M. (2008).
119:playfulness, and self-sufficiency.
126:loss of judgment to time and space
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732:. Vol. 12. pp. 211–213.
430:. Vol. 12. pp. 211–213.
647:, Volume 3. Wiley. (1156−1158).
739:Teaching and Teacher Education
677:. New York: Harper & Row.
390:London: Penguin Books Limited.
36:altered state of consciousness
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696:Toward a psychology of Being
525:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
470:Toward a psychology of being
408:Toward a Psychology of Being
353:Corsini, Raymond J. (1998).
705:Maslow, Abraham H. (1971).
692:Maslow, Abraham H. (1968).
568:Krippner, Stanley (1972).
315:is potentially increasing.
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751:10.1016/j.tate.2007.04.002
713:. New York: Viking Press.
661:Krippner, Stanley (1972).
624:Messerly, John G. (2017).
606:. Viking, 1970; (Preface).
357:Encyclopedia of Psychology
145:being without inhibition,
675:Personality and Religion
404:Maslow, Abraham (1968).
187:Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
730:Teaching of Psychology
650:Gruel, Nicole (2015).
585:Gruel, Nicole (2015).
466:Maslow, A. H. (1962).
428:Teaching of Psychology
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27:Concept in psychology
42:, often achieved by
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602:Maslow, Abraham H.
615:Gruel(2015), p. 44
313:self-transcendence
284:plateau experience
278:Plateau experience
264:self-actualization
176:Self-actualization
140:self-determination
93:hierarchy of needs
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762:Categories
745:: 92–103.
504:1361-1368.
341:References
330:Meditation
325:Born again
239:sky diving
778:Happiness
773:Mysticism
301:emotional
268:true self
83:religious
319:See also
272:identity
205:intimate
197:Examples
116:emotions
53:ecstatic
40:euphoria
63:History
57:feeling
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488:55-68.
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309:per se
297:noetic
295:has a
293:always
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363:ISBN
183:flow
147:fear
104:flow
747:doi
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