Pedestrian crossing - Knowledge (XXG)

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repeating at once per second, to allow people who are blind to find the device. If APS units are installed in more than one crossing direction (e.g. if there are APS units at a curb for both the north–south and west–east crossing directions), different sounds or speech messages may be used for each direction. Under the MUTCD guideline, the walk indication may be a speech message if two or more units on the same curb are separated by less than 10 feet (3.0 m). These speech messages usually follow the pattern ". Walk sign is on to cross ." Otherwise, the walk indication may be a "percussive tone", which usually consists of repeated, rapid sounds that can be clearly heard from the opposite curb and can oscillate between high and low volumes. In both cases, when the "don't walk" indication is flashing, the device will beep at every second until the "don't walk" indication becomes steady and the pedestrian countdown indication reaches "0", at which point the device will beep intermittently at lower volume. When activated, the APS units are mandated to be accompanied by a vibrating arrow on the APS during the walk signal.

1440:, showing how many seconds are remaining for the clearing phase. In the United States, San Francisco was the first major city to install countdown signals to replace older pedestrian modules, doing so on a trial basis starting in March 2001. The United States MUTCD added a countdown signal as an optional feature to its 2003 edition; if included, the countdown digits would be Portland Orange, the same color as the "Upraised Hand" indication. The MUTCD's 2009 edition changed countdown timers to a mandatory feature on pedestrian signals at all signalized intersections with pedestrian clearance intervals ("flashing upraised hand" phases) longer than seven seconds. With the MUTCD guideline allotting at least one second to cross 3 feet (0.91 m), this indicates that countdown timers are supposed to be installed on roads wider than 21 feet (6.4 m). The countdown is not supposed to be displayed during the pedestrian "walk" interval ("steady walking person" phase). 2040:, an extended phase system called "Keywalk" was developed by the Main Roads Department of Western Australia in response to concerns from disability advocates about the widening of the Albany Highway in that city in the mid-1990s. The department felt that extending the walk phase permanently on cross streets would cause too much disruption to traffic flow on the highway and so the Keywalk system was developed to allow for those who needed an extended green light phase to cross the road safely. A small electronic key adjusted the green/walk and flashing red/complete crossing phases to allow more time for the key holder to complete the crossing of the highway safely. The system was first installed at the junction of Albany Highway and Cecil Avenue. It is unclear what became of this system. 260:, in December 1868. It was the idea of John Peake Knight, a railway engineer, who thought that it would provide a means to safely allow pedestrians to cross this busy thoroughfare. The signal consisted of a semaphore arm (manufactured by Saxby and Farmer, who were railway signaling makers), which was raised and lowered manually by a police constable who would rotate a handle on the side of the pole. The semaphore arms were augmented by gas illuminated lights at the top (green and red) to increase visibility of the signal at night. However, in January 1869, the gas used to illuminate the lights at the top leaked and caused an explosion, injuring the police operator. No further work was done on signalled pedestrian crossings until fifty years later. 350: 2133: 1122: 434: 273:"Could you do something to help the pedestrian to recover the old margin of safety on our common streets and roads? It is heartrending to read of the fearful deaths taking place. If a pedestrian now has even one hesitation or failure the chance of escape from a dreadful death is now much less than when all vehicles were much slower. There is, too, in the motor traffic an evident desire not to slow down before the last moment. It is surely a scandal that on the common ways there should be undue apprehension in the minds of the weakest users of them. While the streets and roads are for all, of necessity the pedestrians, and the feeblest of these, should receive the supreme consideration." 412: 54: 1110: 34: 1819: 1873: 372: 1837: 1891: 1855: 63: 1994: 43: 1940: 2192:

vehicles per day, a marked crosswalk is likely to have worse safety performance than an otherwise similar unmarked location, unless safety features such as raised median refuges or pedestrian beacons are also installed. On multilane roads carrying over 15,000 vehicles per day, a marked crosswalk is likely to have worse safety performance than an unmarked location, even if raised median refuges are provided. The marking pattern had no significant effect on safety. This study only included locations where vehicle traffic was not controlled by a signal or stop sign.

1038: 1976: 502: 131:, but may also be at other points on busy roads that would otherwise be too unsafe to cross without assistance due to vehicle numbers, speed or road widths. They are also commonly installed where large numbers of pedestrians are attempting to cross (such as in shopping areas) or where vulnerable road users (such as school children) regularly cross. Rules govern usage of the pedestrian crossings to ensure safety; for example, in some areas, the pedestrian must be more than halfway across the crosswalk before the driver proceeds, and in other areas, 1958: 332: 953: 1908: 1282: 1377: 1030: 945: 2049: 1558: 489:, protected by kerbs. The island allows pedestrians to cross the road one direction of traffic at a time, which can be quicker and safer (they decrease pedestrian accidents by around 40%) than a lack of crossing. Additionally, they can narrow the road, slowing down vehicles and preventing them from overtaking. However, they may not afford pedestrians priority, meaning pedestrians may have a longer wait than a controlled crossing. They can also create pinch points, which can be dangerous for cyclists. 937: 655: 458: 726: 821: 1075:

standing or parking of vehicles around pedestrian crossings. It also specifies signs and markings: the "pedestrian crossing sign" is on a blue or black ground, with a white or yellow triangle where the symbol is displayed in black or dark blue, and that the minimum width recommended for pedestrian crossings is 2.5 m (or 8-foot) on roads on which the speed limit is lower than 60 km/h (or 37 mph), and 4 m (or 13-foot) on roads with a higher or no speed limit.

179: 1803: 1702: 616: 1426: 1924: 2012: 1323: 470: 1757: 1487: 394: 1590: 1185: 1654: 520:, referring to the alternate white and black stripes painted on the road surface. If the pedestrian has priority over vehicular traffic when using the crossing, then they have an incentive to use the crossing instead of crossing the road at other places. In some countries, pedestrians may not have priority, but may be committing an offence if they cross the road elsewhere, or " 572: 1685: 302:(MUTCD) advises that crosswalk markings should 'not be used indiscriminately' and encourages engineering studies at sites away from signalized intersections and STOP or Yield signs. Its guidance is against installing crossing markings (without extra engineering interventions) on high-traffic routes if the speed limit exceeds 40 miles per hour (64 km/h). 1451:" signals. New York City started studying the pedestrian timers in an inconclusive 2006 study but only started rolling out pedestrian timers on a large scale in 2011 after the conclusion of a second study, which found that pedestrian countdown timers were ineffective at shorter crosswalks. Additionally, a 2000 study of pedestrian countdown timers in 192: 1718:

intrusive to neighboring properties. Among American cities, San Francisco has one of the greatest numbers of APS-equipped intersections in the United States, with APS installed at 202 intersections as of October 2016. New York City has APS at 131 intersections as of November 2015, with 75 more intersections to be equipped every year after that.

1417:, a button press is always required if a button is available, though the city prefers to build signals where no button is present and the pedestrian cycle always happens between short car cycles. In both cases the light will not turn immediately, but will wait until the next available pedestrian slot in a pre-determined rotation. 1067:, which says of pedestrian crossings: 'to mark pedestrian crossings, relatively broad stripes, parallel to the axis of the carriageway, should preferably be used'. This means that pedestrian crossing styles are quite uniform across the Continent. However, while the stripes are normally white, in Switzerland they are yellow. 535:

made to change direction. There are differences between the engineering regulations in different countries. The marking shoe of a pedestrian cross striping machine, which determines marking lines' width, is much wider than on other marking machines. A smaller marking shoe with wheels may be used to perform the

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When a footpath crosses a railway in the United Kingdom, there will most often be gates or stiles protecting the crossing from wildlife and livestock. In situations where there is little visibility along the railway, or the footpath is especially busy, there will also be a small set of lights with an

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Tactile cones near or under the control button may rotate or shake when the pedestrian signal is in the pedestrian "walk" phase. This is for pedestrians with visual impairments. A vibrating button is used in Australia, Germany, some parts of the United States, Greece, Ireland, and Hong Kong to assist

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researcher notes of call buttons in the US, "Most buttons don't provide any feedback to the pedestrian that the traffic signal has received the input. It may appear at many locations that nothing happens." However, there are some locations where call buttons do provide confirmation feedback. At such

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PV warrants have been used in the UK, among other countries such as India, since they were developed in 1987. This warrant uses a calculation of peak pedestrian volume and peak vehicular volume to determine which type of crossing, if any, should be installed. For example, if 500 pedestrians cross the

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Modules for traffic lanes consist of a dash in the middle and a symbol for the kind of lane right or left of the dash, depending on the direction from which the traffic crosses the crossing. If a crossing is possible from both directions, a symbol is located on both sides. If the pedestrian crossing

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In the United States, the standards in the 2009 MUTCD require APS units to have a pushbutton locator tone, audible and vibrotactile walk indications, a tactile arrow aligned with the direction of travel on the crosswalk, and to respond to ambient sound. The pushbutton locator tone is a beep or tick,

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Crosswalks have adaptations, mainly for people with visual impairments, through the addition of accessible pedestrian signals (APS) that may include speakers at the pushbutton, or under the signal display, for each crossing location. These types of signals have been shown to reduce conflicts between

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are special equipment professionally used to paint zebra lines on the intersections or other busy road sections. Because of the characteristics of zebra crossings, parallel stripes that are wide but not long, the striping machine is often a small hand-guided road marking machine, which can easily be

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Pedestrian crossing warrants are guidelines for the appropriate pedestrian crossing type for a site's traffic conditions. There are several guidelines in use across the world, and guidance and practice differ between jurisdictions. An over-emphasis by traffic engineers on vehicular movement in these

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and stating that "a crosswalk at an intersection is defined as the extension of the sidewalk or the shoulder across the intersection, regardless of whether it is marked or not."); see also California Vehicle Code section 275(a) ("'Crosswalk' is . . . hat portion of a roadway included within the of

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A five-year U.S. study of 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 unmarked comparison sites found that on most roads, the difference in safety performance of marked and unmarked crossings is not statistically significant, unless additional safety features are used. On multilane roads carrying over 12,000

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while the crossing signal continues its operation as programmed. However, in instances of the latter case, such as New York City's, the buttons were simply deactivated when traffic signals were updated to automatically include pedestrian phases as part of every signal cycle. In such instances these

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Pedestrian call buttons (also known as pedestrian push buttons or pedestrian beg buttons) are installed at traffic lights with a dedicated pedestrian signal, and are used to bring up the pedestrian "walk" indication in locations where they function correctly. In the majority of locations where call

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Marked crosswalks are usually placed at traffic intersections or crossroads, but are occasionally used at mid-block locations, which may include additional regulatory signage such as "PED XING" (for "pedestrian crossing"), flashing yellow beacons (also known as rectangular rapid-flashing beacons or

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The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America currently provides engineering design standards for highway lighting. In the US, in conventional intersections, area lighting is typically provided by pole-mounted luminaires. These systems illuminate the crosswalk as well as surrounding areas,

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Crossing laws vary between different states and provinces and sometimes at the local level. All U.S. states require vehicles to yield to a pedestrian who has entered a marked crosswalk, and in most states crosswalks exist at all intersections meeting at approximately right angles, whether they are

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The temporary pedestrian crossings can be integrated into portable traffic signals that may be used during the roadworks, or it can be stand-alone just to stop vehicles to allow pedestrians to safely cross the road without directing vehicle movements. When using the temporary pedestrian crossings

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However, pedestrian bridges are ineffective in most locations; due to their expense, they are typically spaced far apart. Additionally, ramps, stairs, or elevators present additional obstacles, and pedestrians tend to use an at-grade pedestrian crossing instead. A variation on the bridge concept,

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pedestrians can locate the control box and cone device and know when they have reached the other side. In Britain, different colours of tactile paving indicate different types of crossings; yellow (referred to as buff coloured) is used at non-controlled (no signals) crossings, and red is used at

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states that pedestrians should use pedestrian crossings when one is nearby (§6.c) and prohibits the overtaking of other vehicles approaching crossings, unless the driver would be able to stop for a pedestrian. The 1971 European supplement to that Convention re-iterates the former and outlaws the

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posts containing linear light sources inside. These posts have been shown to sufficiently illuminate the pedestrian but not the background, consequently increasing contrast and improving pedestrian visibility and detection. Although this method shows promise in being incorporated into crosswalk

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The relief is read from the bottom up. It consists of different modules, which are put together according to the crosswalk. Each pedestrian crossing begins with the start symbol, consisting of an arrow and a broad line representing the curb. Subsequently, different modules for traffic lanes and

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Pictograms are standard on all traffic light controlled crossings. Like some other countries, a flashing red sequence is used prior to steady red to clear pedestrians. Moments after, in some instances, a flashing yellow sequence (for motorists) can begin indicating that the vehicles may proceed

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The devices have been in existence since the mid-20th century, but were not popular until the 2000s because of concerns over noise. As of the 2009 MUTCD, APS are supposed to be set to be heard only 6 to 12 feet from the device to be easy to detect from a close distance but not so loud as to be

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Courtesy crossings are uncontrolled crossings with coloured surfacing or some other non-formal suggestion that pedestrians may cross. They aim to encourage concentrated pedestrian crossings and to encourage drivers to let pedestrians cross the roads out of courtesy, rather than obligation. The

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Islands are represented as a rectangle, which has semicircles on the right and left side. If there is a pushbutton for pedestrians on the island, there is a dot in the middle of the rectangle. If the pedestrian walkway divides on an island, the rectangle may be open on the right or left side.

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Some crossing include a tactile map of the crossing geometry. For example, this crossing from Oslo shows (starting at the bottom) that the crossing consists of a curb, a bicycle lane, two lanes of traffic, a pedestrian island, two tram tracks, another island, then three more traffic lanes.

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In some areas, the signal timing technique of a Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI) allows pedestrians exclusive access to a crosswalk, typically 3–7 seconds, before vehicular traffic is permitted. Depending on intersection volume and safety history, a normal right-turn-on-red (RTOR) might be

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spanning the crossing. The crossings are demarcated with paint and/or have special paving materials. These crossings allow the pedestrian to cross at grade with the sidewalk and has been shown to reduce pedestrian crashes by 45% due to reduction of vehicular speeds and the prominence of the

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Depending on the duration and the nature of the temporary signals, the equipment can be installed in different way. One way is to use the permanent traffic signals mounted temporary poles such as poles in concrete-filled barrels. Another way is to use portable pedestrian crossing signals.

763:, several artists were commissioned to create an artwork as part of its "Creative Crossings" competition. Artist Marlee Bedford painted the first set of four crosswalks as part of the 2015 competition, and Linda Powers painted two more crosswalks in 2016 following that year's competition. 1666:, touch-sensitive buttons require no force to activate. To confirm that a request has been registered, the buttons usually emit a chirp or other sound. They also offer anti-vandalism benefits due to not including moving parts which are sometimes jammed on traditional push-button units. 1167:– which have crossing sensors and low-level pedestrian signals – and pedex crossings, which features pedestrian countdown timers, however in Ireland only pelican crossings are installed. Puffin crossings are rare. Cyclists are sometimes permitted to use pedestrian crossings, such as 1406:

buttons may be removed during future updates to the pedestrian signals. In the United Kingdom, pressing a button at a standalone pedestrian crossing that is unconnected to a junction will turn a traffic light red immediately, but this is not necessarily the case at a junction.

974:, and often vary even between a city and its county (or local equivalents). Most frequently, they are marked with two parallel white lines running from one side of the road to the other, with the width of the lines being typically 12 to 24 inches (300 to 610 mm) wide. 524:". Special markings are often made on the road surface, both to direct pedestrians and to prevent motorists from stopping vehicles in the way of foot traffic. There are many varieties of signal and marking layouts around the world and even within single countries. In the 4764: 249:. Blocks raised on the road allowed pedestrians to cross the street without having to step onto the road itself which doubled up as Pompeii's drainage and sewage disposal system. The spaces between the blocks allowed horse-drawn carts to pass along the road. 677:

must be crossed. They can also be beneficial in locations where the sidewalk or pedestrian path naturally ascends or descends to a different level than the intersection itself, and the natural "desire line" leads to a footbridge or tunnel, respectively.

1413:, Massachusetts. In Boston, some busy intersections are programmed to give a pedestrian cycle during certain times of day (so pushing the button is not necessary) but at off-peak times a button push is required to get a pedestrian cycle. In neighboring 138:

Pedestrian crossings using signals clearly separate when each type of traffic (pedestrians or road vehicles) can use the crossing. Crossings without signals generally assist pedestrians, and usually prioritise pedestrians, depending on the locality.

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Hasson, P., P. Lutkevich, B. Ananthanarayanan, P. Watson, and R. Knoblauch. Field Test for Lighting to Improve Safety at Pedestrian Crosswalks. Presented at the 16th Biennial Transportation Research Board Visibility Symposium, Iowa City, Ia.,

1459:, found that pedestrians were more likely to cross the street during the pedestrian clearance interval (flashing upraised hand) if there is a timer present, compared to at intersections where there was no timer present. A study in 1020:

In Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany and other European countries, 90% of pedestrian fatalities occur outside of pedestrian crossings. The highest rate is in the UK, which has fewer crossings than neighbouring European countries.

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Colourful crossings have been criticised for creating accessibility issues. For blind and visually impaired pedestrians, consistency in design is important to ensure a safe crossing. Visually impaired people with limited sight and

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through the crossing if safe to do so; this is fairly uncommon however. In districts with heavier traffic warranting the use of a traffic light such as inner city areas, the equivalent of the US 'standard' configuration is used.

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in powder form is then melted into a molten liquid state for painting. Finally, the painter pulls or pushes the striping machine with the guide rod along the guiding line. As an alternative to thermoplastics, household paint or

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Some crosswalks, known as colourful crossings, include unique designs, many of which take the form of artwork. These works of art may serve many different purposes, such as attracting tourism or catching drivers' attention.

717:(also known as a bulb-out), which narrows the width of the street and is used in combination with crosswalk markings. They can also be used to slow down cars, potentially creating a safer crossing for pedestrians. 701:

or small islands in the middle of a street may be added when a street is very wide, as these crossings can be too long for some individuals to cross in one cycle. These pedestrian refuges may consist of building

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explicitly prohibited during the LPI phase. LPI benefits include increased visibility and greater likelihood of vehicles yielding. LPI is among the tools being considered in the fatality-elimination toolkit of

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signals for roadworks, there should be consideration on signal cycle time. The pedestrian crossing cycles may add longer delay to the traffics which may require additional planning on road work traffic flows.

1536:, were created to encourage pedestrians to wait for the "walk" indicator, with the result that 81% more pedestrians stopped and waited for the "walk" light compared to at crosswalks with conventional signals. 2056:

There are two types of crosswalk lights: those that illuminate the whole crosswalk area, and warning lights. Both these lighting systems encourage oncoming traffic to yield for pedestrians only if necessary.

751:, Chile, a 2013 work by Canadian artist Roadsworth features yellow-and-blue fish overlaid on the existing crosswalk. Other crossings worldwide also feature some of Roadsworth's work, including a crosswalk in 481:

In some countries, including the US, "unmarked crosswalks" are presumed to occur at intersections even if a crossing is not marked, except at locations where pedestrian crossing is expressly prohibited.

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Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. American National Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting. Publication IESNA-RP-8-00. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, New York, 2000.

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Reflector signposting is used at crossings in school zones; however, given that most school crossings in the country are staffed with a crossing guard, these signs only serve as a warning to motorists.

1141:'s pedestrian crossings are quite distinct from the rest of Europe use animal names to distinguish different types of crossing. These conventions have been adapted in some ex-Empire countries, such as 906:

may experience pain or confusion in interpreting colourful crossings or distress from visual noise. These crossings may therefore discriminate against marginalised groups in accessing public spaces.

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Bullough, J.D., X. Zhang, N.P. Skinner, and M.S. Rea. Design and Evaluation of Effective Crosswalk Lighting. Publication FHWA-NJ-2009-03. New Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton, NJ, 2009.

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RRFBs), stop or yield signs, or by actuated or automatic signals. Some more innovative crossing treatments include in-pavement flashers, yellow flashing warning lights installed in the roadway, or

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In Finland, fences in the footpath approaching the crossing force pedestrians and bicycles to slow down to navigate a zigzag path, which also tends to force that user to look out for the train.

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Pedestrian sound signal in Sweden. During the first 9 seconds, the slow don't walk signal is heard. Then the button is pressed, sounding a beep. Soon after this, the faster walk signal is heard.

774:. A message on the white bars of the crosswalk reads, "for your safety." 3D crosswalk designs have also been installed in China, with a "floating zebra crossing" implemented in a village in 1872: 1764:

On some pushbutton especially in Austria and Germany there is a symbolic relief showing the crossing situation for the visually impaired, so they can get an overview of the crossing.

3503:. United Nations Treaty Series (in English, French, Chinese, Russian, and Spanish). Vol. 1091. Vienna. 8 November 1968. p. 27 – via United Nations Treaty Collection. 1836: 1818: 2903: 1854: 3633:. Great Britain. Department for Transport, Northern Ireland. Department for Infrastructure, Scotland. Scottish Government, Wales. Welsh Government (2003 ed.). London. 2019. 281:"Pedestrians have a right to cross roads safely and, therefore, planners and engineers have a professional responsibility to plan, design, and install safe crossing facilities." 1498:

In some countries, instead of "don't walk", a depiction of a red man or hand indicating when not to cross, the drawing of the person crossing appears with an "X" drawn over it.

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the boundary lines of sidewalks at intersections where the intersecting roadways meet at approximately right angles, except the of such lines from an alley across a street")

2877: 4166: 1748:". In Croatia, Denmark and Sweden, beeps (or clicks) with long intervals in-between signifying "don't walk" mode and beeps with very short intervals signifying "walk" mode. 4693: 1463:

found similar results to the Florida study, determining that countdown timers may actually cause more crashes than standard hand/man signals. However, other cities such as

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Keywalk for the disabled is an Australian first (March 1995). Western Roads: official journal of Main Roads, Western Australia, 18(4), p.10. Perth: Main Roads Department.

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Van Houten, Ron; Louis Malenfant, J.; Van Houten, Joy; Retting, Richard (1 January 1997). "Using Auditory Pedestrian Signals To Reduce Pedestrian and Vehicle Conflicts".

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The simplest marked crossings may just consist of some markings on the road surface. In the US these are known as "marked crosswalks". In the UK these are often called

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should be swept clean and kept dry. The painter first pulls a guiding line straight and fix the two ends on the ground. Then they spray or brush a primer layer on the

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Biswas, Sabyasachi; Ghosh, Indrajit; Chandra, Satish (1 April 2017). "Effect of Traffic Signal Countdown Timers on Pedestrian Crossings at Signalized Intersection".

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pedestrians and vehicles. However, without other indications such as tactile pavings or cones, these APS units may be hard for visually impaired people to locate.

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Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968; European Agreement Supplementing the Convention; and Protocol on Road Markings, Additional to the European Agreement

3514: 2825: 2493: 528:, there are many inconsistencies, although the variations are usually minor. There are several distinct types in the United Kingdom, each with their own name. 3359: 2418: 3868: 1501:

Some countries around the Baltic Sea in Scandinavia duplicate the red light. Instead of one red light, there are two which both illuminate at the same time.

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Some crossings have pedestrian traffic signals that allow pedestrians and road traffic to use the crossing alternately. On some traffic signals, pressing a

4909: 4817: 3997: 1736:, Singapore and some parts of Canada (moderate to large urban centres). In Japan, various electronic melodies are played, often of traditional melancholic 1569:, closing of the permanent crossing signals due to repairs or upgrades, and establishing new pedestrian crossings for the duration of large public events. 1491: 1064: 117: 5071: 4981: 4273:

Long, Kejun; Han, Lee D.; Yang, Qiang (1 October 2011). "Effects of countdown timers on driver behavior after the yellow onset at Chinese intersections".

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Pedestrian countdown signals are also used elsewhere around the world, such as in Buenos Aires, India, Mexico, Taiwan, and the United Arab Emirates. In

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In France, it is not mandatory that crosswalks exist. However, if there is one less than 50 meters (55 yards) away, pedestrians are obliged to use it.

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There have been many efforts to create lighting scenarios that offer better nighttime illumination in crosswalks. Some innovative concepts include:

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Van Houten, Ron; Ellis, Ralph; Sanda, Jose; Kim, Jin-Lee (2006). "Pedestrian Push-Button Confirmation Increases Call Button Usage and Compliance".

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A cycle path is represented by two points next to each other, a vehicle lane by a rectangle and tram rails by two lines lying one above the other.

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explanatory sign. When a train approaches, the signal light will change to red and an alarm will sound until the train has cleared the crossing.

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Sometimes, call buttons work only at some intersections, at certain times of day, or certain periods of the year, such as in New York City or in

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to give notice to both drivers and pedestrians the time remaining on the crossing signal. In places where there is very high pedestrian traffic,

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In areas with heavy snowfall, using in-pavement lighting can be problematic, since snow can obscure the lights, and snowplows can damage them.

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In certain circumstances, there are needs to install temporary pedestrian crossing signals. The reasons may include redirecting traffic due to

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design for pedestrian lights are widely used. These signals originated in the former East Germany and have become an icon of the city and of

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Some municipalities have found that there are instances where pedestrian countdown signals may be less effective than standard hand/man or "

770:, Georgia, some Tbilisi Academy of Arts students and government officials jointly created a crossing that is designed to look like it is in 710:

to the crosswalk to provide a refuge; or simply cutting through the existing island or median strip where the median is already continuous.

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are uncontrolled and more appropriate for lower flow numbers. What appears to be just pedestrian crossings can also be created largely as a

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Zebra crossings are similar to their Continental counterparts, with white stripe markings, they must have orange flashing globes, called '

4056:"The impact of pedestrian countdown signals on pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions: a reanalysis of data from a quasi-experimental study" 2274: 6962: 3101: 2401: 1149:. 'Look right' and 'look left' markings are sometimes found in tourist areas, to remind pedestrians of the driving direction in the UK. 1109: 1046: 2089:

To warn the oncoming traffic, these warning lights usually only rapidly flash when a pedestrian presses a button to use the crosswalk.

7061: 5103: 1478:("little green man"), who will walk faster immediately before the traffic signal will change. There is also always a countdown timer. 4351: 1723: 1516:

in western Germany and the Netherlands. Other countries also use unusual "walk" and "don't walk" pedestrian indicators. In southwest

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Richmond, Sarah A; Willan, Andrew R; Rothman, Linda; Camden, Andi; Buliung, Ron; Macarthur, Colin; Howard, Andrew (9 March 2017).

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or nonworking call buttons that used to function correctly. In the former case, these buttons are designed to give pedestrians an

1249: 6672: 4704: 3957: 2551: 2275:"Making Roads Safe for Pedestrians or Keeping them Out of the Way? - An Historical Perspective on Pedestrian Policies in Britain" 3495: 1221: 793:, China had a red-and-white zebra crossing with hearts painted on it, reflecting its location near a junction of two rivers. In 6914: 5802: 5153: 1467:

found that countdown timers were effective, and New York City found that countdown signals worked mainly at longer crosswalks.

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prohibits crosswalk art due to concerns about safety and visibility, but U.S. cities have chosen to install their own designs.

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inclusion of stripes (e.g. in paving), the presence of narrowing and visual narrowings of the road positively affect courtesy.

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A refuge is sometimes installed so that a pedestrian can cross in two stages; called 'unmarked crosswalk' in North America.

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A pedestrian pathway in a tunnel under a road, providing a crossing without interrupting pedestrian or vehicular traffic.

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road per hour and 600 vehicles per hour use that road section, PV dictates that a pelican crossing should be installed.

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Safety Effects of Marked vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations:Executive Summary and Recommended Guidelines

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pedestrian crashes by 28% compared to a location without crossings. However, if combined with (placed on top of) a

1505: 848: 20: 4020: 1599: 1195: 331: 7020: 6659: 6478: 5334: 3574: 1923: 1452: 1386: 895: 674: 2011: 1474:, the walking man moves his feet during the countdown. In Taiwan, all the crossings feature animated men called 1217: 952: 6822: 6639: 6365: 6360: 6335: 5452: 5372: 5285: 4729: 2226: 1414: 1345: 501: 214: 62: 2177:

The safety of unsignalled pedestrian or zebra crossings is somewhat contested in traffic engineering circles.

1281: 3555: 7030: 7010: 6812: 3275: 2281: 2165:

In France, when a train is approaching, a red man is shown with the word STOP flashing in red (R25 signal).

1376: 1029: 944: 771: 607:(also known as Barnes Dances) may be used, which stop vehicular traffic in all directions at the same time. 439:

Footbridge over a pedestrian pathway, allowing pedestrians to cross without interrupting vehicular traffic.

4455: 4245: 2323:

Safety and Guidelines for Marked and Unmarked Pedestrian Crosswalks at Unsignalized Intersections in Nevada

33: 6572: 6539: 5876: 5846: 5787: 5752: 5427: 4865: 1557: 864: 3206: 2180:

Research undertaken in New Zealand showed that a zebra crossing without other safety features on average

202: 6703: 6534: 5871: 5762: 5362: 5082: 4970:

Impacts of LED Brightness, Flash Pattern, and Location for Illuminated Pedestrian Traffic Control Device

4429:"Proven Safety Countermeasures - Leading Pedestrian Intervals - Safety | Federal Highway Administration" 1525: 903: 887: 747:

Cities and towns worldwide have held competitions to paint crosswalks, usually as a form of artwork. In

6255: 2442: 2048: 1385:

buttons are installed, pushing the button does not light up the pedestrian walk sign immediately. One

1095:– nostalgia for East German life. A study has shown they are more effective than Western-style icons. 42: 7081: 6577: 6275: 5998: 5896: 5782: 5382: 5367: 5133: 4118: 3387: 2962: 2206: 1125:

Traditional 'farside' signals are frequently replaced with 'nearside' signal boxes, like this one in

993:

at both ends of the crosswalk also have the pedestrian signal heads. For many years these bore white

825: 531: 3027: 1300:

Zebra crossings are common in low traffic areas and their approaches may be marked by zigzag lines.

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is a zebra crossing, the middle line is dashed. A traffic light secured crossing has a solid line.

1521: 1402: 810: 802: 670: 639: 604: 2772: 2737:

National Association of City Transportation Officials; Global Designing Cities Initiative (2016).

1532:, some signals have a "don't walk" indicator that dances; these "dancing man" signals, created by 654: 457: 6873: 6433: 6247: 6232: 6043: 5978: 5901: 5886: 5831: 5807: 5767: 5735: 5669: 5659: 5630: 5567: 5437: 5402: 5173: 4593: 4306: 4221: 3713: 3656: 3508: 3211: 1242: 1060: 835:

Sometimes, different cities around the world may have similar art concepts for their crosswalks.

806: 760: 421: 135:

laws are in place which restrict pedestrians from crossing away from marked crossing facilities.

113: 4835: 2052:

Crosswalk with overhead lighting, and internally illuminated overhead crosswalk signs in Germany

725: 2114:

Pedestrian warning signs enhanced with LED lights either within the sign face or underneath it.

1037: 245:

Pedestrian crossings already existed more than 2,000 years ago, as can be seen in the ruins of

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and do not always provide enough contrast between the pedestrian and his or her background.

1701: 1509: 1160: 1156:'. They also normally have zig-zag markings to prevent overtaking and stopping of vehicles. 1087: 936: 891: 860: 738: 547: 140: 4167:"Patente de Invención, Semáforo vehicular-peatonal con aviso de cambio en unidad de tiempo" 2100:

In-pavement, flashing warning lights oriented upwards (especially visible to children, the

669:

may be used in lieu of crosswalks at very busy intersections as well as at locations where

182:

Police notice explaining the operation of the first pedestrian crossing signal, London 1868

6878: 6802: 6587: 6547: 6458: 6448: 6418: 6408: 6393: 6355: 6311: 6137: 6127: 6058: 5674: 5377: 5226: 5183: 5168: 2520:"Guide for Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities for Enhanced Safety Research Report - Safety" 2148: 1168: 1164: 998: 915: 506: 163: 128: 2137: 755:

where the zebra stripes are shaped like bullets, as well as "conveyor belt" crosswalk in

1641:

Pedestrian controlled crossings are sometimes provided with enhanced features to assist

6926: 6746: 6557: 6519: 6488: 6468: 6453: 6265: 6147: 5689: 5617: 5488: 5483: 5422: 5412: 5304: 5259: 5211: 5188: 5178: 5138: 4637: 4612: 4088: 4055: 3893: 3737: 3432: 3330: 2627: 2375: 2147:

Pedestrian crossings across railways may be arranged differently elsewhere, such as in

2127: 1669: 1398: 1153: 1134: 801:

served as an advertisement for a nearby shopping center, but was later painted over. A

775: 714: 703: 615: 517: 486: 474: 159: 3850: 2322: 966:

In the United States, crosswalks are sometimes marked with white stripes, though many

469: 7050: 7035: 6977: 6967: 6936: 6776: 6567: 6524: 6473: 6413: 6378: 6345: 6212: 6162: 6152: 6053: 5983: 5973: 5866: 5836: 5725: 5684: 5602: 5478: 5312: 5254: 5077: 4597: 4225: 4112:"Pedestrian Countdown at Traffic Signals - An overview of London's successful trials" 2221: 2101: 1745: 1663: 1394: 1163:

is no longer permitted in the UK, because it has been replaced with more intelligent

1159:

There are a number of different types of signal-controlled crossing. The traditional

844: 814: 635: 631: 536: 525: 167: 80: 4310: 789:

Colored crosswalks might have themes that reflect the immediate area. For instance,

7015: 6946: 6921: 6797: 6592: 6582: 6483: 6438: 6398: 6388: 6383: 6340: 6222: 6217: 6142: 6068: 6038: 5930: 5911: 5841: 5679: 5587: 5329: 4071: 3846: 1756: 990: 971: 967: 852: 707: 643: 485:

Pedestrian refuges are uncontrolled crossings with two dropped kerbs and a central

399:

Crossings allowed to be used by non-pedestrians, such as cyclists or horse riders.

6888: 5232: 1486: 839:-colored crosswalks, which are usually painted to show support for the locality's 393: 166:

technique, especially when combined with other features like pedestrian priority,

4286: 1494:

sign indicating to motorists that they must give priority to pedestrians using it

7005: 6972: 6931: 6817: 6771: 6751: 6741: 6562: 6207: 6197: 6172: 6097: 6008: 5956: 5906: 5711: 5643: 5612: 5221: 4887: 3531:

International cooperation to improve the safety of European pedestrian crossings

3383: 2468: 2359: 2342: 2185: 1741: 1732:

APS in other countries may consist of a short recorded message, as in Scotland,

1589: 1546: 1471: 1184: 979: 919: 510: 462: 378: 253: 3869:"Pedestrian Countdown Signals: Experience with an Extensive Pilot Installation" 1653: 6904: 6807: 6792: 6552: 6428: 6301: 6237: 6202: 6182: 6063: 6033: 6003: 5943: 5891: 5543: 4209: 3705: 3648: 2473:

In: The 17th Annual Transport Practitioners' Meeting. PTRC: Oxford, UK. (2019)

2443:"Pedestrian Refuge Island | Traffic Choices - aiding traffic scheme decisions" 1642: 1533: 1045: 820: 662: 521: 443: 132: 101: 4628: 4589: 4294: 4217: 4079: 3933: 3049:

Bechtel, Allyson K.; MacLeod, Kara E.; Ragland, David R. (17 December 2003).

2586: 2343:"Re-Examination of PV 2 Criteria for Developing Pedestrian Crossing Warrants" 7025: 6941: 6857: 6761: 6756: 6423: 6270: 6157: 6117: 6107: 6102: 5993: 5861: 5856: 5706: 5625: 5582: 5533: 5523: 5518: 5508: 3790:

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

2111:

Pole-mounted, flashing warning lights (mounted similar to a traffic signal).

1737: 1733: 1566: 1475: 1434: 1142: 1126: 1114: 872: 265: 4944: 4646: 4611:

Barlow, Janet M.; Scott, Alan C.; Bentzen, Billie Louise (1 January 2009).

4302: 4097: 3685: 3628: 3050: 1390:

locations, pedestrians are more likely to wait for the "walk" indications.

646:

allows pedestrians to cross safely in any direction, including diagonally.

571: 263:

In the early 20th century, car traffic increased dramatically. A reader of

3207:"The Government Says Rainbow Crosswalks Could Be Unsafe. Are They Really?" 2709: 1684: 948:

A crosswalk at a signalized intersection, showing the 'parallel line'-type

782:, China to catch drivers' attention; and another multicolored crossing in 686:

or skywalk, is sometimes implemented in regions that experience inclement

6863: 6736: 6616: 6611: 6443: 6192: 6187: 6048: 6013: 5961: 5951: 5597: 5572: 5397: 5249: 4378:"Waiting for 'Don't Walk' Signs Is More Fun When the Stick Figure Dances" 3481:"Public Affairs : AA pedestrian crossings survey in Europe - the AA" 2201: 1673: 1672:(or tactile pavings) may be laid flush within the adjacent footways (US: 1517: 1092: 856: 794: 786:

Province that serves the same purpose as the colored Changsha crosswalk.

779: 752: 748: 551: 144: 84: 2774:

Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology

2771:

Fisher, Donald L.; Rizzo, Matthew; Caird, Jeffrey; Lee, John D. (2011).

6719: 6514: 6498: 6325: 6167: 6018: 5528: 5503: 5088: 2105: 2073: 1613: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1460: 1209: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1138: 883: 829: 798: 790: 783: 767: 730: 687: 246: 155: 152: 1424: 1285:

Crossing lamp/s used at a signalised intersection in Sydney, Australia

381:, or Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB) for vehicular traffic. 6909: 6845: 6621: 6291: 5701: 5664: 4969: 4509:"Signal-Controlled Pedestrian Facilities at Portable Traffic Signals" 3077:"San Francisco's Castro District to get gay pride rainbow crosswalks" 1529: 1464: 1410: 1082: 970:

have slightly different styles. The designs used vary widely between

886:

had 40 crosswalks with unique designs, including the rainbow flag in

868: 813:, is painted with red-and-yellow colors to signify the colors of the 683: 666: 337:

Crossings giving equal priority to pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

257: 148: 109: 76: 72: 4581: 3801: 2587:"Does pressing the pedestrian crossing button actually do anything?" 2469:"Analysing pedestrian and vehicle interaction at courtesy crossings" 377:

Crossing with call buttons, pedestrian signals, and traffic lights,

3603:"Go ahead: Bring back East Germany's little traffic light man, say" 1171:(so named because TWO user types CAN cross) and sparrow crossings. 252:

The first pedestrian crossing signal was erected in Bridge Street,

143:

use signals to keep pedestrians together where they can be seen by

124:

Conventions, both of which pertain to road signs and road traffic.

6883: 6840: 6688: 2732: 2730: 2211: 2188:, zebra crossings were found to reduce pedestrian crashes by 80%. 2131: 2047: 2033: 1755: 1720: 1705:

An accessible pedestrian signal which is used in the US and Canada

1700: 1683: 1652: 1556: 1485: 1437: 1375: 1280: 1146: 1120: 1108: 1044: 1036: 1028: 951: 943: 935: 819: 724: 653: 624: 620: 614: 570: 560: 555: 500: 468: 356: 177: 16:

Place designated for pedestrians to cross a road, street or avenue

5340:

Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway

5270: 3985:"The Effects of Pedestrian Countdown Signals in Lake Buena Vista" 291:

criteria is criticised for neglecting the safety of pedestrians.

5301: 840: 543: 105: 6692: 5274: 5092: 3180:"Long Beach Tunes Up Road Safety With Painted Piano Crosswalks" 3155:"Tel Aviv's rainbow crosswalk draws cheers, then jeers, online" 797:, Brazil, a crosswalk with its bars irregularly painted like a 6132: 1584: 1393:

Reports suggest that many walk buttons in some areas, such as

1316: 1178: 359:). Pedestrians normally have priority over vehicular traffic. 185: 2904:"Second set of Lompoc crosswalks undergoes artistic makeover" 4325:"Abu Dhabi installs countdown signal system for pedestrians" 591:

signals may also be included to assist people who have poor

3922:"Too Slow in the Crosswalk? Automatic Timers Will Tell You" 1768:

islands follow. The relief is completed with a broad line.

1760:

Relief symbol on a pushbutton of a traffic light in Germany

1004:

legends, but pictograms of an "upraised hand" (symbolizing

778:

to boost tourism; a multicolored 3-D crossing installed in

706:

in the middle of the road; extending an existing island or

4983:

Sécurisation des traversées piétonnes des voies de tramway

3851:"Crosswalk Buttons Don't Do Anything! Except When They Do" 2878:"'Creative Crossings' organizers unveil crosswalk artwork" 1504:

In many parts of eastern Germany, particularly the former

1117:, with the traditional – and mandatory – 'belisha' beacons 4141:"Podrán programar semáforos según el estado del tránsito" 4021:"Paging Inspector Sands: The Costs of Public Information" 2994:"Ten More Creative Crosswalks & Zany Zebra Crossings" 2080:

Festooned strings of light over the top of the crosswalk.

1332:

deal primarily with United States and do not represent a

595:. In many cities, some or most signals are equipped with 2093:

In-pavement lighting oriented to face oncoming traffic (

4694:"Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS), October 31, 2016" 1561:

Portable pedestrian crossing signal at a road work site

1341: 4958:

Efficacy of Rectangular-shaped Rapid Flash LED Beacons

4765:"Productinformation Signal requesting device (EK 533)" 4613:"Audible Beaconing with Accessible Pedestrian Signals" 4352:"Japan Now Has a Traffic Signal Shaped Like Astro Boy" 3764:"Ask CityLab: Do "WALK" Buttons Actually Do Anything?" 3051:"Oakland Chinatown Pedestrian Scramble: An Evaluation" 1063:

is party to (though has not necessarily ratified) the

603:

are used to signal traffic of pedestrian presence, or

4927: 4730:"Accessible Pedestrian Signals Program Status Report" 4542:

Bentzen, Billie Louise; Tabor, Lee S. (August 1998).

4407:

National Association of City Transportation Officials

3817:"Why the Crosswalk Buttons in Your City May Not Work" 3102:"West Hollywood's rainbow-colored crosswalks to stay" 2955:"Colorful 3D zebra crossing seen in China's Changsha" 2158:

a "Red Man" light; no light when no train approaching

116:. The term "pedestrian crossing" is also used in the 4173:(in Spanish). INPI. 28 November 2006. Archived from 2826:"Creative crosswalks around the world – in pictures" 2325:(Report). Nevada Department of Transportation. 2012. 1688:

Tactile representation of a street crossing in Oslo.

6986: 6955: 6897: 6831: 6785: 6727: 6630: 6601: 6507: 6324: 6284: 6246: 6088: 6077: 5929: 5816: 5733: 5724: 5652: 5557: 5471: 5353: 5320: 5311: 5242: 5197: 5126: 5078:

Photos of pedestrian signals from various countries

3460:"The Unintentional Racism Found in Traffic Signals" 3235:"Crosswalks marked with colors of Pan-African flag" 3055:

Safe Transportation Research & Education Center

2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 1524:, there are pedestrian signal lights that resemble 940:

A traditional, now-defunct U.S. "DON'T WALK" signal

71:Pedestrian crossings in (clockwise, from top left) 5083:Investigating Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings 1065:Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals (1968) 989:At crossings controlled by signals, generally the 4956:Van Houten, Ron and & Malenfant, J.E. Louis, 3582:, ECE/TRANS/196, United Nations Publication, 2006 2077:lighting standards, more studies need to be done. 5036:. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from 4246:"7 Crosswalk Signals You Won't Mind Waiting For" 3983:Huang, Herman; Zegeer, Charles (November 2000). 3687:Traffic signs manual. Chapter 6, Traffic control 2852:"How to Make Crosswalks Artistically Delightful" 2552:"For Exercise in New York Futility, Push Button" 1033:The typical Continental pedestrian crossing sign 355:Formed of black and white stripes (resembling a 19:"Crosswalk" redirects here. For other uses, see 3354: 3352: 3128:"Crews Paint Rainbow Crosswalks in Center City" 2703: 2701: 2155:a barrier which closes when a train approaches; 1397:and the United Kingdom, may actually be either 713:Another relatively widespread variation is the 605:exclusive traffic signal phases for pedestrians 127:Marked pedestrian crossings are often found at 100:in American English) is a place designated for 3841: 3839: 3837: 3630:Traffic signs manual. Chapter 5, Road markings 3262:"Colourful Crossings » Transport for All" 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 362:Called a 'marked crosswalk' in North America. 6704: 5286: 5104: 4928:"Crosswalk Lights, Pedestrian Crossing Signs" 4910:"German traffic light for smartphone zombies" 4884:"Pedestrian & Bicycle Information Center" 4171:Instituto Nacional de la Propiedad Industrial 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2413: 2411: 2383:(2009 ed. – 3rd revision ed.), July 2022 1330:The examples and perspective in this section 8: 3958:"Countdown Clocks Coming to City Crosswalks" 3305:"Part II of II: Best Practices Design Guide" 2929:"Tbilisi opening up for colorful crosswalks" 2284:Centre for Transport Studies. Archived from 2252:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1050: 923:pedestrian in the driver's field of vision. 213:. There might be a discussion about this on 5074:- Department for Transport (United Kingdom) 3998:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3874:. ITE Journal. January 2006. pp. 43–48 3311:. Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2402:"Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)" 2249:Cities of Vesuvius: Pompeii and Herculaneum 6711: 6697: 6689: 6085: 5730: 5317: 5293: 5279: 5271: 5149:Pedestrian crossings in the United Kingdom 5111: 5097: 5089: 5022: 5020: 4972:, Federal Highway Administration, May 2015 4947:, Federal highway Administration, May 2009 4743:New York City Department of Transportation 3718:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3661:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3513:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1348:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1105:Pedestrian crossings in the United Kingdom 432: 410: 392: 370: 330: 4636: 4516:Department for Transport (United Kingdom) 4087: 2467:Jones, P.; Di Guardo, G. (10 July 2019). 2377:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices 2358: 1629:Learn how and when to remove this message 1364:Learn how and when to remove this message 1269:Learn how and when to remove this message 300:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices 233:Learn how and when to remove this message 3894:"FHWA - MUTCD - 2003 Edition Chapter 4E" 2273:Ishaque, Muhammad M.; Noland, Robert B. 1781: 1662:hearing-impaired people. Alternatively, 1072:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968) 601:Embedded pavement flashing-light systems 588: 456: 384:Sometimes known as a 'pelican crossing' 309: 7001:International Federation of Pedestrians 5217:Embedded pavement flashing-light system 4376:Liszewski, Andrew (16 September 2014). 3528:Mazzone, Francesco (25 November 2008), 3402:"2000 MUTCD - PART 4 - TRAFFIC SIGNALS" 3075:Branson-Potts, Hailey (14 March 2014). 2238: 2095:Embedded pavement flashing-light system 956:A ladder-style crosswalk by a STOP sign 4660: 4658: 4656: 4198:Transportation in Developing Economies 3711: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3654: 3506: 3299: 3297: 3295: 1008:) and a "walking person" (symbolizing 824:Pedestrian crossing sign used in art, 6389:Median / Central reservation 4537: 4535: 4533: 4518:(Traffic Advisory Leaflet). June 2011 4461:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 4434:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 4268: 4266: 4239: 4237: 4235: 3952: 3950: 3899:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 3413:. December 2000. pp. 4E1 to 4E14 2681:"A Brief History of the Barnes Dance" 1113:A zebra crossing on the sea front of 596: 402:Sometimes known as 'toucan crossing' 7: 4997:Pedestrian planning and design guide 3497:Convention on Road Signs and Signals 2336: 2334: 2332: 1611:adding citations to reliable sources 1433:Some pedestrian signals integrate a 1207:adding citations to reliable sources 584: 5068:Federal Highway Administration (US) 4866:"Illuminated Air Crosswalk Concept" 4350:Metcalfe, John (19 November 2014). 2876:Jacobson, Willis (21 August 2015). 2850:Metcalfe, John (25 February 2014). 2341:Jain, Udit; Rastogi, Rajat (2017). 1681:controlled (signalised) locations. 1512:) has a hat. There are also female 583:is required to trigger the signal. 6307:Risk compensation (road transport) 5072:The Design of Pedestrian Crossings 2902:Jacobson, Willis (22 April 2016). 2585:Castella, Tom (4 September 2013). 2495:Your Guide to Pedestrian Crossings 1657:Tactile paving next to a crosswalk 1508:, the design of the crossing man ( 1081:In the east of Germany, including 634:to vehicles in all directions for 532:Pedestrian cross striping machines 14: 6996:International charter for walking 5066:Bicycle and Pedestrian Statistics 4549:. Accessible Design for the Blind 3592:Code de la route, article R412-37 3433:"Chapter 4E - MUTCD 2009 Edition" 3331:"Chapter 3B - MUTCD 2009 Edition" 3205:Rueb, Emily S. (7 October 2019). 3026:. 3 February 2009. Archived from 2961:. 29 January 2015. Archived from 2824:Perry, Francesca (14 July 2016). 2708:Wetmore, John (29 October 2012). 2628:"Chapter 4E - MUTCD 2009 Edition" 2550:Luo, Michael (27 February 2004). 2309:The Times, 14 Feb. 1911, pg. 14: 2136:A railway pedestrian crossing in 1041:Swiss yellow pedestrian crossings 1012:) have been required since 2009. 843:cultures, have been installed in 729:A rainbow pedestrian crossing in 6673:Glossary of road transport terms 4482:Bliss, Laura (26 January 2018). 4456:"Right Turn on Red Restrictions" 4019:Kapoor, Sacha; Magesan, Arvind. 3920:Chan, Sewell (3 November 2006). 3020:"Love zebra crossing in Chengdu" 2679:Jaffe, Eric (18 December 2012). 2522:. Federal Highway Administration 2347:Transportation Research Procedia 2010: 1992: 1974: 1956: 1938: 1922: 1906: 1889: 1871: 1853: 1835: 1817: 1801: 1588: 1581:Enhancements for disabled people 1455:, at several intersections near 1321: 1183: 580: 563:can be used to mark crosswalks. 505:A woman at a marked crossing in 348: 190: 147:, and where they can cross most 61: 52: 41: 32: 5154:Pedestrian separation structure 4999:. Land Transport New Zealand / 4836:"Press Releases - LRC Newsroom" 4544:"Accessible Pedestrian Signals" 3762:Gan, Vicky (2 September 2015). 3360:"Right of Way in the Crosswalk" 2419:"Right of Way in the Crosswalk" 1598:needs additional citations for 1194:needs additional citations for 4666:"APS Technical Specifications" 4570:Transportation Research Record 4147:(in Spanish). 19 November 2010 4072:10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040717 4000:Highway Safety Research Center 3458:Kaufman, David (6 July 2020). 3309:Federal Highway Administration 3233:Lee, Jessica (6 August 2015). 2777:. CRC Press. p. 34–PA10. 1289:In Australia, the terminology 880:Federal Highway Administration 1: 6655:Pavement performance modeling 6645:International roughness index 4403:"Leading Pedestrian Interval" 3815:Kim, Susanna (31 July 2014). 1490:A pedestrian crossing with a 757:Winston-Salem, North Carolina 658:Pedestrian overhead crosswalk 269:wrote to the editor in 1911: 6650:Present serviceability index 6444:Sidewalk / Pavement 5989:Diamond grinding of pavement 4287:10.1080/15389588.2011.593010 2743:. Island Press. p. 88. 2122:Railway pedestrian crossings 575:A toucan crossing in England 6963:Pedestrian circumnavigators 6622:Underpass / Tunnel 6617:Overpass / Flyover 6371:High-occupancy vehicle lane 6261:Driving under the influence 5335:Freeway / Motorway 4484:"The Best Cheap Street Fix" 4034:Erasmus School of Economics 2360:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.130 1540:Leading Pedestrian Interval 1344:, discuss the issue on the 962:Crosswalks in North America 630:Some intersections display 567:Signal-controlled crossings 554:surface. The thermoplastic 367:Signal-controlled crossing 313:Type (incl. various names) 7098: 5549:Highway systems by country 3557:Convention on Road Traffic 3153:Lior, Ilan (16 May 2012). 2740:Global Street Design Guide 2125: 1670:Tactile surfacing patterns 1506:German Democratic Republic 1492:Vienna Convention standard 1102: 1099:United Kingdom and Ireland 959: 859:. Crosswalks painted like 736: 675:controlled-access highways 21:Crosswalk (disambiguation) 18: 7062:Pedestrian infrastructure 7021:Walk Safely to School Day 6668: 6660:Granular base equivalency 6479:Traffic signal preemption 5887:Right-in/right-out (RIRO) 5793:Single-point urban (SPUI) 4960:, Retrieved 25 March 2011 4275:Traffic Injury Prevention 4210:10.1007/s40890-016-0032-7 2311:The Pedestrian's Chances. 2151:, where they consist of: 1453:Lake Buena Vista, Florida 1387:Portland State University 619:A pedestrian scramble in 6823:Walking distance measure 6640:Pavement condition index 6366:High-occupancy toll lane 6361:Contraflow lane reversal 6336:Barrier transfer machine 5027:Zegeer, Charles (2002). 2710:"Perils For Pedestrians" 2447:www.trafficchoices.co.uk 2246:Bradley, Pamela (2013). 2227:Pedestrian crossing flag 1549:planners and advocates. 1429:Count down traffic light 1380:A pedestrian call button 1059:Nearly every country of 7031:Walking Artists Network 7011:National Pedestrian Day 6915:Long-distance footpaths 6813:Preferred walking speed 5494:Express-collector setup 3184:NBC Southern California 2282:Imperial College London 1915:island with pushbutton 1898:island with pushbutton 1313:Pedestrian call buttons 914:Raised crossings are a 650:Footbridges and tunnels 642:, this type of vehicle 473:A courtesy crossing in 461:A pedestrian refuge in 6678:Road types by features 6573:Raised pavement marker 6540:Constant-slope barrier 6464:Traffic directionality 6454:Street running railway 5877:Protected intersection 4945:Embedded LEDs in Signs 2141: 2053: 1761: 1729: 1706: 1689: 1658: 1562: 1495: 1430: 1381: 1286: 1130: 1118: 1056: 1051: 1042: 1034: 957: 949: 941: 927:Distinctions by region 918:measure that contains 832: 734: 659: 627: 576: 513: 478: 466: 283: 275: 183: 170:, or raised surfaces. 7077:Road surface markings 6535:Concrete step barrier 5872:Offset T-intersection 3722:) CS1 maint: others ( 3665:) CS1 maint: others ( 3563:– via unece.org 2374:"Part 3 – Markings", 2135: 2051: 1759: 1727: 1704: 1687: 1656: 1560: 1489: 1428: 1379: 1284: 1218:"Pedestrian crossing" 1124: 1112: 1055:signal, showing green 1048: 1040: 1032: 955: 947: 939: 904:neurodivergent people 863:have been painted in 823: 728: 657: 618: 574: 504: 472: 460: 407:Pedestrian underpass 279: 277:According to Zegeer, 271: 181: 7057:Pedestrian crossings 6578:Road surface marking 6276:Single-vehicle crash 5999:Full depth recycling 5897:Seagull intersection 5134:Guerrilla crosswalks 5120:Pedestrian crossings 4119:Transport for London 3388:Uniform Vehicle Code 3264:. 28 September 2021. 2207:Road surface marking 1607:improve this article 1342:improve this section 1203:improve this article 826:University of Bremen 694:Crosswalk shortening 671:limited-access roads 429:Pedestrian overpass 389:Multi-user crossing 203:confusing or unclear 7067:Road infrastructure 6869:Pedestrian crossing 6404:Pedestrian crossing 5967:Reinforced concrete 5803:Three-level diamond 5514:Two-lane expressway 5499:Farm-to-market road 5144:Pedestrian scramble 5043:on 17 November 2011 5001:NZ Transport Agency 4932:Traffic Safety Corp 4177:on 9 September 2018 3186:. 30 September 2016 2068:Illuminating lights 1783: 1649:Tactile indications 1522:Kanagawa Prefecture 1403:illusion of control 1291:pedestrian crossing 811:Oakland, California 803:pedestrian scramble 715:curb/kerb extension 640:pedestrian scramble 611:Pedestrian scramble 327:Informal crossings 211:clarify the article 151:across the flow of 94:pedestrian crossing 6874:Pedestrian village 6434:Runaway truck ramp 6256:Driver's education 6044:Rubberized asphalt 5979:Crocodile cracking 5902:Split intersection 5670:Hierarchy of roads 5631:Single carriageway 4890:on 2 December 2009 3926:The New York Times 3742:TfGM Active Travel 3276:"Raised Crosswalk" 3212:The New York Times 3030:on 6 February 2009 2965:on 16 October 2015 2714:Pedestrian Bridges 2556:The New York Times 2501:, Trafford Council 2142: 2054: 1782: 1762: 1730: 1707: 1690: 1659: 1563: 1496: 1431: 1382: 1287: 1131: 1119: 1061:Continental Europe 1057: 1043: 1035: 1025:Continental Europe 958: 950: 942: 878:The United States 833: 761:Lompoc, California 735: 699:Pedestrian refuges 660: 628: 577: 514: 479: 467: 453:Unmarked crossings 184: 7072:Pedestrian safety 7044: 7043: 6767:Walker (mobility) 6686: 6685: 6494:Wide outside lane 6320: 6319: 6297:Automotive safety 6178:Road slipperiness 5925: 5924: 5773:Diverging diamond 5720: 5719: 5636:Single-track road 5578:Bicycle boulevard 5268: 5267: 5010:978-0-478-30945-4 4331:. 6 February 2010 4060:Injury Prevention 4029:people.few.eur.nl 3697:978-0-11-553744-8 3640:978-0-11-553208-5 3240:The Seattle Times 3106:Los Angeles Times 3081:Los Angeles Times 2935:. 31 January 2017 2784:978-1-4200-6101-7 2750:978-1-61091-702-5 2591:BBC News Magazine 2038:Western Australia 2025: 2024: 1901:open to the left 1725: 1678:visually impaired 1639: 1638: 1631: 1553:Temporary signals 1457:Walt Disney World 1374: 1373: 1366: 1279: 1278: 1271: 1253: 1070:Furthermore, the 721:Artwork crossings 450: 449: 243: 242: 235: 141:Pelican crossings 7089: 6728:Aids, groups and 6713: 6706: 6699: 6690: 6530:Cat's eye (road) 6351:Complete streets 6123:Dead Man's Curve 6086: 6024:Pavement milling 5939:Asphalt concrete 5882:Quadrant roadway 5823: 5745: 5731: 5697:Street hierarchy 5345:Elevated highway 5318: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5272: 5164:Pelican crossing 5159:Pegasus crossing 5113: 5106: 5099: 5090: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5042: 5035: 5024: 5015: 5014: 4993: 4987: 4986:, CETE Sud-Ouest 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4886:. Archived from 4880: 4874: 4873: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4769: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4734: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4710:on 22 March 2017 4709: 4703:. Archived from 4698: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4670: 4662: 4651: 4650: 4640: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4548: 4539: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4513: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4409:. 30 August 2013 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4270: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4244:Walker, Alissa. 4241: 4230: 4229: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4121:. September 2011 4116: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4091: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4025: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3989: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3964:. 16 August 2010 3954: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3873: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3843: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3717: 3709: 3682: 3671: 3670: 3660: 3652: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3609:. 20 August 2013 3599: 3593: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3544:on 29 March 2018 3543: 3537:, archived from 3536: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3512: 3504: 3502: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3406: 3398: 3392: 3386:(discussing the 3380: 3374: 3373: 3372:on 29 July 2014. 3371: 3365:. Archived from 3364: 3356: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3108:. 27 August 2012 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2990: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2821: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2734: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2624: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2582: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2500: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2431:on 29 July 2014. 2430: 2424:. Archived from 2423: 2415: 2406: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2382: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2338: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2290: 2279: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2243: 2217:The Greenwalking 2028:Key-based system 2014: 1996: 1978: 1960: 1942: 1926: 1910: 1893: 1875: 1857: 1839: 1821: 1805: 1784: 1726: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1614: 1592: 1585: 1450: 1446: 1421:Countdown timers 1369: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1325: 1324: 1317: 1274: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1252: 1211: 1187: 1179: 1169:toucan crossings 1165:puffin crossings 1161:pelican crossing 1054: 1011: 1007: 1003: 996: 910:Raised crossings 896:Central District 892:Pan-African flag 739:Rainbow crossing 636:a period of time 597:countdown timers 497:Marked crossings 442:Also known as a 436: 420:Also known as a 414: 396: 374: 352: 334: 310: 306:Types and design 238: 231: 227: 224: 218: 194: 193: 186: 65: 56: 45: 36: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7040: 6988: 6982: 6951: 6893: 6879:Pedestrian zone 6833: 6832:Environment and 6827: 6803:Knuckle-walking 6781: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6687: 6682: 6664: 6632: 6626: 6597: 6588:Traffic barrier 6548:F-Shape barrier 6503: 6459:Traffic calming 6419:Reversible lane 6409:Pedestrian zone 6394:Motorcycle lane 6356:Contraflow lane 6328:time allocation 6327: 6316: 6312:Underride guard 6280: 6242: 6128:Expansion joint 6090: 6080: 6073: 6059:Stamped asphalt 5921: 5852:Continuous flow 5825: 5821: 5820: 5812: 5746: 5742:grade-separated 5739: 5738: 5716: 5675:Private highway 5648: 5553: 5467: 5349: 5307: 5299: 5269: 5264: 5238: 5227:Portland Orange 5193: 5184:Toucan crossing 5169:Puffin crossing 5122: 5117: 5062: 5057: 5056: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5025: 5018: 5011: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4916:, 29 April 2016 4908: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4773: 4771: 4770:. Langmatz GmbH 4767: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4745:. November 2015 4732: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4696: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4654: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4582:10.3141/1578-03 4567: 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4272: 4271: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4233: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4023: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3956: 3955: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3849:(10 May 2010). 3845: 3844: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3802:10.3141/1982-14 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3738:"Jargon buster" 3736: 3735: 3731: 3710: 3698: 3684: 3683: 3674: 3653: 3641: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3607:The Independent 3601: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3534: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3303: 3302: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2933:GeorgianJournal 2927: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2736: 2735: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2707: 2706: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2660:. December 2012 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2626: 2625: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2584: 2583: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2409: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2340: 2339: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2291:on 17 July 2011 2288: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2198: 2175: 2149:New South Wales 2130: 2124: 2087: 2070: 2046: 2030: 1999:traffic lights 1878:zebra crossing 1860:zebra crossing 1842:zebra crossing 1824:zebra crossing 1754: 1721: 1699: 1697:Audible signals 1651: 1643:disabled people 1635: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1604: 1583: 1555: 1542: 1484: 1448: 1444: 1423: 1399:placebo buttons 1370: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1339: 1326: 1322: 1315: 1310: 1275: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1212: 1210: 1200: 1188: 1177: 1154:belisha beacons 1107: 1101: 1027: 1018: 1009: 1005: 1001: 999:Portland Orange 994: 986:marked or not. 964: 934: 929: 916:traffic calming 912: 861:piano keyboards 741: 733:, United States 723: 704:traffic islands 696: 682:often called a 652: 613: 569: 542:The section of 518:zebra crossings 499: 455: 345:Zebra crossing 308: 288: 239: 228: 222: 219: 208: 195: 191: 176: 164:traffic calming 160:zebra crossings 90: 89: 88: 87: 68: 67: 66: 58: 57: 48: 47: 46: 38: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7095: 7093: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7049: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6992: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6927:Nordic walking 6924: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6907: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6837: 6835: 6834:infrastructure 6829: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6747:Crossing guard 6744: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6634: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6558:Jersey barrier 6555: 6550: 6545: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6489:Unused highway 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6469:Traffic island 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6322: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6266:Drowsy driving 6263: 6258: 6252: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6148:Level crossing 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6094: 6092: 6083: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5847:Channelization 5844: 5839: 5834: 5832:3-way junction 5828: 5826: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5734: 5728: 5726:Road junctions 5722: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5690:business route 5687: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5620: 5618:Primitive road 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5489:County highway 5486: 5484:Collector road 5481: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5458:United Kingdom 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5393:Czech Republic 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5322:Limited-access 5315: 5309: 5308: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5275: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5260:Tactile paving 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5212:Belisha beacon 5209: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5191: 5189:Zebra crossing 5186: 5181: 5179:Tiger crossing 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5139:Panda crossing 5136: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5061: 5060:External links 5058: 5055: 5054: 5016: 5009: 4988: 4974: 4962: 4949: 4937: 4919: 4901: 4875: 4857: 4848: 4827: 4809: 4799: 4790: 4781: 4756: 4721: 4685: 4652: 4623:(4): 149–158. 4603: 4560: 4529: 4500: 4474: 4447: 4420: 4394: 4368: 4342: 4316: 4281:(5): 538–544. 4262: 4231: 4188: 4158: 4132: 4103: 4066:(3): 155–158. 4046: 4011: 3975: 3946: 3912: 3885: 3860: 3833: 3807: 3780: 3754: 3729: 3696: 3672: 3639: 3620: 3594: 3585: 3566: 3547: 3520: 3494:"Article 29". 3486: 3472: 3450: 3424: 3393: 3375: 3348: 3322: 3291: 3267: 3253: 3225: 3197: 3171: 3145: 3134:. 25 June 2015 3119: 3093: 3067: 3041: 3011: 2976: 2946: 2920: 2894: 2868: 2842: 2797: 2783: 2763: 2749: 2726: 2697: 2671: 2654:"Death by Car" 2645: 2604: 2568: 2533: 2511: 2485: 2459: 2434: 2407: 2393: 2366: 2328: 2314: 2302: 2265: 2258: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2174: 2171: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2128:Level crossing 2126:Main article: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2102:short-statured 2098: 2086: 2085:Warning lights 2083: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2069: 2066: 2045: 2042: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2007: 2006: 2005:bidirectional 2003: 2000: 1997: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1981:traffic light 1979: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963:traffic light 1961: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1945:traffic light 1943: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1832: 1831: 1830:bidirectional 1828: 1825: 1822: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1753: 1750: 1698: 1695: 1650: 1647: 1637: 1636: 1595: 1593: 1582: 1579: 1554: 1551: 1541: 1538: 1483: 1480: 1422: 1419: 1372: 1371: 1336:of the subject 1334:worldwide view 1329: 1327: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1277: 1276: 1191: 1189: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1135:United Kingdom 1103:Main article: 1100: 1097: 1026: 1023: 1017: 1014: 968:municipalities 960:Main article: 933: 930: 928: 925: 911: 908: 849:West Hollywood 776:Luoyuan County 722: 719: 695: 692: 665:or pedestrian 651: 648: 612: 609: 568: 565: 498: 495: 487:traffic island 475:Havelock North 454: 451: 448: 447: 440: 437: 430: 426: 425: 418: 415: 408: 404: 403: 400: 397: 390: 386: 385: 382: 375: 368: 364: 363: 360: 353: 346: 342: 341: 338: 335: 328: 324: 323: 320: 317: 314: 307: 304: 287: 284: 241: 240: 198: 196: 189: 175: 172: 168:refuge islands 70: 69: 60: 59: 51: 50: 49: 40: 39: 31: 30: 29: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7094: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7037: 7036:Walking audit 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6989:and campaigns 6985: 6979: 6978:Slow marathon 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6968:Pedestrianism 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6937:Speed walking 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6896: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6853:Drovers' road 6851: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6777:Walking stick 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6726: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6707: 6702: 6700: 6695: 6694: 6691: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6568:Noise barrier 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6525:Cable barrier 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6474:Traffic lanes 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6414:Refuge island 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6379:Living street 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6346:Climbing lane 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6323: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6248:Human factors 6245: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213:Traffic light 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6163:Oversize load 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6153:Manhole cover 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5984:Crushed stone 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5867:Michigan left 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5819:Intersections 5815: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5768:Directional T 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5685:special route 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5603:Frontage road 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5479:Arterial road 5477: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5463:United States 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5313:Types of road 5310: 5306: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5289: 5284: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5255:Refuge island 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243:Other aspects 5241: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5206:Ampelmännchen 5203: 5202: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5109: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5039: 5032: 5031: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4870:www.toxel.com 4867: 4861: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4823: 4822:www.utrc2.org 4819: 4813: 4810: 4803: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4689: 4686: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4561: 4545: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4489: 4485: 4478: 4475: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4369: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4343: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4189: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4047: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4022: 4015: 4012: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3986: 3979: 3976: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3913: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3847:Ragusea, Adam 3842: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3781: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3755: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3621: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3567: 3559: 3558: 3551: 3548: 3540: 3533: 3532: 3524: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3499: 3498: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3461: 3454: 3451: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3412: 3411: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3368: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3198: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3146: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3068: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3042: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3000:. 27 May 2012 2999: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2909: 2908:Lompoc Record 2905: 2898: 2895: 2883: 2882:Lompoc Record 2879: 2872: 2869: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2843: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2786: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2767: 2764: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2672: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2497: 2496: 2489: 2486: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2460: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2427: 2420: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2379: 2378: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2356: 2353:: 1707–1716. 2352: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2266: 2261: 2259:9781107638112 2255: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2222:Traffic light 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2121: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2050: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1966:vehicle lane 1965: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1863:vehicle lane 1862: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1752:Relief symbol 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1696: 1694: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1664:electrostatic 1655: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1633: 1630: 1622: 1619:November 2013 1612: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1596:This section 1594: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1559: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514:Ampelmännchen 1511: 1510:Ampelmännchen 1507: 1502: 1499: 1493: 1488: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1427: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1395:New York City 1391: 1388: 1378: 1368: 1365: 1357: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1328: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1283: 1273: 1270: 1262: 1259:December 2021 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1220: – 1219: 1215: 1214:Find sources: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1192:This section 1190: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1123: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1088:Ampelmännchen 1085:, the unique 1084: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1053: 1052:Ampelmännchen 1047: 1039: 1031: 1024: 1022: 1015: 1013: 1000: 992: 987: 983: 981: 975: 973: 972:jurisdictions 969: 963: 954: 946: 938: 932:North America 931: 926: 924: 921: 917: 909: 907: 905: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 845:San Francisco 842: 838: 831: 827: 822: 818: 816: 815:flag of China 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 762: 758: 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Known as a 637: 633: 626: 622: 617: 610: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 573: 566: 564: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 537:road striping 533: 529: 527: 526:United States 523: 519: 512: 508: 503: 496: 494: 490: 488: 483: 477:, New Zealand 476: 471: 464: 459: 452: 445: 441: 438: 435: 431: 428: 427: 423: 419: 416: 413: 409: 406: 405: 401: 398: 395: 391: 388: 387: 383: 380: 376: 373: 369: 366: 365: 361: 358: 354: 351: 347: 344: 343: 339: 336: 333: 329: 326: 325: 321: 318: 315: 312: 311: 305: 303: 301: 296: 292: 285: 282: 278: 274: 270: 268: 267: 261: 259: 255: 250: 248: 237: 234: 226: 223:February 2023 216: 215:the talk page 212: 206: 204: 199:This article 197: 188: 187: 180: 173: 171: 169: 165: 161: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 136: 134: 130: 129:intersections 125: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 86: 82: 81:New York City 78: 74: 64: 55: 44: 35: 26: 22: 7016:New Urbanism 6947:Walking tour 6922:Mall walking 6868: 6798:Hand walking 6593:Traffic cone 6583:Rumble strip 6484:Truck bypass 6439:Shared space 6403: 6399:Passing lane 6384:Managed lane 6341:Bicycle lane 6223:Washboarding 6218:Traffic sign 6143:Hairpin turn 5912:Texas U-turn 5842:Box junction 5736:Interchanges 5680:Route number 5588:Country lane 5330:Bike freeway 5231: 5204: 5119: 5085:FHWA.dot.gov 5045:. 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