115:("Memories for the history of the Spanish armies in Peru") by peninsular official Andrés García Camba (1846) detailed the radical change that the events in Upper Peru produced in the viceroy's defensive plans. After a long campaign in the battles of Tarabuquillo, Sala, Cotagaita, and finally La Lava on August 17, 1824, both royalists forces of Viceroyalty Peru (liberals) and of the provinces of Upper Peru (absolutists) were decimated.
63:, Spain. His family actively engaged in the colonial trade, and several of his uncles and cousins established themselves in Chuquisaca, Tupiza and Cusco, creating a vast trade network. In 1789 he emigrated to South America with his uncle Pedro Marquegui, a merchant trading the route between Cádiz and La Plata via Buenos Aires. Olañeta settled in the area of
99:, Olañeta rejected the authority of La Serna and proclaimed himself "the only defender of throne and altar". Olañeta then ordered an attack of the Upper Peruvian royalists on the constitutionalists in the Peruvian viceroyalty. The Viceroy de La Serna was forced to change his plans of going down to the coast to fight Bolívar and sent
47:. His support for Spanish absolutism and rebellion against the moderate Royalists created conflicts within the Royalist army that aided the rebels. After the defeat of the main Royalist armies, he continued the resistance, becoming one of the last Royalist commanders to hold out. Olañeta was the last
127:, who was isolated in Junín on August 6 of 1824. Unrelenting prosecution of the war started, with the consequent desertion of 2700 royalists, who immediately went over to the independentists. Finally, October 7 of 1824, having his troops right in front of the doors of
158:, fighting with a few hundred men against many of his own ex-troops led by Colonel Carlos Medinaceli, who had defected to the patriots. He died the following day. This battle of the war of independence was the last engagement in an open field by regular armies in
135:, and he withdrew to Lima in order to negotiate more loans to keep the war going in Peru, and to receive a Colombian division of 4000 men provided by Páez, which arrived after the Battle of Ayacucho, where the patriot forces won the day.
71:, becoming a prosperous trader. In 1803 he became Sargent Mayor in the Cavallry of the urban militia of Santiago de Cotagaita, Potosi province. When the war of independence broke out he was ascended to Brigadier General.
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Bolivar, having news of Olañeta's actions, took advantage of the dismantling of the royalist defensive system so that he "moved the whole month of May to Jauja", and faced
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against his former subordinate "because there are indications of a meditated treason, joining the dissidents of Buenos Aires".
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Abarca, José. "Los militares ante la élite. Imagen y modalidades de captación en Perú y Chile. (1817–1824)".
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260:"Los militares ante la élite Imagen y modalidades de captación en Perú y Chile (1817–1824)"
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called a congress of Upper Peru and saw the creation of a new nation,
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207:"Pedro Antonio de Olañeta Marquiegui | Real Academia de la Historia"
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occurred in 1810 he sided with the
Royalists, commanded by General
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After the decisive defeat of the main royalist armies in the
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Memorias para la historia de las armas españolas en el Perú
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who fought against the South
American insurgency led by
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in 1821. After the liberal revolution in Spain under
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Olañeta was born in a small mountain village in the
293:(in Spanish). Revista Hispania Nova. Núm. 6. 2006.
162:. Unaware of his death, Fernando VII appointed him
142:, Olañeta continued a hopeless resistance against
193:The State and Underdevelopment in Spanish America
291:Hispania Nova: Revista de Historia Contemporánea
39:) was a Royalist commander in the army of the
326:Royalists in the Hispanic American Revolution
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103:with a force of 5,000 veterans to cross the
336:Spanish military personnel killed in action
331:People of the Peruvian War of Independence
280:; Manuel Burga; Margarita Garrido (2004).
91:, then to brigadier general under Viceroy
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17:Pedro Antonio de Olañeta y Marquiegui
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284:(in Spanish). Publicado por Libresa.
231:The Independence of Spanish America
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148:Campaign of Sucre in Upper Peru
164:Viceroy of the Rio de la Plata
49:Viceroy of the Río de la Plata
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93:José de la Serna e Hinojosa
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282:Historia de América Andina
265:(in Spanish). Hispanianova
191:Friedman, Douglas (2019).
27:– April 2, 1825 in
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85:José Manuel de Goyeneche
341:People from Debagoiena
229:Jaime E. Rodríguez O.
346:Spanish army officers
168:Antonio José de Sucre
119:Continuing resistance
166:. After the battle
140:Battle of Ayacucho
75:Royalist commander
19:(1774 in Elgueta,
156:Battle of Tumusla
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105:Desaguadero River
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97:Fernando VII
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321:1825 deaths
316:1774 births
310:Categories
269:2009-05-09
239:0521626730
216:2022-09-22
211:dbe.rah.es
178:References
55:Early life
299:1138-7319
150:(today's
79:When the
21:Gipuzkoa
249:Bolívar
172:Bolivia
152:Bolivia
37:Bolivia
29:Tumusla
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65:Potosí
263:(PDF)
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69:Salta
25:Spain
295:ISSN
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