272:
237:, Romero de Terreros volunteered to provide initial funding for the effort. He agreed to give 150,000 pesos to support twenty missionaries over a three-year-period and to purchase all church furnishings and other necessities. In return, he asked that the missionaries come from the College of San Fernando de México and the College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro, and that his cousin, Father Alonso Giraldo de Terreros, be given responsibility for the mission.
109:, Spain, on June 28, 1710, the fifth (of six) child and fourth son of Ana Gómez and José Romero de Terreros. His parents had little land or wealth but were related to the two largest landowners in Cortegana. Pedro and his brothers were all literate, although no documentation has been found as to how they were educated. Pedro showed signs of having a superior intellect, and his parents originally considered having him trained for the priesthood.
175:
Romero de
Terreros promised to give her 50,000 pesos if he died first, and, as a wedding present, gave her a large amount of jewelry, including two dresses covered in diamonds, and sponsored dowries for several young women to join convents in the city. The wedding celebration lasted two days and cost over 66,000 pesos, much more than Romero de Terreros would later pay for his home in Mexico City. The ceremony was officiated by the
28:
116:. There would have been little opportunity for advancement, and the pay would have been very low. As a younger son, Romero de Terreros would not have received the same support from his parents as his elder brothers received, and he would have needed to find his own way. Several members of his extended family had previously emigrated to the
136:
would receive one-third of the profits from any future business, with the rest to be shared by Vázquez's children. In the will, Vázquez praised Romero de
Terreros for his "activity, accuracy, and good work". By 1747, however, he settled his uncle's estate; money from the sale of the businesses was distributed to Vazquez's children.
135:
On his arrival, Pedro learned that his uncle was almost bankrupt; rather than being trained, Pedro was instead almost immediately given full authority over his uncle's businesses. After his uncle's death in 1735, Romero de
Terreros administered the estate. According to the will, Romero de Terreros
174:
On June 29, 1756, Romero de
Terreros married noblewoman MarĂa Antonia de Trebuesto y Dávalos. The bride was the youngest daughter of the Countess of Miravalle, whose family had lived in Mexico for over 150 years. The Miravalle family was in dire financial straits, so Trebuesto was given no dowry.
123:
About 1730, Romero de
Terreros journeyed to Mexico. According to a contemporary account, Romero de Terreros's trip may originally have been to settle his brother's estate, but he chose to stay and assist his uncle. On his arrival, he followed local practice of recent European immigrants using the
308:
Terreros has been the subject of many biographies, starting with an 1858 tome written by his great-grandson, Juan RamĂłn Romero de
Terreros. Another of his descendants, Manuel Romero de Terreros, wrote the first modern biography of him in 1943, but Courturier calls this book "a hagiographic and
271:
228:
Romero de
Terreros attempted to endow a convent on the grounds of the College of San Fernando de MĂ©xico in 1756, but the head of the seminary refused the request. After hearing that authorities were considering establishing a mission to the
240:
After three years, the government would pay mission expenses, and the government would also fund a garrison to protect the missionaries. Unlike most missions, this one would report to the viceroy instead of the governor.
275:
The destruction of the mission of San Sabá in the province of Texas. Oil on canvas. 237 x 527.5 cm. ca. 1765. Museo
Nacional de Arte, Mexico. An English translation of the inscription is found on the article on painter
300:
Beginning in 1750, Romero de
Terreros retained every letter addressed to him as well as most of his written business records. His descendants preserved this archive. Some of the records now reside at
292:, the painting is "the only such work executed in Mexico in the mid-1700s that attempted to document a contemporary historical event". It remained in the Terreros family for the next 200 years.
120:
and operated successful businesses there, and his eldest brother
Francisco had emigrated in 1723 to work for their uncle Juan Vázquez Terreros; Francisco died in Mexico in 1728.
305:, while the rest remain with the family. According to his biographer Edith Boorstein Couturier, "no equivalent archives exist for other important eighteenth-century figures".
166:
granted Romero de Terreros a special exemption so that he could be inducted into the order from Querétaro rather than have to travel to Spain for the ceremony.
309:
uncritical account". In the decades since, Terreros has been written about several times, largely in terms of his impact into labor relations within Mexico.
252:
Besides his support for the Catholic Church in Mexico, Romero de Terreros also gave funds to civil authorities. He funded a battleship for the Spanish navy.
144:
Romero de Terreros showed an affinity for making money and soon brought the businesses back into profitability. In 1741, he began to invest in the Pachuca-
148:
silver mines, along with his business partner Jose Alejandro Bustamante. As his personal wealth rose, so did his social status. He served as
895:
852:
752:
719:
286:
The Destruction of Mission San Sabá in the Province of Texas and the Martyrdom of the Fathers Alonso Giraldo de Terreros, Joseph Santiesteban
210:
284:
In 1762, Romero de Terreros commissioned a painting to honor his cousin who had died in the attack on the San Sabá mission. The resulting
221:, an Italian Capuchin friar, who had been sent to Mexico by the Propaganda Fide to solicit alms he gave permission to do so at his mine at
206:
845:
The Regla papers: an indexed guide to the papers of the Romero de Terreros family and other colonial and early national Mexican families
810:
792:
631:
242:
185:
Romero de Terreros lobbied very hard to be elevated to the nobility. His request was granted in 1768, when he was named the first
890:
880:
900:
302:
155:
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128:", a title which in Spain was reserved for the minor nobility (hidalgos). Romero de Terreros joined his uncle in
784:
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885:
256:
113:
97:(1710–1781), the first Count of Regla, was a mining magnate and philanthropist in 18th century Mexico.
179:
245:
was established in 1757. The mission was destroyed, and Father Terreros killed, the following year by
875:
870:
820:
176:
186:
576:. Ed. Robert Ryal Miller and William J. Orr. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 2000, pp. 155-56.
218:
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who were angered that the Spanish had allied with the Comanche's traditional enemies, the Apache.
159:
744:
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182:. The couple had nine children before Trebuesto died from complications of childbirth in 1766.
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is the earliest painting known to depict a historical event in Texas. According to the
737:
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78:
27:
864:
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in Mexico. From 1745 through 1781 he gave 41,933 pesos to the Franciscan seminary
163:
574:
Daily Life in Colonial Mexico: The Journey of Friar Ilarione da Bergamo, 1761-1768
780:
260:
803:
The Silver King: The Remarkable Life of the Count of Regla in Colonial Mexico
263:, as an attempt to provide interest-free or low-interest loans to the poor.
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106:
67:
45:
626:. Vol. 10. Mexico City: Encyclopædia Britannica. pp. 5699–5701.
246:
214:
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821:""Escenas de Martirio": Notes on The Destruction of Mission San Saba"
112:
It is likely that Romero de Terreros began his career as a clerk in
270:
49:
739:
The States of Mexico: a reference guide to history and culture
622:
Alvarez, Jose Rogelio (2000). "Nacional Piedad de Monte".
255:
Between 1774 and 1777, Romero de Terreros established the
201:
In the 1740s Romero de Terreros became a patron of the
831:(4), Texas State Historical Association: 507–534
158:, and in 1752 was given an honorary knighthood in the
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843:Guido, John F.; Stark, Lawrence R., eds. (1994),
213:, as well as 100,000 pesos for the monastery in
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8:
714:. Cambridge University Press. p. 116.
88:Count of Regla, magnate and philanthropist
26:
15:
209:and another 91,023 pesos to the seminary
330:
743:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
847:, Washington State University Press,
105:Pedro Romero de Terreros was born in
7:
664:, Texas State Historical Association
132:, the third largest city in Mexico.
801:Couturier, Edith Boorstein (2003),
805:, University of New Mexico Press,
211:College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro
14:
825:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
207:College of San Fernando de MĂ©xico
819:Ratcliffe, Sam D. (April 1991),
259:, a charitable institution and
777:Spanish Texas, 1519–1821
243:Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá
1:
191:Conde de Santa MarĂa de Regla
896:18th-century philanthropists
775:Chipman, Donald E. (1992),
711:A concise history of Mexico
658:"San Saba Mission Painting"
594:Chipman, pp. 158–159.
481:Couturier, pp. 41–42.
472:quoted in Couturier, p. 39.
463:Couturier, pp. 39–40.
303:Washington State University
917:
785:University of Texas Press
708:Brian R. Hamnett (2006).
25:
564:Couturier, pp. 104, 110.
95:Pedro Romero de Terreros
39:Pedro Romero de Terreros
20:Pedro Romero de Terreros
891:People of Spanish Texas
881:Mexican philanthropists
735:Peter Standish (2009).
624:Enciclopedia de Mexico
281:
180:Manuel Rubio y Salinas
901:People from New Spain
274:
217:. He met with friar
114:Puerto de Santa MarĂa
759:pedro romero strike.
177:Archbishop of Mexico
656:Ratcliffe, Sam D.,
219:Ilarione da Bergamo
674:Ratcliffe, p. 517.
646:Ratcliffe, p. 532.
612:Ratcliffe, p. 534.
603:Ratcliffe, p. 516.
585:Ratcliffe, p. 513.
546:Ratcliffe, p. 512.
454:Ratcliffe, p. 511.
385:Ratcliffe, p. 514.
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160:Order of Calatrava
854:978-0-87422-111-4
754:978-0-313-34223-3
721:978-0-521-61802-1
662:Handbook of Texas
555:Couturier, p. 99.
532:Couturier, p. 97.
523:Couturier, p. 96.
511:Couturier, p. 95.
502:Couturier, p. 98.
490:Couturier, p. 40.
436:Couturier, p. 26.
427:Couturier, p. 24.
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403:Couturier, p. 22.
394:Couturier, p. 20.
373:Couturier, p. 13.
364:Couturier, p. 14.
352:Couturier, p. 31.
340:Couturier, p. 12.
290:Handbook of Texas
146:Mineral del Monte
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42:June 28, 1710
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278:José de Páez
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231:Lipan Apache
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164:Ferdinand VI
149:
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111:
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94:
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876:1781 deaths
871:1710 births
124:honorific "
75:Nationality
865:Categories
781:Austin, TX
325:References
101:Early life
233:tribe in
156:Querétaro
130:Querétaro
118:New World
107:Cortegana
68:New Spain
46:Cortegana
313:See also
261:pawnshop
247:Comanche
769:Sources
215:Pachuca
151:alcalde
79:Spanish
851:
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296:Legacy
140:Career
64:Huasca
50:Spain
849:ISBN
807:ISBN
789:ISBN
749:ISBN
716:ISBN
628:ISBN
60:1781
57:Died
35:Born
745:176
267:Art
193:).
154:of
126:don
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189:(
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