135:. In the absence of disease, desquamation occurs when corneocytes are individually shed unnoticeably from the surface of the skin. Typically the time it takes for a corneocyte to be formed and then shed is about 14 weeks but this time can vary depending on the anatomical location that the skin is covering. For example, desquamation occurs more slowly at acral (palm and sole) surfaces and more rapidly where the skin is thin, such as the eyelids. Normal desquamation can be visualized by immersing skin in warm or hot water. This induces the outermost layer of corneocytes to shed, such as is the case after a hot shower or bath.
257:
151:. Kallikreins are serine proteases. They are packaged within lamellar bodies and released into the intercellular space between the keratinocytes as they transition into becoming corneocytes. To prevent premature desquamation, granular layer keratinocytes also produce kallikrein-inhibitory proteins. At acral surfaces, desquamation occurs more slowly because granular layer keratinocytes downregulate expression of KLK1 and KLK7 and upregulate expression of protease inhibitors, including the KLK5-specific
245:
229:
62:
222:. Desquamation is also abnormal in patients with immune-mediated skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Abnormal desquamation often results in scale formation on the skin's surface. Lipid composition alterations in scale have been used to construct diagnostic models for human skin disease.
163:
Scale forms on the skin surface in various disease settings, and is the result of abnormal desquamation. In pathologic desquamation, such as that seen in X-linked ichthyosis, the stratum corneum becomes thicker (hyperkeratosis), imparting a "dry" or scaly appearance to the skin, and instead of
488:
Merleev, Alexander A.; Le, Stephanie T.; Alexanian, Claire; Toussi, Atrin; Xie, Yixuan; Marusina, Alina I.; Watkins, Steven M.; Patel, Forum; Billi, Allison C.; Wiedemann, Julie; Izumiya, Yoshihiro; Kumar, Ashish; Uppala, Ranjitha; Kahlenberg, J. Michelle; Liu, Fu-Tong (2022-08-22).
138:
Corneocytes are held together by corneodesmosomes. In order for desquamation to occur these corneodesmosome connections must be degraded. Keratinocytes residing in the stratum granulosum produce corneodesmosome-degrading kallikrein family members, especially
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791:
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1153:
777:
256:
155:
and the cysteine protease inhibitors CSTA and CST3. Slowing the process of corneocyte desquamation allows acral (palm and sole) skin to form a thick protective stratum corneum.
127:, the outermost layer of the skin. Living keratinocytes reside in the basal, spinous, or granular layers of the epidermis. The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the
228:
244:
644:
1148:
1027:
491:"Biogeographic and disease-specific alterations in epidermal lipid composition and single-cell analysis of acral keratinocytes"
211:
670:
Lynnerup, Niels; Kjeldsen, Henrik; Heegaard, Steffen; Jacobsen, Christina; Heinemeier, Jan (2008). Gazit, Ehud (ed.).
1089:
215:
1064:
672:"Radiocarbon Dating of the Human Eye Lens Crystallines Reveal Proteins without Carbon Turnover throughout Life"
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164:
detaching as single cells, corneocytes are shed in clusters, which forms visible scales. Desquamation of the
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fades, there is desquamation. Skin peeling typically follows healing of a first degree
97:
30:
This article is about the medical condition. For the meaning in material sciences, see
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843:
572:
547:
235:
193:
434:
Jackson, Simon M.; Williams, Mary L.; Feingold, Kenneth R.; Elias, Peter M. (1993).
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61:
1007:
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17:
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31:
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352:"Multiscale modelling of desquamation in the interfollicular epidermis"
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210:. Other serious skin diseases involving extreme desquamation include
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and it is composed of terminally differentiated keratinocytes, the
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Miller, Claire; Crampin, Edmund; Osborne, James M. (August 2022).
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262:
Desquamation of skin on the finger, caused by the popping of an
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173:
148:
144:
140:
109:
90:
773:
283:, may undergo pathological desquamation in diseases such as
89:, is the shedding of dead cells from the outermost layer of
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Desquamation of skin on fingertips, caused by scarlet fever
621:
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (2005-06-30).
595:
Parillo, Steven J; Parillo, Catherine V. (2010-05-25).
546:
Dinges, MM; Orwin, PM; Schlievert, PM (January 2000).
730:
1103:
978:
935:
912:
864:
815:
734:
645:"Dry Eye: Natural History, Diagnosis and Treatment"
68:
51:
46:
647:. Wolters Kluwer Pharma Solutions. Archived from
1154:Symptoms and signs: Skin and subcutaneous tissue
785:
429:
427:
425:
423:
8:
792:
778:
770:
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60:
43:
34:. For onion skin weathering of rocks, see
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571:
522:
451:
403:
385:
367:
234:Desquamation of skin on hands, caused by
643:Gilbard, Jeffrey P. (November 1, 2003).
206:, can cause severe desquamation; so can
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224:
436:"Pathobiology of the Stratum Corneum"
7:
548:"Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus"
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
275:Certain eye tissues, including the
172:of the skin. For example, once the
218:(TEN). Radiation can cause dry or
25:
123:are the predominant cells of the
255:
243:
227:
1028:Florid cutaneous papillomatosis
558:(1): 16–34, table of contents.
440:The Western Journal of Medicine
1:
552:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
697:10.1371/journal.pone.0001529
623:"Cutaneous Radiation Injury"
387:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010368
168:may result from disease or
1170:
597:"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome"
507:10.1172/jci.insight.159762
356:PLOS Computational Biology
291:makes desquamation of the
216:toxic epidermal necrolysis
29:
59:
1149:Dermatologic terminology
1090:Wolf's isotopic response
212:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
116:Physiologic desquamation
305:Desquamative gingivitis
192:, a potentially fatal
287:. The anatomy of the
203:Staphylococcus aureus
159:Abnormal desquamation
104: 'to scrape the
96:The term is from
36:Onion-skin weathering
1095:Munro's microabscess
1055:Koebner's phenomenon
322:—flaking of the skin
190:Toxic shock syndrome
1113:Aldrich-Mees' lines
809:subcutaneous tissue
688:2008PLoSO...3.1529L
651:on January 30, 2013
564:10.1128/cmr.13.1.16
378:2022PLSCB..18E0368M
198:bacterial infection
1023:Fitzpatrick's sign
1013:Dennie–Morgan fold
887:Livedo reticularis
801:Signs and symptoms
315:Moist desquamation
220:moist desquamation
1136:
1135:
1065:Leser-Trelat sign
1040:Hutchinson's sign
988:Asboe-Hansen sign
767:
766:
310:Exfoliation joint
208:mercury poisoning
80:
79:
41:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1161:
1123:Muehrcke's lines
1003:Braverman's sign
922:Peripheral edema
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285:dry eye syndrome
264:acute paronychia
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501:(16): e159762.
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362:(8): e1010368.
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129:stratum corneum
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1085:Wickham striae
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1080:Russell's sign
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1060:Koplik's spots
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1045:Janeway lesion
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1035:Gottron's sign
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819:skin sensation
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735:Classification
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1128:Terry's nails
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1075:Pastia's sign
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1018:Darier's sign
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844:Hyperesthesia
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446:(3): 279–85.
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236:scarlet fever
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194:immune system
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121:Keratinocytes
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19:
1118:Beau's lines
948:Desquamation
947:
856:Hyperalgesia
827:Hypoesthesia
803:relating to
747:
682:(1): e1529.
679:
675:
665:
653:. Retrieved
649:the original
638:
627:. Retrieved
616:
605:. Retrieved
600:
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555:
551:
541:
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494:
443:
439:
359:
355:
345:
295:impossible.
274:
201:
162:
137:
119:
101:
95:
87:peeling skin
86:
83:Desquamation
82:
81:
55:Skin peeling
47:Desquamation
27:Skin peeling
18:Peeling skin
1050:Kerr's sign
958:Diaphoresis
865:Circulation
851:Hypoalgesia
837:Formication
832:Paresthesia
655:February 3,
495:JCI Insight
277:conjunctiva
133:corneocytes
75:Dermatology
52:Other names
1143:Categories
1008:Crowe sign
953:Induration
629:2011-05-15
607:2010-09-06
369:2107.08575
337:References
320:Pityriasis
102:desquamare
968:Neck mass
904:Blanching
603:. Medcape
601:eMedicine
515:2379-3708
396:1553-7358
289:human eye
238:infection
166:epidermis
125:epidermis
70:Specialty
927:Anasarca
899:Petechia
894:Flushing
872:Cyanosis
716:18231610
676:PLOS ONE
582:10627489
533:35900871
414:36037236
326:Spalling
299:See also
200:such as
32:spalling
707:2211393
684:Bibcode
524:9462509
462:8460510
453:1311754
405:9462764
374:Bibcode
331:Sunburn
186:sunburn
178:measles
882:Livedo
877:Pallor
714:
704:
580:
570:
531:
521:
513:
460:
450:
412:
402:
394:
281:cornea
170:injury
153:SPINK9
147:, and
108:off a
106:scales
1105:Nails
936:Other
914:Edema
758:R23.4
625:. CDC
573:88931
364:arXiv
100:
98:Latin
93:.
85:, or
980:Skin
963:Mass
943:Rash
807:and
805:skin
712:PMID
657:2012
578:PMID
529:PMID
511:ISSN
458:PMID
410:PMID
392:ISSN
293:lens
279:and
271:Eyes
214:and
182:burn
174:rash
149:KLK7
145:KLK5
141:KLK1
110:fish
91:skin
749:ICD
702:PMC
692:doi
568:PMC
560:doi
519:PMC
503:doi
448:PMC
444:158
400:PMC
382:doi
184:or
176:of
112:'.
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556:13
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550:.
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493:.
470:^
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360:18
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
