534:. Depending on the field, journal and paper, the paper is sent to 1–3 reviewers for evaluation before they can be granted permission to publish. Reviewers are expected to check the paper for soundness of its scientific argument, including whether the author(s) are sufficiently acquainted with recent relevant research that bears on their study, whether the data was collected or considered appropriately and reproducibly, and whether the data discussed supports the conclusion offered and the implications suggested. Novelty is also key: existing work must be appropriately considered and referenced, and new results improving on the state of the art presented. Reviewers are usually unpaid and not a part of the journal staff—instead, they should be "peers", i.e. researchers in the same field as the paper in question.
700:
62:
880:. One definition of electronic publishing is in the context of the scientific journal. It is the presentation of scholarly scientific results in only an electronic (non-paper) form. This is from its first write-up, or creation, to its publication or dissemination. The electronic scientific journal is specifically designed to be presented on the internet. It is defined as not being previously printed material adapted, or retooled, and then delivered electronically.
972:, permitting access from anywhere in the university, and, with appropriate authorization, by university-affiliated users at home or elsewhere. These may be quite expensive, sometimes much more than the cost for a print subscription, although this may reflect the number of people who will be using the license—while a print subscription is the cost for one person to receive the journal; a site-license can allow thousands of people to gain access.
979:, also known as not-for-profit-publishers, usually cost less than commercial publishers, but the prices of their scientific journals are still usually several thousand dollars a year. In general, this money is used to fund the activities of the scientific societies that run such journals, or is invested in providing further scholarly resources for scientists; thus, the money remains in and benefits the scientific sphere.
639:
409:
313:
1036:, also grant the author the right to post and update the article on the author's or employer's website and on free e-print servers, to grant permission to others to use or reuse figures, and even to reprint the article as long as no fee is charged. The rise of open access journals, in which the author retains the copyright but must pay a publication charge, such as the
566:, have a reputation of publishing articles that mark a fundamental breakthrough in their respective fields. In many fields, a formal or informal hierarchy of scientific journals exists; the most prestigious journal in a field tends to be the most selective in terms of the articles it will select for publication, and usually will also have the highest
209:). They also deal with research, and are peer reviewed. Meanwhile, trade journals are aimed at people in different fields, focusing on how people in these fields can do their jobs better. They additionally cover information related to work, and include tips and advice for improving performance, but they are not scholarly.
295:
first reading the title, to see if it was related to the desired topic. If it was, the next step is to read the abstract (or summary or conclusion, if the abstract is missing), to see if the article is worth reading. Then, if it seems like reading it would be worthwhile, the reader would then read the whole article.
915:
Other improvements, benefits and unique values of electronically publishing the scientific journal are easy availability of supplementary materials (data, graphics and video), lower cost, and availability to more people, especially scientists from non-developed countries. Hence, research results from
373:
Articles in scientific journals can be used in research and higher education. Scientific articles allow researchers to keep up to date with the developments of their field and direct their own research. An essential part of a scientific article is citation of earlier work. The impact of articles and
217:
Articles in scientific journals are mostly written by active scientists such as students, researchers, and professors. Their intended audience is others in the field (such as students and experts), meaning their content is more advanced and sophisticated than what is found regular publications. They
1027:
Even if they retain the copyright to an article, most journals allow certain rights to their authors. These rights usually include the ability to reuse parts of the paper in the author's future work, and allow the author to distribute a limited number of copies. In the print format, such copies are
930:
There is usually a delay of several months after an article is written before it is published in a journal, making paper journals not an ideal format for announcing the latest research. Many journals now publish the final papers in their electronic version as soon as they are ready, without waiting
926:
One form is the online equivalent of the conventional paper journal. By 2006, almost all scientific journals have, while retaining their peer-review process, established electronic versions; a number have moved entirely to electronic publication. In a similar manner, most academic libraries buy the
768:
on a particular topic into a coherent narrative about the state of the art in that field. Review articles provide information about the topic and also provide journal references to the original research. Reviews may be entirely narrative, or may provide quantitative summary estimates resulting from
529:
The authors of scientific articles are active researchers instead of journalists; typically, a graduate student or a researcher writes a paper with a professor. As such, the authors are unpaid and receive no compensation from the journal. However, their funding bodies may require them to publish in
382:
classes can consist of the presentation by each student of a classic or current paper. Schoolbooks and textbooks have been written usually only on established topics, while the latest research and more obscure topics are only accessible through scientific articles. In a scientific research group or
755:
contain a large volume of tabular data that is the result of current research and may be dozens or hundreds of pages with mostly numerical data. Some journals now only publish this data electronically on the
Internet. Supplemental information also contains other voluminous material not appropriate
469:
Articles tend to be highly technical, representing the latest theoretical research and experimental results in the field of science covered by the journal. They are often incomprehensible to anyone except for researchers in the field and advanced students. In some subjects this is inevitable given
294:
Scientific journal articles are not usually read casually like a person would read a magazine. Whereas magazine articles can be read in a more casual manner, reading an article in a scientific periodical requires a lot more concentration. Reading an article in a scientific journal usually entails
87:
designed to further the progress of science by disseminating new research findings to the scientific community. These journals serve as a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to share their latest discoveries, insights, and methodologies across a multitude of scientific disciplines.
883:
Electronic publishing will likely continue to exist alongside paper publishing for the foreseeable future, since whilst output to a screen is important for browsing and searching, it is not well suited for extensive reading. Formats suitable both for reading on paper, and for manipulation by the
591:
or carried out under changed conditions of measurement. While the ability to reproduce the results based only on details included in the article is expected, verification of reproducibility by a third party is not generally required for publication. The reproducibility of results presented in an
298:
Publishing research results is an essential part of helping science to advance. If scientists are describing experiments or calculations, they should also explain how they did them so that an independent researcher could repeat the experiment or calculation to verify the results, or so that they
604:
require independent reproduction of the results presented as part of the review process. The inability for independent researches to reproduce published results is widespread, with 70% of researchers reporting failure to reproduce another scientist's results, including more than half who report
474:
are enforced by the editors; however, these rules may vary from journal to journal, especially between journals from different publishers. Articles are usually either original articles reporting completely new results or reviews of current literature. There are also scientific publications that
154:
Scientific journals not only contribute to the dissemination and archival of scientific knowledge but also play a critical role in the academic and research careers of scientists. They are instrumental in keeping researchers informed about the latest developments in their field, supporting the
911:
Electronic counterparts of established print journals already promote and deliver rapid dissemination of peer-reviewed and edited, "published" articles. Other journals, whether spin-offs of established print journals, or created as electronic only, have come into existence promoting the rapid
2242:
reach a tiny audience, libraries are floundering under budget pressures, academics are pursuing careers rather than truth, and readers are not getting all the information they deserve." (p. 74.) Writes
Darnton: "Most scientific research is subsidized by the federal government." Under a 2022
1023:
movement, found this unsatisfactory, and have used their influence to effect a gradual move towards a license to publish instead. Under such a system, the publisher has permission to edit, print, and distribute the article commercially, but the authors retain the other rights themselves.
218:
have different purposes, depending on the type. Articles with original research are meant to share it with others in the field, review articles give summaries of research that has already been done, and perspective articles give researchers' views on research that their peers performed.
143:, each serving distinct purposes within the academic landscape. The advent of electronic publishing has further expanded the reach and accessibility of scientific journals, enabling more efficient dissemination and retrieval of information, while also addressing challenges related to
520:
did not begin until the 1970s, and was seen as a way of enabling researchers who were not as well-known to have their papers published in journals that were more prestigious. Though it was originally done by mailing copies of papers to reviewers, it is now done online.
391:. Public funding bodies often require the results to be published in scientific journals. Academic credentials for promotion into academic ranks are established in large part by the number and impact of scientific articles published. Many doctoral programs allow for
854:. In addition, some journals will include an editorial section and a section for letters to the editor. While these are articles published within a journal, in general they are not regarded as scientific journal articles because they have not been peer-reviewed.
489:
In the 17th century, scientists wrote letters to each other, and included scientific ideas with them. Then, in the mid-17th century, scientists began to hold meetings and share their scientific ideas. Eventually, they led to starting organizations, such as the
586:
of the scientific results are core concepts that allow other scientists to check and reproduce the results under the same conditions described in the paper or at least similar conditions and produce similar results with similar measurements of the same
530:
scientific journals. The paper is submitted to the journal office, where the editor considers the paper for appropriateness, potential scientific impact and novelty. If the journal's editor considers the paper appropriate, the paper is submitted to
204:
Although scientific journals are superficially similar to professional magazines (or trade journals), they are actually quite different. Among other things, scientific journals' papers' authors are experts who must cite everything (and have a
967:
Many scientists and librarians have long protested the cost of journals, especially as they see these payments going to large for-profit publishing houses. To allow their researchers online access to journals, many universities purchase
744:
are usually between five and twenty pages and are complete descriptions of current original research findings, but there are considerable variations between scientific fields and journals—80-page articles are not rare in mathematics or
116:, the publication of scientific journals has evolved significantly, playing a pivotal role in the advancement of scientific knowledge, fostering academic discourse, and facilitating collaboration within the scientific community.
999:. However, professional editors still have to be paid, and PLoS still relies heavily on donations from foundations to cover the majority of its operating costs; smaller journals do not often have access to such resources.
475:
bridge the gap between articles and books by publishing thematic volumes of chapters from different authors. Many journals have a regional focus, specializing in publishing papers from a particular geographic region, like
1018:
to the journal publisher. Publishers claimed this was necessary in order to protect authors' rights, and to coordinate permissions for reprints or other use. However, many authors, especially those active in the
172:
There are thousands of scientific journals in publication, with one estimate from 2012 indicating that there were 28,100 that were active, and many more have been published at various points in the past (see
912:
dissemination capability, and availability, on the
Internet. In tandem with this is the speeding up of peer review, copyediting, page makeup, and other steps in the process to support rapid dissemination.
2013:
1969:
1548:
1210:
119:
As of 2012, it is estimated that over 28,100 active scientific journals are in publication, covering a broad spectrum of disciplines from the general sciences, as seen in journals like
801:
are a recent addition to practice of scientific publications. They most often combine an online video demonstration of a new technique or protocol with a rigorous textual description.
756:
for the main body of the article, like descriptions of routine procedures, derivations of equations, source code, non-essential data, spectra or other such miscellaneous information.
592:
article is therefore judged implicitly by the quality of the procedures reported and agreement with the data provided. However, some journals in the field of chemistry such as
570:. In some countries, journal rankings can be utilized for funding decisions and even evaluation of individual researchers, although they are poorly suited for that purpose.
810:
2036:
279:
Conclusion, comments, or discussion, which both explain how the results answered the questions that were posed, as well as areas that could be researched in the future;
1990:
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1105:
705:
506:
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2801:
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are articles dedicated to describe datasets. This type of article is becoming popular and journals exclusively dedicated to them have been established, e.g.
2005:
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728:) are short descriptions of important current research findings that are usually fast-tracked for immediate publication because they are considered urgent.
1429:
1139:
1961:
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on May 23. The tide is turning in favor of unrestricted access, but the countervailing forces are so complex that the future remains cloudy." (p. 73.)
1537:
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will include a news section where scientific developments (often involving political issues) are described. These articles are often written by
1202:
299:
could evaluate whatever the research article's findings were. Each such journal article also becomes part of the permanent scientific record.
1859:
1649:
1731:
2174:
D.W. King et al. "Scientific
Journals in the United States: their Production, Use, and Economics". Stroudsberg, PA: Hutchinson-Ross, 1981
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There are several types of journal article; the exact terminology and definitions vary by field and specific journal, but often include:
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334:
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1395:
2634:
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2179:
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456:
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Moreover, electronic publishing of scientific journals has been accomplished without compromising the standards of the refereed,
2164:
R.E. Abel et al. "Scholarly
Publishing: Books Journals, Publishers, and Libraries in the Twentieth Century". N.Y.: Wiley, 2002.
2103:
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for the assembly of a complete issue, as is necessary with paper. In many fields in which even greater speed is wanted, such as
2028:
1849:
1761:
1342:
2581:
1624:
995:
664:
434:
338:
1266:
1174:
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reader's computer will need to be integrated. Many journals are electronically available in formats readable on screen via
2831:
2062:
699:
2852:
2826:
2796:
2279:
2226:
746:
242:, including a background, why the research was done, research on this topic that has been done before, and (possibly) a
2791:
2137:
2124:
1450:
1100:
943:. Almost all such articles are eventually published in traditional journals, which still provide an important role in
174:
1167:"What's the difference between a scholarly journal, a professional journal, a peer reviewed journal, and a magazine?"
649:
419:
323:
2806:
2786:
1281:
495:
668:
653:
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423:
342:
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2723:
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562:
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2479:
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2058:
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provide a 'bridge' to the 'web-versions' in that they connect the content in PDF versions directly to the
500:
239:
2753:
2728:
2505:
2414:
2326:
1002:
Based on statistical arguments, it has been shown that electronic publishing online, and to some extent
605:
failing to reproduce their own experiments. Sources of irreproducibility vary, including publication of
531:
477:
392:
258:
194:
101:
89:
84:
35:
734:
are short descriptions of current research findings that are considered less urgent or important than
2821:
2743:
2708:
2662:
2550:
2510:
2495:
1796:
1326:
1006:, both provide wider dissemination and increase the average number of citations an article receives.
1359:
2344:
2302:
2196:
1913:
1883:
1085:
1060:
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via hyperlinks that are created 'on-the-fly'. The PDF version of an article is usually seen as the
628:
594:
542:
The standards that a journal uses to determine publication can vary widely. Some journals, such as
384:
131:, to highly specialized fields. These journals primarily publish peer-reviewed articles, including
76:
61:
2713:
2349:
1830:
1519:
1095:
989:
Concerns about cost and open access have led to the creation of free-access journals such as the
871:
867:
847:
815:
797:
471:
232:
916:
more developed nations are becoming more accessible to scientists from non-developed countries.
17:
2247:
directive, "As of
December 31, 2025, all agencies... must require immediate open access... The
197:, in an attempt to ensure that articles meet the journal's standards of quality and scientific
2769:
2657:
2624:
2445:
2366:
2175:
2165:
2155:
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1984:
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electronic version and purchase a paper copy only for the most important or most-used titles.
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789:
600:
550:
193:
across a wide range of scientific fields. Scientific journals contain articles that have been
179:
121:
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892:, suitable for printing and storing on a local desktop or laptop computer. New tools such as
2758:
2672:
2394:
2316:
2252:
2076:
1940:
1804:
1723:
1596:
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1493:
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962:
935:, the role of the journal at disseminating the latest research has largely been replaced by
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190:
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1384:
2733:
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describes the background for the research including a discussion of similar research. The
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156:
2192:
1927:
Pettifer, S.; McDermott, P.; Marsh, J.; Thorne, D.; Villeger, A.; Attwood, T.K. (2011).
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section places the research in context and describes avenues for further exploration.
395:, where the candidate is required to publish a certain number of scientific articles.
177:). Most journals are highly specialized, although some of the oldest journals such as
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2738:
2545:
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2399:
2384:
2266:
The cost of publishing in a scientific journal, some examples and recommended reading
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770:
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567:
514:, were founded in the 18th century, and the number has increased rapidly since then.
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Centaurus. International
Journal for the History of Science and its Cultural Aspects
1834:
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do not cover original research but rather accumulate the results of many different
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206:
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109:
1700:"Peer Review – A Historical Perspective : Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard"
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1929:"Ceci n'est pas un hamburger: modelling and representing the scholarly article"
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and replicability, and influencing the direction of future research endeavors.
2598:
2500:
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588:
387:
it is usual for the content of current scientific journals to be discussed in
243:
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1676:"LibGuides: Guide to Getting Published in Journals: Why publish in journals?"
1591:
1507:
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2239:
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1385:"The stm report: An oveview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing"
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began systematically publishing research results. Over a thousand, mostly
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International
Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers
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831:
section provides specific details of how the research was conducted. The
287:
254:
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section describes the outcome and implications of the research, and the
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2540:
2006:"Elsevier begins outreach as push-back on publisher threatens to widen"
1876:"JoVE - Peer Reviewed Scientific Video Journal - Methods and Protocols"
932:
379:
221:
Each article has several different sections, including the following:
2271:
2218:
Athena
Unbound: Why and How Scholarly Knowledge Should Be Free for All
2154:
A.J. Meadows, ed. The
Scientific Journal. London : Aslib, c1979.
1040:
family of journals, is another recent response to copyright concerns.
2677:
2440:
2430:
1945:
1928:
1338:
1014:
Traditionally, the author of an article was required to transfer the
863:
273:
2029:"Harvard University says it can't afford journal publishers' prices"
1809:
1784:
993:(PLoS) family and partly open or reduced-cost journals such as the
2748:
2409:
806:
805:
The formats of journal articles vary, but many follow the general
698:
60:
2238:
warns: journal publishers are gouging their customers, scholarly
45:"Science journal" redirects here. For the journal "Science", see
2457:
1575:"Art of reading a journal article: Methodically and effectively"
893:
556:
144:
2275:
1962:"The Internet and the Velocity of Scholarly Journal Publishing"
709:, the first journal in the world exclusively devoted to science
2088:
UPGRADE: The European Journal for the Informatics Professional
1422:"How to Choose Between General and Specialized Journals | AJE"
889:
632:
402:
306:
819:, which is a one-to-four-paragraph summary of the paper. The
2193:
Editorship and the Editing of Scientific Journals, 1750–1950
2248:
2230:, vol. LXX, no. 20 (21 December 2023), pp. 73–74. Reviewer
1028:
called reprints; in the electronic format, they are called
842:
In addition to the above, some scientific journals such as
1848:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering (2019-05-07).
957:
Academic publishing § Publishers and business aspects
112:
of the published content. With origins dating back to the
96:, scientific journals are characterized by their rigorous
2251:
leaders took a similar stand on May 14, 2023, as did the
1265:. Vol. 02. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 871–875.
1905:
947:, archiving papers, and establishing scientific credit.
2121:"APS Copyright Policies and Frequently Asked Questions"
1875:
470:
the nature of the content. Usually, rigorous rules of
1455:
Victor Valley College Library (Victor Valley College)
1203:"The (mostly true) origins of the scientific journal"
982:
Despite the transition to electronic publishing, the
2138:
Is it time to end copyright for scientific journals?
1545:
Marymount University Library & Learning Services
2779:
2701:
2643:
2607:
2564:
2488:
2423:
2375:
2337:
2309:
2081:"The Role of Public Administrations in The ICT Era"
876:Electronic publishing is a new area of information
1785:"1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility"
1308:Boyce, Peter B.; Heather Dalterio (January 1996).
811:International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
374:journals is often assessed by counting citations (
235:, which is a one-paragraph summary of the article;
1259:"Electronic Publishing of Scientific Manuscripts"
27:Periodical journal publishing scientific research
2212:, "The Dream of a Universal Library" (review of
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1106:San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment
1236:History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals
706:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
507:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1383:Ware, Mark, and Michael Mabe (November 2012).
1310:"Electronic Publishing of Scientific Journals"
2287:
8:
1989:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1851:Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
1625:"Publish or perish? - Understanding Science"
1286:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
908:, but the matter is subject to some debate.
1579:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
1071:Copyright policies of scientific publishers
667:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
437:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
341:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2294:
2280:
2272:
1313:(Article available to the public in HTML.)
1944:
1808:
1650:"How and Why Do Scientists Share Results"
1600:
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1497:
888:, as well as in portable document format
687:Learn how and when to remove this message
457:Learn how and when to remove this message
361:Learn how and when to remove this message
257:was done, details concerning the study's
52:. For the defunct "Science Journal", see
1325:(1). American Institute of Physics: 42.
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1263:Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry
1142:from the original on September 23, 2021
1118:
276:, which summarize what the study found;
2268:from OpenWetWare life scientists' wiki
1982:
1960:Swygart-Hobaugh, Rob Kling, Amanda J.
1734:from the original on 30 September 2017
1573:Subramanyam, RV (January–April 2013).
1401:from the original on December 24, 2012
1279:
703:Title page of the first volume of the
253:or method, which includes the way the
2802:Academic databases and search engines
2039:from the original on 7 December 2016.
1764:from the original on 27 November 2017
7:
1354:
1352:
1230:
1228:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1160:
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1126:
1124:
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665:adding citations to reliable sources
435:adding citations to reliable sources
339:adding citations to reliable sources
1654:National Multiple Sclerosis Society
1554:from the original on April 18, 2015
1538:"Major Parts of a Research Article"
1032:. Some publishers, for example the
2572:Academic journal publishing reform
1886:from the original on 22 March 2018
1482:"What Is the Value of Publishing?"
1457:. January 25, 2023. Archived from
1213:from the original on July 27, 2016
1136:American Psychological Association
100:process, which aims to ensure the
25:
2004:Weinstein, Deborah (1 Feb 2012).
1724:"Background - julkaisufoorumi.fi"
1629:University of California Berkeley
1177:from the original on May 24, 2018
1165:Lilla, Rick (November 11, 2022).
574:Reproducibility and replicability
2127:from the original on 2006-10-09.
2109:from the original on 2011-07-17.
2065:from the original on 2007-03-16.
2016:from the original on 2018-02-15.
1916:from the original on 2016-03-11.
1360:"Editorial and Journal Policies"
1345:from the original on 2011-04-10.
1201:Swoger, Bonnie (July 27, 2012).
637:
407:
311:
228:Information about the author(s);
38:. For scientific magazines, see
18:Peer-reviewed scientific journal
1972:from the original on 2016-10-27
1910:Scientific journal "Videonauka"
1432:from the original on 2020-08-11
1420:Panter, Michaela (2023-01-25).
1269:from the original on 2010-07-03
1171:Lock Haven University Libraries
1132:"What Are Scientific Journals?"
629:Categories of academic articles
213:Articles in scientific journals
1451:"What is a Scholarly Journal?"
996:Journal of High Energy Physics
813:. Such articles begin with an
724:, and not to be confused with
155:integrity of research through
1:
2832:Category:Scientific documents
2027:Sample, Ian (24 April 2012).
1906:"Научный журнал "Видеонаука""
963:Academic journal § Costs
2827:Category:Academic publishing
2227:The New York Review of Books
1257:Heller, Stephen, R. (1998).
747:theoretical computer science
498:(1666). In 1665, the French
65:Cover of the first issue of
1783:Baker, Monya (2016-05-01).
1480:Chan, Warren (2018-07-24).
1101:List of scientific journals
607:falsified or misrepresented
175:list of scientific journals
2879:
2863:17th-century introductions
2645:Indexes and search engines
1754:"FAQ - julkaisufoorumi.fi"
960:
954:
861:
809:scheme recommended by the
626:
620:
496:French Academy of Sciences
286:that the article's author
44:
30:For broader coverage, see
29:
1238:, 2nd ed. Scarecrow, 1976
1038:Public Library of Science
1034:American Physical Society
991:Public Library of Science
790:Earth System Science Data
578:For scientific journals,
40:List of science magazines
1592:10.4103/0973-029X.110733
1426:American Journal Experts
2858:Technical communication
2822:Style/formatting guides
2724:Scholarly communication
2424:Other publication types
1499:10.1021/acsnano.8b05296
771:meta-analytical methods
563:Physical Review Letters
263:measures for assessment
2764:Least publishable unit
2436:Collection of articles
2059:NEC Research Institute
2055:"Online Or Invisible?"
833:results and discussion
710:
85:periodical publication
72:
2754:Electronic publishing
2729:Scientific literature
2506:Article-level metrics
858:Electronic publishing
825:materials and methods
753:Supplemental articles
726:letters to the editor
702:
621:Further information:
532:scholarly peer review
478:African Invertebrates
393:thesis by publication
189:publish articles and
64:
36:Scientific literature
2797:Open-access journals
2744:Open scientific data
2551:SCImago Journal Rank
2511:Author-level metrics
2496:Acknowledgment index
1547:. January 25, 2023.
661:improve this section
538:Standards and impact
431:improve this section
335:improve this section
2853:Scientific journals
2792:Scientific journals
2303:Academic publishing
1966:scholarworks.iu.edu
1801:2016Natur.533..452B
1331:1996PhT....49a..42B
1207:Scientific American
1086:Open access journal
1061:Academic conference
1056:Academic authorship
977:scholarly societies
848:science journalists
769:the application of
595:Inorganic Syntheses
501:Journal des sçavans
385:academic department
168:Scientific journals
77:academic publishing
2812:Copyright policies
2807:University presses
2714:Scientific writing
2582:Citation advantage
2489:Impact and ranking
2322:Scientific journal
2224:, 2023, 405 pp.),
2195:", Special Issue:
1933:Learned Publishing
1758:julkaisufoorumi.fi
1728:julkaisufoorumi.fi
1704:mitcommlab.mit.edu
1680:ifis.libguides.com
1138:. September 2017.
1096:Scientific writing
939:databases such as
872:Electronic journal
868:Electronic article
711:
525:Publishing process
472:scientific writing
81:scientific journal
73:
2840:
2839:
2817:Preprint policies
2787:Academic journals
2770:Publish or perish
2625:Version of record
2565:Reform and access
2367:Literature review
2077:Di Cosmo, Roberto
1861:978-0-309-48616-3
1795:(7604): 452–454.
1674:Gamble, Rhianna.
1461:on March 14, 2016
1282:cite encyclopedia
1091:Publish or perish
906:version of record
697:
696:
689:
617:Types of articles
601:Organic Syntheses
467:
466:
459:
371:
370:
363:
191:scientific papers
133:original research
71:(4 November 1869)
16:(Redirected from
2870:
2759:Ingelfinger rule
2673:Semantic Scholar
2395:Technical report
2317:Academic journal
2296:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2253:European Council
2187:A. Gielas &
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2085:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:10.1087/20110309
1924:
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1902:
1896:
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1872:
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1845:
1839:
1838:
1812:
1780:
1774:
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1696:
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1604:
1594:
1570:
1564:
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1561:
1559:
1553:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1501:
1492:(7): 6345–6346.
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
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1417:
1411:
1410:
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1406:
1400:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1339:10.1063/1.881598
1314:
1305:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1254:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1128:
1051:Academic journal
975:Publications by
898:Utopia Documents
692:
685:
681:
678:
672:
641:
633:
623:Scientific paper
504:and the English
462:
455:
451:
448:
442:
411:
403:
366:
359:
355:
352:
346:
315:
307:
32:Academic journal
21:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2775:
2734:Learned society
2697:
2639:
2603:
2560:
2531:Journal ranking
2521:Citation impact
2484:
2419:
2377:Grey literature
2371:
2333:
2305:
2300:
2262:
2210:Darnton, Robert
2206:
2204:Further reading
2184:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2051:Lawrence, Steve
2049:
2048:
2044:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1926:
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1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
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1869:
1862:
1847:
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1810:10.1038/533452a
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1256:
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1242:
1234:D. A. Kronick,
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1216:
1214:
1200:
1199:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1076:Medical journal
1046:
1012:
965:
959:
953:
945:quality control
874:
862:Main articles:
860:
784:Scientific Data
761:Review articles
693:
682:
676:
673:
658:
642:
631:
625:
619:
613:of procedures.
580:reproducibility
576:
540:
527:
494:(1660) and the
487:
463:
452:
446:
443:
428:
412:
401:
376:citation impact
367:
356:
350:
347:
332:
316:
305:
215:
170:
165:
157:reproducibility
137:review articles
94:trade magazines
59:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2876:
2874:
2866:
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2756:
2751:
2746:
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2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2702:Related topics
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:Web of Science
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2653:Google Scholar
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Serials crisis
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2556:Scientometrics
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Citation index
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:Poster session
2472:
2471:
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2465:
2455:
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2453:
2448:
2438:
2433:
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2397:
2392:
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2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2362:Position paper
2359:
2357:Review article
2354:
2353:
2352:
2341:
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2335:
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2330:
2329:
2319:
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2261:
2260:External links
2258:
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2019:
1996:
1952:
1939:(3): 207–220.
1919:
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1073:
1068:
1066:Citation index
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1011:
1008:
984:serials crisis
955:Main article:
952:
949:
902:World Wide Web
859:
856:
803:
802:
794:
774:
757:
750:
739:
732:Research notes
729:
722:communications
695:
694:
645:
643:
636:
618:
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611:poor detailing
575:
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2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Open research
2737:
2735:
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2722:
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2712:
2710:
2707:
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2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Impact factor
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Bibliometrics
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Annual report
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Working paper
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2327:Public health
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:Peter Baldwin
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2180:0-87933-380-4
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:0-471-21929-0
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:0-85142-118-0
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:Gizmodo, 2011
2139:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:(June 2006).
2078:
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2069:
2064:
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2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1881:
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1857:
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1584:
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1576:
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1539:
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1525:
1521:
1517:
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1500:
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1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1460:
1456:
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1397:
1393:
1386:
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1332:
1328:
1324:
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1318:Physics Today
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1225:
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1189:
1176:
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1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1104:
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1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
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1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
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1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
987:
985:
980:
978:
973:
971:
970:site licenses
964:
958:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
928:
924:
922:
917:
913:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
881:
879:
878:dissemination
873:
869:
865:
857:
855:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
812:
808:
800:
799:
795:
792:
791:
786:
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780:
779:
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772:
767:
763:
762:
758:
754:
751:
748:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
727:
723:
720:(also called
719:
716:
715:
714:
708:
707:
701:
691:
688:
680:
670:
666:
662:
656:
655:
651:
646:This section
644:
640:
635:
634:
630:
624:
616:
614:
612:
608:
603:
602:
597:
596:
590:
585:
584:replicability
581:
573:
571:
569:
568:impact factor
565:
564:
559:
558:
553:
552:
547:
546:
537:
535:
533:
524:
522:
519:
515:
513:
509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
493:
492:Royal Society
484:
482:
480:
479:
473:
461:
458:
450:
440:
436:
432:
426:
425:
421:
416:This section
414:
410:
405:
404:
398:
396:
394:
390:
389:journal clubs
386:
381:
377:
365:
362:
354:
344:
340:
336:
330:
329:
325:
320:This section
318:
314:
309:
308:
302:
300:
296:
289:
285:
284:list of works
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
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