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opposition was not giving up, Massamba-Débat ended up yielding and proclaimed an amnesty, freeing Marien
Ngouabi, among other political prisoners in mid-1968. Following the amnesty Massamba-Débat relinquished his power in September giving way to a period of instability. Finally on 31 December 1968
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Marien
Ngouabi became the head of state. The new leader officially proclaimed a socialist-oriented state in the form of a "Popular Republic" on 31 December 1969. The administration became strongly centralized in
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PCT held a constitutive congress in the capital from 29 to 31 December 1969, becoming the sole party of the new state. Marien
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The People's
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The People's
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became its First
Secretary. The Congolese single party was backed by a well-armed popular militia, the
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in 1991, restoring the country's earlier name and flag, and ceased to exist by March 1992.
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was allowed to remain in office in a ceremonial capacity during the transitional period.
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Not to be confused with the short-lived state formed in Congo-Léopoldville during the
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was appointed as transitional prime minister while Sassou remained as president.
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succeeded Yhombi-Opango, confirmed the PCT's rule in the Congo with a new
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John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the
Struggle to Consolidate", in
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Clark, "Congo: Transition and the
Struggle to Consolidate", page 69.
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era, the People's
Republic of the Congo shared close ties with the
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was the official language, but other recognized languages included
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In mid-1991, the
Sovereign National Conference removed the word
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1009:. Most of the population was centered in urban areas such as
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In the same manner as other African communist states of the
1306:(1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, page 65.
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Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
1144:, who was invested with executive powers. President
875:. Ngouabi was assassinated in 1977 and succeeded by
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71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1252:Démocratie et administration au Congo-Brazzaville,
1189:A PR Congo delegation during an official visit to
993:. 8,500 Europeans were present as well, mostly of
1088:and the main government posts were taken over by
3849:1969 establishments in the Republic of the Congo
2808:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
3589:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
3844:States and territories disestablished in 1992
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864:as president, who established the Congo as a
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3839:States and territories established in 1969
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1229:Cold War § Competition in the Third World
965:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1217:Roundel of the PRC Air Force (1970–1992)
3213:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
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3859:Communism in the Republic of the Congo
2896:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2833:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1304:Political Reform in Francophone Africa
1109:, who ruled until February 1979, when
36:Republic of the Congo (disambiguation)
3243:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
1205:Flag of the PR Congo Army (1970–1992)
1050:(Mouvement National de la Révolution)
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943:adding citations to reliable sources
69:adding citations to reliable sources
34:; for similarly named entities, see
25:
2740:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
2725:Criticism of communist party rule
879:until he was overthrown in 1979.
3854:1992 disestablishments in Africa
3786:Human rights in the Soviet Union
2745:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
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1094:Parti congolais du travail (PCT)
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774:Republic of the Congo portal
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80:"People's Republic of the Congo"
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3694:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
3624:Fall of the inner German border
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1413:Colonization of the Congo Basin
1292:Timeline: Republic of the Congo
897:dissolution of the Soviet Union
887:, formed closer relations with
56:needs additional citations for
18:People's Republic of Congo
3684:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
2823:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
2377:Azerbaijan People's Government
1497:2015 constitutional referendum
1484:2002 constitutional referendum
1455:People's Republic of the Congo
1335:People's Republic of the Congo
1254:L'Harmattan, 2005, pp. 181–182
812:People's Republic of the Congo
743:2015 constitutional referendum
733:2002 constitutional referendum
694:People's Republic of the Congo
149:People's Republic of the Congo
1:
3704:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
3303:Inter-regional Deputies Group
3288:National League for Democracy
820:République populaire du Congo
154:République populaire du Congo
3614:Alexanderplatz demonstration
3579:Polish Round Table Agreement
3253:People's Movement of Ukraine
1047:National Revolution Movement
871:government aligned with the
3659:January Events in Lithuania
3594:Hungarian Round Table Talks
3233:Democratic Party of Albania
2417:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
214:"Travail, Démocratie, Paix"
3885:
3869:Former socialist republics
3313:Hungarian Democratic Forum
3308:Alliance of Free Democrats
3298:Union of Democratic Forces
1128:throughout its existence.
854:Parti congolais du travail
842:September 1968 coup d'état
29:
3674:1991 protests in Belgrade
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3664:January Events in Latvia
3654:Reunification of Germany
3639:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
3569:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
3293:National Salvation Front
3278:Belarusian Popular Front
3268:Popular Front of Estonia
3037:Polish underground press
2798:List of socialist states
1434:French Equatorial Africa
1090:Congolese Workers' Party
655:French Equatorial Africa
219:"Work, Democracy, Peace"
3740:Economic liberalization
3679:1991 Belarusian strikes
3619:Fall of the Berlin Wall
3273:Public Against Violence
3263:Popular Front of Latvia
3042:Political demonstration
2891:Chinese economic reform
2803:People Power Revolution
2427:North Korea (1947–1948)
2422:North Korea (1946–1947)
1035:Alphonse Massamba-Débat
838:Alphonse Massamba-Débat
2874:New political thinking
2149:Current and historical
853:
840:was overthrown in the
819:
438:• Disestablished
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213:
153:
3745:Post-Soviet conflicts
3699:Tajikistani Civil War
3649:Revolution on Granite
3609:Monday Demonstrations
3135:Sanjaasürengiin Zorig
2969:Mengistu Haile Mariam
2735:Eastern Bloc politics
1372:Republic of the Congo
1107:Joachim Yhombi-Opango
877:Joachim Yhombi-Opango
831:Republic of the Congo
576:Republic of the Congo
552:Republic of the Congo
527:Republic of the Congo
514:Republic of the Congo
347:Joachim Yhombi-Opango
268:Common languages
3155:Vytautas Landsbergis
3150:Viacheslav Chornovil
2979:Denis Sassou Nguesso
2654:History of socialism
1421:Atlantic slave trade
1337:at Wikimedia Commons
1146:Denis Sassou Nguesso
1111:Denis Sassou-Nguesso
1054:Ambroise Noumazalaye
939:improve this section
881:Denis Sassou Nguesso
829:that existed in the
636:Atlantic slave trade
359:Denis Sassou-Nguesso
231:Les Trois Glorieuses
65:improve this article
3811: /
3599:Pan-European Picnic
3574:1988 Polish strikes
2954:Wojciech Jaruzelski
2694:Revolutions of 1989
2590:Estonia (1918–1919)
2484:Hungary (1949–1989)
1103:means of production
1041:. He established a
833:from 1969 to 1992.
428:• Established
2959:Slobodan Milošević
2828:Vatican Opposition
2555:Byelorussia (1919)
1671:Telecommunications
1270:. 31 December 1969
1152:Events and emblems
309:socialist republic
3794:
3793:
3720:Colour revolution
3550:
3549:
3517:Congo-Brazzaville
3238:Democratic Russia
3195:Pope John Paul II
3190:George H. W. Bush
3140:Vladimir Bukovsky
2929:Mikhail Gorbachev
2924:Nicolae Ceaușescu
2710:Era of Stagnation
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2182:Congo-Brazzaville
2078:Regional variants
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1742:Human trafficking
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1686:List of companies
1633:
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1615:Political parties
1583:Foreign relations
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1397:Kingdom of Loango
1333:Media related to
1175:Nicolae Ceaușescu
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606:Kingdom of Loango
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397:• 1991–1992
384:• 1973–1975
354:• 1979–1992
342:• 1977–1979
330:• 1970–1977
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16:(Redirected from
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3864:Communist states
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3815:4.267°S 15.283°E
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3669:Transnistria War
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3170:Aung San Suu Kyi
3085:Alexander Dubček
3022:Civil resistance
2879:Sinatra Doctrine
2859:Demokratizatsiya
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1098:Marxist–Leninist
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824:Marxist–Leninist
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684:1968 coup d'état
674:Trois Glorieuses
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753:COVID-19 crisis
727:1997–1999
717:1993–1994
713:First Civil War
698:1970–1992
659:1910–1958
649:1882–1910
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620:1665–1709
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15:
12:
11:
5:
3882:
3880:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3831:
3830:
3820:-4.267; 15.283
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3760:Post-communism
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
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3696:
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3676:
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3666:
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3408:
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3390:
3386:
3385:
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3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:Czechoslovakia
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3333:Eastern Europe
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Isaias Afwerki
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Zianon Pazniak
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
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3127:
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3117:
3112:
3107:
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3097:
3092:
3087:
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3071:
3069:
3063:
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3059:
3054:
3049:
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3039:
3034:
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3024:
3018:
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3009:
3007:
3006:
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2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
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2941:
2939:Erich Honecker
2936:
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2926:
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2898:
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2795:
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2752:
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2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Anti-communism
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2658:
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2649:
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2644:
2641:
2640:
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2632:
2627:
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2617:
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2607:
2602:
2600:Hungary (1919)
2597:
2592:
2587:
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2572:
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2467:Czech Republic
2462:Czechoslovakia
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Inner Mongolia
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:East Turkestan
2379:
2373:
2371:
2364:
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2097:
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2079:
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2066:
2064:United Kingdom
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2021:United Kingdom
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
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1983:
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1622:
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1460:
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1058:Défense Civile
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806:
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410:
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370:Prime Minister
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332:
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3755:Neo-Stalinism
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3634:Black January
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1489:Pool conflict
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1142:André Milongo
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924:This section
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901:André Milongo
898:
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844:. The ruling
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442:15 March 1992
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402:André Milongo
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316:Head of State
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121:November 2023
113:
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82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3796:
3713:Later events
3629:Malta Summit
3461:Turkmenistan
3389:Soviet Union
3375:Soviet Union
3355:East Germany
3175:Meles Zenawi
3130:Sali Berisha
3080:Václav Havel
3027:Human chains
2934:Károly Grósz
2864:Khozraschyot
2755:Nomenklatura
2730:Eastern Bloc
2530:Baranya–Baja
2499:Soviet Union
2479:East Germany
2181:
2177:Burkina Faso
1793:Coat of arms
1722:Demographics
1676:Trade unions
1656:Central Bank
1588:Human rights
1454:
1426:French Congo
1311:
1303:
1298:
1287:
1272:. Retrieved
1259:
1251:
1191:East Germany
1137:
1135:
1122:Soviet Union
1115:
1093:
1075:
1072:Proclamation
1062:Ange Diawara
1060:, headed by
1057:
1049:
1043:single-party
1033:
997:extraction.
976:
961:
952:
937:Please help
925:
907:Demographics
885:constitution
873:Soviet Union
860:) appointed
857:
835:
811:
809:
757:2020–present
693:
645:French Congo
626:Colonization
496:Succeeded by
495:
490:
466:Calling code
224:
210:Motto:
209:
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
3818: /
3689:August Coup
3542:South Yemen
3487:Afghanistan
3331:Central and
3324:by location
3228:Civic Forum
3115:Feng Congde
3090:Ion Iliescu
3075:Lech Wałęsa
3032:Magnitizdat
2994:Zhao Ziyang
2984:Heng Samrin
2944:Miloš Jakeš
2854:Perestroika
2513:Short-lived
2370:Short-lived
2339:South Yemen
2324:North Korea
2284:Afghanistan
2001:New Zealand
1996:Netherlands
1651:Agriculture
1593:LGBT rights
1532:Departments
1505:(2016–2017)
1492:(2002–2003)
1479:(1997–1999)
1471:(1993–1994)
1458:(1970–1992)
1437:(1910–1958)
1429:(1882–1910)
1416:(1876–1885)
1408:(1665–1709)
1400:(1550–1883)
1392:(1390–1914)
1281:(in French)
1086:Brazzaville
1011:Brazzaville
893:multi-party
491:Preceded by
389:Henri Lopes
262:Brazzaville
3833:Categories
3730:Lustration
3604:Baltic Way
3555:Individual
3532:Mozambique
3471:Uzbekistan
3456:Tajikistan
3441:Kyrgyzstan
3436:Kazakhstan
3401:Azerbaijan
3380:Yugoslavia
3258:Solidarity
3218:Charter 77
3204:Opposition
3100:Wu'erkaixi
3066:Opposition
3013:Opposition
3004:Siad Barre
2949:Egon Krenz
2919:Ramiz Alia
2910:Government
2849:Uskoreniye
2781:background
2703:background
2625:Tarnobrzeg
2550:Bessarabia
2504:Yugoslavia
2227:Seychelles
2222:Mozambique
2217:Madagascar
2140:Vietnamese
2135:Venezuelan
2125:Nicaraguan
2120:Melanesian
2037:Venezuela
1949:Kuomintang
1942:since 1978
1912:Bangladesh
1888:By country
1882:by country
1610:Parliament
1542:Ecoregions
1274:2 November
1235:References
1173:'s leader
1165:President
1132:Transition
1030:Background
296:Government
91:newspapers
3770:Pink tide
3564:Jeltoqsan
3480:Elsewhere
3431:Lithuania
3283:Rastokhez
3223:New Forum
3206:movements
3105:Chai Ling
2715:Communism
2583:1939–1940
2538:1918–1919
2307:1982–1992
2302:1979–1992
2297:1975–1979
2293:Cambodia
2268:Nicaragua
2200:1987–1991
2195:1974–1987
2191:Ethiopia
2130:Tanzanian
2011:Sri Lanka
1954:Hong Kong
1937:Communist
1900:Australia
1895:Argentina
1880:Socialism
1747:Languages
1727:Education
1681:Transport
1620:President
1578:Elections
1537:Districts
1515:Geography
1138:populaire
955:July 2020
926:does not
869:communist
866:one-party
455:CFA franc
306:one-party
286:Religion
170:1969–1992
3527:Mongolia
3522:Ethiopia
3507:Cambodia
3411:Chechnya
3345:Bulgaria
3120:Tank Man
3110:Wang Dan
3095:Liu Gang
3052:Samizdat
3047:Protests
2886:Glasnost
2869:500 Days
2793:Cold War
2701:Internal
2635:Würzburg
2610:Naissaar
2574:Finland
2534:Bavaria
2472:Slovakia
2457:Bulgaria
2387:Far East
2334:Mongolia
2246:Americas
2110:European
2041:Chavismo
2006:Pakistan
1833:Category
1772:Religion
1762:Polygamy
1737:Football
1605:Military
1566:Politics
1552:Wildlife
1502:Pool War
1223:See also
1118:Cold War
1078:militant
1015:Literacy
822:) was a
565:a series
563:Part of
451:Currency
417:Cold War
217:(French)
3806:15°17′E
3779:Related
3537:Somalia
3466:Ukraine
3446:Moldova
3421:Georgia
3416:Estonia
3406:Belarus
3396:Armenia
3370:Romania
3360:Hungary
3340:Albania
3248:Sąjūdis
3068:leaders
3015:methods
2912:leaders
2901:Đổi Mới
2842:Reforms
2605:Ireland
2595:Galicia
2494:Romania
2452:Albania
2407:Jiangxi
2354:Vietnam
2258:Grenada
2232:Somalia
2115:Israeli
2105:Chinese
2100:Burmese
2095:British
2085:African
2057:History
2048:Vietnam
2016:Tunisia
1966:Finland
1961:Estonia
1817:Outline
1781:Symbols
1717:Cuisine
1700:Culture
1639:Economy
1381:History
1171:Romania
1081:leftist
1039:Marxist
1025:History
1007:Lingala
947:removed
932:sources
391:(first)
300:Unitary
280:Lingala
258:Capital
227: "
225:Anthem:
105:scholar
3803:4°16′S
3557:events
3492:Angola
3451:Russia
3426:Latvia
3365:Poland
3322:Events
2974:Ne Win
2615:Saxony
2560:Bremen
2489:Poland
2445:Europe
2412:Kuwait
2392:Fujian
2207:Guinea
2167:Angola
2160:Africa
1976:Greece
1971:France
1933:China
1929:Canada
1922:Lulism
1917:Brazil
1838:Portal
1788:Anthem
1661:Mining
1547:Rivers
1527:Cities
1450:(1963)
1193:(1982)
1177:(1972)
1126:France
1003:Kituba
999:French
995:French
987:Mbochi
983:Sangha
889:France
850:French
816:French
567:on the
404:(last)
374:
320:
276:Kituba
272:French
200:Emblem
161:French
157:
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
3512:China
3502:Burma
3497:Benin
2630:Užice
2565:Bihać
2525:Banat
2397:Gilan
2344:Syria
2314:China
2289:Burma
2263:Chile
2237:Sudan
2212:Libya
2187:Egypt
2172:Benin
1991:Italy
1981:India
1824:Index
1757:Music
1752:Media
1732:Films
1268:(PDF)
1169:with
989:, or
979:Kongo
704:1990s
112:JSTOR
98:books
2578:1918
2543:1919
2349:Tuva
2329:Laos
2319:Iraq
2277:Asia
2253:Cuba
2090:Arab
1986:Iran
1798:Flag
1276:2020
1005:and
991:Teke
930:any
928:cite
810:The
747:2015
737:2002
688:1968
678:1963
186:Flag
84:news
2750:KGB
1666:Oil
941:by
858:PCT
469:242
459:XAF
67:by
3835::
1243:^
1068:.
1013:.
985:,
981:,
856:,
852::
818::
480:CG
278:,
274:,
235:"
2686:e
2679:t
2672:v
1872:e
1865:t
1858:v
1364:e
1357:t
1350:v
1278:.
1092:—
968:)
962:(
957:)
953:(
949:.
935:.
848:(
814:(
799:e
792:t
785:v
461:)
457:(
163:)
159:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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