136:, reducing the number of blue subpixels with respect to the red and green subpixels in a display does not reduce the image quality. However, the layout may cause color leakage image distortion, which can be reduced by filters. In some cases the layout causes reduced moiré and blockiness compared to conventional RGB layouts. The PenTile layout is specifically designed to work with and be dependent upon subpixel rendering that uses only one and a quarter subpixel per pixel, on average, to render an image. That is, that any given input pixel is mapped to either a red-centered logical pixel, or a green-centered logical pixel.
189:
subpixel rendering filters to optimize reconstruction of high spatial frequencies from the input image, wherein the green subpixels provide the majority of the reconstruction. The red and blue subpixels are capable of reconstructing the horizontal and vertical spatial frequencies, but not the highest of the diagonal. Diagonal high spatial frequency information in the red and blue channels of the input image are transferred to the green subpixels for image reconstruction. Thus the RG-BG scheme creates a color display with one third fewer subpixels than a traditional RGB-RGB scheme but with the same measured luminance
781:
participate in the image reconstruction when colors are highly saturated to primaries. In the RGBW case, this is caused as the W subpixel will not be available in order to maintain the saturated color. In the RGBG case, this effect will occur when the color boundary is primarily red or blue, as the fully populated (one green per pixel) sub-pixel cannot contribute. For all other cases, text and especially full color images are effectively reconstructed.
161:
685:, the backlight brightness is significantly reduced, often to less than 50% peak, while the LCD levels are increased to compensate. When the image has very bright saturated colors, the backlight brightness is maintained at higher levels. The PenTile RGBW also has an optional high brightness mode that doubles the brightness of the desaturated color image areas, such as black&white text, for improved outdoor view-ability.
631:
661:(color) information to all three cone cell types. Combined, this optimizes the match of display technology to the biological mechanisms of human vision. The layout uses one third fewer subpixels for the same resolution as the RGB stripe (RGB-RGB) layout, in spite of having four color primaries instead of the conventional three, using subpixel rendering combined with
85:
765:". In traditional flat-panel screens, the resolution is defined by the number of red, green, and blue subpixels, in groups of three, in an array in each axis. As a result, each pixel or group of subpixels can render any colour on the screen, regardless of neighbouring pixels. This is not the case with PenTile screens.
777:
lower subpixel density on PenTile displays the pixel structure may be more visible when compared to RGB stripe displays with the same pixel density. The loss of subpixels for a given resolution specification has led some journalists to describe the use of PenTile as "shady practice" and "sort of cheating".
188:
is most sensitive to green, especially for high resolution luminance information. The green subpixels are mapped to input pixels on a one-to-one basis. The red and blue subpixels are subsampled, reconstructing the chroma signal at a lower resolution. The luminance signal is processed using adaptive
816:
uses a PenTile
Diamond Pixel array, where the green pixels are oval and repeat in a single line, while red and blue pixels are larger and alternate between the lines of green, ensuring more uniform colours with fewer aberrations compared to the earlier generation PenTile display on the Galaxy S III.
680:
color quality, to avoid simultaneous contrast error between saturated colors and peak white brightness, while simultaneously reducing backlight power requirements, the display backlight brightness is under control of the PenTile driver engine. When the image is mostly desaturated colors, those near
776:
for displays intended for rendering text. The developers of PenTile displays use this VESA criterion for contrast of line pairs to calculate the resolutions specified. In the RGBG layout the alternate red and blue subpixels are 'shared' or sub-sampled with neighboring pixels. Due to the one third
789:
The PenTile layout reduces the number of subpixels needed to create a specified resolution. Consequently it is possible to achieve an HD resolution on a PenTile AMOLED screen at lower cost than other technologies, and most reviewers note that "300 ppi" (as per VESA - not full pixels) resolution
780:
For a given size and resolution specification, the PenTile screen can appear grainy, pixelated, speckled, with blurred text on some saturated colors and backgrounds when compared to RGB stripe color. This effect is understood to be caused by the restriction of the number of subpixels that may
760:
An ongoing controversy regarding the definition or measurement of resolution of color subpixelated flat panel displays led many people to question the resolution claims of PenTile display products. Journalists have noted that in
152:(LCD) manufacturers. In March 2008, Samsung Electronics acquired Clairvoyante's PenTile IP assets. Samsung then funded a new company, Nouvoyance, Inc. to continue development of the PenTile technology.
638:
PenTile RGBW technology, used in LCD, adds an extra subpixel to the traditional red, green and blue subpixels that is a clear area without color filtering material and with the only purpose of letting
148:'s Otto Schade Prize in 2014. The technology was licensed by the company Clairvoyante from 2000 until 2008, during which time several prototype PenTile displays were developed by a number of Asian
665:
rendering. Metamer rendering optimizes the energy distribution between the white subpixel and the combined red, green, and blue subpixels: W <> RGB, to improve image sharpness.
1401:
646:. This makes it possible to produce a brighter image compared to an RGB-matrix while using the same amount of power, or produce an equally bright image while using less power.
1691:
1120:
829:'s display had "inaccurate colours and poor viewing angles, not to mention practically unreadable text at its furthest zoom". Also in a comparison between the original
1572:
1044:
132:, but significantly fewer S cones. As the S cones are primarily responsible for perceiving blue colors, which do not appreciably affect the perception of
1907:
1536:
919:
1521:
1975:
1324:
1508:
1597:
802:'s use of a PenTile display makes it more energy efficient and thinner than equivalent LCD screens, giving it better battery life than the
763:
just about every flat-panel TV in existence, each pixel is composed of one red, one green, and one blue subpixel (RGB), all of uniform size
841:
LCD) was found to be much crisper than the Droid Razr's Super AMOLED Advanced PenTile despite both screens using the same 'resolution'.
458:
772:) method of measuring and defining resolution in color displays is to measure the contrast of line pairs, requiring a minimum of 50%
1386:
1174:
104:) describes the geometric layout of the prototypical subpixel arrangement developed in the early 1990s. The layout consists of a
145:
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38:
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714:
593:
528:
503:
493:
1771:
209:
As of 2021, "almost all OLED screens in portable consumer devices use some form of
Pentile subpixel layout."
1199:
325:
809:
According to
Samsung, PenTile AMOLED displays have a longer life span due to having fewer blue subpixels.
513:
498:
149:
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588:
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468:
1999:
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812:
Most PenTile displays use rectangular grids of alternating green and blue/red pixels. However the
1303:
1016:
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673:
662:
649:
The PenTile RGBW layout uses each red, green, blue and white subpixel to present high-resolution
598:
553:
548:
543:
295:
190:
65:
997:"Development of the PenTile Matrix™ color AMLCD subpixel architecture and rendering algorithms"
995:
Elliott, C. H. Brown; Credelle, T. L.; Han, S.; Im, M. H.; Higgins, M. F.; Higgins, P. (2003).
948:
Chae, Sung-Ho; Yoo, Cheol-Hwan; Sun, Jee-Young; Kang, Mun-Cheon; Ko, Sung-Jea (November 2017).
884:
1951:
1504:
969:
898:
826:
813:
773:
720:
709:
533:
523:
518:
508:
488:
483:
478:
160:
1929:
1792:
1221:"Lawsuit says Apple lied about the new iPhone XS screen size and resolution, but it's wrong"
1008:
961:
834:
380:
320:
290:
1499:
Brown
Elliott, Candice, Chapter 12, "Image Reconstruction on Color Subpixelated Displays",
1339:
1241:
1882:
613:
375:
370:
365:
360:
356:
315:
1153:
657:, while using the combined effect of all the color subpixels to present lower-resolution
603:
264:
259:
198:
181:
57:
1908:"The Samsung Galaxy S III has a PenTile display: What is it, and why should you care?"
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2024:
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69:
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PenTile displays for smartphones have received a mixed reception. For instance the
618:
608:
453:
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433:
428:
390:
269:
194:
88:
Prototypic five subpixel repeat cell geometry of PenTile Matrix (magnified diagram)
630:
1450:
184:
displays uses green pixels interleaved with alternating red and blue pixels. The
1325:"User in a Brazilian forum confirms that the new Moto X 2014 display is pentile"
856:
658:
385:
144:
PenTile was invented by
Candice H. Brown Elliott, for which she was awarded the
949:
806:'s IPS LCD. A PenTile AMOLED screen is also cheaper than an RGB stripe AMOLED.
794:) make the PenTile effect less obvious than lower resolution PenTile displays (
1262:
830:
795:
420:
410:
400:
305:
300:
279:
121:
97:
61:
1815:"Display shootout: HTC One X vs. Galaxy Nexus (vs. iPad 3) screen comparison"
1074:
973:
950:"Subpixel rendering for the pentile display based on the human visual system"
1728:
1476:
965:
838:
803:
799:
668:
The display driver chip has an RGB to RGBW color vector space converter and
654:
650:
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415:
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133:
129:
93:
17:
1387:"Is the Display real stripe or pentile? | Samsung Support AFRICA_EN"
996:
850:
351:
346:
285:
214:
105:
34:
1434:
341:
335:
42:
1071:"Press Release: Samsung Electronics Acquires Clairvoyante's IP Assets"
1012:
1635:"Forum Thread: iPhone 5 is officially the worlds most powerful phone"
1093:
1091:
837:, the RAZR V's TN TFT LCD (a low-end LCD, compared to the higher-end
177:
165:
125:
46:
1598:"Super AMOLED Plus vs Super AMOLED: to the PenTile matrix and back"
1121:"Measuring Display Resolution with Contrast Modulation Methodology"
643:
629:
159:
113:
83:
769:
682:
117:
101:
885:"Pentile Matrix: 50% Flat Panel Power Saving Now, More to Come"
1573:"Display Daily – The World's Most Significant New Smart Phone"
109:
73:
50:
653:
information to the human eyes' red-sensing and green-sensing
172:
smartphone using the RGBG system of the PenTile matrix family
1033:
Elliott, Candice Hellen Brown. "PenTile
Display Technology."
1976:"Galaxy S III has PenTile AMOLED because it lasts longer"
1837:"How PenTile Displays Are Brighter But Not Always Better"
1175:"The OLED Nintendo Switch doesn't have a Pentile screen"
798:). The second advantage is lower power consumption: the
1670:
1304:"Motorola RAZR i review: Intel inside, Pentile Display"
1883:"HTC One X vs. One S: which phone is The One for you?"
60:
are specifically designed to operate with proprietary
1495:
1493:
1242:"iPhone 14 Pro Max OLED Display Technology Shoot-Out"
920:"Reducing Pixel Count without Reducing Image Quality"
128:, which has nearly equal numbers of L and M type
1671:"International Committee for Display Metrology"
120:subpixel in each unit cell. It was inspired by
1001:Journal of the Society for Information Display
1422:"Xiaomi Mi A3 Hands-On: It's Not a Downgrade"
1200:"iPhone X is Apple's first with OLED and HDR"
768:The Video Electronics Standards Association (
8:
1725:"Display Design and the Human Vision System"
1501:Mobile Displays: Technology and Applications
1447:"PenTile RGBW Technology, What does it do?"
1621:"Confirmed: Galaxy Nexus Includes PenTile"
1283:"Confirmed: Galaxy Nexus Includes PenTile"
1650:"Nexus One "Resolution" Debate Continues"
954:IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
859:– RGB with an additional emerald subpixel
68:embedded in the display driver, allowing
875:
896:
730:HP ENVY TouchSmart 14-k022tx Sleekbook
1772:"Comparison of Pentile vs RGB stripe"
1619:Klug, Inofuentes (October 21, 2011).
918:Brown Elliott, C.H. (December 1999).
7:
1099:"Samsung F5500 series plasma review"
865:- RGGB filters used in image sensors
1751:"Motorola DROID 3 Review by Taylor"
672:algorithm, followed by metamer and
544:Samsung Galaxy S10e/S10/S10+/S10 5G
2000:"Samsung Galaxy S4 Review (Video)"
676:algorithms. In order to maintain
25:
1669:Society for Information Display.
554:Samsung Galaxy S21/S21+/S21 Ultra
549:Samsung Galaxy S20/S20+/S20 Ultra
1692:"PenTile Technology Whitepapers"
634:Magnified image of the RGBW unit
76:(Red-Green-Blue) stripe panels.
72:compatibility with conventional
2046:"Revisited: the Motorola Atrix"
1552:"Motorola es400 Specifications"
146:Society for Information Display
45:. PenTile matrices are used in
1813:Philippides (April 18, 2012).
1749:Taylor Martin (18 July 2011).
1537:"Motorola MC55 Specifications"
1522:"Motorola MC65 Specifications"
1043:Information Display Magazine.
255:Apple iPhone 14 Pro/14 Pro Max
245:Apple iPhone 13 Pro/13 Pro Max
235:Apple iPhone 12 Pro/12 Pro Max
225:Apple iPhone 11 Pro/11 Pro Max
100:, meaning "five" in Greek and
1:
1154:"Visual(=Pentile) Technology"
1261:CrackBerry (23 April 2013).
1126:. Nouvoyance. Archived from
1045:"2014 SID Honors and Awards"
924:Information Display Magazine
785:Advantages and disadvantages
338:(Super AMOLED variants only)
176:PenTile RGBG layout used in
41:. PenTile is a trademark of
1950:Sakr, Sharif (2011-11-03).
1906:Boxall, Andy (2012-05-04).
853:– RGB reproduction via RGBY
116:subpixels, and one central
2103:
1881:Molen, Brad (2012-04-05).
1173:Byford, Sam (2021-10-08).
903:: CS1 maint: url-status (
642:come through, hence W for
39:electronic device displays
2025:"Review: Motorola RAZR V"
1928:Vlad Savov (2012-04-02).
1473:"PenTile RGBW Technology"
1338:iFixit (6 January 2010).
474:Samsung Galaxy S III Mini
193:. This is similar to the
27:Electronic device display
1952:"Nokia Lumia 800 review"
1240:Dr. Raymond M. Soneira.
1152:Samsung Mobile Display.
742:Asus ZenBook Pro UX501JW
715:Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1
594:Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4
529:Samsung Galaxy S8 Active
494:Samsung Galaxy S6 Active
33:is a family of patented
1791:Savov (April 2, 2012).
1263:"BlackBerry Q10 Review"
966:10.1109/TCE.2017.015103
739:Asus ZenBook UX303LN 4K
504:Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge+
326:Moto X (2nd generation)
250:Apple iPhone 14/14 Plus
240:Apple iPhone 13/13 Mini
230:Apple iPhone 12/12 Mini
164:Magnified image of the
37:matrix schemes used in
1361:"Samsung I8190 review"
635:
514:Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge
499:Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge
282:(AMOLED variants only)
220:Apple iPhone XS/XS Max
173:
150:liquid crystal display
89:
1402:"NX10 Specifications"
736:Lenovo IdeaPad Y50 4K
733:MSI GS60 Ghost Pro 4K
633:
589:Samsung Galaxy Note 9
584:Samsung Galaxy Note 8
579:Samsung Galaxy Note 7
574:Samsung Galaxy Note 5
569:Samsung Galaxy Note 4
564:Samsung Galaxy Note 3
464:Samsung Galaxy S Plus
168:screen on the Google
163:
87:
1340:"Nexus One Teardown"
792:Samsung Galaxy S III
469:Samsung Galaxy S III
92:"PenTile Matrix" (a
745:LG UH7500/6500/6100
559:Samsung Galaxy Note
311:Microsoft Lumia 650
2087:Digital typography
2077:2000 introductions
1930:"HTC One S review"
1857:"HTC One S review"
1793:"HTC One S review"
1219:Preslav Kateliev.
790:displays (such as
774:Michelson contrast
674:subpixel rendering
636:
599:Samsung Wave S8500
539:Samsung Galaxy S9+
524:Samsung Galaxy S8+
296:Huawei Mate 20 Pro
191:display resolution
174:
90:
66:subpixel rendering
2082:Computer graphics
1509:978-0-470-72374-6
1013:10.1889/1.1831725
827:Motorola Atrix 4G
814:Samsung Galaxy S4
726:Lenovo Yoga 3 Pro
721:Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro
710:Motorola Atrix 4G
534:Samsung Galaxy S9
519:Samsung Galaxy S8
509:Samsung Galaxy S7
489:Samsung Galaxy S6
484:Samsung Galaxy S5
479:Samsung Galaxy S4
197:commonly used in
16:(Redirected from
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1910:. Digital Trends
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1727:. Archived from
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1697:. Archived from
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1575:. Archived from
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1541:
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1511:
1497:
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1475:. Archived from
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1449:. Archived from
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1359:Team, GSMArena.
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1133:on July 14, 2011
1132:
1125:
1117:
1111:
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1108:
1106:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1073:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1047:. Archived from
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
992:
986:
985:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
926:. Archived from
915:
909:
908:
902:
894:
892:
891:
880:
833:and the cheaper
459:Samsung Galaxy S
381:Nokia Lumia 1020
321:Motorola Droid 3
291:Huawei Ascend P1
58:subpixel layouts
21:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2096:
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2050:MobileSyrup.com
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2018:
2009:
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2004:MobileSyrup.com
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1861:MobileSyrup.com
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1707:
1705:
1704:on 14 July 2011
1701:
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1571:Insight Media.
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1503:, Wiley, 2008,
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1424:. 19 July 2019.
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748:LG ThinQ G7/G7+
691:
628:
623:
614:Sony Xperia XZ3
376:Nokia Lumia 928
371:Nokia Lumia 925
366:Nokia Lumia 800
361:Nokia Lumia 735
357:Nokia Lumia 730
316:Motorola RAZR i
207:
199:digital cameras
158:
142:
112:subpixels, two
108:comprising two
82:
28:
23:
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12:
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