284:
414:
citizens, with the agreement of the City
Council, developed a museum in the fortress dedicated to the anti-fascist resistance. Improvements in 1984 made it possible to visit the cell where the secretary general of the Portuguese Communist Party, Álvaro Cunhal, had been held, as well as the location of his escape. Further repairs and improvements to the fortress were made in the 1990s. Plans in 2008 to use part of the fortress as a hotel (as has been done, for example, in the
418:) did not materialize. Further repairs to the fortress were made between 2010 and 2013 but it remained in an advanced state of degradation. In 2016 it was included on a list of national monuments to be granted to private bodies under a programme (REVIVE) designed to promote private investment for tourism purposes but was withdrawn after two months following popular opposition to the idea. In November 2017 it was closed to visitors to permit further work to be carried out.
381:
422:
319:
849:
501:
311:(1640-1668) it was considered necessary to further improve the Peniche fortress’s defences and in 1642 an engineer was sent to Peniche for this purpose. He prepared new plans, noting that soldiers were complaining about the lack of accommodation, food, garrisons and artillery. This led to considerable expansion, resulting in an irregular star-shaped fort, which was completed in 1645. King
53:
353:(1828-1834) it was reoccupied but when Liberal forces occupied the Berlengas Fort in 1833, Absolutist forces left Peniche. In 1837 an explosion of gunpowder inside the fortress led to a violent fire, which completely destroyed the Governor's House. In 1871, the Governor of the fortress reported on its bad condition and some restoration work was carried out.
202:, of which only a few vestiges remain, initial construction took place in 1557 and 1558 but there have been numerous subsequent modifications. Its defensive walls surround an area of two hectares, divided into upper and lower parts. The fortress has served a number of functions including that of a political prison during the authoritarian
405:
who agreed to immobilize with chloroform a colleague responsible for the surveillance of the prisoners. They also descended the walls with a rope made of sheets. This escape became a great embarrassment for the government, which claimed that a Soviet submarine had been near the
Peniche coast waiting
330:
that affected much of
Portugal destroyed part of the fortress, which was subsequently repaired. In 1773 work was carried out on remodelling the chapel of Santa Bárbara inside the fortress. Shortly afterwards an inspection report was prepared that commented negatively on its condition and in 1800 new
240:
recommended the construction of a castle on the peninsula and in the same year the most appropriate location to give protection to the town’s harbour was identified. Initial construction work was mainly carried out in 1557 and 1558 but work on the northeast and northwest walls continued until 1567.
413:
From 1977 to the early 1980s, in the context of the process of
Portuguese decolonization in Africa, parts of the fortress were used as temporary accommodation for families returning from the overseas territories. After departure of the last returnees from the former colonies, a group of Peniche
392:
supporter, António Dias Lourenço, managed to squeeze through a 20 cm x 40 cm opening that he sawed in his cell door. He then attempted to descend 20 meters to the sea with a rope made with sheets torn into strips. However, the improvised rope broke, causing him to fall into the sea.
348:
in 1815, which established peace within Europe, the fortress was abandoned. With urban pressure resulting from the population growth of
Peniche, certain parts were dismantled. In 1824 it was temporarily converted to a prison and used to detain political prisoners. During the
377:, or Second Republic, it was converted into a maximum-security political prison. In 1938 all buildings of the fortress were classified as a national monument, leading to some repair work being undertaken in subsequent years, in some cases making use of prisoners as labour.
429:
A sum of €3.5mn was allocated in April 2017 in the
Portuguese budget for repairs and preparation of museum spaces and a tender for the design was completed in early 2018. On 2 May 2019 an exhibition at the Fortress was opened by the Portuguese Prime Minister
335:
were built to make landing in the harbour more difficult and the parapet of the fortress facing the sea was also raised in height. The extent of the work carried out caused financial problems for the local people, who sought and obtained assistance from
344:, when Franco-Spanish troops landed at Peniche. Following their defeat by Anglo-Portuguese troops it was briefly considered in 1810 as a possible embarkation point for British troops should the renewed French invasion make this necessary. After the
268:(1568-1571). Work on the fortification was suspended until his return. D. Luis de Ataíde left for India for a second time in 1578, at which time the construction work was once again suspended. During the
1919:
1893:
641:
1959:
373:. During World War I (1914-1918), German and Austrian nationals were detained there. From 1928 the buildings were used as a tuberculosis sanatorium. However, in 1934, under the
812:
1279:
276:
sent a military engineer to
Peniche in 1589 to consolidate the fort and its walls and study possible improvements. In the same year British troops, under the command of
1975:
303:. He also suggested opening a channel on the isthmus between Peniche and the mainland, thus returning Peniche to being an easily defendable island. However, while the
1983:
1967:
1312:
1017:
2103:
1822:
744:
434:, designed to give an indication of the types of exhibits that will be available when the museum, to be known as the National Museum of Resistance and Freedom (
1691:
1589:
236:
initially responded by installing four armed ships in
Peniche. He also encouraged the idea of a permanent fortification on that part of the coast. In 1544,
2118:
1163:
514:
304:
719:
2015:
886:
769:
1943:
1110:
1230:
805:
1935:
1684:
1045:
1951:
1156:
393:
Although being dragged by the waves he managed to reach land and escape with assistance from fishermen. On
January 3, 1960, communist leaders
931:
703:
265:
2113:
402:
1991:
1856:
1003:
1670:
1642:
1596:
1211:
451:
1582:
1104:
798:
340:. Further extensive improvements were carried out in 1807. However, the fortress proved to be ineffective in December 1807 during the
2128:
283:
1298:
1204:
224:
on the mainland, caused by sea currents and winds, eventually led to the sea being replaced by sand dunes, with
Peniche becoming a
1244:
966:
410:
on April 25, 1974, which led to the overthrow of the Estado Novo, the fortress was one of the main targets of the initial coup.
2108:
1784:
1698:
1663:
1305:
1291:
1010:
466:
1874:
1326:
2044:
2023:
1534:
1347:
1078:
1835:
1635:
1170:
1057:
1649:
1071:
220:
Until the Middle Ages, Peniche was an island. However, siltation of the channel between the island and the community of
68:
1999:
1085:
1759:
1333:
481:
398:
2052:
1568:
388:
The fortress became famous for two escapes by prisoners opposed to the authoritarian government. In December 1954, a
2123:
2098:
1927:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1130:
389:
308:
257:
1709:
1031:
1024:
519:
1862:
907:
547:
1064:
897:
486:
1677:
696:
The lines of Torres Vedras : the cornerstone of Wellington's strategy in the Peninsular War, 1809-1812
456:
1828:
1810:
1752:
1481:
1399:
1363:
1340:
1319:
374:
327:
204:
1765:
925:
1849:
1523:
1470:
2060:
438:), was completed. It was formally opened on 27 April 2024, two days after the 50th anniversary of the
228:. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries the area was the target of attacks by English, French and
2068:
1906:
1460:
1373:
1251:
960:
866:
838:
439:
407:
237:
233:
124:
1548:
972:
937:
607:
280:, began a march on Lisbon at Peniche, in an unsuccessful attempt to restore Portuguese sovereignty.
1868:
1842:
1816:
1621:
1607:
1575:
1510:
1197:
991:
575:
337:
312:
1775:
1736:
1656:
1488:
1218:
1098:
1051:
1037:
415:
345:
292:
273:
269:
250:
221:
199:
1791:
1475:
1285:
770:"Exposição "Por teu Livre Pensamento" abre hoje como uma amostra do que vai ser o futuro museu"
2007:
1886:
1410:
1237:
947:
699:
461:
380:
332:
261:
187:
37:
1900:
1628:
1541:
1495:
1435:
1430:
1415:
1393:
1383:
1353:
1258:
997:
917:
471:
431:
394:
246:
421:
307:
was eventually constructed, Peniche remained connected to the mainland. At the time of the
1880:
1272:
1224:
1181:
1140:
1122:
830:
506:
362:
300:
229:
191:
476:
1912:
1724:
1615:
1559:
1420:
1264:
1189:
1092:
877:
341:
174:
52:
2092:
1741:
1730:
1425:
1405:
982:
857:
277:
318:
1388:
1378:
848:
821:
745:"Fortaleza de Peniche encerra aos visitantes a 20 de novembro para entrar em obras"
350:
1746:
720:"Cumpre-se o sonho dos presos: serem libertados e terem à sua espera uma multidão"
299:
islands, ten kilometres off the coast of Peniche, as these were often visited by
1719:
669:
496:
370:
242:
83:
70:
1518:
790:
296:
225:
955:
195:
43:
2035:
241:
The design is believed to have been influenced by the castles built by
1802:
608:"Fortaleza de São Francisco e frente abaluartada da Praça de Peniche"
369:
who had sought refuge from the British in the Portuguese colony of
1528:
420:
379:
208:
regime. It now contains a museum devoted to the resistance to the
260:
ascended the throne in 1568 and appointed D. Luís de Ataíde, 3rd
366:
2081:
Name of the fort inserted in its district or autonomous region.
794:
365:(1899-1902), the fortress’s buildings were used to accommodate
612:
Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitetónico (SIPA)
2034:
1801:
1774:
1708:
1606:
1558:
1509:
1459:
1362:
1180:
1139:
1121:
981:
946:
916:
896:
876:
856:
829:
170:
162:
154:
149:
141:
131:
120:
112:
107:
99:
62:
21:
295:highlighted the urgency of building a fort on the
315:visited Peniche to inspect the fortress in 1652.
401:and eight others connived with a member of the
806:
698:. Barnsley, UK: Frontline Books. p. 38.
8:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
541:
539:
537:
535:
436:Museu Nacional da Resistência e da Liberdade
198:. Built on the site of the former Castle of
1823:Fort of the Church of São Mateus da Calheta
664:
662:
1359:
813:
799:
791:
322:Entrance to the upper part of the fortress
18:
570:
568:
317:
282:
531:
602:
600:
598:
596:
580:Museu Nacional Resistência e Liberdade
425:Part of the exhibition at the Fortress
2104:National monuments in Leiria District
515:Fort of São João Baptista (Berlengas)
7:
406:to pick up the escapees. During the
270:Spanish rule of Portugal (1581-1640)
2119:Coastal fortifications in Portugal
186:is located in the municipality of
14:
16:16th Century fortress in Portugal
1032:Nossa Senhora da Penha de França
847:
499:
51:
1164:São João Baptista das Berlengas
384:The visiting room for prisoners
1875:Military Battery of Espalamaca
446:Prisoners held in the fortress
1:
1944:Santo António do Monte Brasil
1046:São Sebastião de Castro Marim
452:José Inácio Candido de Loyola
287:Interior view of the fortress
1259:Nossa Senhora de Porto Salvo
57:View of the Peniche Fortress
2114:Defunct prisons in Portugal
1334:Nossa Senhora da Natividade
1157:Nossa Senhora da Consolação
1018:Nossa Senhora da Encarnação
482:Francisco Martins Rodrigues
399:Francisco Martins Rodrigues
125:Câmara Municipal de Peniche
2145:
1576:Nossa Senhora da Conceição
845:
309:Portuguese Restoration War
2079:
1685:São Sebastião da Caparica
1622:Nossa Senhora da Queimada
1496:Marquês de Sá da Bandeira
520:Fort of Consolation Beach
467:Tristão de Bragança Cunha
403:National Republican Guard
245:of England, most notably
50:
35:
26:
2129:Prison museums in Europe
1760:São Francisco de Lovelhe
1636:Nossa Senhora das Salvas
1597:São João Baptista da Foz
1280:Nossa Senhora das Mercês
967:Santo António da Piedade
908:Forte de Ponte de Alvito
548:"Praça-forte de Peniche"
2045:Nossa Senhora do Amparo
1785:São Francisco de Chaves
1699:Santa Maria da Arrábida
1664:São Domingos da Baralha
1569:Nossa Senhora das Neves
1451:Fort of Portela Pequena
1273:Nossa Senhora dos Anjos
1105:Santo António de Belixe
1079:Santo António de Tavira
487:Pedro dos Santos Soares
2109:Estado Novo (Portugal)
1920:Santa Catarina das Mós
1829:Fort of Cinco Ribeiras
1731:Nossa Senhora da Ínsua
1629:Nossa Senhora da Saúde
1535:Nossa Senhora da Graça
1446:Fort of Portela Grande
1205:Santo António da Barra
1112:Nossa Senhora da Rocha
1039:Cavaleiros de Santiago
642:"Fortaleza de Peniche"
426:
385:
323:
288:
29:Praça-forte de Peniche
1992:São Mateus da Calheta
1863:Fort of Má Ferramenta
1850:Nossa Senhora da Guia
1471:Fort of Alto do Duque
1231:Nossa Senhora da Guia
1212:São Lourenço do Bugio
1058:Nossa Senhora da Guia
694:Grehan, John (2015).
457:António Borges Coelho
424:
383:
321:
286:
264:, to the position of
42:Near Peniche in
1643:Santiago de Sesimbra
1583:São Francisco Xavier
1306:São Pedro do Estoril
1219:Nossa Senhora da Luz
1025:Nossa Senhora da Luz
839:Barra de Aveiro Fort
546:Oliveira, Caterina.
440:Carnation Revolution
408:Carnation Revolution
351:Portuguese Civil War
84:39.35417°N 9.37972°W
1843:Fort of the Caninas
1817:Fort of the Cavalas
1811:Fort of the Açougue
1348:São Brás de Sanxete
1299:São Julião da Barra
1266:São Pedro de Milreu
926:Fortress of Buarcos
646:Patrimonio Cultural
116:Portuguese Republic
80: /
1737:Fort of Lagarteira
1245:São João das Maias
1171:São Miguel Arcanjo
749:Diário de Notícias
670:"Forte de Peniche"
427:
416:Citadel of Cascais
386:
346:Congress of Vienna
328:earthquake in 1755
324:
293:Philip IV of Spain
289:
274:Philip II of Spain
232:pirates, to which
200:Atouguia da Baleia
89:39.35417; -9.37972
2124:Peniche, Portugal
2099:Forts in Portugal
2086:
2085:
2024:São João Baptista
2008:Forte do Terreiro
1984:São João Baptista
1907:Três Paus redoubt
1894:São João Baptista
1887:Dois Paus redoubt
1753:Santiago da Barra
1650:Santiago do Outão
1590:São João Baptista
1505:
1504:
1411:Fort of Mosqueiro
1374:Fort of Alqueidão
1086:São João da Barra
1011:São João do Arade
887:São João Baptista
705:978-1-47385-274-7
462:Domingos Abrantes
262:Count of Atouguia
180:
179:
2136:
1901:Reducto da Salga
1869:Fort of the Maré
1678:São Luís Gonzaga
1441:Fort of Aguieira
1436:Fort of Subserra
1431:Fort of Archeira
1416:Fort of Olheiros
1394:Fort of Zambujal
1384:Fort of Carvalha
1360:
1354:Fort of Cresmina
998:Fort of Arrifana
851:
815:
808:
801:
792:
785:
784:
782:
780:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
741:
735:
734:
732:
730:
716:
710:
709:
691:
685:
684:
682:
680:
666:
657:
656:
654:
652:
638:
623:
622:
620:
618:
604:
591:
590:
588:
586:
572:
563:
562:
560:
558:
543:
509:
504:
503:
502:
266:Viceroy of India
247:Pendennis Castle
184:Peniche Fortress
108:Site information
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
55:
46:
22:Peniche Fortress
19:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2030:
1881:Fort of Negrito
1797:
1770:
1711:
1704:
1602:
1554:
1501:
1476:Fort of Sacavém
1462:
1455:
1365:
1358:
1286:Fort of Sacavém
1225:Fort of Guincho
1176:
1135:
1117:
977:
942:
912:
899:
892:
872:
852:
843:
825:
819:
789:
788:
778:
776:
768:
767:
763:
753:
751:
743:
742:
738:
728:
726:
718:
717:
713:
706:
693:
692:
688:
678:
676:
668:
667:
660:
650:
648:
640:
639:
626:
616:
614:
606:
605:
594:
584:
582:
574:
573:
566:
556:
554:
545:
544:
533:
528:
507:Portugal portal
505:
500:
498:
495:
448:
363:Second Boer War
359:
218:
192:Leiria District
134:the public
133:
88:
86:
82:
79:
74:
71:
69:
67:
66:
58:
41:
36:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2016:Zimbreiro Fort
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1913:Forte da Salga
1910:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1836:Espírito Santo
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1616:Albarquel fort
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1463:Entrincheirado
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1421:Forts of Ajuda
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1341:Santa Apolónia
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1052:Fort of Sagres
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1004:Santa Catarina
1000:
995:
987:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
973:Fort of Mourão
970:
963:
958:
952:
950:
944:
943:
941:
940:
938:Palheiros Fort
935:
932:Santa Catarina
928:
922:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
904:
902:
894:
893:
891:
890:
882:
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
862:
860:
854:
853:
846:
844:
842:
841:
835:
833:
827:
826:
820:
818:
817:
810:
803:
795:
787:
786:
761:
736:
711:
704:
686:
658:
624:
592:
564:
552:Fortalezas.org
530:
529:
527:
524:
523:
522:
517:
511:
510:
494:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
447:
444:
358:
357:Recent history
355:
342:Peninsular War
305:Berlengas fort
217:
214:
178:
177:
175:Peninsular War
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
33:
32:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2141:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:(Porto Santo)
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:São Sebastião
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:(Santa Maria)
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:São Francisco
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:(Santa Maria)
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:Santo António
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:Fort of Greta
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Montedor Fort
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1657:Santo Alberto
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Fort of Arpim
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Fort of Ribas
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1366:Torres Vedras
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1150:São Francisco
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:
989:
988:
986:
984:
980:
974:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
949:
945:
939:
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
919:
915:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
895:
889:
888:
884:
883:
881:
879:
875:
869:
868:
864:
863:
861:
859:
855:
850:
840:
837:
836:
834:
832:
828:
823:
822:Bastion forts
816:
811:
809:
804:
802:
797:
796:
793:
775:
771:
765:
762:
750:
746:
740:
737:
725:
721:
715:
712:
707:
701:
697:
690:
687:
675:
671:
665:
663:
659:
647:
643:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
625:
613:
609:
603:
601:
599:
597:
593:
581:
577:
571:
569:
565:
553:
549:
542:
540:
538:
536:
532:
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
497:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:Álvaro Cunhal
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
432:António Costa
423:
419:
417:
411:
409:
404:
400:
396:
395:Álvaro Cunhal
391:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
356:
354:
352:
347:
343:
339:
338:Queen Maria I
334:
329:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
285:
281:
279:
278:Francis Drake
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
238:King John III
235:
234:King Manuel I
231:
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
144:
140:
136:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
93:
65:
61:
54:
49:
45:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2067:
2061:São Lourenço
2059:
2051:
2043:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1960:São Fernando
1958:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1892:
1848:
1834:
1790:
1783:
1758:
1751:
1729:
1697:
1692:São Teodósio
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1398:
1389:Fort of Casa
1379:Fort of Cego
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1313:São Teodósio
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1238:Santa Susana
1236:
1229:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1111:
1103:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
990:
965:
930:
885:
867:São Clemente
865:
777:. Retrieved
773:
764:
752:. Retrieved
748:
739:
727:. Retrieved
723:
714:
695:
689:
677:. Retrieved
673:
649:. Retrieved
645:
615:. Retrieved
611:
585:18 September
583:. Retrieved
579:
555:. Retrieved
551:
477:Octávio Pato
435:
428:
412:
387:
360:
325:
290:
255:
219:
209:
203:
183:
181:
150:Site history
132:Open to
28:
1725:Fort of Cão
1720:Areosa Fort
1542:Santa Luzia
1524:Campo Maior
1400:São Vicente
1327:Santo Amaro
1320:Santa Marta
1198:Bom Sucesso
1191:São Vicente
1099:Burgau Fort
1072:São Vicente
824:in Portugal
576:"Home Page"
375:Estado Novo
361:During the
258:Sebastian I
210:Estado Novo
205:Estado Novo
87: /
63:Coordinates
2093:Categories
2019:(Terceira)
2011:(Terceira)
2003:(Terceira)
1995:(Terceira)
1979:(Terceira)
1971:(Terceira)
1963:(Terceira)
1947:(Terceira)
1939:(Terceira)
1928:Santa Cruz
1923:(Terceira)
1915:(Terceira)
1909:(Terceira)
1903:(Terceira)
1897:(Terceira)
1889:(Terceira)
1883:(Terceira)
1871:(Terceira)
1865:(Terceira)
1859:(Terceira)
1845:(Terceira)
1839:(Terceira)
1831:(Terceira)
1825:(Terceira)
1819:(Terceira)
1813:(Terceira)
1792:São Neutel
1671:São Filipe
1511:Portalegre
1489:Dom Carlos
774:O Contacto
754:1 February
729:2 February
679:1 February
651:1 February
617:1 February
557:1 February
526:References
371:Mozambique
326:The major
243:Henry VIII
72:39°21′15″N
2072:(Madeira)
2069:São Tiago
2064:(Madeira)
2048:(Madeira)
1776:Vila Real
1549:São Roque
1519:Arronches
1292:São Jorge
1252:São Bruno
1093:Vera Cruz
1065:São Roque
961:Juromenha
674:Infopedia
390:Communist
333:batteries
297:Berlengas
226:peninsula
142:Condition
75:9°22′47″W
2053:São José
1976:São João
1952:São Brás
1710:Viana do
1482:Dom Luís
1364:Lines of
992:São Luís
956:Estremoz
493:See also
301:corsairs
291:In 1625
251:Falmouth
222:Atouguia
196:Portugal
166:restored
121:Operator
44:Portugal
2036:Madeira
1931:(Faial)
1877:(Faial)
1853:(Faial)
1766:Valença
1712:Castelo
1608:Setúbal
1131:Almeida
918:Coimbra
898:Castelo
724:Publico
313:John IV
230:Barbary
216:History
188:Peniche
2027:(Pico)
1803:Azores
1747:Monção
1182:Lisbon
1141:Leiria
1123:Guarda
900:Branco
831:Aveiro
702:
171:Events
38:Leiria
1560:Porto
1529:Elvas
1461:Campo
948:Évora
878:Braga
779:1 May
367:Boers
256:King
155:Built
113:Owner
983:Faro
858:Beja
781:2019
756:2019
731:2019
700:ISBN
681:2019
653:2019
619:2019
587:2024
559:2019
182:The
163:Fate
158:1558
145:good
103:Fort
100:Type
249:in
190:in
137:yes
2095::
772:.
747:.
722:.
672:.
661:^
644:.
627:^
610:.
595:^
578:.
567:^
550:.
534:^
442:.
397:,
272:,
253:.
212:.
194:,
814:e
807:t
800:v
783:.
758:.
733:.
708:.
683:.
655:.
621:.
589:.
561:.
127:,
40:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
