200:
118:
311:). The nomenclature of the peroxy group is somewhat variable, and exists as an exception to the rules of naming polyatomic ions. This is due to the fact that when it was discovered, it was believed to be monatomic. The term was introduced by
85:
The characteristic structure of any regular peroxide is the oxygen-oxygen covalent single bond, which connects the two main atoms together. In the event that the molecule has no chemical
109:
the oxygens and giving them a negative charge. This charge is affected by the addition of other elements, with the properties and structure changing depending on the added group(s).
425:
546:
1465:
156:), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Many organic peroxides are known as well.
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511:
411:
380:
496:
105:. Because of the nature of the covalent bond, this arrangement results in each atom having the equivalent of 7 valence electrons,
539:
1369:
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532:
485:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute. pp. division 1, page 103 – via Google books.
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122:
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53:, where the R's represent a radical (a portion of a complete molecule; not necessarily a
339:
1413:
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1024:
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102:
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73:
though some nomenclature discrepancies exist. This linkage is recognized as a common
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atoms. Oxygen atoms are joined to each other and to adjacent elements through
434:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
159:
In addition to hydrogen peroxide, some other major classes of peroxides are:
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38:
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1004:
989:
984:
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126:
17:
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1289:
1133:
842:
835:
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58:
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1141:
999:
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932:
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847:
751:
575:
116:
106:
666:
403:
Advanced
Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
315:
in 1804 for a compound combined with as much oxygen as possible,
166:, the peroxy derivatives of many familiar acids, examples being
528:
93:. Each oxygen atom has a charge of negative one, as 5 of its
300:
The linkage between the oxygen molecules is known as a
121:
Types of peroxides, from top to bottom: peroxide ion,
320:or the oxide with the greatest quantity of oxygen.
1401:
1321:
1298:
1260:
1237:
1132:
1053:
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900:
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697:
562:
406:(6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience,
27:Chemical compounds with the structure R–O–O–R'
540:
8:
340:"Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry"
174:, and their salts, one example of which is
920:
719:
547:
533:
525:
260:
249:
245:
234:
212:
208:
152:
148:
69:group in a peroxide is often called the
331:
488:
460:Purdue Division of Chemical Education
7:
431:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
129:. The peroxide group is marked in
65:, denoted by dashes or lines. The
25:
77:, and exists in many molecules.
309:peroxyl group, of peroxy linkage
198:
89:, the peroxy group will have a
133:. R, R and R mark hydrocarbon
101:whilst one is occupied in the
1:
495:: CS1 maint: date and year (
481:Thomson, Thomas (1804). "4".
270:, compounds with the linkage
184:, compounds with the linkage
205:Structure and dimensions of
141:The most common peroxide is
516:Online Etymology Dictionary
1510:
29:
1442:
369:Chemistry of the Elements
367:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
176:potassium peroxydisulfate
125:, organic hydroperoxide,
32:Peroxide (disambiguation)
97:remain in the outermost
1453:chemical classification
444:10.1351/goldbook.P04510
168:peroxymonosulfuric acid
138:
1460:chemical nomenclature
483:A System of Chemistry
373:Butterworth-Heinemann
365:Greenwood, Norman N.
120:
63:single covalent bonds
57:) and O's are single
182:Main group peroxides
30:For other uses, see
916:not C, H or O)
396:Smith, Michael B.;
283:-butylhydroperoxide
49:with the structure
1358:Hypervalent iodine
304:(sometimes called
190:main group element
139:
1481:
1480:
1419:Sulfenyl chloride
1397:
1396:
896:
895:
715:(only C, H and O)
556:Functional groups
510:Harper, Douglas.
413:978-0-471-72091-1
382:978-0-08-037941-8
278:. One example is
268:Organic peroxides
227:, examples being
143:hydrogen peroxide
95:valence electrons
81:General structure
16:(Redirected from
1501:
1448:
1353:Trifluoromethoxy
921:
917:
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716:
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386:
371:(2nd ed.).
361:
355:
354:
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277:
273:
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252:
237:
215:
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155:
123:organic peroxide
68:
52:
21:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1446:
1438:
1393:
1348:Trichloromethyl
1343:Trifluoromethyl
1317:
1294:
1256:
1233:
1128:
1097:Phosphine oxide
1049:
915:
913:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
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892:
852:
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298:
292:
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271:
262:
258:
251:
247:
243:
240:sodium peroxide
236:
232:
229:barium peroxide
225:Metal peroxides
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
214:
210:
206:
203:
185:
154:
150:
146:
115:
83:
71:peroxide group,
66:
50:
45:are a group of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1507:
1505:
1497:
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1475:
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1449:
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1437:
1436:
1434:Sulfinylamines
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1414:Phosphoramides
1411:
1409:Isothiocyanate
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
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1310:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1285:Selenenic acid
1282:
1280:Seleninic acid
1277:
1275:Selenonic acid
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1266:
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1110:
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1099:
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1068:Phosphodiester
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1027:
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914:(one element,
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839:
838:
828:
827:
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803:
797:
796:
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791:Methylenedioxy
788:
783:
782:
781:
776:
766:
765:
764:
759:
749:
748:
747:
737:
732:
726:
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568:(only C and H)
560:
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522:
521:
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473:
456:"Nomenclature"
447:
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388:
381:
356:
330:
328:
325:
313:Thomas Thomson
297:
294:
287:
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265:
222:
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197:
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172:peracetic acid
114:
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82:
79:
75:polyatomic ion
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1339:
1336:
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1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1313:Telluroketone
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
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1281:
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1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
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1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:Sulfonic acid
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Sulfinic acid
1187:
1185:
1184:Thiosulfonate
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Thiosulfinate
1172:
1170:
1169:Sulfenic acid
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:Phosphaallene
1122:
1120:
1119:Phosphaalkyne
1117:
1115:
1114:Phosphaalkene
1112:
1108:
1105:
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1103:
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811:
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789:
787:
786:Ethylenedioxy
784:
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631:
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621:
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550:
545:
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536:
531:
530:
527:
517:
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503:
498:
492:
484:
477:
474:
461:
457:
451:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
427:
422:
419:
415:
409:
405:
404:
399:
392:
389:
384:
378:
374:
370:
366:
360:
357:
345:
341:
335:
332:
326:
324:
321:
319:
318:
314:
310:
307:
306:peroxo group,
303:
295:
293:
290:
284:
282:
269:
266:
256:
255:zinc peroxide
241:
230:
226:
223:
216:in gas phase.
201:
191:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
144:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
112:
110:
108:
104:
103:covalent bond
100:
99:orbital shell
96:
92:
88:
80:
78:
76:
72:
64:
60:
56:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1458:
1451:
1365:Vinyl halide
1322:
1252:Borinic acid
1247:Boronic acid
1224:Thioxanthate
564:Hydrocarbons
515:
505:
482:
476:
464:. Retrieved
459:
450:
429:
421:
402:
398:March, Jerry
391:
368:
359:
347:. Retrieved
343:
334:
322:
317:
316:
308:
305:
302:peroxy group
301:
299:
296:Nomenclature
291:
288:
280:
164:Peroxy acids
158:
140:
130:
113:Common forms
87:substituents
84:
70:
55:free radical
42:
36:
1429:Thiocyanate
1424:Sulfonamide
1389:Perchlorate
1377:Acyl halide
1338:Fluoroethyl
1219:Thionoester
1107:Phosphonium
1092:Phosphinate
1087:Phosphonous
1075:Phosphonate
774:Hydroperoxy
596:Cyclopropyl
1333:Haloalkane
1204:Thioketone
1159:Persulfide
1055:Phosphorus
1020:Isocyanate
1010:Isonitrile
911:or oxygen
909:hydrogen,
905:not being
886:Orthoester
779:Dioxiranes
757:Enol ether
645:1-Propenyl
512:"Peroxide"
327:References
91:net charge
1494:Peroxides
1466:inorganic
1300:Tellurium
1214:Thioester
1179:Sulfoxide
1164:Disulfide
1152:Sulfonium
1102:Phosphine
1080:Phosphite
1063:Phosphate
995:Carbamate
970:Hydrazone
903:element,
901:Only one
874:Anhydride
613:Methylene
491:cite book
466:March 25,
436:peroxides
47:compounds
43:peroxides
39:chemistry
1488:Category
1447:See also
1382:Chloride
1308:Tellurol
1262:Selenium
1229:Xanthate
943:Ammonium
925:Nitrogen
907:carbon,
864:Carboxyl
831:Aldehyde
819:Acryloyl
801:carbonyl
705:hydrogen
660:Cumulene
400:(2007),
349:June 19,
135:moieties
107:reducing
1471:organic
1270:Selenol
1194:Sulfone
1147:Sulfide
1045:NONOate
1040:Nitroso
1030:Nitrite
1025:Nitrate
1015:Cyanate
1005:Nitrile
990:Amidine
985:Imidate
955:Nitrene
950:Hydrazo
938:Enamine
869:Acetoxy
857:carboxy
824:Benzoyl
762:Epoxide
745:Methoxy
735:Alcohol
689:Carbene
623:Methine
276:C−O−O−H
272:C−O−O−C
186:E−O−O−E
127:peracid
51:R−O−O−R
1370:Iodide
1290:Selone
1134:Sulfur
843:Ketone
836:Ketene
814:Acetyl
769:Peroxy
740:Alkoxy
730:Acetal
711:oxygen
700:carbon
684:Alkyne
677:Benzyl
672:Phenyl
655:Allene
650:Crotyl
630:Alkene
618:Bridge
606:Pentyl
591:Propyl
581:Methyl
462:. 2004
410:
379:
253:) and
59:oxygen
18:Peroxy
1402:Other
1239:Boron
1209:Thial
1142:Thiol
1035:Nitro
1000:Imide
980:Amide
965:Oxime
960:Imine
933:Amine
881:Ester
848:Ynone
752:Ether
723:R-O-R
698:Only
640:Allyl
635:Vinyl
601:Butyl
586:Ethyl
576:Alkyl
426:IUPAC
188:(E =
1324:Halo
809:Acyl
709:and
667:Aryl
497:link
468:2024
408:ISBN
377:ISBN
351:2024
344:UCLA
281:tert
170:and
131:blue
975:Azo
440:doi
438:".
274:or
259:ZnO
238:),
233:BaO
67:O−O
37:In
1490::
707:,
702:,
514:.
493:}}
489:{{
458:.
428:,
375:.
342:.
264:).
244:Na
192:).
41:,
548:e
541:t
534:v
518:.
499:)
470:.
442::
385:.
353:.
285:.
261:2
257:(
250:2
248:O
246:2
242:(
235:2
231:(
213:2
211:O
209:2
207:H
178:.
153:2
151:O
149:2
147:H
145:(
137:.
34:.
20:)
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