Percy Glading - Knowledge (XXG)

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Brandes' replacements arrived, Glading could not send any of the material which his agents had passed to him. As for money, Brandes had left him with the best part of £300 to finance operations before he left. But this had to run out at some point, especially as Glading had been instructed to purchase gifts for all his agents and contacts, presumably as a means of keeping them in touch. This further irritated Glading. This was a large number of people, many of whom he already considered as little more than mercenaries. Glading had also been instructed to take at least one of them out for lunch—"a fine figure of a woman", he told Gray, "who had done her best to impress him with her beauty, without success"—and whom he hated. Glading took such a dim view of her—and of his having to reward her—because, as he put it, she only did "about one job in five years". She could not be ignored, however, as she "knew enough to be nasty".

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Although the men could be searched by the Arsenal's security on entry, even the simple expedient of folding the plans between a folded-up newspaper was sufficient to avoid detection on at least one occasion. Olga Gray, says Davenport-Hines, brewed a pot of tea for the group "while the films were hung in the bathroom to dry". Gray was later able—by standing on the edge of the bath—to surreptitiously note down the serial numbers of the pieces of blueprint. In November, Glading removed the camera to his own house in South Harrow. The following January, Glading informed Gray he had a major operation coming up. This was the copying, not just of a blueprint, but a 200-page manual. For this purpose, the security services laid on extra watchers at Glading's house, where the work was to take place. It began on 15 January; it must have been completed overnight, as the following day, Glading was observed taking a package to

1642:. Although at the time, Baldwin publicly denied this was ever policy, there were to be a number of subsequent dismissals from the civil service for the same cause. Henry (Harry) Pollitt himself had been refused a job there in 1926 because of his high-profile position within the CPGB, and by February the following year, the government tightened its "pre-hire screening" to prohibit the employment of "undesirable" persons. Those, like Glading, so screened "were permanently blacklisted from government work". Conversely, where an individual was suspected of CPGB membership, but such could not be proven, generally no action was taken. A case in point is that of Arthur Hunt, who also worked at the Arsenal, and between 1931 and 1940 was suspected of passing information to the Soviets. In 1939 he was arrested for 985: 956:

whom Glading told her had been "an Austrian who had served during the War in the Russian cavalry". Peters was sometimes accompanied by a colleague; MI5 later identified them as Maly and Deutsch. Glading, Gray said later, found Deutsch an unpleasant individual; Glading told her that he had to tolerate Deutsch "for business reasons". Deutsch had run the Soviet spy network in England since February 1934, and Glading began introducing other people to him for recruitment (in one case, a father, swiftly followed by his son). Throughout this time the flat was under occasional observation by the secret service; Glading could spend hours in the flats and sometimes as little as twenty minutes, often bringing Gray with him and then leaving her there.

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bus maps) with home-made cameras to make the end product as clear to their Russian recipients as possible. Glading saw Gray as a valuable member of his team: in May 1937, he suggested she give up her job, take a professional photography course, and work for him in the flat full-time. In return, he offered to make up her salary to five pounds a week; Gray accepted, although she was worried that she knew far too little of photography to be of much use; Glading reassured her. He also paid for her to take a holiday which she took at the end of June. Gray was expected to reside at the flat, and Glading promised her that he would only arrive by appointment. On 11 October 1937, Glading instructed Gray to replace the gateleg table with a

1364:. Little is known of Glading's life or career after his release from prison. He had become estranged from his wife at some point before his trial. Nigel West wrongly concluded that Glading was "stripped of his CPGB membership" and moved to China where he later died. Glading returned to party work as an industrial organiser on his release from prison in 1944, John Mahon makes a reference to Glading's wartime activity: Pollitt's diary entry of 6 July 1944 says that Glading "has roof and windows out, I met him for a chat. Early this year his factory was bombed out, a man from the Air Ministry congratulated him on the way he got the workers to tackle the damage and then continue work on an urgent job in the open air". 244: 7346: 419: 1401:, because Glading had, after all, "been Harry's best man at his wedding". Indeed, it is quite probable that West does not know what he was talking about; as Pollitt—who was writing his autobiography whilst Glading was still imprisoned— went to the trouble of acknowledging Glading as his friend. This was in spite of the fact that Pollitt was well-known to be "extremely suspicious" of spies or anything that could incriminate him in their work. Glading's obituary, written by Rajani Dutt, omits all mention of his spying activities, merely stating that on his return from Russia, Glading "was engaged until his trial in trade union activities". 683: 1257:

limited" MI5 success. The case exposed a concrete connection between the CPGB and Soviet espionage. It had the negative consequence (for the service), however, of reinforcing the erroneous notion that the CPGB was the most dangerous security threat of the period, and that members of the party were all willing tools of the NKVD. According to Richard Thurlow, this meant that the idea that "Soviet moles and secret communists could be recruited into the governing class from British universities was not considered as a plausible possibility in the 1930s", even though it allowed the recruitment of the

873:) spy ring. To Glading they went under the names "Mr and Mrs Stevens", but they only stayed in London a few weeks before making their way to Paris. In that time, Glading met them at Forset Court. This in itself was a "highly unusual step" according to William Duff but essential in assessing the material Glading expected to collect and the resources he needed to do so. They also met Glading's agent within Royal Arsenal, George Whomack, and photographed some secret documents in the Holland Road safe house. Glading and the Stevens also received blueprints from George Whomack in 371:. Then, in July 1928, when it discussed the further question of affiliation to it, extant minutes of this meeting show the members as being split down the middle, nine for and nine against: Glading was in favour of the motion. Harry Wicks, in his autobiography, later described Glading, Pollitt and himself as being consistently "on the left within the party, thoroughly dissatisfied with what they saw as the right-wing actions of its CentraI Committee". In May 1929, he was appointed a factory member of the CPGB's Political Bureau, although his tenure was to be brief. 1185:

Other charges facing him were possession of an anti-tank mine pistol, obtaining plans for a submarine mine fuse, and other plans "calculated to be useful to an enemy". Ironically, in case anyone was in any doubt as to the importance placed upon the naval gun, the Attorney General, questioned by the Judge, emphasised its significance in open court. The precise nature of Britain's enemy was never made clear, being only referred to as a "foreign power". The reportage made it clear that the Soviet Union was almost certainly the culprit.

1278:—were "put on ice" until their safety could be ascertained. Conversely, MI5 bizarrely failed to follow up some of the leads they had been given. On Sirnis, for example, the file that was started on her in 1938 "was soon closed without any effective consequence". Tudor-Hart, too, even though clearly (although perhaps peripherally) involved in Glading's cell, faced no effective action from the secret service. MI5's own report into the Glading affair was itself removed, copied and transmitted to Moscow in 1941 by the Soviet spy 1228:, told the accused that Glading was "endeavouring to do anything could to help another country and injure this. This is own country but I cannot quite believe that this had any effect on your mind". The judge wondered whether, as perhaps evinced by Glading's prosperous existence, he might have profited financially from his work with Moscow and that he was motivated by money rather than ideology. Whatever his motive, the outcome was never in doubt. On 14 March 1938, Glading received a sentence of six years' imprisonment ( 442:, then an illegal organisation—were arrested and tried for organising a railway strike there in 1925. They were charged with conspiring to form a branch of the Comintern in India and overthrow the government. Robinson says Glading saw their trial as violating the men's "fundamental civil liberties"—particularly as the group had to wait over two years to even be brought to trial—and that this made them "the final justification for the eventual overthrow of the ruling class" in India. Glading had been arrested along with 753:

agents were either present or ex-members of the CPGB. Unlike most Soviet agents, Glading did not have a cover job; nor did he organise a cover story. John Curry, in the official history of MI5, notes that Glading—indeed, all Soviet CPGB recruits—effectively ceased all party activity from the point that they were recruited. These were effectively "fake resignations" (and, indeed, were described as such later by Pollitt himself, who was almost certainly aware of Glading's espionage career). The Soviets gave him the

574: 662:(LAI), where he first encountered Olga Gray, who joined the LAI in 1932. In June 1931, Glading was suspected of personally receiving the CPGB's intelligence reports from its various espionage groups and being the individual responsible for sending them to the USSR. Some of Glading's pro-Soviet activities were undertaken with his wife, who shared his political outlook. She too, for example, had links with the Kirchenstein circle. Another of Glading's associates was Jessie Ayriss, who was married to 470:, in Glading's 1970 obituary, reported that Glading was eventually "deported under the authority of the Viceroy". Covert journeys to India such as these were common for the CPGB during this period. Pollitt was to persuade Olga Gray to make such a trip in 1934 to transfer funds from Glading to the Indian communist movement. She left England on 11 June 1934 and met Glading in Paris to receive the money and instructions. On her return, Glading obtained work for Gray as Pollitt's secretary. 997:

controllers. "These blokes", Glading had observed to her, "live on a volcano the whole time they are over here, and when they do go home you do not know if they will ever come back". Also, she said, Glading was keen to "continue to practice with the photographic apparatus to perfect their technique as he did not like being dependent on the vagaries of foreigners". It was his lack of trust in Brandes' competence that led him to place so much reliance on Gray's newly-learned skills.

1048: 232: 7310: 619:(ROP). It had been founded three years earlier by the Russian government to enable it to market its oil resources directly to the West. Although primarily a trading organisation, it also provided the opportunity to transmit back to Moscow any industrial and scientific intelligence its staff obtained. In 1929, Glading was promoted to the CPGB's London politburo and immediately left for Russia under the name James Brownlie. In Moscow he studied at the 7370: 7322: 1120:. Another made reference to Edith Tudor-Hart. Along with the explosives manual on film, they also found blueprints for a new aircraft design. Although Glading had been careful to wear gloves whenever he used the camera at Holland Road, he had slipped up once when he changed a lightbulb: this was all that the police needed. Chief Inspector Birch of Scotland Yard found fingerprints with a microscope, as he later told the press. 7298: 544:, also of the CPGB. Glading reported that "no Indian Communist groups existed at all", and that those he had met "were useless". Roy disputed this. He claimed that Glading had not encountered any Indian communists because they were unsure whether to make themselves known to him. Conversely, Glading believed he had found a communications problem between Indian communists and those aiding the movement from the outside. 1010:

be reined in by his superiors". In November 1937, the CPGB Secretariat wrote to him asking him to reconsider his earlier resignation and re-join the party "of which you were such an active member". Burke suggests that, far from being a solicitous invitation to reconnect with old comrades in struggle, it was "little more than an instruction to sever connections with the 'secret' party and to re-join the 'open' party".

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suggested, "the government came to recognise that it could not rely as it had previously upon Royal Ordinance factories to meet the nation's military needs". For men like Glading, however, regardless of its position in the national infrastructure, on a personal level, "jobs at Woolwich offered stable hours and good wages, and were highly desirable in interwar Britain".

1261:. Thurlow has also described the Glading case as an example of how MI5 could, on the one hand, successfully penetrate a subversive organisation, and yet, on the other, still not understand the significance of the intelligence it received by doing so. And Glading's was not to be the last case of its kind. Less than five years later, the CPGB's national organiser 1080:; it was thought that this was the means by which plans were smuggled out of the Arsenal. The man he received it from—Albert Williams—was also arrested. The envelope was found to contain a blueprint of some pressurized machinery under development at the Arsenal. When the police searched Williams' flat, photographic equipment was found. Whomack, who lived in 1701:

noted that by the time Glading was arrested, "several years had passed" since his attendance there, and "it is not at all clear" that the School provided the foundations of his work. They question whether he learned much more than "rudimentary" tradecraft, and suggest Glading was probably there for ideological indoctrination rather than practical training.

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was active too, releasing a manifesto denouncing what they described as Glading's victimisation. In this, they claimed the company's actions to be merely the precursor of ridding naval and military installations of proletarian militancy. The CPGB took the opportunity to denounce "capitalist exploitation and prais class war". Glading's case became a

394:, and was assistant head of the CPGB's Organisation Bureau. Glading's MI5 file had been opened in 1922, and consisted of "notes on his official activities, intercepted correspondence and accounts of his movements". At this stage, though, there was nothing particularly compromising about his behaviour. It was his links to the communist 850:(an examiner in the Inspectorate of Armaments Department), all of whom later provided him with secret material and blueprints. Glading's group was one of two active in England in the early 1930s; little is known of the other but it is thought to have been associated—as Glading himself had been—around the Russian Oil Products front. 631:. Glading's obituary, written later by Rajani Dutt, made no mention of the Lenin School, reporting that he spent "a year in the Soviet Union where he witnessed the great agrarian changeover from individual petty-bourgeoise holdings to collective farming". Following his graduation, Glading came under the aegis of the 877:. Mrs Stevens, who was travelling in the guise of a photographer for a furniture company, assisted with the photography during their stay. It was immediately after Glading met the Brandes that he instructed Olga Gray to find a suitable flat or apartment (for example, he specified that there should be no 1484:

attempted to justify the operation by reading a handful of deciphered telegrams in parliament. These proved Soviet guilt of espionage. They also caused the Soviets—aware that the British secret services could intercept their communications—to change their encryption to a virtually unbreakable system,

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It is also not certain that the CPGB renounced all contact with Glading as West claims. There was clearly some distancing, but it has been suggested that "once the dust had settled", Henry Pollitt authorised "discreet relations" from the party to Glading. Certainly, Glading was—for the last few years

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of obtaining secrets for, and betraying secrets to, a foreign power. With Whomack, he was charged with possessing a naval plan; with Williams, obtaining an anti-tank mine pistol and of procuring information of use to an enemy; with Munday, Glading was charged with obtaining information on explosives.

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The case proved to be something of a cause célèbre in both Britain and the United States. The press described the protagonists in florid terms: Gray was—supposedly—of aristocratic lineage, who "had forgotten more about courage than many soldiers ever learned on the battlefield". Glading meanwhile was

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bar to discuss a "significant" operation he had planned for 82 Holland Road that same night. He had brought a suitcase with him; she was to be at the safe house by 6:00 PM. William Duff quotes Glading as telling Gray that Glading had "got the stuff parked all over London"—negatives of blueprints

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In November 1937 the Brandes were recalled to Moscow, supposedly for family reasons. By now, Glading was "running out of money and patience". Glading told Gray on 17 January that he would be reduced to borrowing money to fund the operation, "if something did not happen within a week or so". Until the

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for their large-scale photography work. Three sets of keys were cut, of which Glading kept two. During his later prosecution, Gray described some of the activities that went on. The team focussed on photography—which Glading told her was of "a very secret nature"—and began extensive testing (on local

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The Indian masses, imprisoned, butchered and murdered by the Imperialist governments of Tories, Liberals and Labour. These workers repudiated their old leaders, found new class-conscious fighters during the class battles, and have set up new revolutionary working-class unions. These new forces, which

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as a "paid Comintern agitator") and fifty-six other men, but, there being insufficient evidence to hold him, was released. The Indians were less successful and had to wait three or four years before their case even came up. It has been suggested that Roy both opposed Glading's expedition and had been

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the previous year (where Pollitt had first met her). Glading and Pollitt's colleague in the CPGB—and later the latter's biographer—wrote of their escapades in St Malo. Pollitt, says Mahon, borrowed an expensive-looking watch from Glading to make an impression on Brewer: "In later years", wrote Mahon,

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Glading's operations within the Arsenal were extremely risky, due to its high-security status and his own impatience. He no longer had the Russians supporting him which also increased his chances of capture. Robinson has described him as "somewhat of an over-zealous renegade who, at times, needed to

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had recruited him by June 1934. He may have felt, as others did, that to be a "good communist" one should "carry out intelligence work which strengthened the USSR". Either way, the first indication that Glading was shifting his focus came in 1936 when he resigned from the CPGB. Like Glading, all his

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cross-referenced the names of known communists with positions of sensitive employment. Special Branch wanted him sacked as soon as possible; Glading was thus in the latter group. In 1928, he and others were dismissed for "refusing to renounce their communist beliefs" and, at least in Glading's case,

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of March 1927. Kevin Quinlan says this led to suspicions that Glading was a "conduit for the Comintern in the early part of his career". MI5 described him as "a red-hot communist", and as one of the party's "most influential members" of the period. Through his CPGB activities Glading had by now been

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in the AEU offices (and "in very frequent communication with Glading") went to the police with what he knew. This, in turn, attracted MI5's attention to Pyke, whom for a time they believed to be the "Mr Stevens" who visited Holland Road. Although politically to the left, Pyke would be a significant

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Olga Gray, although she was able to give her evidence at Glading's trial anonymously, had been "terrified" at the prospect. Hennessey and Thomas have argued that, at this point, "the reality of her role struck home: that she had effectively destroyed a man who had trusted her implicitly and of whom

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of MI5 describes how Glading would receive various important blueprints which he would photograph at Holland Road, and return the same night. Gray, who was responsible for the photography, was to take and develop the photographs, but not to print the negatives. When the house was later searched, it

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During their tenure in London, the Stevens' were regular visitors to the flat. Mr Stevens was often deep in discussion with Glading while Mrs Stevens assisted Gray with the photography. Gray also met other acquaintances of Glading's at the flat. For example, in April that year, she met a Mr Peters,

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was also found guilty of spying for the Soviets and received seven years' imprisonment. Ultimately, Richard Thurlow says little is actually known of both the Glading Case in particular, and Soviet spy rings of the period more generally, for the simple reason that "so few files have been released".

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was clever enough to realise that the flat should be rented by someone unknown to MI5. He was clever enough to see that a young woman called Olga Gray, who had been recruited to secret Comintern work from a CPGB front organisation, was the perfect person to help...unfortunately for Glading and the

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Should MI5 have discovered the name of a person described by Olga Gray...as 'another man short and rather bumptious in manner' who was working with Glading, they would have had no problem in finding out everything else about Dr Deutsch. But they did have a problem because that bumptious man turned

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with demands that he personally overturn the sacking. However, Baldwin did not intervene, the Labour Party did not raise it in parliament, and Glading did not get his job back. But says Jennifer Luff of the case, "TUC leaders had defended the civil liberties of a communist member" openly. The CPGB

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Melita Sirnis, later Norwood, managed a safe-house in Finchley where Glading stored equipment. She has been described as "the most important spy ever recruited by the KGB." Her career was to span over forty years; when war broke out in 1939, she was, by her Moscow controllers, "more highly valued

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Burke suggests that by now, "Glading was becoming a liability. He had by-passed the Russians and had embarked on a one-man spying odyssey" when all the while Moscow may have actually been trying to reduce its activity in London (as the recall and non-replacement of Maly and the Stevens suggests).

1718:, a cut-out's role is to act as "the go-between, or link, between separate components of an organisation" who thus "makes it unnecessary for the clandestine agent to know the exact identity of persons superior to him in the organisation". Also one who links a section chief with a source of supply. 1326:. She was particularly interested in information that Glading possessed that may have helped prove or deny what she was learning from her then-ongoing debriefing of Walter Krivitsky. Guy Liddell, a colleague of Sissimore's in the secret service, later wrote in his diary entry for 13 October 1939: 1294:

compared it to "an imaginary soccer match between Manchester United and Corinthian Casuals", such was the disparity between the Soviet and British security services in resources, professionalism and influence. In the context of Cecil's analogy, MI5's success in breaking up Glading's cell has been

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By the time of his arrest, Glading had been responsible for the recruitment of at least eight other spies, probably all within Woolwich. To this day, however, they are known only by their codenames, and it is impossible to identify the roles they played within Glading's group. Although two of the

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Around 1934, Soviet Intelligence recruited Glading as a spy. Although he no longer worked at the Arsenal, he had maintained contact with men of similar sympathies who still did so. The Arsenal was of interest to the Soviets, who knew that Britain was on the verge of creating the biggest naval gun

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and education), and the one year course, where operatives were trained in the specialist tradecraft necessary for their future clandestine operations. It has been questioned, though, how much use the School may have actually been to Glading in his later Intelligence career. Cohen and Morgan have

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There would have been much for him to see. The Indian police, for example, was "more violent than their British counterparts, and the workers were clearly more oppressed than those at home. Indeed, the conditions in India often resembled those in Britain during the mid-nineteenth century". These

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On Saturday morning I met two trains arriving from Flushing, expecting to intercept Glading and others who were to be present at the Conference, but as they did not arrive I again visited the contact address and discovered that Glading, Dutt and Uphadyaya were already there, having arrived by an

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I refuse to renounce my beliefs or membership of the Communist Party. I did not adopt my present political views lightly or thoughtlessly, but after deep study and considerable experience of working-class life ... I was not aware that the Admiralty employed Communists, Labourists, Liberals, and

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The Woolwich spy ring has been used as an example of the patience of early Soviet spymasters in creating and providing for their networks. The case showed, for example, how "Soviet intelligence did not possess a monopoly of 'sleepers' and 'moles' permeating targets", and was a "significant, if

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that was now in production at the Royal Arsenal, and that Whomack was removing the blueprints for it and bringing them to Holland Road for copying. The copying was done by Stevens in 42 exposures on the evening of 21 October 1937, and then the blueprint was returned over night or the next day.

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Gray later said Glading was becoming anxious; work seemed to have dried up after the naval gun affair. On at least one occasion around this time, Gray said Glading arrived at the flat drunk and jittery. She also reported his detached attitude towards the recall—and presumed execution—of their

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says it seems likely that the Woolwich spy ring was created by the NKVD to gain possession of a top-secret large naval gun that the Arsenal was believed to be researching. Glading had been informed of these plans—of which only five copies were ever made—at some time in 1935 by contacts in the

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When interviewed Glading was rather stuffy at first but gradually, under a great deal of flattery, his own conceit got the better of him. The conversation developed on professional lines and in the end, Glading even softened towards "Miss X", when he realised that he had placed her in a very

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actually required; Woolwich was increasingly seen as having too small a productive capacity to give it the significance it had once had. Where it had employed a "remarkable" 73,000 people in 1917, by 1940 that figure had fallen by over half, and even at the beginning of the war, it has been

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trial took place only two months after his arrest; this, says Robinson, is testament to how "clear-cut" the case against him was. The evidence presented included "a mass of incriminating documents and photographic material". Glading pled guilty. His solicitors, instructed by the CPGB, were

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and the Party's subsequent period of self-reflection. Glading consistently pushed for a more independent communist line (independent, that is, from the Comintern). In January 1929, Glading and Pollitt were in the minority over the question of the progressive (or otherwise) nature of the

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and propaganda divisions against Nazi Germany within a few years. Later that same March, an insurance broker, who had also visited Pyke at AEU headquarters, reported similar suspicions to the police. Both men had been prompted by Glading's capture and trial to make their accusations.

174:(AEU), but his political activity resulted in dismissal from the Royal Arsenal, a security-sensitive post, as the government regularly dismissed those suspected of subversive activities from its employment. MI5 opened a file on him in 1925 and considered him an extreme communist. The 1138:

Although Glading was undoubtedly the organiser of this group of Communist sub-agents, he was not free to run the group and recruit agents as he thought fit, but was under control of the foreign resident in Britain, except for a period of two months immediately prior to his arrest.

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The sources are not clear as to whom or when Glading married, or, indeed, how many times he did so. It seems likely that he married at least twice. One wife has been named Elizabeth, born the same year as Glading. He also, it seems, married an Austrian, who may have been called

801:, and claiming, Hoare said, that Russian re-armament made the Royal Navy look a "mere bagatelle". Doubtless, says Davenport-Hines, Glading and Moody went to a pub, having much to discuss in the "implicit threats to Soviet security being revealed at Montreux and Southampton". 585:, the government mandated that those employed in security-sensitive roles should have their political backgrounds examined. Those who were found to have subversive ideas had to renounce them or lose their jobs. Glading's politically motivated trip to India was uncovered when 1866:

could mean for his work—when later organising his own safe house, he was emphatic that the building should not have one—as was later revealed at his trial, Forset Court almost certainly had one of its own: and this concierge was indeed a member of the secret service, as a

835:(SOE) who was acquainted with Cairncross. But Davenport-Hines says Klugmann refused to meet them, "until they had been endorsed by a CPGB member whom he trusted". That man was Glading, who travelled to Paris and vouched for the KGB men; Cairncross was soon recruited. 35: 1802:

Moody was a fellow traveller with Glading in the CPGB, but his overall significance in the party—and thus the importance of his meetings with Glading—are hard to fathom, since many of MI5's files on him were destroyed when a wartime bomb hit their archive in

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he kept at various locations—and that he mentioned a pre-arranged meeting with someone that evening, again at Charing Cross. This was the cue the security services had been waiting for. Gray telephoned MI5 and duly reported what Glading had told her.

707:'s information on its activities had been confined to surveillance and technical data. When surveillance uncovered what they believed to be a "more sinister cadre" within the CPGB, MI5 infiltrated it with undercover agents. From the late 1920s, the 1005:

made him a "liability", according to David Burke. The reason he gave Gray for wanting to take the camera from Holland Road to South Harrow was that his own camera was the wrong size for the stand, and he had had to balance it "on a pile of books".

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in the workplace. Unfortunately for Glading, five months later, one member observed that the organisation "has not been heard of since". Further, Glading and Scott were expelled from the AEU for condemning their union's national leadership.

1209:. Pritt's defence of Whomack was more energetic, and he lambasted the Official Secrets Act for making it "far too easy to be charged for misdemeanour merely by wandering too close to a dockyard" or anywhere else such secret plans were kept. 1123:

Imprisoned before trial, it is possible that he confessed his leading role in the organisation to a fellow inmate, although doubt has been cast on whether the Woolwich spy ring was ever big enough to warrant a strict hierarchy of its own.

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yet. Glading had set up a safe house in Holland Park, West London, where he photographed various sensitive plans and blueprints. Unbeknown to him, the secret service had infiltrated the CPGB in 1931, with an agent known later as "Miss X"—

1449:, under classmarks KV 2/1020–1023, although "material which could allegedly damage national security or national interest, or would compromise sources and agents, is retained under sections 3.4 and 5.1 of the Public Records Act of 1958". 1107:

textbook. Also found was a diary. This—described by McKnight as "cryptic, though decipherable"—revealed that Glading was "less than thorough" in his tradecraft. One diary entry the secret service was unable to crack made a reference to

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to do so. This took place almost immediately. Inspector Thomas Thompson (of the Special Branch) observed Glading receive an envelope which was later discovered to contain blueprints. The suitcase in his possession was found to have a

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for the Soviet spy network in Britain, and MI5 feared it had planned all-out sabotage in the event of war between the two countries ever breaking out. Of the company's staff in Britain, approximately a third were members of the

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He was eventually arrested in January 1938 in the act of exchanging sensitive material from the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. Predominantly due to the testimony of "Miss X", Glading was found guilty and sentenced to six years of

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on 29 November 1893. He later described his youth as being "the usual joys experienced by hundreds of poor proletarian families". His father worked on the railways, and Glading grew up in Henniker Road, Stratford, near the

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Glading was probably attempting to keep the cell operating under his own aegis. Yet, aspects of Gray's report suggest that Glading was himself insufficiently trained to do such specialised work. His attempts to keep the

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What was reported, however, had the side effect of drawing the general public's attention towards the issue of Soviet espionage. On day two of Glading's trial, for example, a welder who had seen anti-fascist agitator

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Glading returned to Britain in 1930, where he began working for the CPGB's colonial department. Based in a top-floor office at 23 Great Ormond Street, he was the Soviet link between ROP and the CPGB. He served as a

857:, a member of the OGPU's Technical Section, who was travelling with his wife under false Canadian passports (as Willy and Mary Brandes) and had arrived in London in October 1936. They lived in Forset Court off the 694:

In the post-World War One period, an upsurge in communist activity in British industry, particularly in armaments and munitions factories led to employers in these sectors beginning to lay off workers suspected of

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MI5 disagreed with the trial judge's suggestion that Glading was motivated by money. Maxwell Knight concluded that he was clearly ideologically driven, although one who "bafflingly" had an aversion to foreigners.

564:

at the Engineers' Rank and File Movement local conference in Yorkshire. This was a caucus within the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) which rejected a national pay settlement in 1931 and urged the formation of

1015:

October 11: photographic apparatus arrived. October 13: another meeting—G and Mrs S who spoke French. October 18: Mr and Mrs S experimented 3½ hours, photographing maps of London Underground. G very jumpy.

6104: 7420: 347:

Glading and Pollitt had been among the founders of the CPGB, Pollitt was to be its General Secretary between 1929 and 1939 and from 1941 to 1956. When it was founded, there had been a proposal that a

1624:

Woolwich Arsenal still played a significant role in the country's military research and development, although, now, post World War One, the world was fully aware of the sheer amount of ordnance that

1981:

Glading, suggests Burke, "had unilaterally decided to increase the flow of information. By now he considered himself an indispensable wheel in the Soviet intelligence machinery, not merely a cog".

1882:

This was a wise precaution for Glading to take: Willy Brandes managed to escape without capture after his porter at Forset Court told him that MI5 had visited and asked him to identify his tenant.

1385:—edited by Glading's old comrade from the 1925 Amsterdam conference—published an obituary to Glading in 1970. This stated that he had died on 15 April that year, at the age of 77, at his home in 5609: 4732: 1059:

After a seven-year operation, Olga Gray set Glading up for arrest. On 20 January he telephoned Gray at the safe house, asking her to meet him the next day. Glading took Gray out to lunch at the

1473:

It disclosed nothing that had not been known before, and failed to produce the highly important War Office documents the rumoured theft of which served as excuse for the raid. The official

745:

had been recruited. London, comments West, "had become a veritable centre of Soviet espionage". Meanwhile, MI5 at full strength had a complement of only 26 agents at the beginning of 1938.

885:

guards—on the day the document had been released to the arsenal. Around this time Glading told Gray that he was "doing hardly any work for the party now, it is mostly for other people".

1967:

Absences for senior handlers such as occurred to Glading was endemic in Soviet intelligence operations throughout Europe between 1937 and early 1939. This, a direct result of Stalin's

1397:, which he contributed to pseudonymously. His rehabilitation within the CPGB may have been partly because there was "more than a sense of a honey trap in the case"—but also, suggests 786: 1232:). Williams was sentenced to four years, Whomack to three. Munday's charges were withdrawn by the prosecution. Duff argues it is possible that this was the result of his making a 597:(TUC). They spent the next four months pursuing his case against Royal Arsenal management. Efforts included discussions with Labour MPs in parliament and barraging Prime Minister 323:

In 1925 he moved from grinding at the Arsenal to the Naval Department as a gun examiner. By now he was known to the security services. On 10 October the same year, Glading was

1462:(ARCOS) had been raided by Special Branch on the information of MI5, suspecting that Arcos was a cover organisation for espionage activity in London. The next day, the Soviet 458:

specifically and more generally to promote the Communist Party. Nigel West says Glading was unimpressed by the efforts of the Indian Communist Party to organise the workers.

315:, described Glading as having "thick lips" and "lank hair". He "wore large round glasses that made him look like an overgrown schoolboy" but was "quick-witted and likeable". 1201:. They—at the CPGB's request—advised him to change his plea to Not Guilty; this Glading did. But they presented little evidence in his favour and carried out only minimal 344:"when had come off second best in a tiff with Marjorie, who always had a mind of her own, he would say to Percy, 'It's all your fault for lending me that bloody watch'." 1477:

containing the documents found in the raid was thin evidence indeed, and led to no arrests or charges for illegal or subversive activities by Russian or British subjects.

250:

Detail from a copy of Percy Glading's birth certificate, giving his parents' names as James Glading, general labourer, and Mary Ann, née Purkis, living in Leyton in 1894.

7390: 6096: 5350: 159:

at the Arsenal, and after the war, he chose to involve himself in working-class politics. He joined the forerunner of the CPGB, which he later founded with his friend

6158:

Thurlow, R. (2004). "Soviet Spies and British Counter-Intelligence in the 1930s: Espionage in the Woolwich Arsenal and the Foreign Office Communications Department".

581:

Back at Woolwich Arsenal, he again took up his post as an examiner in the naval ordnance department. Glading's career back at Woolwich was short lived. Following the

881:

to espy their comrades' comings and goings). Glading's operation at Woolwich consisted of George Whomack smuggling out blueprints at the end of a late shift—past

748:

MI5 believed that it was in the mid-1930s that Glading turned his attention from "domestic subversion to international espionage". The KGB's own files state that

1084:, was arrested the following week. Williams believed that their capture was mainly due to Glading's recklessness which led him to take insufficient precautions. 2070:

Blunt even told Moscow the names of the MI5 watchers who had brought down Glading's cell: "Hutchie and Long, who did the main work in the Miss-X–Glading case".

922:

100 annual rent (equivalent to £8,150 in 2023), and he paid Gray the monthly instalments to settle herself. Glading also provided £60 to buy furniture on

1291: 632: 1743:. On the other hand, says Jennifer Luff, although communists were indeed automatically suspect, "charges of sabotage were never substantiated" against them. 1466:

officially protested that the raid had been illegal. Despite the high-profile and resource-heavy nature of the raid, little benefit came from it. Historian

288:. This was an extensive government-run military-industrial complex supplying weapons and munitions to the Army and Royal Navy. In 1914 he was involved in a 7425: 1206: 430:

In 1925 Glading was the first member of the CPGB to travel to India—under the pseudonym Robert Cochrane—pushing the CPGB policy of promoting revolution in

1274:

were never uncovered. NKVD operations in London were temporarily curtailed, while agents, who may have been compromised by contact with Glading—such as

2044:

These individuals were "Attila," "Naslednik," "Otets," "Ber," "Saul," "Chauffeur," "Nelly," and "Margaret". The latter were recruited as late as 1937.

816:, both "top class" Comintern recruiters. Maly was a Hungarian ex-priest and Deutsch an Austrian Communist, and they had been tasked with recruiting a 1360:

By the time Glading was released, Pollitt had lost his post as General Secretary to the CPGB in a split within the Central Committee, in 1939, over

687: 280:

in his last years of school. He left school aged 12 to work as a milkman and two years later he joined the railways as a trainee engineer. He spent

166:

Glading was a national organiser for the CPGB and acted as its ambassador abroad, particularly to India. He was active in other groups, such as the

243: 5877:

Pattinson, J. (2016). "The Twilight War: Gender and Espionage, Britain 1900–1950". In Pedersen, J.; Sharoni, S.; Welland, J.; Steiner, L. (eds.).

1892: 6195:

Thurlow, R. (2005). "The Security Service, the Communist Party of Great Britain and British Fascism, 1932–51". In Copsey, N.; Renton, D. (eds.).

2000:

Gray developed a fondness for Glading, whom she described as "a very nice man with a little daughter" who was a "stimulating conversationalist".

1761:

At 360 millimetres (14 in), this gun, says Burke, "was a significant alteration to existing treaties limiting the size of naval guns"; the

6486: 4972: 1971:

of the Communist Party and associated political and security apparatus, saw many experienced controllers recalled to Moscow and often executed.

1337:] Court who swore that Glading had visited Brandes' flat. This he said was a lie. Otherwise, he regarded the whole business as a fair cop. 1638:

Through his sacking, Glading had inadvertently uncovered circumstantial evidence of the government's secret policy to bar communists from the

7440: 6501: 6454: 6389: 6370: 6351: 6332: 6313: 6294: 6275: 6252: 6204: 6148: 6129: 6085: 6066: 6047: 6028: 5980: 5924: 5886: 5830: 5782: 5603: 5568: 5524: 5505: 5486: 5379: 5321: 5298: 5275: 5237: 5214: 5135: 5051: 5024: 5001: 4808: 4726: 4691: 4645: 4587: 4564: 882: 794: 1583:

in 1931 and had been instructed to join the CPGB; Knight saw Gray as a "long-term investment" who should be "in no hurry to obtain results".

7405: 1214:" combined the three leading character traits that Moscow thought promising in a potential undercover source: idealism, vanity and greed". 1072: 5543: 4847:

Callaghan, J.; Morgan, K. (2006). "The Open Conspiracy of the Communist Party and the Case of W. N. Ewer, Communist and Anti-Communist".

1844:

in British Intelligence, "even though his MI5 file shows that he was kept under surveillance from his time at Trinity College Cambridge".

639:

as "the most secret department" of the Comintern, specialising in "the coordination of subversive and conspiratorial activities" abroad.

362:

Glading was elected to the CPGB's Central Committee in January 1927. Politically, he was on the left wing of the Committee following the

7345: 984: 945:

others convicted in 1938 as the 'Woolwich Arsenal spies', he was not clever enough to know that Olga Gray was an MI5 penetration agent.

935:

as the former had turned out not to be strong enough to bear the weight of the equipment. In the event, Glading bought one himself from

410:

recruited as a spy for Russia, through whom all espionage reports travelled to Moscow and to whom all funds were sent for distribution.

5744:

McIlroy, J.; Campbell, A.; McLoughlin, B.; Halstead, J. (2003). "Forging the Faithful: The British at the International Lenin School".

552:

Glading returned to Britain from the continent in 1927. He soon joined one of the most pro-Soviet English trade unions of the day, the

4758: 1282:. Soviet espionage in Britain remained a priority for the security services into the next decade, culminating with the revelations of 853:

In January 1937, after Maly's recall, Glading was summoned to meet Maly's successor as controller of the Royal Arsenal ring. This was

387: 363: 405:. This was an undercover courier network which relayed diplomatic, political and security secrets to Russia, and had resulted in the 5905: 5256: 4917: 4668: 1693: 785:

meeting up with Charles Moody. Much of Glading's operation at this time would have been concerned with the on-going deadlock at the

708: 5580: 4703: 1377:, by the North London District Committee of the Amalgamated Engineering Union. The book was signed by, among others, Jack Reid and 682: 6214:

Thurlow, R. C. (2007). "The Historiography and Source Materials in the Study of Internal Security in Modern Britain (1885–1956)".

5332: 1498:

Several British citizens were "prominent in the early years of the Indian Marxist movement," says Dale Riepe; along with Glading,

5586: 4709: 1459: 1026:

By the end of 1937, a provisional case against Glading had been established. MI5 knew of his interest in the fourteen-inch heavy

700: 356: 125: 109: 1163:, "remained tongue-tied" over it: "only a sanitised report, of the trial, devoid of comment appeared in the paper" on 13 March. 658:

says there was "nothing stealthy about his allegiance" to his chosen causes. In 1930 he became a full-time paid officer for the

5436: 1732: 1559: 730: 590:

for being an agitator. He demanded of his Inspector what right the man had to impose "political fitness" on Arsenal employees.

910:, Olga Gray did not discover his spying for several years. In 1937, she assisted Glading to purchase the ground-floor flat at 418: 7395: 7070: 5398: 1639: 5170:

Haithcox, J. P. (1969). "Left Wing Unity and the Indian Nationalist Movement: M. N. Roy and the Congress Socialist Party".

1853:

Williams was, according to his MI5 file, also Secretary of his local CPGB branch and a "violent and explosive personality".

1765:

of 1922, between the victors of the World War, had limited their size to 13 inches (330 mm), which was confirmed by a

454:

Glading's original purpose in India, on behalf of the CPGB, was seeking to forge links with Roy as well as to study Indian

7400: 7275: 5154: 1032: 647:, communicating information between agents. He paid regular visits to the CPGB head office at 16 King Street, in London's 481:

have been created on the field of class battle, have now become the driving force in the revolutionary struggle in India.

459: 383: 352: 171: 7288: 2013:

glanced over the depth or breadth Glading's activities within the CPGB, saying only that he "had associations" with them.

1287: 832: 462:

noted that Glading had particularly focussed his attention on "shipyards, munitions works, dockyards and arsenals where

4915:

Cohen, G.; Morgan, K. (2002). "Stalin's Sausage Machine. British Students at the International Lenin School, 1926–37".

1831:, bundles of which are known to have been litter regularly picked by soldiers with bayonets the morning after delivery. 1398: 1361: 213:, he is reported to have found work in a factory and maintained close links with Pollitt and the CPGB. Glading died in 7415: 5043: 4683: 1820: 1159: 238:

Glading's birthplace at 50, Millais Rd, Leyton (then in Essex), as seen in 2018, with some contemporary modernisation.

6416:

Worley, M. (2000). "Left Turn: A Reassessment of the Communist Party of Great Britain in the Third Period, 1928–33".

5515:

Marriott, J. (2008). "Smokestack: The Industrial History of the Thames Gateway". In Rustin, M. J.; Cohen, P. (eds.).

4616: 1150:

made out to be "dark, distinguished, suave...a reader of poetry and a dreamer of revolt under high scarlet banners".

4948:

The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant

7230: 6656: 6479: 1270:

three members arrested in the "Arsenal Spy Case" (as the papers dubbed it) were successfully prosecuted, Glading's

659: 553: 167: 7055: 5086:

The Soviets in World Affairs: A History of Relations Between the Soviet Union and the Rest of the World, 1917-1929

561: 198:. Glading trusted her and involved her in his espionage activities and lodged her in the Holland Park safe house. 143:, left school early to find work. Starting with menial jobs such as delivering milk, he found skilled work at the 7205: 1811:

until, like Glading, he was sacked for being a communist. He was later reinstated, and, still a communist, was a

1804: 1778:

Workplace-based cells were a common strategy of the CPGB during this period; a comrade of Glading's, railwayman

515:, where, in July 1925, he presented the results of his studies to a communist conference that was taking place. 451:

irritated by it, as he believed that the CPGB had opened and read the letters they had promised to pass to Roy.

6794: 6764: 1600: 1507: 915: 782: 663: 439: 6327:. Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. Vol. VII. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. 1696:

has described it as having two distinct courses available, one of three years (devoted mainly to ideological

988:

The right-hand door is number 82, Holland Road, W14; the ground floor flat was Glading and Gray's safe-house.

762: 556:(NMM), and became a national organiser for the group. Along with another communist and fellow NMM organiser, 378:

activists in the inter-war period. As well as being a party member, Glading was an active trade unionist and

5206: 1783: 1762: 1647: 1515: 1331:

difficult position. His real grievance was with Special Branch in producing the porter at Fawcett [

1002: 655: 434:. Arriving on 30 January, he visited various cities and met individuals who were later to be central to the 395: 847: 557: 7410: 7148: 7080: 6905: 6819: 6759: 4964: 4849: 1596: 1446: 1310:

Glading had been "deeply shocked" to learn that Gray was really an MI5 mole. He spent his imprisonment in

1096: 435: 170:, and when he married, his wife, Elizabeth, joined him in his political activity. He was prominent in the 1071:

to the station yard. MI5 did not have the necessary statutory powers to perform arrests, and had briefed

402: 7374: 7143: 6854: 6472: 5478: 1816: 1608: 1489:

being unable to decipher any high-grade Soviet messages from 1927 until the end of the Second World War.

1109: 1052: 594: 593:

Glading appealed to his trade union for support, and the AEU brought the matter to the attention of the

4660: 1240:

and reveal the tradecraft of Glading's operation at the Royal Arsenal. Even the others, comments MI5's

511:; the CPGB published the second. Glading left India on 10 April 1925. He returned to Britain by way of 5670:

McIlroy, J. (2016). "The Revival and Decline of Rank and File Movements in Britain During the 1930s".

5391:"Covert and Overt Operations: Interwar Political Policing in the United States and the United Kingdom" 1934: 1650:, but, overall this time, since "MI5 never proved Hunt to be an 'active communist', he was not fired". 537: 533: 463: 7435: 7430: 6959: 6784: 6681: 5172: 4993: 4818:

Callaghan, J. (2008). "The Heart of Darkness: Rajani Palme Dutt and the British Empire - a Profile".

1937:, front and back gardens, instalment plan furniture, a neat porch", built after the extension of the 1827:, and throwing seditious literature over the barrack walls. This was probably the antimilitary paper 1664: 1643: 1545:

experiences, suggests Hemming, may have been formative moments in Glading's political radicalisation.

1092: 911: 878: 854: 742: 606:

and made national headlines. Glading, too, roundly denounced the Arsenal for their treatment of him:

5535: 1917: 1823:, meanwhile, considered him responsible for travelling around England at night to garrisons such as 843: 839: 359:, and Percy Glading act as CPGB leadership; in the event, a single general secretary was appointed. 7314: 6864: 6814: 6754: 6676: 6641: 4800: 4637: 1766: 1592: 1368: 1315: 798: 778: 734: 644: 636: 616: 566: 4756:

Brown, A. (2009). "The Viennese Connection: Engelbert Broda, Alan Nunn May and Atomic Espionage".

1528: 1499: 603: 541: 398: 7235: 6987: 6804: 6736: 6706: 6551: 6541: 6183: 5951: 5865: 5732: 5695: 5658: 5461: 5368:

The Guy Liddell Diaries, Volume I: 1939-1942: MI5's Director of Counter-Espionage in World War II

5127: 4874: 4783: 4579: 2058: 1868: 1824: 1728: 1612: 1555: 1244:, received "light sentences by the later standards of espionage trials". This may well have been 1241: 749: 623:

for a year. This was the Comintern's training school, where Glading and other pupils were taught

582: 516: 455: 277: 7187: 1237: 869:

and deal specifically with the Soviets' special assets: the Cambridge (and, to a lesser extent,

1924:

to her handler, Arnold Deutsch in 1934. However, Nigel West says "this clue was never pursued".

231: 6974: 6789: 6526: 6450: 6433: 6404: 6385: 6366: 6347: 6328: 6309: 6290: 6271: 6248: 6231: 6200: 6175: 6144: 6125: 6081: 6062: 6043: 6024: 6007: 5976: 5959: 5920: 5901: 5882: 5857: 5826: 5809: 5792:

McLoughlin, B. (1997). "Proletarian cadres en route: AustrianNKVD agents in Britain 1941-43".

5778: 5761: 5724: 5687: 5650: 5599: 5564: 5520: 5501: 5482: 5453: 5415: 5375: 5342: 5317: 5294: 5290: 5271: 5252: 5233: 5210: 5189: 5131: 5110: 5089: 5072: 5047: 5020: 4997: 4951: 4934: 4903: 4886:

Callaghan, J.; Phythian, M. (2004). "State Surveillance of the CPGB Leadership: 1920s-1950s".

4866: 4835: 4804: 4775: 4722: 4687: 4664: 4641: 4608: 4583: 4560: 1896: 1711: 1202: 1100: 1036: 874: 771: 726: 467: 368: 301: 144: 789:, at which Britain, France, Italy and the Soviet Union disputed their proposed access to the 7338: 7326: 7220: 7085: 7015: 6911: 6859: 6829: 6606: 6581: 6425: 6223: 6167: 5999: 5943: 5849: 5801: 5753: 5716: 5679: 5642: 5591: 5445: 5407: 5181: 4926: 4895: 4858: 4827: 4767: 4714: 2032: 1913: 1808: 1668: 1373: 1283: 907: 375: 269: 214: 7302: 7225: 7215: 7167: 7138: 7123: 7075: 7030: 6954: 6885: 6869: 6726: 6686: 5934:

Ranadive, B. T. (1984). "The Role Played by Communists in the Freedom Struggle of India".

5881:. International Handbooks on Gender. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 66–85. 5337: 1938: 1740: 1660: 1567: 1481: 1262: 1113: 1047: 932: 870: 824: 774:: Glading's mission was to report on the gun's arrival at Woolwich and obtain an example. 722: 598: 447: 332: 293: 182:(the Soviet secret police) kept in touch with him through a series of handlers (including 7177: 6021:

Caught Red Starred: The Woolwich Spy Ring and Stalin's Naval Rearmament on the Eve of War

666:, a fellow member of the Communist Party; Ayriss herself was employed as a typist at the 1752:

This news, says Quinlan, must have been received "with more than idle curiosity" by MI5.

1381:. Likewise, if Glading went to China, it seems improbable that he died there, since the 573: 7362: 7250: 7060: 7045: 6997: 6936: 6927: 6900: 6779: 6774: 6721: 6701: 6571: 5063: 4797:

The Spy who Came in from the Co-op: Melita Norwood and the Ending of Cold War Espionage

1697: 1580: 1311: 1258: 1198: 1060: 965: 936: 828: 817: 813: 667: 529: 431: 312: 183: 7297: 1290:—in 1940. Overall, the situation has been described as a "basically unequal contest". 1153:

Hearings began in late January and continued into March 1938, some of which were held

968:. Glading did not live far from Holland Road himself, having purchased a "salubrious" 7384: 7350: 7265: 7210: 7182: 7172: 7128: 7050: 6944: 6895: 6849: 6844: 6824: 6696: 6671: 6661: 6621: 6591: 6586: 6556: 6264: 6227: 6187: 5869: 5736: 5699: 5662: 5465: 5429:"Labor anticommunism in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, 1920-49" 5146: 5036: 5016: 4878: 4787: 4556: 1812: 1503: 1467: 1319: 1296: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1225: 1168: 1088: 927: 923: 838:

Glading maintained a network of contacts from when he worked at the Arsenal, such as

820: 809: 648: 328: 289: 285: 160: 148: 124:( 29 November 1893 – 15 April 1970) was an English communist and a co-founder of the 113: 4950:. Rickerton—Sisonby. Vol. XI (2nd ed.). London: The St Catherine's Press. 7270: 7260: 7245: 7133: 7090: 7065: 7020: 7002: 6890: 6809: 6799: 6749: 6711: 6651: 6646: 6631: 6626: 6616: 6611: 6601: 6531: 5229: 1909: 1908:

Not all their equipment was homemade; it was later discovered that at least one, a

1841: 1685: 1233: 1077: 1068: 973: 862: 858: 620: 508: 379: 210: 129: 5683: 5625: 4748: 2252: 2250: 2248: 1595:

suggests that this is probable, as there had been multiple occasions on which the

831:—then living in Paris—later an important asset for Soviet Intelligence within the 6003: 5646: 4680:

A Matter of Intelligence: MI5 and the surveillance of anti-Nazi refugees, 1933-50

1933:

This was a very salubrious, new development, according to Davenport-Hines, with "

1116:

to the Soviets. Glading's diary listed not only her name, but her family home in

7255: 7240: 7095: 7035: 7025: 6949: 6769: 6744: 6716: 6691: 6666: 6596: 6566: 6536: 6171: 5013:

Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain

2054: 1968: 1955: 1942: 1899:, had thrown himself from the second floor window; he died in hospital that day. 1779: 1689: 1474: 1349: 1229: 1194: 1081: 717: 586: 348: 336: 281: 203: 156: 140: 5595: 5038:

A Time for Spies: Theodore Stephanovich Mally and the Era of the Great Illegals

4718: 2061:

which had recently been recruited and then "would soon be entering Whitehall".

2022:

Collard had previously acted as attorney for Russian Oil Products Ltd. in 1932.

611:

Tories, but engineers and craftsmen, and that the test was fitness for the job.

6982: 6964: 6839: 6834: 6576: 6561: 6546: 5853: 5813: 5765: 5720: 5419: 5193: 5185: 4907: 4862: 4831: 4771: 1921: 1323: 1299: 1189: 1181: 767: 758: 738: 671: 628: 406: 187: 6437: 6408: 6235: 6179: 5963: 5861: 5691: 5654: 5457: 5449: 5346: 5114: 5076: 4938: 4870: 4839: 4779: 1367:

In 1951, as "Bro. P. E. Glading", he was presented with a ceremonial copy of

6992: 6636: 6521: 6429: 6011: 5728: 5411: 5371: 5287:

Loyal Comrades, Ruthless Killers: The Secret Services of the USSR, 1917-1991

5093: 4930: 4612: 1863: 1625: 1532: 1378: 1173: 1154: 1117: 1027: 969: 805: 790: 754: 512: 443: 308: 195: 6464: 5226:

Churchill's Iceman: The True Story of Geoffrey Pyke - Genius, Fugitive, Spy

5101:

Glading, P. (1929). "The Growth of the Indian Strike Movement, 1921-1929".

4598: 1611:) was treated, he says, with "unreserved hostility," and other—to the CPI, 1510:

were all supporters of the movement, and the latter became an organiser in

34: 4955: 1891:

The house had a colourful past. On 4 August 1929, at around 2:00 AM,

7118: 6516: 5805: 5428: 5390: 5313: 4603: 1954:

Maly was to be executed either the same year or the following during the

1736: 1563: 1486: 696: 624: 324: 260: 152: 136: 128:(CPGB). He was also a trade union activist, an author, and a spy for the 65: 7333: 5757: 5707:

McIlroy, J.; Campbell, A. (2005). "Some Problems of Communist History".

4899: 1021:

Message from Gray to Maxwell Knight, discussing Glading and the Stevens'

132:

against Britain, an activity for which he was convicted and imprisoned.

5955: 4148: 4146: 1463: 1039:, they adjourned to a nearby restaurant where the handover took place. 918:. MI5 likely enabled the sale. The CPGB paid Glading the flat's annual 438:. This occurred in 1929 when a number of Indian men—all members of the 374:

Both Glading and his wife, Elizabeth, were high-profile communists and

340: 297: 40: 6363:

The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives

5898:

Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders and Cover-Ups: Six Decades of Espionage

1727:

Subsequent events, suggest Kevin Quinlan, justified MI5's fears, when

1554:

Subsequent events, suggest Kevin Quinlan, justified MI5's fears, when

793:

with Turkey. At the same time, a faction within the government led by

615:

Following his dismissal from Woolwich in 1928, Glading got a job with

577:

The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, is seen in a nineteenth-century postcard.

7110: 6061:. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. 1604: 1511: 1413: 1386: 1157:

for security reasons. This excluded the press. The CPGB, through the

715:—were active in Britain. Recent scholarship has suggested that their 88: 6447:

Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars

6141:

The Secret State: British Internal Security in the Twentieth Century

5947: 5840:

Northcott, C. (2007). "The role, organization, and methods of MI5".

5775:

Espionage and the Roots of the Cold War: The Conspiratorial Heritage

1692:—around the same time provided detail as to how the School worked. 703:

had been of interest to the security services from its foundation,

7159: 4704:"Somervell, Donald Bradley, Baron Somervell of Harrow (1889–1960)" 4206: 4204: 4202: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3370: 3368: 3343: 3341: 1248:

for pleading guilty and avoiding the need for a full prosecution.

1046: 983: 781:

operations. On one such occasion in July 1936, he was observed at

681: 572: 417: 401:

which drew him to the attention of MI5, as Messer was part of the

272:. According to his obituary, Glading distributed a radical paper, 264: 69: 6078:

Red Conspirator: J. Peters and the American Communist Underground

5203:

Near and Distant Neighbours: A New History of Soviet Intelligence

3260: 3258: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2801: 2799: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2256: 2108: 2106: 6245:

Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations

5633:

McIlroy, J. (2014). "Restoring Stalinism to Communist History".

2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 1055:

where Glading and Whomack were finally arrested, as seen in 2007

964:

was found to contain a camera, aircraft bomb plans, and even an

919: 712: 179: 175: 6468: 6306:

Mask: MI5's Penetration of the Communist Party of Great Britain

6266:

Espionage: The Greatest Spy Operations of the Twentieth Century

3397: 3395: 1862:

Although Glading was clearly aware of the security risks that

1682: 1333: 721:

were the single biggest threat to British security during the

704: 495:

Based on his experiences in India, Glading wrote articles for

6042:. University Park, PA.: Pennsylvania State University Press. 5842:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

5823:

Civil Liberties and Human Rights in Twentieth-Century Britain

5268:

Spooks the Unofficial History of MI5 From M to Miss X 1909-39

4946:

Cokayne, G. E. (1949). Gibbs, V. E.; Doubleday, H.A. (eds.).

4106: 4104: 4102: 3739: 3737: 3735: 151:, which was then the national production centre for military 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 242: 230: 5917:

The Secret War Between the Wars: MI5 in the 1920s and 1930s

3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2413: 2411: 2409: 1599:

acted in a similar fashion to the broader Indian left. The

674:

has suggested she may have acted as a courier for Glading.

528:

Also attending the conference were M. N. Roy and his wife,

4419: 4417: 4320: 4318: 4293: 4291: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3722: 3720: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 147:

marshalling yards. Later, he worked as an engineer at the

6101:

Graham Stevenson: Books, pamphlets, articles and speeches

5973:

A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century

4506: 4504: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 2876: 2874: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 5310:

Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History

3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2281: 2279: 2277: 1659:

Its employees were involved in the attempted bribery of

339:. They were good friends, and had holidayed together in 7421:

British people convicted of spying for the Soviet Union

4553:

The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5

4177: 4175: 4173: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3785: 3783: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 2308: 2306: 5519:. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 17–30. 5475:

A Spy Among Friends: Kim Philby and the Great Betrayal

3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 2927: 2925: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2235: 2233: 1615:—socialist groups were consistently "loathed" by them. 524:

early train and gone to the meeting place immediately.

7286: 6287:

Stalin's Agent: The Life and Death of Alexander Orlov

5517:

London's Turning: Thames Gateway-Prospects and Legacy

3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3171: 3169: 3167: 2942: 2940: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 4990:

The Security Service 1908-1945: The Official History

690:

authorising the interception of Percy Glading's mail

390:. Glading printed and distributed the CPGB's paper, 296:

working at the arsenal. He worked as an engineer in

7196: 7157: 7108: 6973: 6935: 6925: 6878: 6735: 6509: 6500: 6382:

Keeping My Head: The Memoirs of a British Bolshevik

1531:had made a similar expedition for the party to the 1318:). On at least one occasion Glading was visited by 488:

The Growth of the Indian Strike Movement, 1921-1929

104: 96: 77: 47: 25: 6346:(2nd ed.). Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield. 6325:Historical Dictionary of World War II Intelligence 6263: 6197:British Fascism, the Labour Movement and the State 5579: 5333:"Spy Scandal: The double life of a quiet old lady" 5124:The Dictionary of Espionage: Spyspeak into English 5035: 4702: 1786:and produced a rank and file newspaper called the 939:four days later, and it was installed on the 17th. 725:. As well as Glading's ring, Nigel West says that 6199:. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 27–45. 4965:"The Golden Bough, A Study in Magic and Religion" 4534: 4459: 3466: 3425: 2999: 846:(an assistant chemist at the Royal Arsenal), and 865:, the Brandes' were to act independently of the 737:had been penetrated by its own spy network, and 6122:The British Communist Party and Moscow, 1920-43 6059:Exporting Communism to India: Why Moscow Failed 5061:Dutt, R. P. (1970). "Obituary: Percy Glading". 4657:History of the Communist Party of Great Britain 4522: 4495: 4435: 4282: 4258: 4222: 4210: 4152: 4137: 4093: 3971: 3954: 3902: 3873: 3711: 3635: 3606: 3516: 3454: 3374: 3347: 3264: 3187: 2987: 2958: 2904: 2805: 2773: 2623: 2224: 2193: 2112: 1328: 1212: 1136: 1095:. A search of Glading's home revealed cameras, 1013: 942: 893: 827:. Maly and Deutsch requested the assistance of 608: 521: 478: 6480: 6344:Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence 1445:These files are now publicly viewable at the 16:English co-founder of the CPGB and Soviet spy 8: 6403:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 5590:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 5088:. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms Ltd. 4713:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4576:Operation Solo: The FBI's Man in the Kremlin 2417: 633:International Liaison Department (Comintern) 6124:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 5249:M: Maxwell Knight, MI5's Greatest Spymaster 4069: 3774: 3035: 1067:That evening, 21 January 1938, Glading was 209:On his release from prison near the end of 6932: 6506: 6487: 6473: 6465: 4384: 4110: 3885: 3813: 3743: 3647: 3587: 3563: 3551: 3295: 3249: 3237: 3134: 2853: 2841: 2744: 2740: 2697: 2526: 1916:, the popular photographer. Tudor-Hart, a 1807:. He is known, though, to have worked for 1393:of his life—on the editorial board of the 757:"GOT", and named their "G" Group—based in 33: 22: 6080:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 5825:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4510: 4396: 4270: 3844: 3413: 3401: 3386: 3047: 2668: 1873:' report of 12 February 1938 makes clear. 729:was "haemorrhaging" information from the 304:in 1921 and was periodically unemployed. 7391:Communist Party of Great Britain members 5919:. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 3983: 3919: 3832: 3801: 3726: 3659: 3122: 2916: 2880: 2728: 2709: 2477: 1920:for Soviet intelligence, had introduced 1912:model camera, was purchased for them by 1840:Klugmann eventually reached the rank of 711:—and from 1934 its successor agency the 7293: 5587:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5308:Kaufman, W.; Macpherson, H. S. (2005). 5270:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing Limited. 4710:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4447: 4423: 4408: 4360: 4336: 4324: 4309: 4297: 4234: 4181: 4164: 4057: 3856: 3671: 3487: 3437: 3359: 3225: 3083: 3071: 3059: 2892: 2829: 2817: 2790: 2599: 2587: 2563: 2551: 2501: 2456: 2429: 2364: 2285: 2168: 2082: 1428: 5990:Riepe, D. (1970). "Marxism in India". 4372: 4246: 3206: 3023: 3011: 2865: 2611: 2575: 2489: 2388: 2360: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2312: 2297: 2268: 1514:and was convicted for his role in the 1340:He did not say anything very useful... 422:First edition cover of Glading's 1931 224: 4483: 4045: 4028: 3504: 3332: 3320: 3283: 2680: 2656: 2400: 2376: 2239: 2205: 842:(an assistant foreman of the Works), 7: 6160:Intelligence & National Security 5900:. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. 5366:Liddell, G. (2005). West, N. (ed.). 4471: 4348: 4193: 4081: 4016: 3995: 3942: 3789: 3762: 3690: 3618: 3575: 3539: 3175: 3158: 3146: 3095: 2970: 2946: 2931: 2756: 2644: 2139: 2035:, a position he held for nine years. 1667:from them. ROP was also involved in 777:Glading was the subject of frequent 686:Letter of 20 December 1933 from the 670:from 1937 to 1944. Espionage expert 6289:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5975:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1418:(Labour Research Department, 1932). 1314:(Whomack and Williams were sent to 1302:for the latter against the former. 1087:Glading and Williams were taken to 7426:British spies for the Soviet Union 6384:. London: Socialist Platform Ltd. 6038:Rose, R. S.; Scott, G. D. (2010). 5266:Hennessey, T.; Thomas, C. (2009). 5157:from the original on 29 April 2018 4759:Intelligence and National Security 4735:from the original on 28 April 2018 4659:. Vol. II: 19271941. London: 1362:Stalin's rapprochement with Hitler 635:(OMS); this has been described by 388:Red International of Labour Unions 14: 6418:Twentieth Century British History 5331:Lashmar, P. (11 September 1999). 4918:Twentieth Century British History 4599:"Grandmother: I was right to spy" 4597:BBC UK news (20 September 1999). 7368: 7356: 7344: 7332: 7320: 7308: 7296: 6228:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00499.x 5612:from the original on 12 May 2018 5536:"Some notes about Percy Glading" 5500:. London: Lawrence and Wishart. 1460:All Russian Co-operative Society 1128:she had become extremely fond". 1035:. Meeting Charles Munday in the 126:Communist Party of Great Britain 110:Communist Party of Great Britain 6107:from the original on 5 May 2018 5546:from the original on 9 May 2018 5437:Journal of Contemporary History 5353:from the original on 5 May 2018 4975:from the original on 5 May 2018 4619:from the original on 5 May 2018 1180:Glading was charged on various 5399:The American Historical Review 4678:Brinson, C.; Dove, R. (2004). 804:In 1936, Glading was asked to 507:two years later. The first he 1: 6361:West, N.; Tsarev, O. (1999). 5684:10.1080/0023656X.2016.1184044 4535:Callaghan & Phythian 2004 4460:Callaghan & Phythian 2004 3467:Callaghan & Phythian 2004 3426:Kaufman & Macpherson 2005 1112:, who later revealed British 460:Indian Political Intelligence 384:Amalgamated Engineering Union 172:Amalgamated Engineering Union 7441:British expatriates in India 7231:Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov 6023:. USA: Xlibris Corporation. 6004:10.5840/soctheorpract1970115 5647:10.1080/03017605.2013.876816 5626:UK public library membership 5561:British Oil Policy 1919-1939 5011:Davenport-Hines, R. (2018). 4749:UK public library membership 1782:, ran a similar cell within 1288:Soviet Military Intelligence 833:Special Operations Executive 7406:Trade unionists from London 6247:. Westport, CT: Greenwood. 6172:10.1080/0268452042000327519 5044:Vanderbilt University Press 4684:Manchester University Press 4523:Callaghan & Morgan 2006 4436:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 4153:McIlroy & Campbell 2005 4138:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 4094:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3972:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3955:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3903:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3874:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3712:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3636:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3517:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3265:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 3188:McIlroy & Campbell 2005 2806:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 2624:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 2225:McIlroy & Campbell 2005 2194:Hennessey & Thomas 2009 1729:a thousand sailors mutinied 1579:Gray had been recruited by 1556:a thousand sailors mutinied 1197:, leading, and assisted by 731:Foreign and Colonial Office 446:(who has been described by 286:the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich 7457: 6657:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 6365:. London: Harper Collins. 6243:Trahair, R. C. S. (2004). 5992:Social Theory and Practice 5879:Handbook on Gender and War 5709:American Communist History 5581:"Wicks, Harry (1905–1989)" 5498:Harry Pollitt: A Biography 2057:, could have revealed the 2053:Quinlan says one of them, 1144:Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev 896:out to be rather careful. 660:League Against Imperialism 554:National Minority Movement 505:The Meerut Conspiracy Case 501:India Under British Terror 424:India Under British Terror 259:Percy Glading was born in 168:National Minority Movement 7206:Alexander Gregory Barmine 7011: 6076:Sakmyster, T. L. (2011). 5971:Richelson, J. T. (1997). 5854:10.1080/08850600701249758 5721:10.1080/14743890500389777 5285:Katamidze, V. I. (2007). 5186:10.1017/S0026749X00002043 4863:10.1017/S0018246X06005322 4832:10.1080/13619469108581174 4772:10.1080/02684520902819594 1716:A Dictionary of Espionage 861:. With Maly the Soviets' 466:or 'Red Cells' existed". 284:employed as a grinder at 227: 135:Glading, who was born in 32: 6765:Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh 6495:Soviet and Russian spies 6019:Robinson, C. B. (2011). 5450:10.1177/0022009416658701 5251:. London: Random House. 4963:Cox & Budge (2016). 2363:, p. 103+113 n.69; 1688:who attended the School— 1601:Congress Socialist Party 1508:Benjamin Francis Bradley 617:Russian Oil Products Ltd 562:Members' Rights Movement 499:and produced two books: 440:Communist Party of India 217:on 15 April 1970 at 76. 6399:Windmiller, M. (1959). 6285:Volodarsky, B. (2015). 6139:Thurlow, R. C. (1994). 5370:. Vol. I. London: 5207:Oxford University Press 3775:Brinson & Dove 2004 3036:Cohen & Morgan 2002 1763:Washington Naval Treaty 1219:Richard Davenport-Hines 656:Richard Davenport-Hines 560:, Glading launched the 178:and its successor, the 7081:John Alexander Symonds 6906:Harold James Nicholson 6760:Christopher John Boyce 6449:. London: I.B.Tauris. 6095:Stevenson, G. (2018). 5777:. Oxford: Frank Cass. 5596:10.1093/ref:odnb/76067 5559:McBeth, B. S. (2013). 5473:Macintyre, B. (2014). 5147:"Russian Oil Products" 5145:Grace's Guide (2016). 4850:The Historical Journal 4719:10.1093/ref:odnb/36189 4661:Lawrence & Wishart 4385:West & Tsarev 1999 4111:West & Tsarev 1999 3886:West & Tsarev 1999 3744:West & Tsarev 1999 2527:West & Tsarev 1999 1733:British Atlantic Fleet 1690:Jack and Morris Childs 1597:Indian Communist Party 1560:British Atlantic Fleet 1516:Meerut conspiracy case 1479: 1447:National Archives, Kew 1354: 1216: 1141: 1056: 1018: 989: 947: 898: 761:—after him. Historian 691: 613: 578: 526: 483: 436:Meerut Conspiracy Case 427: 247: 235: 186:, who later recruited 7396:Engineers from London 7144:Stephen Joseph Ratkai 6430:10.1093/tcbh/11.4.353 6308:. London: Routledge. 5794:Labour History Review 5773:McKnight, D. (2002). 5746:Labour History Review 5563:. London: Routledge. 5534:Marxists.org (2003). 5479:Bloomsbury Publishing 5412:10.1093/ahr/122.3.727 5312:. Santa barbara, CA: 4988:Curry, J. C. (1999). 4931:10.1093/tcbh/13.4.327 4888:Labour History Review 4632:Berkeley, R. (1994). 3387:Rose & Scott 2010 1609:Indian Congress party 1471: 1099:of blueprints, and a 1050: 1033:Charing Cross station 987: 797:was urging for swift 685: 678:Recruitment by Moscow 595:Trades Union Congress 576: 421: 246: 234: 39:Percy Glading's 1938 7401:People from Wanstead 6682:Nadezhda Ulanovskaya 6262:Volkman, E. (1995). 6040:Johnny: A Spy's Life 5915:Quinlan, K. (2014). 5896:Pincher, C. (2011). 5806:10.3828/lhr.62.3.296 5578:McIlroy, J. (2004). 5247:Hemming, H. (2017). 5224:Hemming, H. (2014). 5173:Modern Asian Studies 5122:Goulden, J. (2012). 5084:Fischer, L. (1969). 5034:Duff, W. E. (1999). 4994:Public Record Office 4801:Boydell & Brewer 4655:Branson, N. (1985). 4496:Cox & Budge 2016 4283:Davenport-Hines 2018 4259:Davenport-Hines 2018 4223:Davenport-Hines 2018 4211:Davenport-Hines 2018 3888:, pp. 126, 281. 3607:Davenport-Hines 2018 3578:, p. 215, n.14. 3455:Davenport-Hines 2018 3375:Davenport-Hines 2018 3348:Davenport-Hines 2018 2988:Davenport-Hines 2018 2973:, p. 750 +n.94. 2959:Davenport-Hines 2018 2905:Davenport-Hines 2018 2774:Davenport-Hines 2018 2113:Davenport-Hines 2018 1644:disturbing the peace 1238:turn king's evidence 1172:figure in Britain's 1105:Manual of Explosives 1093:Official Secrets Act 1051:The station yard at 735:Farnborough RAF base 697:left-wing sympathies 307:A 2017 biography of 112:, Soviet spy at the 6865:John Anthony Walker 6815:Clayton J. Lonetree 6755:David Sheldon Boone 6677:Alexander Ulanovsky 6642:William Ward Pigman 6445:Worley, M. (2002). 6120:Thorpe, A. (2000). 6057:Saiyid, D. (1995). 5821:Moores, C. (2017). 5758:10.3828/lhr.68.1.99 5201:Haslam, J. (2015). 4900:10.3828/lhr.69.1.19 4820:Contemporary Record 4701:Brodie, M. (2004). 4574:Barron, J. (1996). 4551:Andrew, C. (2012). 4411:, pp. 147–171. 4399:, pp. 453–479. 4261:, pp. 160–161. 4155:, p. 204 n.13. 4096:, pp. 237–238. 3859:, pp. 612–613. 3804:, pp. 121–122. 3693:, pp. 137–138. 3674:, p. 179 +n.c. 3566:, pp. 124–125. 3519:, pp. 236–237. 3389:, pp. 153–154. 3086:, pp. 616–617. 2907:, pp. 157–158. 2578:, pp. 152–153. 2271:, p. 55 n.182. 2257:McIlroy et al. 2003 1864:building concierges 1829:The Soldier's Voice 1741:Portsmouth Dockyard 1568:Portsmouth Dockyard 1369:James George Frazer 799:British re-armament 787:Montreux Convention 779:covert surveillance 540:, Clemens Dutt and 519:later reported how 403:Kirchenstein circle 364:1926 general strike 7416:English communists 7236:Fyodor Raskolnikov 7071:Michael John Smith 6805:Andrew Daulton Lee 6795:Robert Lee Johnson 6707:Harry Dexter White 6542:Whittaker Chambers 6401:Communism in India 6380:Wicks, H. (1992). 5496:Mahon, J. (1976). 5291:Barnes & Noble 5128:Dover Publications 4795:Burke, D. (2008). 4580:Regnery Publishing 4578:. Washington, DC: 3000:Grace's Guide 2016 2059:Cambridge Spy Ring 1665:Industrial secrets 1613:petite bourgeoisie 1502:, George Allison, 1485:which resulted in 1324:debriefing officer 1242:official historian 1057: 990: 692: 688:Postmaster General 583:Invergordon Mutiny 579: 497:The Labour Monthly 456:working conditions 432:Britain's colonies 428: 248: 236: 122:Percy Eded Glading 108:Co-founder of the 52:Percy Eded Glading 41:police photographs 7284: 7283: 7104: 7103: 6975:Portland spy ring 6921: 6920: 6790:Edward Lee Howard 6527:Elizabeth Bentley 6456:978-1-86064-747-5 6391:978-0-9508423-8-7 6372:978-0-300-07806-0 6353:978-0-8108-7897-6 6342:West, N. (2014). 6334:978-0-8108-6421-4 6323:West, N. (2007). 6315:978-1-134-26576-3 6304:West, N. (2005). 6296:978-0-19-965658-5 6277:978-0-47101-492-8 6270:. Oxford: Wiley. 6254:978-0-313-31955-6 6206:978-0-230-52276-3 6150:978-0-631-16066-3 6143:. Oxford: Wiley. 6131:978-0-7190-5312-2 6087:978-0-2520-3598-2 6068:978-969-415-039-0 6049:978-0-2710-3570-3 6030:978-1-4653-4042-9 5982:978-0-19-976173-9 5926:978-1-84383-938-5 5888:978-1-84980-8-927 5832:978-1-107-08861-0 5784:978-0-7146-5163-7 5624:(Subscription or 5605:978-0-19-861412-8 5570:978-1-13517-122-3 5526:978-0-7546-7063-6 5507:978-0-85315-327-6 5488:978-1-40885-172-2 5427:Luff, J. (2018). 5389:Luff, J. (2017). 5381:978-1-134-26344-8 5323:978-1-85109-431-8 5300:978-0-76078-706-9 5277:978-1-4456-0799-3 5239:978-0-09-959413-0 5216:978-0-19-870849-0 5137:978-0-486-29630-2 5053:978-0-82651-352-6 5042:. Nashville, TN: 5026:978-0-00-751668-1 5003:978-1-873162-79-8 4810:978-1-84383-422-9 4747:(Subscription or 4728:978-0-19-861412-8 4693:978-1-5261-1046-6 4647:978-1-4738-1160-7 4589:978-0-89526-429-9 4566:978-0-7181-9744-5 3986:, pp. 56–57. 3777:, pp. 83–84. 3650:, pp. 93–94. 3404:, p. 135 n.. 3298:, pp. 84–85. 3026:, pp. 21–26. 2856:, pp. 75–76. 2418:Marxists.org 2003 1991:than Kim Philby". 1767:subsequent treaty 1458:In May 1927, the 1371:'s seminal work, 1292:Lord Robert Cecil 1286:—a defector from 1226:Sir Anthony Hawke 1224:The trial judge, 1203:cross-examination 1101:photographic film 980:Photographic work 727:John Herbert King 567:workers' councils 474:Return from India 468:Rajani Palme Dutt 464:strike committees 414:Indian expedition 302:Harland and Wolff 270:marshalling yards 257: 256: 119: 118: 7448: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7361: 7360: 7359: 7349: 7348: 7337: 7336: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7313: 7312: 7311: 7301: 7300: 7292: 7276:Stig Wennerström 7221:Walter Krivitsky 7086:Edith Tudor-Hart 7016:Michael Bettaney 6933: 6912:Illegals Program 6860:George Trofimoff 6830:Earl Edwin Pitts 6607:William Malisoff 6582:David Greenglass 6510:1940s and before 6507: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6466: 6460: 6441: 6412: 6395: 6376: 6357: 6338: 6319: 6300: 6281: 6269: 6258: 6239: 6210: 6191: 6154: 6135: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6097:"Glading, Percy" 6091: 6072: 6053: 6034: 6015: 5986: 5967: 5936:Social Scientist 5930: 5911: 5892: 5873: 5836: 5817: 5788: 5769: 5740: 5703: 5666: 5629: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5583: 5574: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5530: 5511: 5492: 5469: 5433: 5423: 5395: 5385: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5327: 5304: 5289:. New York, NY: 5281: 5262: 5243: 5220: 5197: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5141: 5118: 5097: 5080: 5057: 5041: 5030: 5007: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4959: 4942: 4911: 4882: 4843: 4814: 4791: 4752: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4706: 4697: 4674: 4651: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4593: 4570: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4141: 4135: 4114: 4108: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4070:BBC UK news 1999 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3923: 3917: 3906: 3900: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3747: 3741: 3730: 3724: 3715: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3491: 3485: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3268: 3262: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3210: 3204: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2935: 2929: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2794: 2788: 2777: 2771: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2530: 2524: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2460: 2454: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2243: 2237: 2228: 2222: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2172: 2166: 2143: 2137: 2116: 2110: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2036: 2033:Attorney General 2029: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1965: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1935:Crittall windows 1931: 1925: 1914:Edith Tudor-Hart 1906: 1900: 1893:Lord Farmborough 1889: 1883: 1880: 1874: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1838: 1832: 1809:Richmond Council 1800: 1794: 1784:Victoria station 1776: 1770: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1725: 1719: 1708: 1702: 1679: 1673: 1669:money laundering 1663:staff to attain 1657: 1651: 1636: 1630: 1622: 1616: 1590: 1584: 1577: 1571: 1552: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1525: 1519: 1496: 1490: 1456: 1450: 1443: 1437: 1433: 1410:Glading, Percy, 1399:Graham Stevenson 1374:The Golden Bough 1352: 1346:Diaries, 1939–42 1284:Walter Krivitsky 1220: 1207:Donald Somervell 1145: 1022: 961:Official History 951: 912:82, Holland Road 902: 901:Boris Volodarsky 795:Sir Samuel Hoare 783:Cambridge Circus 538:N. J. Uphadayaya 534:Gertrude Hessler 491: 353:Willie Gallacher 251: 239: 225: 155:. Glading spent 114:Woolwich Arsenal 97:Other names 84: 62:29 November 1893 61: 59: 37: 23: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7369: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7343: 7331: 7321: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7295: 7287: 7285: 7280: 7226:Kerttu Nuorteva 7216:Dieter Gerhardt 7198: 7192: 7168:Hirohide Ishida 7153: 7139:Gerda Munsinger 7124:Jeffrey Delisle 7100: 7076:Dave Springhall 7031:Litzi Friedmann 7007: 6969: 6955:John Cairncross 6917: 6886:Evgeny Buryakov 6874: 6870:Jerry Whitworth 6855:Robert Thompson 6731: 6727:Anatoli Yatskov 6687:Julian Wadleigh 6496: 6493: 6463: 6457: 6444: 6415: 6398: 6392: 6379: 6373: 6360: 6354: 6341: 6335: 6322: 6316: 6303: 6297: 6284: 6278: 6261: 6255: 6242: 6216:History Compass 6213: 6207: 6194: 6157: 6151: 6138: 6132: 6119: 6110: 6108: 6094: 6088: 6075: 6069: 6056: 6050: 6037: 6031: 6018: 5989: 5983: 5970: 5948:10.2307/3516828 5933: 5927: 5914: 5908: 5895: 5889: 5876: 5839: 5833: 5820: 5791: 5785: 5772: 5743: 5706: 5669: 5632: 5623: 5615: 5613: 5606: 5577: 5571: 5558: 5549: 5547: 5533: 5527: 5514: 5508: 5495: 5489: 5472: 5431: 5426: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5365: 5356: 5354: 5338:The Independent 5330: 5324: 5307: 5301: 5284: 5278: 5265: 5259: 5246: 5240: 5223: 5217: 5200: 5169: 5160: 5158: 5144: 5138: 5121: 5100: 5083: 5060: 5054: 5033: 5027: 5010: 5004: 4987: 4978: 4976: 4969:Cox & Budge 4962: 4945: 4914: 4885: 4846: 4817: 4811: 4794: 4755: 4746: 4738: 4736: 4729: 4700: 4694: 4677: 4671: 4654: 4648: 4631: 4622: 4620: 4596: 4590: 4573: 4567: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4422: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4316: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4117: 4109: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3926: 3918: 3909: 3901: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3863: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3820: 3814:Volodarsky 2015 3812: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3750: 3742: 3733: 3725: 3718: 3710: 3697: 3689: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3648:Volodarsky 2015 3646: 3642: 3634: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3594: 3588:Volodarsky 2015 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3564:Volodarsky 2015 3562: 3558: 3552:Volodarsky 2015 3550: 3546: 3538: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3494: 3486: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3302: 3296:Volodarsky 2015 3294: 3290: 3282: 3271: 3263: 3256: 3250:McLoughlin 1997 3248: 3244: 3238:Volodarsky 2015 3236: 3232: 3224: 3213: 3205: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3165: 3157: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3135:Volodarsky 2015 3133: 3129: 3121: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2938: 2930: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2854:Windmiller 1959 2852: 2848: 2842:Windmiller 1959 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2797: 2789: 2780: 2772: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2745:Windmiller 1959 2741:Windmiller 1959 2739: 2735: 2727: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2698:Windmiller 1959 2696: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2533: 2525: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2488: 2484: 2476: 2463: 2455: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2407: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2375: 2371: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2246: 2238: 2231: 2223: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2192: 2175: 2167: 2146: 2138: 2119: 2111: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1966: 1962: 1953: 1949: 1941:westwards from 1939:Piccadilly line 1932: 1928: 1907: 1903: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1839: 1835: 1805:Wormwood Scrubs 1801: 1797: 1777: 1773: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1726: 1722: 1709: 1705: 1680: 1676: 1661:Shell Mex House 1658: 1654: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1619: 1591: 1587: 1578: 1574: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1526: 1522: 1497: 1493: 1482:Stanley Baldwin 1480:Prime Minister 1457: 1453: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1407: 1353: 1344: 1308: 1263:Dave Springhall 1254: 1222: 1218: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1114:nuclear secrets 1045: 1037:public lavatory 1024: 1020: 982: 970:new development 953: 949: 937:Maple & Co. 933:refectory table 904: 900: 891: 889:82 Holland Road 883:military police 855:Mikhail Borovoy 848:Albert Williams 825:John Cairncross 723:interwar period 699:. Although the 680: 599:Stanley Baldwin 550: 493: 485: 476: 448:William E. Duff 416: 392:Soldier's Voice 357:David Proudfoot 333:Marjorie Brewer 321: 253: 252: 249: 240: 237: 223: 139:and grew up in 92: 86: 82: 73: 63: 57: 55: 54: 53: 43: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7454: 7452: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7375:United Kingdom 7365: 7353: 7341: 7329: 7317: 7305: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7251:Vitaly Shlykov 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7202: 7200: 7199:in combination 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7164: 7162: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7115: 7113: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7061:Geoffrey Prime 7058: 7053: 7048: 7046:Melita Norwood 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6998:Harry Houghton 6995: 6990: 6985: 6979: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6960:Donald Maclean 6957: 6952: 6947: 6941: 6939: 6937:Cambridge Five 6930: 6923: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6908: 6903: 6901:Robert Hanssen 6898: 6893: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6820:Richard Miller 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6785:Reino Häyhänen 6782: 6780:Robert Hanssen 6777: 6775:James Hall III 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6722:Flora Wovschin 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6702:Nathaniel Weyl 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6572:Harold Glasser 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6513: 6511: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6469: 6462: 6461: 6455: 6442: 6424:(4): 353–378. 6413: 6396: 6390: 6377: 6371: 6358: 6352: 6339: 6333: 6320: 6314: 6301: 6295: 6282: 6276: 6259: 6253: 6240: 6211: 6205: 6192: 6166:(4): 610–631. 6155: 6149: 6136: 6130: 6117: 6092: 6086: 6073: 6067: 6054: 6048: 6035: 6029: 6016: 5987: 5981: 5968: 5931: 5925: 5912: 5906: 5893: 5887: 5874: 5848:(3): 453–479. 5837: 5831: 5818: 5800:(3): 296–317. 5789: 5783: 5770: 5741: 5715:(2): 199–214. 5704: 5678:(3): 347–373. 5667: 5641:(4): 599–622. 5630: 5604: 5575: 5569: 5556: 5531: 5525: 5512: 5506: 5493: 5487: 5470: 5424: 5406:(3): 727–757. 5386: 5380: 5363: 5328: 5322: 5305: 5299: 5282: 5276: 5263: 5257: 5244: 5238: 5221: 5215: 5198: 5167: 5142: 5136: 5119: 5103:Labour Monthly 5098: 5081: 5064:Labour Monthly 5058: 5052: 5031: 5025: 5008: 5002: 4985: 4960: 4943: 4925:(4): 327–355. 4912: 4883: 4857:(2): 549–564. 4844: 4826:(2): 257–275. 4815: 4809: 4799:. Woodbridge: 4792: 4766:(2): 173–193. 4753: 4727: 4698: 4692: 4682:. Manchester: 4675: 4669: 4652: 4646: 4634:A Spy's London 4629: 4594: 4588: 4571: 4565: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4527: 4525:, p. 556. 4515: 4511:Stevenson 2018 4500: 4488: 4486:, p. 291. 4476: 4474:, p. 239. 4464: 4452: 4440: 4438:, p. 238. 4428: 4426:, p. 611. 4413: 4401: 4397:Northcott 2007 4389: 4387:, p. 149. 4377: 4365: 4363:, p. 153. 4353: 4351:, p. 238. 4341: 4339:, p. 623. 4329: 4327:, p. 617. 4314: 4302: 4300:, p. 617. 4287: 4285:, p. 170. 4275: 4271:Pattinson 2016 4263: 4251: 4239: 4237:, p. 618. 4227: 4225:, p. 168. 4215: 4213:, p. 167. 4198: 4186: 4169: 4167:, p. 208. 4157: 4142: 4140:, p. 239. 4115: 4113:, p. 126. 4098: 4086: 4084:, p. 441. 4074: 4062: 4050: 4033: 4021: 4019:, p. 141. 4000: 3988: 3976: 3974:, p. 237. 3959: 3957:, p. 234. 3947: 3945:, p. 140. 3924: 3907: 3905:, p. 235. 3890: 3878: 3876:, p. 236. 3861: 3849: 3845:Macintyre 2014 3837: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3792:, p. 202. 3779: 3767: 3765:, p. 138. 3748: 3746:, p. 124. 3731: 3716: 3714:, p. 232. 3695: 3676: 3664: 3662:, p. 122. 3652: 3640: 3638:, p. 233. 3623: 3611: 3609:, p. 163. 3592: 3590:, p. 125. 3580: 3568: 3556: 3544: 3542:, p. 137. 3521: 3509: 3492: 3490:, p. 616. 3471: 3459: 3457:, p. 257. 3442: 3440:, p. 219. 3430: 3428:, p. 199. 3418: 3414:Katamidze 2007 3406: 3402:Richelson 1997 3391: 3379: 3377:, p. 160. 3364: 3352: 3350:, p. 165. 3337: 3325: 3300: 3288: 3286:, p. 108. 3269: 3267:, p. 240. 3254: 3252:, p. 296. 3242: 3240:, p. 493. 3230: 3211: 3192: 3190:, p. 205. 3180: 3163: 3161:, p. 200. 3151: 3139: 3127: 3100: 3098:, p. 750. 3088: 3076: 3074:, p. 402. 3064: 3052: 3048:Sakmyster 2011 3040: 3038:, p. 333. 3028: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2990:, p. 159. 2975: 2963: 2961:, p. 158. 2951: 2936: 2934:, p. 747. 2921: 2909: 2897: 2895:, p. 350. 2885: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2832:, p. 221. 2822: 2820:, p. 434. 2810: 2808:, p. 231. 2795: 2793:, p. 615. 2778: 2776:, p. 162. 2761: 2749: 2743:, p. 74; 2733: 2714: 2702: 2685: 2683:, p. 138. 2673: 2669:Callaghan 2008 2661: 2649: 2647:, p. 135. 2628: 2626:, p. 228. 2616: 2614:, p. 155. 2604: 2602:, p. 688. 2592: 2590:, p. 687. 2580: 2568: 2566:, p. 616. 2556: 2531: 2529:, p. 125. 2506: 2504:, p. 614. 2494: 2492:, p. 251. 2482: 2461: 2434: 2432:, p. 607. 2422: 2405: 2403:, p. 176. 2393: 2391:, p. 140. 2381: 2369: 2353: 2351:, p. 122. 2341: 2339:, p. 362. 2329: 2327:, p. 131. 2317: 2302: 2300:, p. 269. 2290: 2273: 2261: 2259:, p. 106. 2244: 2242:, p. 122. 2229: 2227:, p. 204. 2210: 2208:, p. 121. 2198: 2196:, p. 230. 2173: 2144: 2142:, p. 206. 2117: 2115:, p. 157. 2081: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2063: 2046: 2037: 2031:Somervell was 2024: 2015: 2002: 1993: 1983: 1973: 1960: 1947: 1926: 1918:talent-spotter 1901: 1884: 1875: 1870:New York Times 1855: 1846: 1833: 1795: 1771: 1754: 1745: 1720: 1712:Joseph Goulden 1703: 1698:indoctrination 1674: 1652: 1646:at a workers' 1631: 1617: 1585: 1581:Maxwell Knight 1572: 1547: 1537: 1520: 1491: 1451: 1438: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1406: 1403: 1395:Labour Monthly 1383:Labour Monthly 1342: 1322:, MI5's chief 1312:Maidstone Gaol 1307: 1304: 1295:compared to a 1259:Cambridge Five 1253: 1250: 1211: 1199:Dudley Collard 1135: 1133: 1130: 1073:Special Branch 1061:Windsor Castle 1044: 1041: 1012: 981: 978: 966:anti-tank mine 941: 926:, including a 892: 890: 887: 844:Charles Munday 840:George Whomack 829:James Klugmann 818:Foreign Office 814:Arnold Deutsch 743:Donald Maclean 679: 676: 668:Soviet embassy 549: 546: 530:Henk Sneevliet 509:self-published 477: 475: 472: 415: 412: 331:'s wedding to 320: 317: 313:Maxwell Knight 255: 254: 241: 229: 228: 222: 219: 184:Arnold Deutsch 117: 116: 106: 105:Known for 102: 101: 100:Codename "Got" 98: 94: 93: 87: 85:(aged 76) 79: 75: 74: 64: 51: 49: 45: 44: 38: 30: 29: 26: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7453: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7411:English spies 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7376: 7366: 7364: 7354: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7328: 7318: 7316: 7306: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7266:Richard Sorge 7264: 7262: 7261:Siddiq Ghouse 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7211:Stig Bergling 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7183:Hotsumi Ozaki 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7173:Yotoku Miyagi 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7129:Igor Gouzenko 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7107: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7051:Alan Nunn May 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7041:Percy Glading 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6945:Anthony Blunt 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6924: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:Peter Debbins 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6850:Oscar Seborer 6848: 6846: 6845:Robert Soblen 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6825:Ronald Pelton 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6697:Bill Weisband 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6672:Morton Sobell 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6662:Alfred Sarant 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6622:Isaiah Oggins 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6592:John Herrmann 6590: 6588: 6587:Theodore Hall 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6557:Judith Coplon 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6490: 6485: 6483: 6478: 6476: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6458: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6364: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6345: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6089: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6051: 6045: 6041: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5909: 5907:9781780575407 5903: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5672:Labor History 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5582: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5258:9781784752040 5254: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5156: 5152: 5151:Grace's Guide 5148: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5039: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5017:HarperCollins 5014: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4754: 4750: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4670:9780853156116 4666: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4638:Pen and Sword 4635: 4630: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4537:, p. 27. 4536: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4465: 4462:, p. 28. 4461: 4456: 4453: 4450:, p. 35. 4449: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4375:, p. 77. 4374: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4312:, p. 37. 4311: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4276: 4273:, p. 75. 4272: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4196:, p. 25. 4195: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4051: 4048:, p. 96. 4047: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4031:, p. 94. 4030: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3998:, p. 39. 3997: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3984:Robinson 2011 3980: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3922:, p. 62. 3921: 3920:Robinson 2011 3916: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3850: 3847:, p. 47. 3846: 3841: 3838: 3835:, p. 56. 3834: 3833:Robinson 2011 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3816:, p. 85. 3815: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3802:Berkeley 1994 3798: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3729:, p. 58. 3728: 3727:Robinson 2011 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3660:Berkeley 1994 3656: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3621:, p. 83. 3620: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3557: 3554:, p. 81. 3553: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3510: 3507:, p. 93. 3506: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3469:, p. 26. 3468: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3419: 3416:, p. 74. 3415: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3335:, p. 99. 3334: 3329: 3326: 3323:, p. 92. 3322: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3231: 3228:, p. 88. 3227: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3178:, p. 26. 3177: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3149:, p. 21. 3148: 3143: 3140: 3137:, p. 97. 3136: 3131: 3128: 3125:, p. 57. 3124: 3123:Robinson 2011 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3065: 3062:, p. 52. 3061: 3056: 3053: 3050:, p. 37. 3049: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3014:, p. 44. 3013: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2949:, p. 26. 2948: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2919:, p. 28. 2918: 2917:Marriott 2008 2913: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2886: 2883:, p. 34. 2882: 2881:Haithcox 1969 2877: 2875: 2871: 2868:, p. 88. 2867: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2847: 2844:, p. 75. 2843: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2759:, p. 35. 2758: 2753: 2750: 2747:, p. 76. 2746: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2731:, p. 50. 2730: 2729:Robinson 2011 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2710:Ranadive 1984 2706: 2703: 2700:, p. 74. 2699: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2659:, p. 68. 2658: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2554:, p. 87. 2553: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2483: 2480:, p. 87. 2479: 2478:McKnight 2002 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2459:, p. 86. 2458: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2379:, p. 93. 2378: 2373: 2370: 2367:, p. 32. 2366: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2315:, p. 98. 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2291: 2288:, p. 95. 2287: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1987: 1984: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813:rubbish truck 1810: 1806: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1735:in 1931, and 1734: 1730: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710:According to 1707: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:double agents 1684: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648:demonstration 1645: 1641: 1640:civil service 1635: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1593:John Haithcox 1589: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562:in 1931, and 1561: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1527:For example, 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504:Philip Spratt 1501: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1469: 1468:Louis Fischer 1465: 1461: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1432: 1429: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1358: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1320:Jane Sissmore 1317: 1313: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:Anthony Blunt 1277: 1276:Melita Sirnis 1273: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1170: 1169:Geoffrey Pyke 1164: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110:Melita Sirnis 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089:Scotland Yard 1085: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1054: 1053:Charing Cross 1049: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1004: 998: 994: 986: 979: 977: 975: 971: 967: 962: 959:John Curry's 957: 952: 946: 940: 938: 934: 929: 928:gateleg table 925: 924:hire purchase 921: 917: 913: 909: 903: 897: 888: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 851: 849: 845: 841: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 821:civil servant 819: 815: 811: 810:Theodore Maly 807: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 775: 773: 769: 764: 760: 756: 751: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 719: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 689: 684: 677: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 652: 650: 649:Covent Garden 646: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 612: 607: 605: 604:cause célèbre 600: 596: 591: 588: 584: 575: 571: 568: 563: 559: 555: 547: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 503:in 1931, and 502: 498: 492: 489: 482: 473: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 452: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 425: 420: 413: 411: 408: 407:Arcos scandal 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 372: 370: 365: 360: 358: 354: 350: 345: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329:Harry Pollitt 326: 318: 316: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 276:, around the 275: 271: 266: 262: 245: 233: 226: 220: 218: 216: 212: 207: 205: 199: 197: 191: 189: 185: 181: 177: 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