29:
283:
Australian languages typically favour peripheral consonants word- and syllable-initially, and they are not allowed or common word- and syllable-finally, unlike the
387:
1054:
46:
380:
112:
93:
65:
637:
411:
126:
610:
1049:
1044:
353:
50:
605:
72:
617:
600:
592:
373:
632:
627:
306:. Whereas the other stops could be voiced between vowels or following a nasal, the peripherals were usually voiceless.
79:
622:
897:
345:
39:
544:
489:
61:
655:
474:
407:
858:
853:
764:
178:
875:
685:
484:
459:
403:
299:
295:
275:
263:
258:
246:
241:
464:
441:
419:
291:
138:
902:
865:
577:
205:
182:
973:
843:
820:
569:
522:
494:
339:
86:
838:
671:
479:
436:
335:
224:
190:
174:
960:
917:
794:
759:
582:
549:
517:
451:
349:
315:
166:
162:
985:
978:
833:
789:
784:
647:
559:
536:
512:
469:
428:
284:
198:
170:
143:
950:
848:
828:
769:
737:
554:
253:
229:
194:
153:
922:
236:
1038:
1008:
968:
945:
912:
885:
134:
1018:
937:
927:
907:
186:
1023:
1013:
1003:
890:
747:
270:
158:
28:
806:
995:
801:
752:
712:
707:
694:
303:
201:
729:
717:
208:
transcribe non-coronal consonants, but they do not form a natural class.
702:
742:
369:
365:
148:
22:
215:
994:
959:
936:
874:
819:
728:
693:
684:
664:
646:
591:
568:
535:
505:
450:
427:
418:
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
341:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
381:
8:
690:
502:
424:
388:
374:
366:
185:, these consonants pattern together both
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
274:
327:
18:Non-coronal (lip and nasal) consonants
7:
51:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
217:Australian peripheral consonants
27:
1055:Australian Aboriginal languages
412:International Phonetic Alphabet
38:needs additional citations for
141:at the extremes of the mouth:
1:
161:). That is, they are the non-
262:
257:
245:
240:
1071:
346:Cambridge University Press
780:
401:
137:encompassing consonants
294:, the peripheral stops
404:Articulatory phonetics
127:Australian linguistics
62:"Peripheral consonant"
1050:Peripheral consonants
1045:Place of articulation
578:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
131:peripheral consonants
903:Labio-palatalization
183:Australian languages
47:improve this article
593:Double articulation
218:
216:
163:coronal consonants
1032:
1031:
918:Pharyngealization
815:
814:
680:
679:
638:Uvular–epiglottal
531:
530:
316:Rhinoglottophilia
281:
280:
123:
122:
115:
97:
1062:
986:Voice onset time
691:
611:Labial–retroflex
503:
425:
390:
383:
376:
367:
360:
359:
332:
301:
297:
277:
265:
260:
248:
243:
219:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
990:
955:
932:
877:
870:
811:
776:
724:
676:
660:
642:
606:Labial–alveolar
587:
564:
545:Alveolo-palatal
527:
501:
490:Palato-alveolar
446:
414:
408:Co-articulation
397:
394:
364:
363:
356:
336:Dixon, R. M. W.
334:
333:
329:
324:
312:
302:shared similar
290:In the extinct
214:
187:phonotactically
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
982:
981:
976:
965:
963:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
942:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
925:
923:Glottalization
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
898:Palatalization
895:
894:
893:
882:
880:
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
862:
861:
856:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
817:
816:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
798:
797:
792:
781:
778:
777:
775:
774:
773:
772:
767:
757:
756:
755:
745:
740:
734:
732:
726:
725:
723:
722:
721:
720:
710:
705:
699:
697:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
675:
674:
668:
666:
662:
661:
659:
658:
656:Velopharyngeal
652:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
618:Labial–palatal
615:
614:
613:
608:
601:Labial–coronal
597:
595:
589:
588:
586:
585:
580:
574:
572:
566:
565:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
539:
533:
532:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
509:
507:
500:
499:
498:
497:
492:
482:
477:
475:Denti-alveolar
472:
467:
462:
456:
454:
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
433:
431:
422:
416:
415:
402:
399:
398:
395:
393:
392:
385:
378:
370:
362:
361:
354:
348:. p. 63.
326:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
308:
279:
278:
273:
267:
266:
261:
256:
250:
249:
244:
239:
233:
232:
227:
222:
213:
210:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1067:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
970:
967:
966:
964:
962:
958:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
941:
939:
935:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:Uvularization
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
889:
888:
887:
886:Labialization
884:
883:
881:
879:
873:
867:
864:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
822:
818:
808:
805:
803:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
758:
754:
751:
750:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
731:
727:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
696:
692:
689:
687:
683:
673:
670:
669:
667:
663:
657:
654:
653:
651:
649:
645:
639:
636:
634:
633:Coronal–velar
631:
629:
628:Labial–uvular
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
598:
596:
594:
590:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
571:
567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
540:
538:
534:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
508:
504:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
453:
449:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
432:
430:
426:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
368:
357:
351:
347:
343:
342:
337:
331:
328:
321:
317:
314:
313:
309:
307:
305:
293:
288:
286:
272:
269:
268:
255:
252:
251:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
220:
211:
209:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:natural class
132:
128:
117:
114:
106:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
21:
16:
938:Tongue shape
928:Nasalization
908:Velarization
878:articulation
648:Pathological
623:Labial–velar
506:Active place
485:Postalveolar
460:Linguolabial
396:Articulation
340:
330:
292:Martuthunira
289:
282:
206:moon letters
191:acoustically
179:postalveolar
152:
142:
130:
124:
109:
103:October 2018
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
20:
15:
748:Approximant
465:Interdental
442:Labiodental
271:Approximant
159:soft palate
139:articulated
1039:Categories
876:Secondary
866:Percussive
834:Ingressive
807:Continuant
355:0521473780
322:References
73:newspapers
996:Phonation
974:Aspirated
969:Voiceless
844:Implosive
829:Egressive
821:Airstream
802:Occlusive
753:Semivowel
713:Fricative
708:Affricate
695:Obstruent
570:Laryngeal
523:Subapical
495:Retroflex
304:allophony
212:Phonology
202:philology
891:Rounding
859:Ejective
854:Pulmonic
839:Ejective
765:Tap/flap
730:Sonorant
718:Sibilant
672:Bidental
480:Alveolar
437:Bilabial
338:(2002).
310:See also
225:Bilabial
175:alveolar
1009:Breathy
795:Lateral
760:Vibrant
703:Plosive
583:Glottal
550:Palatal
518:Laminal
452:Coronal
285:apicals
199:Maltese
167:palatal
144:labials
87:scholar
1019:Creaky
979:Tenuis
946:Sulcal
790:Rhotic
785:Liquid
686:Manner
560:Uvular
537:Dorsal
513:Apical
470:Dental
429:Labial
352:
204:, the
195:Arabic
181:). In
177:, and
171:dental
154:velars
151:) and
133:are a
129:, the
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1024:Stiff
1014:Slack
1004:Modal
961:Voice
951:Domed
849:Click
770:Trill
743:Vowel
738:Nasal
665:Other
555:Velar
420:Place
254:Nasal
230:Velar
193:. In
94:JSTOR
80:books
350:ISBN
298:and
237:Stop
197:and
189:and
66:news
300:/k/
296:/p/
149:lip
125:In
49:by
1041::
410:–
406:–
344:.
287:.
173:,
169:,
389:e
382:t
375:v
358:.
276:w
264:Ĺ‹
259:m
247:k
242:p
165:(
157:(
147:(
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
