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234:, but the extractants with the highest affinity for butanol tend to be toxic to the bacteria. The application of LLE would also require the extractant to be sterilised prior to contact with the fermentation broth. Perstraction can overcome these problems due to a membrane separating the fermentation broth from the extractant. As an
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Geldanamycin was back-extracted from capsules. Dibutyl sebacate capsules were disposable because liquid core came out from capsules in the back-extraction. On the contrary, oleic acid remained in capsules during the back-extraction when an extractant was saturated with oleic acid. Nevertheless, the
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Enzymes can be immobilized to the capsule membrane. In this case, the capsule external diameter was 500 μm and internal diameter 300 μm. The product of enzyme-catalyzed reaction can be concentrated to capsules and the end-product inhibition is low. Enzyme recycling could be performed by
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has been separated by perstraction. Membranes did not only separate extractants and the primary solution but also were selective for amino acids. Charged membranes were used. So they selected amino acids by pKa. Besides the selectivity of a membrane is affected by its thickness, pore diameter and
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formed liquid cores in capsules because they do not diffuse away from capsules and have affinity for drugs. Capsule external diameters were 740 μm and 680 μm and internal diameters were 570 μm and 500 μm. Agitation was 300 rpm. Equilibrium times were 30, 50 and 90 minutes.
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was separated from media by the capsular perstraction. Geldanamycin is hydrophobic. Outer particle diameter varied from than less 500 to 750 μm. Alginate formed the shell of capsule and its thickness varied from 30 to 90 μm. Dibutyl sebacate or oleic acid as liquid core extracted
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Organic compounds through a membrane has been concentrated from groundwater. The concentration factor is from 1 000 to 10 000 bringing 0.1 ppb concentrations to between 0.1 and 1.0 ppm. Besides the concentration of a contaminant has been analyzed in real-time. The membrane is polymer like
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Since dibutyl sebacate and oleic acid were different affinity for drugs, they were used concurrently. Four drugs were extracted effectively for 40–50 minutes (at least 50% removed). Extraction rates did not change significantly above 150 rpm. Membrane thickness did not affect the result
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Perstraction is the separation technique developed from liquid-liquid extraction. Due to the presence of the membrane a wider selection of extractants can be used, this can include the use of miscible solutions, for example the recovery of ammonia from waste water using sulphuric acid.
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is a membrane extraction process, where two liquid phases are contacted across a membrane. The desired species in the feed (solute), selectively crosses the membrane into the extracting solution. Perstraction was originally developed to overcome the downsides of
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for butanol production. Butanol is toxic to the fermentation, therefore perstraction can be applied to remove the butanol from the vicinity of the bacteria as soon as it is produced. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was combined with the ABE fermentation for
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Pollutants can be deleted from groundwater by perstraction. Different techniques have been patented. The oldest one has published in 1990 and the youngest one in 1998. In the 2000s has been done few patent applications but no granted patents.
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WYSS, A., VON STOCKAR, U. and MARISON, I.W., 2006. A novel reactive perstraction system based on liquid-core microcapsules applied to lipase-catalyzed biotransformations. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 93(1), pp.
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The pharmaceuticals pass sewage treatment plants. They like estrogen conjugates may cause problems. Drugs of the research were common, present in the aquatic environment and inability to be adequately removed by
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charge potential. The bigger pore is, the better amino acids permeate the membrane. The higher charge potential is, the bigger electrostatic rejection effects are. The thinner membrane, the less it is selective.
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WYSS, A., SEITERT, H., VON STOCKAR, U. and MARISON, I.W., 2005. Novel reactive perstraction system applied to the hydrolysis of penicillin G. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 91(2), pp. 227–236.
182:, for example extractant toxicity and emulsion formation. Perstraction has been applied to many fields including fermentation, waste water treatment and alcohol-free beverage production.
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WHELEHAN, M., VON STOCKAR, U. and MARISON, I.W., 2010. Removal of pharmaceuticals from water: Using liquid-core microcapsules as a novel approach. Water research, 44(7), pp. 2314–2324.
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WHELEHAN, M. and MARISON, I.W., 2011. Capsular perstraction as a novel methodology for the recovery and purification of geldanamycin. Biotechnology progress, 27(4), pp. 1068–1077.
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presence of oleic acid in the back-extraction solution demanded more purification steps (precipitation, centrifugation and filtration). Oleic acid was removed because it prevents
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ISONO, Y., FUKUSHIMA, K., KAWAKATSU, T. and NAKAJIMA, M., 1995. New selective perstraction system with charged membrane. Journal of
Membrane Science, 105(3), pp. 293–297.
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du Preez, Jan; Norddahl, Birgir; Christensen, Knud (2005). "The BIOREK® concept: a hybrid membrane bioreactor concept for very strong wastewater".
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in some ways. But the permeate is in liquid phase. Perstraction technique eliminates the problem of phase dispersion and separation altogether.
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LUQUE, R., CAMPELO, J. and CLARK, J., eds, 2011. Handbook of
Biofuels Production – Processes and Technologies. Woodhead Publishing.
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A basic perstraction is called the single perstraction or membrane perstraction. An advantage is minimizing toxic damage to
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geldanamycin well. The bigger agitation and thinner capsule membrane were, the faster transfer rate was.
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product recovery technique for the ABE fermentation perstraction is still in its development stages.
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of geldanamycin. Therefore, geldanamycin was crystallized and the end product was highly purified.
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ANONYMOUS, 1997. Groundwater monitor uses perstraction. Membrane
Technology, 1997(90), pp. 3–4.
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Qureshi, N.; Maddox, I.S. (2005). "Reduction in
Butanol Inhibition by Perstraction".
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significantly. On the contrary the capsule size was remarkable for mass transfer.
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back-extracting the product. The technique has been applied to the hydrolysis of
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polysulphane. The hole diameter is 300 μm and thickness is 30 μm.
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417:"Corrosion Control & Gas Transfer - Liqui-Cel - Membrana Press"
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Endo, I.; Nagamune, T.; Katoh, S.; Yonemoto, T. (17 March 2000).
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Verification that all material is scientifically accurate..
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http://www.patentlens.net/daisy/patentlens/patentlens.html
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A membrane brings many new elements for the separation.
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Hydrophobic gelganamycin separated from aqueous media
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ANONYMOUS A, 2012, United states patent. Available:
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Amino acids separation through the charged membrane
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may be too technical for most readers to understand
522:ANONYMOUS B, 2012, Patent Lens home. Available:
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74:needs attention from an expert in Chemistry
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
224:ABE (acetone butanol ethanol) fermentation
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
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