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143:
181:
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2087:
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to create flourishing, water-like sounds that characterize the piece. In his article "Ravel's 'Russian' Period: Octatonicism in His Early Works, 1893-1908", Steven Baur notes that
1009:
300:
Although attributed to
Stravinsky, the chord (or, more precisely, two simultaneous major chords set a tritone apart, specifically F and B major) was present much earlier in
1685:
1201:
1024:
675:
351:" (the octatonic scale) in favor of a "black key/white key bitonality" which results from, "Stravinsky's well known habit of composing at the piano."
2368:
2325:
693:
1100:
988:
1524:
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1212:
287:(9 1 4, 3 7 t, 0 4 7, and 6 t 1 = 0 1 3 4 6 7 9 t), "and suggests that it did ... possess for Stravinsky an a priori conceptual status".
1163:
1891:
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968:
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1401:
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627:
588:
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529:
498:
443:
1808:
1718:
1589:
849:
842:
643:, p. 161. quoted in Taruskin, Richard (Spring, 1985). "Chernomor to Kashchei: Harmonic Sorcery; Or, Stravinsky's 'Angle'", p.75,
1313:
993:
880:
146:
1823:
1376:
1318:
1260:
1225:
1086:
800:
348:
347:
Fair. Eric Walter White suggests and dismisses the possibility that the
Petrushka chord is derived from Messiaen's "second
312:
to be from about 1840; the composition is believed to have originated from one of Liszt's early works, performed in 1827.)
2234:
1833:
1818:
1232:
1218:
940:
668:
184:
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1991:
1411:
1019:
553:
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1040:
947:
902:
697:
1046:
897:
835:
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1848:
1828:
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1266:
933:
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1341:
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1813:
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1406:
661:
280:
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The chords may be considered to contradict each other because of the tritone relationship: "Any tendency for a
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2354:
1838:
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1616:
1419:
1353:
1190:
713:
521:
2441:
2208:
2105:
1853:
1803:
1488:
1125:
1065:
762:
756:
511:
622:
Libbey, Ted (1999). The NPR Guide to
Building a Classical CD Collection: The 350 Essential Works, p.185.
2006:
1935:
1843:
1631:
1460:
1271:
728:
320:
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and several other works by Ravel no later than 1907 at the "Evenings for
Contemporary Music" program.
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to represent the puppet and devised the chord to represent the puppet's mocking of the crowd at the
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1798:
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919:
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814:
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1132:
891:
795:
788:
187:
102:
33:
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1079:
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1918:
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1611:
1601:
1547:
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975:
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856:
363:
332:(1911), suggesting that Stravinsky may have learned the trick from Ravel. Stravinsky heard
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47:
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1971:
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1253:
1246:
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309:
284:
267:
At the end of the third tableau, the
Petrushka chord appears with Petrushka but at A and E
198:
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2026:
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1981:
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1742:
1727:
863:
415:
400:
360:
315:
231:
124:
457:(Spring, 1987). "Chez Pétrouchka – Harmony and Tonality "chez" Stravinsky", p. 269,
2456:
2402:
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2143:
2016:
2001:
1986:
1966:
1940:
1907:
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405:
367:
93:
75:
68:
26:
308:. (Although the exact date of the composition remains unknown, it is estimated by
515:
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2274:
2269:
2128:
1996:
1976:
1930:
1871:
1755:
1750:
301:
107:
54:
40:
159:
The
Petrushka chord is defined as two simultaneous major triads separated by a
2431:
2419:
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2138:
2118:
1881:
1530:
1118:
1072:
382:
344:
261:
202:
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apart – clash, "horribly with each other," when sounded together and create a
476:
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1902:
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807:
395:
2483:
2407:
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2147:
2052:
257:
1681:
2123:
2057:
160:
117:
491:
Triad Pairs for Jazz: Practice and
Application for the Jazz Improvisor
735:
653:
2350:
1700:
657:
135:
The
Petrushka chord in the piano during the second tableau of
461:, Vol. 10, No. 3, Special Issue: Resolutions I., pp. 265–286.
339:
Stravinsky used the chord repeatedly throughout the ballet
328:
was composed in 1901, ten years before
Stravinsky composed
197:
The device uses tones that, together, make up a synthetic
1696:
186:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
148:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
260:
to emerge may be avoided by introducing a note three
373:
The
Petrushka chord is dominantly used in the track
253:, it can be read as the auxiliary diminished scale.
2313:
2262:
2222:
2194:
2156:
2104:
2094:
2040:
1954:
1916:
1862:
1779:
1741:
1734:
1556:
1517:
1497:
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1453:
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1429:
1393:
1368:
1304:
1180:
1110:
1055:
1002:
911:
873:
773:
704:
74:
24:
16:Polytonal device in the works of Igor Stravinsky
2362:
1712:
669:
645:Journal of the American Musicological Society
611:Journal of the American Musicological Society
580:Revolution and religion in the music of Liszt
264:distant from the key note of that tonality."
8:
558:Keeping Time : Readings in Jazz History
19:
2369:
2355:
2347:
2101:
1738:
1719:
1705:
1697:
1433:
676:
662:
654:
1010:Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments
427:
641:Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works
18:
1360:Double Canon (in Memoriam Raoul Dufy)
989:Variations: Aldous Huxley in memoriam
167:, Stravinsky used C major on top of F
7:
173:major (the latter presented here in
1164:A Sermon, a Narrative, and a Prayer
318:uses this chord in his piano work
14:
1590:Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky
1015:Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra
983:Movements for Piano and Orchestra
235:. Alternatively, when spelled C–D
2085:
1680:
1670:
1669:
577:Paul Merrick (5 February 1987).
1314:Three Pieces for String Quartet
994:Canon on a Russian Popular Tune
1377:Symphonies of Wind Instruments
1319:Three Pieces for Solo Clarinet
1261:Three Movements from Petrushka
647:, Vol. 38, No. 1., pp. 72–142.
583:. Cambridge University Press.
349:Modes of limited transposition
106:and in later music. These two
1:
283:(0, 3, 6, 9) and exhaust the
183:
145:
948:The Song of the Nightingale
903:Symphony in Three Movements
436:Classical Music for Dummies
359:The 1979 song "Kogaion" by
2526:
1809:Dominant seventh flat five
639:Eric Walter White (1966).
2393:
2083:
1665:
1384:Fanfare for a New Theatre
1295:Two Sketches for a Sonata
1101:The Owl and the Pussy Cat
691:
477:Scored Changes: Tutorials
81:
67:
60:
53:
46:
39:
32:
25:Component intervals from
370:makes use of the chord.
281:diminished seventh chord
2326:Chord names and symbols
1647:Charles Ferdinand Ramuz
1617:Monday Evening Concerts
1420:Monumentum pro Gesualdo
1277:Concerto for Two Pianos
522:Oxford University Press
512:Brindle, Reginald Smith
489:Campbell, Gary (2001).
188:download the audio file
150:download the audio file
2209:Secondary leading-tone
1289:Sonata for Two Pianos
544:Taruskin 1987, p.268.
434:Pogue, David (1997).
273:, which, with C and F
2214:Secondary supertonic
1622:New York City Ballet
1518:Named for Stravinsky
1402:Bluebird Pas de Deux
1020:Violin Concerto in D
694:List of compositions
306:Malédiction Concerto
296:Petrushka and origin
201:(0 1 4 6 7 t). When
1543:Stravinsky Fountain
1538:Stravinsky (crater)
1534:(river cruise ship)
1489:Théodore Strawinsky
1412:The Sleeping Beauty
920:Scherzo fantastique
843:Danses concertantes
757:The Rake's Progress
613:52 (1999), 531–592.
229:, it is called the
21:
2285:Chord-scale system
2204:Secondary dominant
1484:Soulima Stravinsky
1461:Yekaterina Nosenko
969:Scherzo Ă la russe
892:Symphony of Psalms
796:The Rite of Spring
729:The Soldier's Tale
517:Serial Composition
459:19th-Century Music
34:diminished seventh
2492:
2491:
2462:"Ode-to-Napoleon"
2344:
2343:
2258:
2257:
2176:Chromatic mediant
2081:
2080:
2032:Viennese trichord
1694:
1693:
1574:George Balanchine
1564:Earnest Andersson
1513:
1512:
1444:Fyodor Stravinsky
1240:Étude for Pianola
1226:Three Easy Pieces
1202:Piano Sonata in F
1171:Requiem Canticles
1087:Abraham and Isaac
1080:Berceuses du chat
455:Taruskin, Richard
192:
154:
86:
85:
2517:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2348:
2102:
2089:
1897:
1896:
1854:Harmonic seventh
1824:Diminished major
1739:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1602:Sergei Diaghilev
1548:Stravinsky Inlet
1434:
1233:Five Easy Pieces
1219:Valse des fleurs
1207:
1206:
1094:Elegy for J.F.K.
1033:"Dumbarton Oaks"
1030:
1029:
976:Greeting Prelude
912:Orchestral music
886:
885:
850:Scènes de ballet
829:The Fairy's Kiss
678:
671:
664:
655:
648:
637:
631:
620:
614:
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
574:
568:
551:
545:
542:
536:
535:
508:
502:
487:
481:
468:
462:
452:
446:
432:
377:, from the 2003
375:Above the Clouds
364:progressive rock
278:
277:
272:
271:
252:
251:
246:
245:
240:
239:
228:
227:
222:
221:
216:
215:
210:
209:
172:
171:
139:is shown below.
115:
114:
62:diminished third
48:diminished fifth
22:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2510:Igor Stravinsky
2495:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2389:
2375:
2345:
2340:
2309:
2254:
2218:
2190:
2152:
2090:
2077:
2068:Synthetic chord
2036:
2007:Northern lights
1972:Complexe sonore
1950:
1936:Augmented sixth
1924:
1922:
1912:
1894:
1893:
1887:Upper structure
1858:
1844:Altered seventh
1839:Augmented minor
1834:Augmented major
1819:Half-diminished
1775:
1730:
1725:
1695:
1690:
1661:
1652:Werner Reinhart
1637:Petrushka chord
1584:Nadia Boulanger
1569:Ernest Ansermet
1552:
1531:Igor Stravinsky
1525:4382 Stravinsky
1509:
1493:
1472:
1449:
1425:
1389:
1364:
1306:
1300:
1254:Les cinq doigts
1247:Piano-Rag-Music
1204:
1203:
1182:
1176:
1150:Canticum Sacrum
1106:
1057:
1051:
1027:
1026:
998:
907:
883:
882:
869:
769:
715:The Nightingale
706:
700:
696:
687:
685:Igor Stravinsky
682:
652:
651:
638:
634:
621:
617:
609:
605:
595:
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571:
552:
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543:
539:
532:
510:
509:
505:
488:
484:
469:
465:
453:
449:
433:
429:
424:
392:
379:simulation game
357:
310:Humphrey Searle
298:
293:
292:
285:octatonic scale
275:
274:
269:
268:
249:
248:
243:
242:
237:
236:
225:
224:
219:
218:
213:
212:
207:
206:
199:hexatonic scale
195:
194:
193:
191:
175:first inversion
169:
168:
157:
156:
155:
153:
133:
112:
111:
110:, C major and F
98:Igor Stravinsky
96:device used in
92:is a recurring
90:Petrushka chord
20:Petrushka chord
17:
12:
11:
5:
2523:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2497:
2496:
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2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2378:Pitch segments
2376:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2331:List of chords
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:Mixed interval
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1917:
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1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1889:
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1868:
1866:
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1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
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1773:
1768:
1763:
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1692:
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1678:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:Pierre Monteux
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Samuel Dushkin
1604:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1579:Ballets Russes
1576:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
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1550:
1545:
1540:
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1527:
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1501:
1499:
1495:
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1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1467:Vera Sudeikina
1464:
1457:
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1451:
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1448:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1336:Duo Concertant
1333:
1328:
1325:Lied ohne Name
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1041:Ebony Concerto
1037:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
979:
972:
965:
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951:
944:
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923:
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906:
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888:
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871:
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868:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
792:
785:
777:
775:
771:
770:
768:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
710:
708:
707:musical dramas
702:
701:
692:
689:
688:
683:
681:
680:
673:
666:
658:
650:
649:
632:
615:
603:
589:
569:
554:Walser, Robert
546:
537:
530:
524:. p. 66.
503:
482:
472:"Short Scales"
463:
447:
426:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
391:
388:
356:
353:
297:
294:
290:
289:
203:enharmonically
185:
182:
180:
179:
147:
144:
142:
141:
132:
129:
84:
83:
79:
78:
72:
71:
65:
64:
58:
57:
51:
50:
44:
43:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2522:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Primary triad
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
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2159:
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2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
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2100:
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1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Neoclassicism
1630:
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1615:
1613:
1612:Arthur Lourié
1610:
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1273:
1272:Serenade in A
1270:
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1054:
1048:
1047:Concerto in D
1045:
1043:
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1038:
1036:
1034:
1025:Concerto in E
1023:
1021:
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904:
901:
899:
898:Symphony in C
896:
894:
893:
889:
887:
881:Symphony in E
879:
878:
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872:
866:
865:
861:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
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845:
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838:
837:
836:Jeu de cartes
833:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
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802:
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786:
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754:
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747:
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633:
629:
628:0-7611-0487-9
625:
619:
616:
612:
607:
604:
592:
590:0-521-32627-3
586:
582:
581:
573:
570:
567:
566:0-19-509173-6
563:
559:
555:
550:
547:
541:
538:
533:
531:0-19-311906-4
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
507:
504:
500:
499:0-7579-0357-6
496:
492:
486:
483:
479:
478:
473:
470:Busby, Paul.
467:
464:
460:
456:
451:
448:
445:
444:0-7645-5009-8
441:
437:
431:
428:
421:
417:
416:Tristan chord
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
401:Elektra chord
399:
397:
394:
393:
389:
387:
385:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
362:
354:
352:
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346:
342:
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331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
316:Maurice Ravel
313:
311:
307:
303:
295:
288:
286:
282:
265:
263:
259:
254:
234:
233:
232:tritone scale
204:
200:
189:
178:
176:
166:
162:
151:
140:
138:
130:
128:
126:
123:
119:
109:
105:
104:
99:
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91:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
42:
38:
35:
31:
28:
23:
2466:
2442:All-trichord
2425:All-interval
2144:Leading-tone
2011:
1921: /
1908:Tone cluster
1789:Leading-tone
1642:Psalms chord
1636:
1597:Jean Cocteau
1588:
1529:
1505:Robert Craft
1418:
1410:
1400:
1394:Arrangements
1382:
1375:
1352:
1340:
1323:
1293:
1281:
1267:Piano Sonata
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1039:
1032:
981:
974:
967:
960:
955:Circus Polka
953:
946:
939:
934:Funeral Song
932:
925:
918:
890:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
794:
787:
782:The Firebird
780:
763:
755:
749:
742:
734:
727:
721:
714:
644:
640:
635:
618:
610:
606:
594:. Retrieved
579:
572:
557:
549:
540:
516:
506:
490:
485:
475:
466:
458:
450:
435:
430:
411:Psalms chord
406:Mystic chord
381:
374:
372:
358:
340:
338:
333:
329:
325:
319:
314:
305:
299:
266:
255:
230:
196:
164:
158:
136:
134:
108:major triads
101:
89:
87:
2382:cardinality
2129:Subdominant
1992:Grandmother
1849:Nondominant
1829:Minor-major
1407:Tchaikovsky
1213:Four Études
941:Four Études
801:discography
743:Oedipus rex
698:Discography
302:Franz Liszt
279:, create a
262:whole tones
205:spelled C–D
55:minor third
41:minor sixth
2499:Categories
2477:Schoenberg
2432:Pentachord
2420:Tetrachord
2263:Techniques
2250:Substitute
2245:Subsidiary
2181:Neapolitan
2139:Submediant
2119:Supertonic
1892:Dominant 7
1882:Thirteenth
1814:Diminished
1766:Diminished
1498:Amanuensis
1354:Epitaphium
1191:Tarantella
1119:Zvezdoliki
1073:Pribaoutki
874:Symphonies
815:Pulcinella
750:Perséphone
705:Operas and
422:References
383:Sim City 4
355:Other uses
345:Shrovetide
334:Jeux d'eau
326:Jeux d'eau
321:Jeux d'eau
116:major – a
100:'s ballet
2484:Aggregate
2467:Petrushka
2447:Chromatic
2437:Hexachord
2280:Chordioid
2196:Secondary
2012:Petrushka
1946:Seven six
1903:Polychord
1771:Suspended
1761:Augmented
1657:Serialism
1181:Piano and
1126:Ave Maria
1066:Pastorale
1003:Concertos
927:Fireworks
808:Les noces
789:Petrushka
764:The Flood
560:, p.215.
493:, p.126.
438:, p. 80.
396:Polychord
341:Petrushka
330:Petrushka
165:Petrushka
137:Petrushka
131:Structure
122:dissonant
103:Petrushka
94:polytonal
76:Forte no.
2452:Diatonic
2413:Viennese
2408:Trichord
2321:Arpeggio
2235:Contrast
2171:Borrowed
2166:Approach
2148:Subtonic
2134:Dominant
2106:Diatonic
2097:function
2053:Secundal
1955:Specific
1895:♯
1877:Eleventh
1864:Extended
1804:Dominant
1676:Category
1477:Children
1469:(second)
1446:(father)
1205:♯
1028:♭
884:♭
556:(1998).
514:(1966).
390:See also
361:Romanian
276:♯
270:♭
258:tonality
250:♭
244:♯
238:♭
226:♭
220:♮
214:♭
208:♭
170:♯
113:♯
2186:Passing
2158:Altered
2124:Mediant
2063:Quartal
2058:Tertian
2041:General
2027:Tristan
2022:So What
1982:Elektra
1923:omitted
1781:Seventh
1735:By form
1557:Related
1463:(first)
1437:Parents
1305:Chamber
1197:Scherzo
1183:pianola
1144:Cantata
857:Orpheus
774:Ballets
596:Jun 30,
161:tritone
118:tritone
2505:Chords
2472:Sacher
2457:Mystic
2336:Factor
2290:Guitar
2230:Common
2073:Tetrad
2017:Psalms
2002:Mystic
1987:Farben
1967:Bridge
1941:Lydian
1728:Chords
1674:
1593:(film)
1430:Family
1405:(from
1348:Septet
1157:Threni
1111:Choral
822:Apollo
722:Renard
626:
587:
564:
528:
497:
442:
2398:Monad
2314:Other
2305:Slash
2300:Power
2275:Block
2270:Barre
2223:Other
2114:Tonic
1997:Magic
1977:Dream
1962:Alpha
1931:Sixth
1919:Added
1872:Ninth
1799:Minor
1794:Major
1756:Minor
1751:Major
1743:Triad
1686:Audio
1454:Wives
1369:Other
1342:Elegy
1331:Octet
1307:music
1283:Tango
1208:minor
1133:Babel
1058:vocal
736:Mavra
368:Sfinx
366:band
163:. In
125:chord
2403:Dyad
2386:list
2295:Open
1139:Mass
1056:Solo
864:Agon
624:ISBN
598:2009
585:ISBN
562:ISBN
526:ISBN
495:ISBN
440:ISBN
247:–G–B
241:–E–F
211:–E–G
88:The
82:6-30
69:root
27:root
2380:by
2095:By
1409:'s
962:Ode
304:'s
223:)–B
217:–G(
177:):
2501::
2146:/
520:.
474:,
386:.
127:.
2388:)
2384:(
2370:e
2363:t
2356:v
1898:9
1720:e
1713:t
1706:v
1415:)
1221:"
1217:"
1193:"
1189:"
1103:"
1099:"
1035:)
1031:(
803:)
799:(
677:e
670:t
663:v
630:.
600:.
534:.
501:.
480:.
190:.
152:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.