119:
1301:
364:
428:
137:
319:
349:, the Nicaragua Rise, and Jamaica. Whatever might be the origin of this sirenian, it had no further impact in the history of the Antillean mammals, because Jamaica became submerged soon after and with it any terrestrial forms. The rest of the accompanying fossil fauna consists mainly of aquatic vertebrates—fishes, crocodilians, and turtles- and a rhinocerotid species (
380:
different bone beds within a 5 meters thick stratigraphic section of the formation and concluded that remains in the three lower bone beds "appear to represent a single taxon". From these, an almost complete skeleton was composed, only missing most of the feet and the tail. It was the first known quadrupedal sirenian.
379:
are not known from a single complete skeleton. The original description is based on several partial skeletons and “several hundred” isolated cranial and postcranial elements collected from three different bone beds within the
Chapelton Formation. Domning had been looking at sirenian fossils from five
332:
In the 1990s, vertebrate fossils were found in lagoon deposits at Seven Rivers in
Jamaica by Daryl Domning and colleagues. The site is rich in fossils, and yielded hundreds of bones of mainly aquatic vertebrates, a primitive rhinoceros, and possibly a primate. In 2001, Domning named
340:
The Seven Rivers site is not only one of the very rare examples of a noncave deposit in the West Indies, but also the oldest discovered so far, with an age of late Early or early Middle Eocene, as attributed by
Robinson in 1988. The presence of
467:
Díaz-Berenguer E, Badiola A, Moreno-Azanza M & Canudo J.I., 2018, "First adequately-known quadrupedal sirenian from
Eurasia (Eocene, Bay of Biscay, Huesca, northeastern Spain)",
623:
Domning, D. P.; Emry, R. J.; Portell, R. W.; Donovan, S. K.; Schindler, K. S. (December 1997). "Oldest West Indian Land Mammal: Rhinocerotoid
Ungulate from the Eocene of Jamaica".
1389:
707:
1456:
1376:
387:
indicate that while it had four limbs adapted to walking on land, the skull, teeth, and heavy ribs are more typical of modern sirenians, such as
1476:
1471:
634:
625:
326:
1428:
1300:
1466:
700:
118:
1486:
298:
is represented by a
Jamaican fossil skeleton, described in 2001 by Daryl Domning, a marine mammal paleontologist at
1481:
136:
1461:
345:
in
Jamaica can be explained as evidence of an Eocene land bridge connecting North America, the Mexican Arc, the
693:
675:(Eocene, Northeastern Spain) and New Insights into the Locomotion Capabilities of the Quadrupedal Sirenians”,
604:
Robinson, E. (1988). "Late
Cretaceous and early Tertiary sedimentary rocks of the Central Inlier, Jamaica".
545:
1316:
441:
1415:
280:
245:
1433:
1363:
638:
549:
363:
433:
412:, did not use the tail to propel in the water, but rather used its hind limbs in a mode similar to
264:
221:
1081:
654:
573:
131:
310:-like amphibious lifestyle, and is considered a transitional form between land and sea mammals.
1420:
1261:
1021:
874:
1402:
1394:
565:
299:
1407:
867:
646:
557:
536:
1354:
642:
553:
1194:
1115:
858:
487:
303:
1450:
1204:
1164:
1061:
1051:
828:
814:
408:
346:
295:
201:
69:
577:
1184:
1174:
1154:
1131:
1041:
1031:
931:
913:
904:
892:
804:
756:
650:
307:
594:. With original illustrations by Carl Buell. New York, Columbia University Press.
1348:
1241:
1071:
1011:
1001:
943:
844:
794:
447:
44:
1339:
671:
Díaz-Berenguer E, Houssaye A, Badiola A & Canudo1 J.I., “The Hind Limbs of
534:
Domning, D. P. (2001-10-11). "The earliest known fully quadrupedal sirenians".
1231:
1142:
1091:
991:
975:
881:
747:
423:
318:
89:
54:
1281:
1251:
1214:
1124:
1101:
351:
148:
94:
38:
569:
1333:
1271:
920:
735:
399:-sized", or roughly 2 meters long (depending on the length of its tail).
283:
168:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
31:
1381:
960:
953:
784:
767:
716:
658:
388:
291:
188:
99:
74:
1221:
741:
729:
561:
392:
287:
178:
158:
27:
1310:
685:
413:
362:
317:
1368:
1314:
689:
396:
500:
490:
402:
Based on the known tail vertebrae, researchers argue that
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1112:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
949:
939:
901:
855:
825:
810:
800:
790:
780:
1323:
1141:
1111:
974:
930:
900:
891:
854:
824:
765:
371:(blue) compared to some other Eocene sirenian taxa.
592:Evolution: What the Fossils Say and Why It Matters
395:. The living animal is estimated to have been "
337:based on sirenian bones found at Seven Rivers.
679:(6/9/2019): doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09482-9
701:
8:
606:Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica
279:, also known as the "walking manatee", is a
1311:
980:
897:
773:
708:
694:
686:
474:: 5127: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23355-w
325:cast skeleton produced and distributed by
117:
17:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
460:
7:
635:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
626:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
513:), 'siren' (Domning 2001, p. 625).
327:Triebold Paleontology Incorporated
14:
1299:
426:
135:
1457:Eocene mammals of North America
306:. It is believed to have had a
677:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
651:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011013
1:
1477:Fossil taxa described in 2001
499:), 'on foot', 'walking', and
406:, like its European relative
1472:Prehistoric placental genera
294:, 50 million years ago. The
1503:
590:Prothero, Donald R. 2007.
501:
491:
1297:
983:
776:
724:
251:
244:
132:Scientific classification
130:
125:
116:
20:
546:Nature Publishing Group
673:Sobrarbesiren cardieli
442:Evolution of sirenians
372:
329:
26:Temporal range: Early
1416:Paleobiology Database
366:
321:
1467:Transitional fossils
367:Drawing of swimming
643:1997JVPal..17..638D
554:2001Natur.413..625D
434:Paleontology portal
1487:Fossils of Jamaica
469:Scientific Reports
373:
335:Pezosiren portelli
330:
276:Pezosiren portelli
258:Pezosiren portelli
1482:Paleogene Jamaica
1444:
1443:
1403:Open Tree of Life
1317:Taxon identifiers
1308:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
970:
969:
300:Howard University
272:
271:
225:
126:Mounted skeleton
1494:
1462:Eocene sirenians
1437:
1436:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1371:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1312:
1303:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1114:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
981:
951:
941:
903:
898:
857:
827:
812:
802:
792:
782:
774:
710:
703:
696:
687:
680:
669:
663:
662:
620:
614:
613:
601:
595:
588:
582:
581:
562:10.1038/35098072
531:
514:
504:
503:
494:
493:
481:
475:
465:
436:
431:
430:
429:
260:
256:
237:P. portelli
220:
213:
200:
140:
139:
121:
111:
41:
18:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1287:
1137:
1107:
966:
926:
887:
850:
820:
770:
761:
720:
714:
684:
683:
670:
666:
622:
621:
617:
603:
602:
598:
589:
585:
533:
532:
517:
509:, Latinized to
482:
478:
466:
462:
457:
432:
427:
425:
422:
383:The remains of
361:
316:
286:from the early
268:
262:
254:
253:
240:
219:
211:
198:
134:
112:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1345:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1195:Culebratherium
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:Hydrodamalinae
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
995:
984:
978:
972:
971:
968:
967:
965:
964:
957:
947:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
917:
909:
907:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
878:
871:
863:
861:
859:Protosirenidae
852:
851:
849:
848:
841:
833:
831:
822:
821:
819:
818:
808:
798:
788:
777:
771:
766:
763:
762:
760:
759:
750:
744:
738:
732:
725:
722:
721:
715:
713:
712:
705:
698:
690:
682:
681:
664:
615:
596:
583:
515:
476:
459:
458:
456:
453:
452:
451:
444:
438:
437:
421:
418:
360:
357:
315:
312:
304:Washington, DC
270:
269:
263:
249:
248:
242:
241:
233:
231:
227:
226:
209:
205:
204:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
123:
122:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
25:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1499:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1302:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1205:Dioplotherium
1199:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1165:Callistosiren
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1062:Paralitherium
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:Metaxytherium
1046:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1003:
996:
994:
993:
986:
985:
982:
979:
977:
973:
963:
962:
958:
956:
955:
948:
946:
945:
938:
937:
935:
933:
929:
923:
922:
918:
916:
915:
911:
910:
908:
906:
899:
896:
894:
890:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
864:
862:
860:
853:
847:
846:
842:
840:
839:
835:
834:
832:
830:
829:Prorastomidae
823:
817:
816:
815:Sobrarbesiren
809:
807:
806:
799:
797:
796:
789:
787:
786:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
764:
758:
754:
751:
749:
745:
743:
739:
737:
733:
731:
727:
726:
723:
718:
711:
706:
704:
699:
697:
692:
691:
688:
678:
674:
668:
665:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:
619:
616:
611:
607:
600:
597:
593:
587:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
498:
489:
485:
480:
477:
473:
470:
464:
461:
454:
450:
449:
445:
443:
440:
439:
435:
424:
419:
417:
415:
411:
410:
409:Sobrarbesiren
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
378:
370:
365:
358:
356:
354:
353:
348:
347:Chortis Block
344:
338:
336:
328:
324:
320:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:type specimen
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
277:
266:
261:
259:
250:
247:
246:Binomial name
243:
239:
238:
232:
229:
228:
223:
218:
217:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Prorastomidae
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
124:
120:
115:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
33:
29:
23:
19:
16:
1324:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1185:Corystosiren
1183:
1175:Crenatosiren
1173:
1163:
1155:Bharatisiren
1153:
1132:Hydrodamalis
1130:
1123:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1042:Kaupitherium
1040:
1032:Lentiarenium
1030:
1020:
1010:
1000:
990:
959:
952:
942:
932:Trichechinae
919:
914:Anomotherium
912:
905:Miosireninae
893:Trichechidae
880:
873:
866:
843:
837:
836:
813:
805:Prototherium
803:
793:
783:
757:Paenungulata
752:
746:Superorder:
676:
672:
667:
630:
624:
618:
609:
605:
599:
591:
586:
541:
535:
510:
506:
496:
483:
479:
471:
468:
463:
446:
407:
403:
401:
384:
382:
376:
374:
368:
350:
342:
339:
334:
331:
322:
308:hippopotamus
275:
274:
273:
257:
252:
236:
235:
215:
214:
21:
15:
1349:Wikispecies
1242:Kutchisiren
1082:Prohalicore
1072:Priscosiren
1012:Halitherium
1002:Caribosiren
944:Potamosiren
845:Prorastomus
795:Eotheroides
637:: 638–641.
548:: 625–627.
448:Prorastomus
359:Description
323:P. portelli
37:49–46
1451:Categories
1232:Italosiren
1143:Dugonginae
1092:Stegosiren
992:Anisosiren
976:Dugongidae
961:Trichechus
882:Protosiren
748:Afrotheria
455:References
1355:Pezosiren
1325:Pezosiren
1282:Xenosiren
1262:Norosiren
1252:Nanosiren
1215:Domningia
1125:Dusisiren
1102:Sirenavus
1022:Indosiren
875:Libysiren
838:Pezosiren
728:Kingdom:
484:Pezosiren
404:Pezosiren
385:Pezosiren
377:Pezosiren
369:Pezosiren
352:Hyrachyus
343:Pezosiren
314:Discovery
230:Species:
216:Pezosiren
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
22:Pezosiren
1340:Q1439829
1334:Wikidata
1272:Rytiodus
921:Miosiren
742:Mammalia
736:Chordata
734:Phylum:
730:Animalia
717:Sirenian
612:: 49–67.
578:22005691
570:11675784
544:(6856).
420:See also
389:manatees
375:So far,
284:sirenian
195:Family:
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
32:Lutetian
1434:1458166
1408:4943225
1395:1218411
1382:4834578
1369:4529064
954:Ribodon
868:Ashokia
785:Eosiren
768:Sirenia
740:Class:
659:4523853
639:Bibcode
550:Bibcode
486:: from
393:dugongs
292:Jamaica
265:Domning
255:†
234:†
222:Domning
208:Genus:
189:Sirenia
185:Order:
175:Class:
106:↓
1222:Dugong
719:genera
657:
576:
568:
537:Nature
507:Seirēn
502:Σειρήν
414:otters
288:Eocene
267:, 2001
224:, 2001
28:Eocene
1429:WoRMS
1421:70769
1390:IRMNG
753:Clade
655:JSTOR
633:(4).
574:S2CID
511:Siren
497:pezos
492:πεζός
488:Greek
281:basal
1377:GBIF
566:PMID
391:and
45:PreꞒ
1364:EoL
647:doi
558:doi
542:413
397:pig
355:).
302:in
290:of
34:),
1453::
1431::
1418::
1405::
1392::
1379::
1366::
1351::
1336::
755::
653:.
645:.
631:17
629:.
610:24
608:.
572:.
564:.
556:.
540:.
518:^
416:.
95:Pg
39:Ma
1278:†
1268:†
1258:†
1248:†
1238:†
1228:†
1211:†
1201:†
1191:†
1181:†
1171:†
1161:†
1151:†
1113:†
1098:†
1088:†
1078:†
1068:†
1058:†
1048:†
1038:†
1028:†
1018:†
1008:†
998:†
988:†
950:†
940:†
902:†
856:†
826:†
811:†
801:†
791:†
781:†
709:e
702:t
695:v
661:.
649::
641::
580:.
560::
552::
505:(
495:(
472:8
212:†
199:†
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:Ꞓ
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
