83:). Von Bell miscalculated the strength of the enemy; he expected to attack and destroy a small detachment but instead ran into the main Muscovite army. His small force of a few hundred members of the Order and 500 auxiliaries succeeded in smashing through the Muscovite front, however, the Russian flank successfully maneuvered through the woods surrounding woodland, enveloped the Livonian forces and forced them to flee in disarray. This was the last field battle of the
114:), as well as three other nobles were beheaded, their bodies thrown to the dogs. According to another version of the story, the prisoners were doomed by Adashev's patronage; Ivan had been displeased with Adashev earlier and had demoted him from court service to the combat troops. Aleksey Adashev died of fever in Dorpat in the same year; his brother Daniil was executed by Ivan in 1563.
128:, who had been captured in 1558, retained Ivan's favor and was allowed to bury the dead outside of town in accordance with the manner of the Catholic faith. Centuries later, the tombstones of an abandoned cemetery were reused for the pavement of Moscow streets. In 1823, the tomb of Werner Schall von Bell was discovered in the mud of
102:'s men; in total, the Russians captured eleven senior officers and 120 German nobles. Initially, the Muscovite commanders treated the prisoners with respect, hoping that this would help in securing the loyalty of conquered Livonia. Schall von Bell and senior Livonian officers were sent to the court of tsar
106:. When they finally met, Ivan was enraged by von Bell's hostile and unforgiving answers, and ordered the immediate execution of the prisoners. Philipp and his brother, Werner Schall von Bell (
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Materialy i issledovania. Istoria i restavratsia
Moskovskogo Kremlya (Материалы и исследования. История и реставрация памятников Московского Кремля)
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64:). After the Livonian War began in 1558, he became the last Land Marshal or commander-in-chief of the Livonian Order.
220:"Nadgrobnaya plita livonskogo rytsarya Bernta von Bella (Надгробная плита ливонского рыцаря Бернта фон Белля)"
24:
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Crusader
Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2): The Stone Castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560
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around the year 1540. From 1545 he held the post of vice commander (
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The sole survivor among the high-ranking prisoners of the war, the
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75:(Viljandi), von Bell set up an ambush near the village Ermes (
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On 2 August 1560, upon hearing the news of
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31:(1558–1583). Von Bell was taken prisoner after the disastrous
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Ritterbrüder im livländischen Zweig des
Deutschen Ordens
132:, and since then has been preserved, first in the
98:Philipp Schall von Bell was taken prisoner by
8:
186:Stephen R. Turnbull, Peter Dennis (2004).
312:People executed by Russia by decapitation
27:forces during the first two years of the
19:(died 1560) was the commander-in-chief (
262:Ivan the Terrible: first tsar of Russia
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265:. Yale University Press. p. 133.
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176:: Böhlau, 1993. Nr. 761 (P. 565–566).
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42:Philipp Schall von Bell joined the
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317:16th-century executions by Russia
54:and in 1551 he became commander (
322:Prisoners of war held by Russia
168:About his career in the Order:
1:
327:Knights of the Livonian Order
259:De Madariaga, Isabel (2006).
218:Graschenkov, A. V. (1989).
150:Johann Adam Schall von Bell
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302:People of the Livonian War
233:: 61–63. Archived from
71:(Tartu) for a siege of
17:Philipp Schall von Bell
192:. Osprey. p. 22.
25:Livonian Confederation
35:and executed by tsar
285:De Madariaga, p. 137
130:Yakimanka District
272:978-0-300-11973-2
199:978-1-84176-712-3
134:Rumyantsev Museum
104:Ivan IV of Russia
60:) of Marienburg (
37:Ivan IV of Russia
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242:. Retrieved
235:the original
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89:Weissenstein
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29:Livonian War
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307:1560 deaths
296:Categories
156:References
48:Hauskomtur
112:Goldingen
23:) of the
144:See also
91:(Paide,
244:8 March
93:Estonia
62:Alūksne
269:
196:
123:Dorpat
119:Bishop
108:Komtur
81:Latvia
77:Ergeme
73:Fellin
69:Dorpat
57:Komtur
238:(PDF)
223:(PDF)
50:) in
267:ISBN
246:2009
194:ISBN
174:Köln
52:Riga
121:of
110:of
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298::
231:VI
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208:^
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