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1132:), Paul sends word to the Philippians of his upcoming sentence in Rome and of his optimism in the face of death, along with exhortations to imitate his capacity to rejoice in the Lord despite one's circumstances. Paul assures the Philippians that his imprisonment is actually helping to spread the Christian message, rather than hindering it. He also expresses gratitude for the devotion and heroism of Epaphroditus, who the Philippian church had sent to visit Paul and bring him gifts. Some time during his visit with Paul, Epaphroditus apparently contracted some life-threatening debilitating illness. But he recovers before being sent back to the Philippians.
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back to
Philippi after this apparently lengthy, or at least near-fatal separation. Two chapters later, however, at the end of the canonical letter, Paul notes that Epaphroditus had only now just arrived at Paul's side, carrying a gift from Philippi, a reference found toward the close of the "thank-you note" as a formulaic acknowledgement of receipt at Phil 4:18.
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1975:
Ecclesiastical
History, II, 22, 1–8, in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (editors), A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church 2nd series. Vol.1. Eusebius: Church History, Life of Constantine the Great, and Oration in Praise of Constantine (Edinburgh: Eerdmans, 1997) 124–125.
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his resurrection. This is because the last two stanzas quote Isaiah 45:22–23: ("Every knee shall bow, every tongue confess"), which in the original context clearly refers to God the Father. Some scholars argue that
Philippians 2:6–11 identifies Jesus with God from his pre-existence on the basis that
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These letter fragments likely would have been edited into a single document by the first collector of the
Pauline corpus, although there is no clear consensus among scholars regarding who this initial collector may have been, or when the first collection of Pauline epistles may have been published.
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is rendered as "something to be exploited," as it is in many
Christian Bible translations, then the implication is that Christ was already equal to God prior to his incarnation. But Bart Ehrman and others have argued that the correct translation is in fact "something to be grasped after," implying
880:
Another argument against unity has been found in the swiftly changing fortunes of
Epaphroditus: this associate of Paul is at the point of death in chapter two (Phil 2:25–30), where seemingly he has long been bereft of the company of the Philippian Christians; Paul says that he intended to send him
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Starting in the 1960s, a consensus emerged among biblical scholars that
Philippians was not written as one unified letter, but rather as a compilation of fragments from three separate letters from Paul to the church in Philippi. However, this consensus has been currently abandoned by most biblical
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suggests that this passage constitutes an early
Christian poem that was composed by someone else prior to Paul's writings, as early as the mid-late 30s AD and was later used by Paul in his epistle. While the passage is often called a "hymn", some scholars believe this to be an inappropriate name
1974:
makes reference to the tradition that Paul reached Spain. Paul is described in prison in Rome, receiving a vision from God that he would go to Spain. Acts of Peter, Verscelli Acts 1 and 3. Eusebius (early 300’s) recorded that Paul did more ministry after his first jail time in Rome. Eusebius,
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The Christ poem is significant because it strongly suggests that there were very early
Christians who understood Jesus to be a pre-existent celestial being, who chose to take on human form, rather than a human who was later exalted to a divine status.
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In support of the idea that
Philippians is a composite work, Sellew pointed to the abrupt shifts in tone and topic within the text. There also seem to be chronological inconsistencies from one chapter to the next concerning Paul's associate
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There is a general consensus that Philippians consists of authentically Pauline material, and that the epistle is a composite of multiple letter fragments from Paul to the church in Philippi. These letters could have been written from
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Throughout the epistle there is a sense of optimism. Paul is hopeful that he will be released, and on this basis he promises to send Timothy to the Philippians for ministry, and also expects to pay them a personal visit.
1962:(late 1st century) makes a reference to the ministry of Paul after the end of Acts. Clement, To the Corinthians, 5. In J. B. Lightfoot (ed), The Apostolic Fathers (Michigan: Baker Book House, 1978) 15. The author of the
1988:. Vol. LXXXIV. No. 3 July 2012. pp. 213–233. This article summarises the other theories, and offers examples of different scholars who adhere to different theories, but presents a different option for consideration.
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It is uncertain where Paul was when he wrote the letter(s) that make up Philippians. Internal evidence in the letter itself points clearly to it being composed while Paul was in custody, but it is unclear
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imprisonment. Any identification of the place of writing of Philippians is complicated by the fact that some scholars view Acts as being an unreliable source of information about the early Church.
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1966:(late 2nd century) says that Luke recorded mostly that which he himself witnessed and therefore that is why he did not include ‘the journey of Paul, when he went from the city – Rome – to
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Jim Reiher has suggested that the letters could stem from the second period of Roman imprisonment attested by early church fathers. The main reasons suggested for a later date include:
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Regardless of the literary unity of the letter, scholars agree that the material that was compiled into the Epistle to the Philippians was originally composed in
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While the author of the poem did believe that Jesus existed in heaven before his physical incarnation, there is some debate about whether he was believed to be
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consists of Philippians 3:2–4:1, and may also include 4:2–3. It is a testament to Paul's rejection of all worldly things for the sake of the gospel of Jesus.
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Pelaez, I. N. (1970). Epistle on the Philippians. Angel & Water;reprint, Angels new books, ed. Michael Angelo. (1987). Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.
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since it does not have a rhythmic or metrical structure in the original Greek. This theory was first proposed by German protestant theologian
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in a letter to Luke's home church (when the narrative in Acts clearly suggests that Luke was with Paul in his first Roman imprisonment)
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consists of Philippians 4:10–20. It is a short thank-you note from Paul to the Philippian church, regarding gifts they had sent him.
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in 57–59, but the most likely city of provenance is Rome, around 62 AD, or about 10 years after Paul's first visit to Philippi.
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2558:(Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2011) (Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments, 240).
2383:. New International Biblical Commentary. New Testament Series. Edited by W. Ward Gasque. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2002.
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and follower of the Jewish law, he now considers these things to be worthless and worldly compared to the gospel of Jesus.
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In Chapter 4, Paul urges the Philippians to resolve conflicts within their fellowship. In the latter part of the chapter (
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can no longer claim widespread support." Nevertheless, most scholars currently support the literary unity of Philippians.
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2589:. International Critical Commentary. Ed. By Samuel R. Driver, Alfred Plummer, Charles A. Briggs. Edinburgh: Clark, 1902.
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and related words were almost always used to refer to something that a person doesn't yet possess but tries to acquire.
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2504:. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Ed. By Frederick F. Bruce. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991.
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G. Walter Hansen, "The traditional view that Philippians was composed as one letter in the form presented in the NT
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Today, a number of scholars believe that Philippians is a composite of multiple letter fragments. According to the
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In the words of Hornik and Parsons, "Acts must be carefully sifted and mined for historical information." (pg. 10)
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Head-piece to Philippians. Philippians 2:7-8. Print made by James Heath. 1800. Published by T. Macklin, London.
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2487:. New Century Bible Commentary. New Testament. Edited by Matthew Black. Repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.
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Chapter 2 of the epistle contains a famous poem describing the nature of Christ and his act of redemption:
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2575:. Torch Bible Commentaries. Edited by John Marsh, David M. Paton, and Alan Richardson. London: SCM, 1958.
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1076:. The earliest surviving manuscripts were made centuries later, and include complete and partial copies:
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Garland, David E. 1985. "The Composition and Unity of Philippians: Some Neglected Literary Factors."
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The Interpretation of St. Paul's Epistles to the Galatians, to the Ephesians, and to the Philippians
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2456:. Rev. ed. Edited by J.W. Shepherd. Gospel Advocated Commentary. Nashville, Tenn.: Gospel Advocate.
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Philippians: An Ancient Thank You Letter – A Study of Paul and His Ministry Partners' Relationship
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It is widely agreed by interpreters, however, that the Christ poem depicts Jesus as equal to God
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2480:. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Ed. By R.V.G. Tasker. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1977.
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is named with him as co-author or co-sender. The letter is addressed to the Christian church in
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Black, David A. 1995. "The Discourse Structure of Philippians: A Study in Textlinquistics."
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Philippians 2:5–11 in Recent Interpretation & in the Setting of Early Christian Worship
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C. Prayer for the Philippians’ Discerning Love to Increase until the Day of Christ (1:9–11)
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scholars. According to Philip Sellew, Philippians contains the following letter fragments:
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2582:. NIV Application Commentary. General Editor. Terry Muck. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan.
2522:
Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F. F. Bruce
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McAlister, Bryan. 2011. "Introduction to Philippians: Mindful of How We Fill Our Minds."
1780:
Sellew, Philip (January 1994). ""Laodiceans" and the Philippians Fragments Hypothesis".
807:, which occurred between approximately 50 and 52 AD. In the account of his visit in the
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Jim Reiher, “Could Philippians have been written from the Second Roman Imprisonment?”
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Murray, Robert, SJ (2007). "69. Philippians". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
1023:, candidates would include the Roman imprisonment at the end of Acts, and the earlier
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2397:. Edited by Garland Elkins and Thomas B. Warren. Jonesboro, Ark.: National Christian.
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2276:
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Ehrman, Bart D. (2014). "7. Jesus as God on Earth: Early Incarnation Christologies".
1971:
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Abrahamsen, Valerie (March 1988). "Christianity and the Rock Reliefs at Philippi".
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2418:. Word Biblical Commentary 43. Edited by Bruce Metzger. Nashville, Tenn.: Nelson.
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Elkins, Garland. 1976. "The Living Message of Philippians." pp. 171–180 in
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prior to his death and resurrection. This largely depends on how the Greek word
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31:
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161:
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1353:) is translated in verse 6 ("Something to be grasped after / exploited"). If
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480:
2679:
2353:. Enlarged type edition. Edited by Robert Frew. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker.
2524:. Edited by W. Ward Gasque and Ralph P. Martin. Exeter: Paternoster Press.
1882:. New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
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is necessary for salvation. He testifies that while he once was a devout
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2195:(2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. pp. vii–ix.
1750:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 15.
1402:
B. Thanksgiving for the Philippians’ Participation in the Gospel (1:3–8)
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consists of Philippians 1:1–3:1, and may also include 4:4–9 and 4:21–23.
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816:
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Mule, D. S. M. (1981). The Letter to the Philippians. Cook Book House.
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How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee
3765:
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1281:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1180.
1139:), Paul warns the Philippians about those Christians who insist that
1015:
period of imprisonment the letter refers to. If the testimony of the
840:
88:
2319:
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The original manuscript or manuscripts of the epistle are lost, and
2275: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1063:
A similar disappointment with co-workers shared only with 2 Timothy
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amphitheater with the harbor street leading to the coastline (2004)
3605:
2926:
2846:
2556:
Christ Identity: A Social-Scientific Reading of Philippians 2.5–11
2386:
Burton, Ernest De Witt. 1896. "The Epistles of the Imprisonment."
2346:. Rev. ed. Daily Bible Study Series. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster.
1967:
1381:
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allusions to Isaiah 45:22–23 are present all throughout the poem.
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2461:"Sending Letters in the Ancient World: Paul and the Philippians."
2230:
Paul and the Trinity: Persons, Relations, and the Pauline Letters
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equal to God before his resurrection. Outside of this passage,
2551:. Edited by Don Shackelford. Searcy, Ark.: Harding University.
70:
2442:. Vol. 3. Edited by W. Robertson Nicoll. New York, NY: Doran.
2344:
The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians
1348:
1338:
1535:
D. Paul as an Example of Conduct and Watchfulness (3:17–4:1)
2663:: Commentaries and other resources (BiblicalStudies.org.uk)
2005:. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. p. 93.
2438:
Kennedy, H. A. A. 1900. "The Epistle to the Philippians."
2433:
The Book of Philippians: A Grammatical and Practical Study
1436:
III. Practical Instructions in Sanctification (1:27–2:30)
2003:
The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts
2622:
Online translations of the Epistle to the Philippians:
2469:
Mackay, B. S. 1961. "Further Thoughts on Philippians."
2423:"Introduction, Background, and Outline to Philippians."
2363:
Blevins, James L. 1980. "Introduction to Philippians."
811:, Paul and Silas are accused of "disturbing the city".
2547:
Sanders, Ed. 1987. "Philippians." pp. 331–339 in
2370:
Brooks, James A. 1980. "Introduction to Philippians."
2255:"11. Philippians: Introduction, Argument, and Outline"
1226:
Of those in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth.
30:"Philippians" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2657:: Commentaries and other resources (Tyndale Seminary)
2395:
The Living Messages of the Books of the New Testament
1825:, Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.
1057:
A similar unique expression that is shared only with
902:
1009, containing part of Philippians (3rd century AD)
2613:. Everyman's Bible Commentary. Chicago, Ill.: Moody.
2601:"Philippians: Introductions, Argument, and Outline."
1202:
Becoming obedient unto death— even death on a cross.
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2676:: Commentaries and other resources (NTGateway.com)
1605:Textual variants in the Epistle to the Philippians
1441:A. Living Boldly as Citizens of Heaven (1:27–1:30)
2730:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). pp. 390–392.
2682:: Commentaries and other resources (TextWeek.com)
2411:. English ed. Metro Manila: Philippine Challenge.
1479:C. Living Obediently as Children of God (2:12–18)
1040:An impending sense of death permeating the letter
2294:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
1446:B. Living Humbly as Servants of Christ (2:1–11)
1168:
878:
2587:The Epistle to the Philippians and to Philemon
2542:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
1936:The Acts of the Apostles through the centuries
2907:
2802:
2680:Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room
2667:Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room
2661:Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room
2655:Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room
2518:"Caesarea, Rome, and the Captivity Epistles."
1934:Hornik, Heidi J.; Parsons, Mikeal C. (2017).
1261:in 1928, and this "has come to dominate both
732:
506:
8:
1938:(1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1664:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 980.
1638:. It is most commonly abbreviated as "Phil."
1308:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2596:. 4 vols. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, n.d.
2594:Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
1970:.’ The Muratoriun Canon. 2. The apocryphal
920:, sometime during the 50s or early 60s AD.
3148:
2914:
2900:
2892:
2809:
2795:
2787:
2734:
2539:"Pauline Letter Structure in Philippians."
2449:. Repr. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2001.
2233:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 96.
1876:Bird, Michael F.; Gupta, Nijay K. (2020).
1833:
1831:
1414:II. Paul’s Present Circumstances (1:12–26)
739:
725:
524:
513:
499:
47:
2563:"The Theme and Structure of Philippians."
2452:Lipscomb, David and J.W. Shepherd. 1968.
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
1525:B. Paul’s Goal: The Resurrection (3:7–11)
1520:A. The Judaizers Basis: The Flesh (3:1–6)
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1739:
1737:
1515:IV. Polemical Doctrinal Issues (3:1–4:1)
1506:2. The Example of Epaphroditus (2:25–30)
1496:D. Examples of Humble Servants (2:19–30)
1451:1. The Motivation to Live Humbly (2:1–4)
1194:And being found in appearance as a human
1651:
1623:
536:
59:
2502:The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians
2478:The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians
2454:Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians
2351:Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians
1456:2. The Model of Living Humbly (2:5–11)
1301:
1170:Who, though he was in the form of God,
41:"Phl." redirects here. For other, see
36:Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians
2691:Bible.org introduction to Philippians
1562:3. Thinking and Acting Purely (4:8–9)
1489:2. The Effect on the Saints (2:14–18)
1190:And coming in the likeness of humans.
7:
1557:2. Rejoicing without Anxiety (4:4–7)
1530:C. Perfection and Humility (3:12–16)
1128:In Chapters 1 and 2 of Philippians (
79:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9
3846:Other books referenced in the Bible
3805:New Testament manuscript categories
2721:"Philippians, Epistle to the"
2529:"Philippians: Rejoicing in Christ."
2513:, s.v. "Philippians, Letter to the"
1700:from the original on April 21, 2022
1501:1. The Example of Timothy (2:19–24)
1424:B. The Brothers’ Response (1:14–17)
1175:Did not regard being equal with God
1074:the text of surviving copies varies
990:Rome, Philippi, and Ephesus in the
3376:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2704:"Epistle to the Philippians"
2511:Dictionary of Paul and His Letters
1678:from the original on June 3, 2021.
1579:2. The Philippians’ Gift (4:14–18)
1484:1. The Energizing of God (2:12–13)
1265:of Philippians and study of early
1242:Philippians 2:5–11, translated by
25:
1632:Letter of Paul to the Philippians
1630:The book is sometimes called the
2634:
2373:Southwestern Journal of Theology
2270:
1419:A. Paul’s Imprisonment (1:12–13)
1252:Due to its unique poetic style,
1206:Therefore God highly exalted him
1050:A harsher imprisonment than the
969:
954:
953:
937:
930:
545:
479:
467:
69:
3945:Christianity in Roman Macedonia
3861:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2701:Heeren, Achille Vander (1911).
1574:1. Paul’s Contentment (4:10–13)
1470:b. Christ’s Exaltation (2:9–11)
1238:To the glory of God the Father.
1230:And every tongue should confess
1054:of his first Roman imprisonment
970:
2611:Philippians: Triumph in Christ
1844:. Fortress Press. p. 10.
1187:Taking on the form of a slave,
1178:Something to be grasped after.
1043:The absence of any mention of
1034:The letter's highly developed
75:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
2650:Online Study of Philippians:
1747:The Letter to the Philippians
1569:B. A Note of Thanks (4:10–20)
706:Apostles in the New Testament
2445:Lenski, Richard C. H. 1937.
1591:C. Final Greetings (4:21–23)
1584:3. God’s Provision (4:19–20)
1465:a. Christ’s Emptying (2:5–8)
1429:C. Paul’s Attitude (1:18–26)
1211:And bestowed on him the name
938:
791:) first visited Philippi in
3920:1st-century Christian texts
2739:Epistle to the Philippians
2642:public domain audiobook at
2459:Llewelyn, Stephen R. 1995.
2440:Expositor's Greek Testament
2414:Hawthorne, Gerald F. 1983.
2286:Philippians, Epistle to the
2001:; David P. Barrett (2001).
1278:The Oxford Bible Commentary
1068:Surviving early manuscripts
3966:
3915:Epistle to the Philippians
3841:English Bible translations
3229:Song of the Three Children
2818:Epistle to the Philippians
2573:Philippians and Colossians
2379:Bruce, Frederick F. 1989.
2031:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
1838:Holloway, Paul A. (2017).
1782:Harvard Theological Review
1690:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
1349:
1339:
753:Epistle to the Philippians
40:
29:
3879:
2775:
2762:
2754:
2737:
2585:Vincent, Marvin R. 1897.
2534:. Accessed: 3 Sept. 2011.
2500:Müller, Jacobus J. 1955.
2435:. Abilene, Tex.: Quality.
2291:Easton's Bible Dictionary
2189:Martin, Ralph P. (1997).
1794:10.1017/S0017816000031618
1235:That Jesus Christ is Lord
1218:That at the name of Jesus
1214:That is above every name,
1105:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
661:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
433:New Testament manuscripts
27:Book of the New Testament
2609:Walvoord, John F. 1971.
2342:Barclay, William. 1975.
2027:Novum Testamentum Graece
3703:Intertestamental period
2727:Encyclopædia Britannica
2718:Moffatt, James (1911).
2578:Thielman, Frank. 1995.
2561:Swift, Robert C. 1984.
2554:Sergio Rosell Nebreda,
2537:Russell, Ronald. 1982.
2483:Martin, Ralph P. 1976.
2476:Martin, Ralph P. 1959.
2407:Hagelberg, Dave. 2007.
1744:Hansen, Walter (2009).
1552:1. Being United (4:2–3)
1547:A. Exhortations (4:2–9)
1317:Incarnation Christology
799:) during Paul's second
486:Christianity portal
3687:Apocalyptic literature
3324:Paralipomena of Baruch
2696:Sermons on Philippians
2544:25.3 (Sept.): 295–306.
2431:Jackson, Wayne. 1987.
2404:27.2 (April): 141–173.
2349:Barnes, Albert. 1949.
2308:Biblical Archaeologist
2282:Easton, Matthew George
1387:
1250:
1182:But he emptied himself
1007:
903:
889:
844:
3851:Additional Scriptures
3815:New Testament uncials
2710:Catholic Encyclopedia
2471:New Testament Studies
2227:Hill, Wesley (2015).
1986:Evangelical Quarterly
1397:A. Salutation (1:1–2)
1385:
1223:Every knee should bow
1001:
898:
834:
3836:Bible version debate
3810:New Testament papyri
3756:Samaritan Pentateuch
3381:Testament of Abraham
3319:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2568:141 (July): 234–254.
2549:New Testament Survey
2527:Roper, David. 2003.
2520:pp. 277–286 in
2494:153.9 (Sept.): 12–13
2473:7.2 (Jan.): 161–170.
2365:Review and Expositor
1694:Logos Bible Software
1542:V. Postlude (4:2–23)
1017:Acts of the Apostles
987:class=notpageimage|
809:Acts of the Apostles
711:Pauline Christianity
443:Johannine literature
144:Acts of the Apostles
77:New Testament papyri
43:PHL (disambiguation)
3925:New Testament books
3778:Muratorian fragment
3713:New Testament canon
3708:Old Testament canon
3601:Chapters and verses
3219:Additions to Daniel
3185:Additions to Esther
2599:Wallace, Daniel B.
2592:Vincent, Marvin R.
2367:77 (Sum.): 311–325.
1392:I. Preface (1:1–11)
1117:Codex Claromontanus
900:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus
428:New Testament canon
3940:Canonical epistles
3391:Testament of Jacob
3386:Testament of Isaac
3271:Prayer of Manasseh
3234:Bel and the Dragon
3214:Letter of Jeremiah
2771:Books of the Bible
2686:Related articles:
2672:2017-04-23 at the
2640:Bible: Philippians
2571:Synge, F.C. 1951.
2516:Reicke, Bo. 1970.
2376:23.1 (Fall): 7–54.
2360:37.1 (Jan.): 16–49
1999:Comfort, Philip W.
1823:Harris, Stephen L.
1388:
1199:He humbled himself
1099:Codex Alexandrinus
1008:
904:
845:
843:(northeast Greece)
801:missionary journey
656:Apocalypse of Paul
644:Related literature
558:Pauline literature
354:Book of Revelation
3902:
3901:
3871:Textual criticism
3434:
3433:
3358:Psalms of Solomon
3301:Orthodox Tewahedo
2889:
2888:
2785:
2784:
2776:Succeeded by
2768:
2630:at GospelHall.org
2566:Bibliotheca Sacra
2402:Novum Testamentum
2358:Novum Testamentum
2240:978-0-8028-6964-7
2175:978-0-0617-7819-3
2012:978-0-8423-5265-9
1889:978-1-108-47388-0
1851:978-1-5064-3843-6
1757:978-1-84474-403-9
1671:978-1-4335-6343-0
1052:open house arrest
821:Caesarea Maritima
783:. Paul, Timothy,
771:is attributed to
749:
748:
523:
522:
453:Pastoral epistles
286:Catholic epistles
16:(Redirected from
3957:
3950:Ancient Philippi
3930:Pauline epistles
3751:Dead Sea Scrolls
3733:Dating the Bible
3611:Historical books
3248:Eastern Orthodox
3161:Eastern Orthodox
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2492:Gospel Advocate
2421:Herrick, Greg.
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3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:2 Corinthians
3481:
3479:
3478:1 Corinthians
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3440:New Testament
3437:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:New Testament
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3329:Broader canon
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Song of Songs
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:Old Testament
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2780:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2766:New Testament
2759:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2736:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2277:public domain
2269:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2202:0-8308-1894-4
2198:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2168:. HarperOne.
2167:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:Phil 1:18b–26
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1972:Acts of Peter
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1945:9781118597873
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:Acts 28:30–31
1910:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1661:ESV Pew Bible
1655:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:(3rd century)
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:to be trusted
1018:
1014:
1005:
1000:
993:
992:Mediterranean
988:
979:
963:
947:
933:
923:
921:
919:
914:
912:
909:
901:
897:
893:
886:Philip Sellew
882:
877:
875:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
849:
842:
838:
833:
826:
824:
822:
818:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:(and perhaps
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:New Testament
758:
754:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
722:
720:
719:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
690:
689:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Lost epistles
649:
648:
640:
639:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:2 Corinthians
579:
577:
576:1 Corinthians
574:
572:
569:
568:
563:
559:
553:
552:
548:
544:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
516:
511:
509:
504:
502:
497:
496:
494:
493:
487:
482:
477:
475:
465:
464:
462:
461:
454:
451:
448:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
417:
416:
409:
406:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
390:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
374:
373:
369:
363:
362:
355:
352:
351:
347:
346:
339:
336:
335:
333:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
312:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
296:
294:
291:
290:
287:
284:
283:
279:
276:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
260:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
244:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
212:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
196:
191:
190:2 Corinthians
188:
186:
185:1 Corinthians
183:
182:
180:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
167:
163:
159:
153:
152:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
134:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
106:
105:
102:
99:
98:
94:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
68:
67:
64:
63:New Testament
58:
54:
50:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
18:Philippians 3
3789:Vetus Latina
3787:
3770:
3723:Jewish canon
3718:Antilegomena
3620:Poetic Books
3616:Wisdom books
3594:Subdivisions
3507:
3497:
3212: /
3137:Deuterocanon
3057:Lamentations
3037:Ecclesiastes
2944:(protocanon)
2935:Hebrew Bible
2837:Epaphroditus
2817:
2763:
2742:
2725:
2708:
2685:
2649:
2628:Online Bible
2627:
2621:
2610:
2603:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2510:
2501:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2314:(1): 46–56.
2311:
2307:
2289:
2258:
2249:
2229:
2222:
2211:
2191:
2184:
2164:
2137:
2131:Phil 2:19–23
2126:
2120:Phil 4:15–20
2115:
2104:
2093:
2087:Phil 2:26–27
2082:
2076:Phil 2:25–30
2071:
2065:Phil 1:12–15
2060:
2054:Phil 2:14–18
2049:
2038:
2026:
2021:
2002:
1993:
1980:
1955:
1935:
1929:
1920:
1909:
1898:
1878:
1871:
1860:
1840:
1818:
1788:(1): 17–28.
1785:
1781:
1746:
1725:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1660:
1654:
1635:
1634:, or simply
1631:
1626:
1609:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1292:. Retrieved
1277:
1251:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1141:circumcision
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1089:(AD 325-350)
1071:
1036:Ecclesiology
1029:
1012:
1009:
915:
911:
905:
890:
879:
874:Epaphroditus
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
839:, a city in
813:
752:
750:
666:Acts of Paul
595:
540:in the Bible
216:
60:Books of the
3894:WikiProject
3772:Diatessaron
3743:Manuscripts
3696:Development
3498:Philippians
3368:Beta Israel
3286:4 Maccabees
3281:3 Maccabees
3195:2 Maccabees
3190:1 Maccabees
2972:Deuteronomy
2580:Philippians
2485:Philippians
2416:Philippians
2390:7.1: 46–56.
2381:Philippians
2098:Phil 3:2–10
1903:Phil 1:7,13
1879:Philippians
1841:Philippians
1636:Philippians
1294:February 6,
1267:Christology
1162:Christ poem
918:Koine Greek
827:Composition
596:Philippians
217:Philippians
32:Philippines
3909:Categories
3831:Authorship
3761:Septuagint
3606:Pentateuch
3585:Revelation
3509:Laodiceans
3503:Colossians
2992:1–2 Samuel
2779:Colossians
2109:Phil 4:2–3
1924:Acts 23–26
1730:Acts 16:20
1646:References
1345:accusative
1273:formulas".
1081:Papyrus 16
908:theologian
601:Colossians
562:Authorship
368:Authorship
348:Apocalypse
222:Colossians
162:Apocalypse
137:Lukan Acts
3670:Johannine
3530:2 Timothy
3525:1 Timothy
3493:Ephesians
3488:Galatians
3276:Psalm 151
3144:apocrypha
3122:Zechariah
3112:Zephaniah
2997:1–2 Kings
2962:Leviticus
2758:Ephesians
2604:Bible.org
2426:Bible.org
2336:195040919
2284:(1897). "
2259:Bible.org
2142:Phil 2:24
2033:, p. 610.
1865:Phil 4:17
1810:163252743
1704:April 21,
1364:harpagmon
1355:harpagmon
1335:harpagmon
1304:cite book
1101:(400-440)
1095:(330-360)
1059:2 Timothy
1025:Caesarean
1002:Ruins of
835:Ruins of
797:Macedonia
621:2 Timothy
616:1 Timothy
591:Ephesians
586:Galatians
379:Luke-Acts
254:2 Timothy
249:1 Timothy
206:Ephesians
201:Galatians
3884:Category
3783:Peshitta
3680:Catholic
3675:Pastoral
3660:Epistles
3653:Synoptic
3540:Philemon
3353:2 Baruch
3340:Peshitta
3314:Jubilees
3266:2 Esdras
3261:1 Esdras
3156:Catholic
3107:Habakkuk
3052:Jeremiah
3032:Proverbs
3012:Nehemiah
2860:Syntyche
2670:Archived
2644:LibriVox
1719:Phil 1:1
1698:Archived
1676:Archived
1599:See also
1350:ἁρπαγμός
1347:form of
1340:ἁρπαγμόν
1263:exegesis
1240:—
1152:Letter A
1145:Pharisee
1137:Letter C
1130:Letter B
1124:Contents
1119:(c. 550)
1113:(c. 450)
1107:(c. 450)
962:Philippi
884:—
865:Letter C
859:Letter B
853:Letter A
837:Philippi
781:Philippi
694:See also
631:Philemon
530:a series
528:Part of
447:epistles
270:Philemon
158:Epistles
53:a series
51:Part of
3856:Studies
3824:Related
3795:Vulgate
3665:Pauline
3643:Gospels
3560:2 Peter
3555:1 Peter
3545:Hebrews
3448:Matthew
3338:Syriac
3224:Susanna
3127:Malachi
3087:Obadiah
3062:Ezekiel
2967:Numbers
2952:Genesis
2925:of the
2874:Related
2865:Timothy
2832:Clement
2825:Persons
2747:Epistle
2744:Pauline
2328:3210038
2279::
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