515:, so has a diet consisting mainly of but not limited to termites and ants. It has in incredible sense of smell that it uses to find its food. The Philippine pangolin is seem to have strong preferences when it comes to the insects they eat, selectively consuming a certain species of ant or termite they like, or even actively avoiding certain species when there is enough of a food abundance to be picky. Its forefeet are used to dig into mounds and logs while its tongue harvests insects. The pangolin will only ever eat a portion of a termite or ant colony, leaving most of the mound/hill intact for the colony to regrow and act as a continuous food source for the pangolin later down the line. It consumes sand and small stones to help grind food in their stomachs.
318:
524:
532:
42:
551:, and tend to stay in the tree canopy. When sleeping, they prefer to take refuge inside hollow trees. When threatened, they, like all pangolins, secrete a foul odor and roll into a ball, relying on the protection provided by their scales. Many even sleep rolled up into a ball to protect themselves while they are unaware. They are not known for being territorial animals, but they may be seen leaving their scent to let others know they've taken refuge there for a while.
108:
242:
66:
256:
301:. Its habitat includes primary and secondary forests, as well as surrounding grasslands. This species is moderately common within its limited range, but is at risk due to heavy hunting because of its valued scales and meat. This species is distinguished from the closely related Sunda pangolin by its smaller body-to-tail ratio, smaller scales, and a shorter head. It is listed as
852:
559:
While little is known about the reproduction of
Philippine pangolins, their mating habits are thought to be similar to those of the Sunda pangolin. Like most pangolins, Philippine pangolins mate in the spring. The same odorous secretion used as a self-defense mechanism is also used in mating habits.
543:
and reclusive, tending towards being solitary or in pairs. Because they are mainly active at night, their eyesight is below average. While their hearing is still only about average, they make up for their lack of vision with their extraordinary sense of smell. It generally travels slowly, but can
563:
The young are born after a gestation period around 18 weeks and are suckled by their mothers about four months. Usually only one offspring is born at once, and they are carried around on the mothers back for a time. When sleeping or threatened, the mother tends to roll in a ball for defense like
490:
everywhere except the underbelly and face, making up at least 20% of the body weight. It regrows new scales when they are lost and always has the same number of scales throughout their lifespan. The scales come in shades of brown, yellow and olive, making for adequate camouflage at night. Newer
572:
The
Philippine pangolin, much like every other species of pangolin, is considered threatened due to how sought after they are to hunters. Other than the meat, which is a delicacy in certain Asian cultures, the Philippine Pangolin is hunted for their scales, organs, and skin, which are used in
485:
The
Philippine pangolin is roughly 30 to 90 centimetres (12 to 35 in) long, plus a 26 to 88 centimetres (10 to 35 in) tail. It weighs 2 to 77 lb (1 to 35 kg). Philippine pangolins in captivity can live up to about 20 years. It is covered in small triangular scales made of
494:
The
Philippine pangolin has five sharp claws per foot and powerful appendages used for digging. However, these claws are not used as weapons for attacking or defending other animals. Pangolins can also run solely on their hind legs for a duration, using their tail for balance. Its tail is
868:
748:
Catálogo sistemático de toda la fauna de
Filipinas: conocida hasta el presente, y á la vez el de la colección zoológica del Museo de PP. Dominicos del Colegio-universidad de Sto. Tomás de Manila, escrito con motivo de la Exposición Regional
564:
usual, but with the young cradled in a ball of their own, encompassed in the mother's ball. At the age of about 5 months, young will separate from their mother. Female pangolins even adopt lone young that have lost their own mother.
499:, allowing it to grab onto branches or stand on its hind legs, despite being covered in scales. The tail also aids the species with climbing and standing upright or to be used as a weapon to puncture enemies using its sharp scales.
544:
move in a short burst towards safety when it becomes startled, and even has a limited ability to swim. Occasionally, it can be seen standing on its hind legs, balancing on its tail, to help detect nearby predators.
502:
The
Philippine pangolin's tongue can stretch up to 25 cm (10 inches) long and is coated in an adhesive saliva that is helpful for catching insects. Its head is cone shaped with a long snout and no teeth.
345:, but has been considered a distinct species since 1998. Five distinct morphological characteristics involving the skull and the scales have been identified which separate it from the closely related
1752:
577:
listed the animal as protected under
Appendix I (meaning commercial international trade was prohibited) due to how much international trade influenced pangolin hunting. The
491:
offspring have much softer scales than adults and tend to weight about 90–500 grams (3–18 oz). Areas of the body without scales are covered in a layer of hair.
1685:
317:
1772:
1607:
1633:
676:
724:
922:
1767:
1103:
560:
The secretion is used by males to assert against other males, attract a mate, and are used by the mother while nurturing their young.
326:
835:
523:
1659:
1762:
787:"Assessing the Taxonomic Status of the Palawan Pangolin Manis Culionensis (Pholidota) Using Discrete Morphological Characters"
1677:
862:
1638:
760:
255:
70:
578:
1672:
1568:
772:
1690:
706:
107:
531:
1777:
337:
in 1885; it was also mentioned by de Elera in an 1895 work. In the past, this species has been included with the
1232:
1220:
1008:
803:
786:
1560:
1096:
1031:
1508:
384:
1573:
1546:
214:
851:
Vergara, Benito S.; Idowu, Panna
Melizah H.; Sumangil, Julia H.; Gonzales, Juan Carlos; Dans, Andres.
41:
1594:
1388:
1330:
1289:
1241:
626:
1483:
334:
231:
1451:
1044:
671:
548:
322:
55:
1226:
1089:
102:
1711:
1581:
1059:
858:
831:
730:
720:
437:
377:
1716:
1651:
1214:
1076:
819:
798:
621:
462:
440:
401:
714:
692:
1698:
1443:
1267:
680:
391:
368:
between these species is hypothesized to have been caused by rising sea levels severing a
241:
747:
1757:
1472:
1436:
1322:
603:
394:
338:
818:
Schoppe, Sabine; Katsis, Lydia K.D.; Alvarado, Dexter; Acosta-Lagrada, Levita (2019).
1746:
1646:
1395:
710:
612:
75:
1586:
582:
547:
While some of their time is spent on the ground foraging, Philippine pangolins are
512:
496:
17:
683:
in A synopsis of the mammilian fauna of the
Philippine Islands. The Field Museum.
1729:
1664:
1620:
1540:
1149:
369:
298:
49:
An adult
Philippine Pangolin and her pup photographed in the forests of Palawan
1531:
1378:
1365:
535:
A Philippine Pangolin pup nudges its mother, rolled up into a protective ball.
420:
365:
973:
1304:
734:
540:
191:
119:
648:
1703:
1525:
1155:
1143:
1131:
761:
ITIS Standard Report for "Manis culionensis" Taxonomic Serial No.: 727709
472:
466:
358:
284:
159:
139:
527:
A Philippine Pangolin rolled in a ball, defending itself with its scales
1612:
1426:
1413:
1161:
1113:
487:
412:
294:
290:
287:
169:
826:. In Challender, Daniel W.S.; Nash, Helen C.; Waterman, Carly (eds.).
1625:
1555:
1137:
1125:
408:
373:
149:
129:
1502:
1724:
1192:
1178:
1081:
574:
530:
522:
397:
316:
254:
179:
92:
86:
716:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1599:
1506:
1085:
775:
in Wilson and Reeder's Mammal Species of the world: 3rd Edition
575:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
719:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 530.
436:) means "one who rolls over" or "one who somersaults" in the
309:
by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD).
804:
10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1068:ATTSOT]2.0.CO;2
1077:
IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group – Philippine pangolin
259:
Philippine pangolin on a 2015 stamp of the Philippines
456:
450:
444:
431:
425:
974:"pangolin | Description, Habitat, Diet, & Facts"
1515:
1469:
1422:
1409:
1374:
1361:
1352:
1299:
1251:
1202:
1187:
1174:
627:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136497A123586862.en
785:Gaubert, Philippe; Antunes, Agostinho (2005).
1097:
602:Schoppe, S.; Katsis, L.; Lagrada, L. (2019).
8:
1034:. The Animal Files. Retrieved on 2016-06-22.
828:Pangolins: Science, Society and Conservation
1753:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1503:
1419:
1371:
1358:
1259:
1199:
1184:
1171:
1104:
1090:
1082:
923:"Pholidota (Pangolins) | Encyclopedia.com"
695:. Pangolinsg.org. Retrieved on 2016-06-22.
240:
64:
40:
31:
802:
751:Imprenta del Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1895
625:
594:
968:
966:
964:
962:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
7:
763:. Itis.gov. Retrieved on 2016-06-22.
613:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
573:traditional medicine. In 2016, the
364:. Genetic isolation leading to the
333:The species was first described by
25:
443:. Other names in Cuyonon include
1773:Endemic fauna of the Philippines
857:. Island Publishing House, Inc.
461:, with the same meaning. In the
106:
477:), also with the same meaning.
854:Interesting Philippine Animals
1:
511:The Philippine pangolin is a
581:has listed the mammal as an
579:Zoological Society of London
473:
467:
457:
451:
445:
432:
426:
539:The Philippine pangolin is
1794:
1768:Mammals of the Philippines
327:Philippine National Museum
249:Philippine pangolin range
1262:
1170:
1120:
277:), also locally known as
248:
239:
220:
213:
103:Scientific classification
101:
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
705:Schlitter, D.A. (2005).
568:Hunting and conservation
407:refers to the island of
1486:DPC 3972 & DPC 4364
1389:Phataginus tetradactyla
1049:. Animal Diversity Web.
1043:Helmsworth, A. (2011).
978:Encyclopedia Britannica
620:: e.T136497A123586862.
1763:Myrmecophagous mammals
713:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
536:
528:
465:, it is also known as
330:
260:
1060:"Philippine Pangolin"
820:"Philippine pangolin
693:"Philippine Pangolin"
534:
526:
320:
307:Critically Endangered
303:Critically Endangered
258:
71:Critically Endangered
1396:Phataginus tricuspis
1331:Manis palaeojavanica
927:www.encyclopedia.com
791:Journal of Mammalogy
649:"Appendices | CITES"
35:Philippine pangolin
1452:Smutsia olteniensis
1268:Manis crassicaudata
1032:Philippine Pangolin
323:Philippine Pangolin
265:Philippine pangolin
206:M. culionensis
56:Conservation status
27:Species of pangolin
18:Philippine Pangolin
1444:Smutsia temminckii
1227:M. p. pentadactyla
1215:Manis pentadactyla
830:. Academic Press.
679:2009-03-18 at the
537:
529:
331:
261:
1740:
1739:
1712:Open Tree of Life
1561:manis-culionensis
1547:Manis culionensis
1517:Manis culionensis
1509:Taxon identifiers
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1405:
1404:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1316:Manis culionensis
1046:Manis culionensis
824:(de Elera, 1915)"
822:Manis culionensis
726:978-0-8018-8221-0
707:"Order Pholidota"
673:Manis culionensis
606:Manis culionensis
378:Early Pleistocene
305:by the IUCN, and
274:Manis culionensis
253:
252:
224:Manis culionensis
96:
79:
16:(Redirected from
1785:
1778:Fauna of Palawan
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1504:
1437:Smutsia gigantea
1420:
1372:
1359:
1260:
1200:
1185:
1172:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1005:
988:
987:
985:
984:
970:
937:
936:
934:
933:
919:
880:
879:
877:
876:
867:. Archived from
848:
842:
841:
815:
809:
808:
806:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
745:
739:
738:
702:
696:
690:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
659:
645:
639:
638:
636:
634:
629:
599:
476:
470:
463:Palawan language
460:
454:
448:
441:Cuyonon language
435:
429:
297:province of the
269:Palawan pangolin
244:
226:
111:
110:
90:
73:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1699:Observation.org
1697:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1511:
1501:
1492:
1476:
1457:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1401:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1336:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1290:Manis lydekkeri
1256:
1254:
1247:
1242:Manis hungarica
1207:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1166:
1116:
1110:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
991:
982:
980:
972:
971:
940:
931:
929:
921:
920:
883:
874:
872:
865:
850:
849:
845:
838:
817:
816:
812:
784:
783:
779:
771:
767:
759:
755:
746:
742:
727:
704:
703:
699:
691:
687:
681:Wayback Machine
670:
666:
657:
655:
647:
646:
642:
632:
630:
601:
600:
596:
591:
570:
557:
521:
509:
483:
418:The local name
357:are grouped in
315:
235:
228:
222:
209:
105:
97:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1537:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1477:
1473:Incertae sedis
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1323:Manis javanica
1319:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1253:southern Asian
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1210:
1208:
1204:southern Asian
1203:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1071:External links
1069:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1036:
1024:
989:
938:
881:
863:
843:
836:
810:
777:
765:
753:
740:
725:
697:
685:
664:
640:
593:
592:
590:
587:
569:
566:
556:
553:
520:
517:
508:
505:
482:
479:
471:(also spelled
395:chthonic deity
355:M. culionensis
343:Manis javanica
339:Sunda pangolin
335:Casto de Elera
314:
311:
251:
250:
246:
245:
237:
236:
229:
218:
217:
211:
210:
203:
201:
197:
196:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
85:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1489:
1487:
1484:Manidае sp. (
1481:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1408:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1354:African clade
1351:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:M. p. pusilla
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1218:(subspecies
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1154:Superfamily:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
990:
979:
975:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
939:
928:
924:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
882:
871:on 2020-03-27
870:
866:
860:
856:
855:
847:
844:
839:
837:9780128155066
833:
829:
825:
823:
814:
811:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
778:
774:
769:
766:
762:
757:
754:
750:
744:
741:
736:
732:
728:
722:
718:
717:
712:
708:
701:
698:
694:
689:
686:
682:
678:
675:
674:
668:
665:
654:
650:
644:
641:
628:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
607:
598:
595:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
567:
565:
561:
554:
552:
550:
545:
542:
533:
525:
518:
516:
514:
506:
504:
500:
498:
492:
489:
480:
478:
475:
469:
464:
459:
453:
447:
442:
439:
434:
428:
423:
422:
416:
414:
410:
406:
403:
402:specific name
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
325:displayed at
324:
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
266:
257:
247:
243:
238:
233:
227:
225:
219:
216:
215:Binomial name
212:
208:
207:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
94:
88:
83:
77:
72:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1516:
1485:
1471:
1450:
1442:
1435:
1425:
1394:
1387:
1377:
1366:Phatagininae
1329:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1288:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1221:M. p. aurita
1219:
1213:
1191:
1054:
1045:
1039:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
981:. Retrieved
977:
930:. Retrieved
926:
873:. Retrieved
869:the original
853:
846:
827:
821:
813:
794:
790:
780:
768:
756:
743:
715:
711:Wilson, D.E.
700:
688:
672:
667:
656:. Retrieved
652:
643:
631:. Retrieved
617:
611:
605:
597:
583:EDGE species
571:
562:
558:
555:Reproduction
546:
538:
513:myrmecophage
510:
501:
493:
484:
419:
417:
404:
400:, while the
390:is from the
387:
385:generic name
382:
361:
354:
350:
346:
342:
332:
321:Taxidermied
306:
302:
279:
278:
273:
272:
268:
264:
262:
223:
221:
205:
204:
192:
180:
29:
1621:iNaturalist
1541:Wikispecies
1150:Eupholidota
797:(6): 1068.
633:19 November
481:Description
405:culionensis
370:land bridge
351:M. javanica
347:M. javanica
299:Philippines
1747:Categories
1414:Smutsiinae
1411:Subfamily:
1379:Phataginus
1363:Subfamily:
1176:Subfamily:
1148:Suborder:
1018:2020-03-31
1013:InfoPlease
1009:"pangolin"
983:2020-03-23
932:2020-04-02
875:2019-12-14
864:9718538550
658:2022-01-14
589:References
497:prehensile
468:tanggiling
366:speciation
188:Subgenus:
89:Appendix I
1305:Paramanis
1301:Subgenus:
1144:Pholidota
1124:Kingdom:
773:Paramanis
653:cites.org
541:nocturnal
474:tangiling
433:malintong
427:halintong
421:balintong
362:Paramanis
280:balintong
200:Species:
193:Paramanis
160:Pholidota
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
1725:Species+
1678:13900010
1532:Q1339663
1526:Wikidata
1282:Scale_H8
1278:Scale_H4
1160:Family:
1156:Manoidea
1138:Mammalia
1132:Chordata
1130:Phylum:
1126:Animalia
1112:Family:
749:Filipina
735:62265494
677:Archived
549:arboreal
519:Behavior
359:subgenus
313:Taxonomy
285:pangolin
232:de Elera
166:Family:
150:Mammalia
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
1717:3613428
1691:1836949
1665:1005795
1613:5219629
1427:Smutsia
1179:Maninae
1162:Manidae
1142:Order:
1136:Class:
1114:Manidae
488:keratin
452:balikon
446:balekon
438:Visayan
413:Palawan
376:in the
349:. Both
295:Palawan
293:to the
291:endemic
288:species
283:, is a
234:, 1895)
176:Genus:
170:Manidae
156:Order:
146:Class:
91: (
74: (
1652:136497
1639:727709
1600:121956
1574:796296
1556:ARKive
1423:Genus:
1375:Genus:
1280:&
1189:Genus:
861:
834:
733:
723:
458:goling
424:(also
409:Culion
374:Borneo
1758:Manis
1704:85034
1626:74544
1587:7VRVL
1276:sp. (
1274:Manis
1255:clade
1206:clade
1193:Manis
709:. In
398:Manes
392:Greek
388:Manis
372:from
181:Manis
93:CITES
87:CITES
1730:5098
1686:NCBI
1647:IUCN
1634:ITIS
1608:GBIF
1569:BOLD
1230:and
859:ISBN
832:ISBN
731:OCLC
721:ISBN
635:2021
618:2019
507:Diet
455:and
383:The
353:and
263:The
1673:MSW
1660:MDD
1595:EoL
1582:CoL
799:doi
622:doi
449:or
430:or
411:in
267:or
1749::
1727::
1714::
1701::
1688::
1675::
1662::
1649::
1636::
1623::
1610::
1597::
1584::
1571::
1558::
1543::
1528::
1224:,
1011:.
992:^
976:.
941:^
925:.
884:^
795:86
793:.
789:.
729:.
651:.
616:.
610:.
585:.
415:.
380:.
341:,
1488:)
1482:†
1449:†
1328:†
1287:†
1284:)
1239:†
1236:)
1105:e
1098:t
1091:v
1062:.
1021:.
986:.
935:.
878:.
840:.
807:.
801::
737:.
661:.
637:.
624::
608:"
604:"
329:.
271:(
230:(
95:)
78:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
