504:, so has a diet consisting mainly of but not limited to termites and ants. It has in incredible sense of smell that it uses to find its food. The Philippine pangolin is seem to have strong preferences when it comes to the insects they eat, selectively consuming a certain species of ant or termite they like, or even actively avoiding certain species when there is enough of a food abundance to be picky. Its forefeet are used to dig into mounds and logs while its tongue harvests insects. The pangolin will only ever eat a portion of a termite or ant colony, leaving most of the mound/hill intact for the colony to regrow and act as a continuous food source for the pangolin later down the line. It consumes sand and small stones to help grind food in their stomachs.
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540:, and tend to stay in the tree canopy. When sleeping, they prefer to take refuge inside hollow trees. When threatened, they, like all pangolins, secrete a foul odor and roll into a ball, relying on the protection provided by their scales. Many even sleep rolled up into a ball to protect themselves while they are unaware. They are not known for being territorial animals, but they may be seen leaving their scent to let others know they've taken refuge there for a while.
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290:. Its habitat includes primary and secondary forests, as well as surrounding grasslands. This species is moderately common within its limited range, but is at risk due to heavy hunting because of its valued scales and meat. This species is distinguished from the closely related Sunda pangolin by its smaller body-to-tail ratio, smaller scales, and a shorter head. It is listed as
841:
548:
While little is known about the reproduction of
Philippine pangolins, their mating habits are thought to be similar to those of the Sunda pangolin. Like most pangolins, Philippine pangolins mate in the spring. The same odorous secretion used as a self-defense mechanism is also used in mating habits.
532:
and reclusive, tending towards being solitary or in pairs. Because they are mainly active at night, their eyesight is below average. While their hearing is still only about average, they make up for their lack of vision with their extraordinary sense of smell. It generally travels slowly, but can
552:
The young are born after a gestation period around 18 weeks and are suckled by their mothers about four months. Usually only one offspring is born at once, and they are carried around on the mothers back for a time. When sleeping or threatened, the mother tends to roll in a ball for defense like
479:
everywhere except the underbelly and face, making up at least 20% of the body weight. It regrows new scales when they are lost and always has the same number of scales throughout their lifespan. The scales come in shades of brown, yellow and olive, making for adequate camouflage at night. Newer
561:
The
Philippine pangolin, much like every other species of pangolin, is considered threatened due to how sought after they are to hunters. Other than the meat, which is a delicacy in certain Asian cultures, the Philippine Pangolin is hunted for their scales, organs, and skin, which are used in
474:
The
Philippine pangolin is roughly 30 to 90 centimetres (12 to 35 in) long, plus a 26 to 88 centimetres (10 to 35 in) tail. It weighs 2 to 77 lb (1 to 35 kg). Philippine pangolins in captivity can live up to about 20 years. It is covered in small triangular scales made of
483:
The
Philippine pangolin has five sharp claws per foot and powerful appendages used for digging. However, these claws are not used as weapons for attacking or defending other animals. Pangolins can also run solely on their hind legs for a duration, using their tail for balance. Its tail is
857:
737:
Catálogo sistemático de toda la fauna de
Filipinas: conocida hasta el presente, y á la vez el de la colección zoológica del Museo de PP. Dominicos del Colegio-universidad de Sto. Tomás de Manila, escrito con motivo de la Exposición Regional
553:
usual, but with the young cradled in a ball of their own, encompassed in the mother's ball. At the age of about 5 months, young will separate from their mother. Female pangolins even adopt lone young that have lost their own mother.
488:, allowing it to grab onto branches or stand on its hind legs, despite being covered in scales. The tail also aids the species with climbing and standing upright or to be used as a weapon to puncture enemies using its sharp scales.
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move in a short burst towards safety when it becomes startled, and even has a limited ability to swim. Occasionally, it can be seen standing on its hind legs, balancing on its tail, to help detect nearby predators.
491:
The
Philippine pangolin's tongue can stretch up to 25 cm (10 inches) long and is coated in an adhesive saliva that is helpful for catching insects. Its head is cone shaped with a long snout and no teeth.
334:, but has been considered a distinct species since 1998. Five distinct morphological characteristics involving the skull and the scales have been identified which separate it from the closely related
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listed the animal as protected under
Appendix I (meaning commercial international trade was prohibited) due to how much international trade influenced pangolin hunting. The
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offspring have much softer scales than adults and tend to weight about 90–500 grams (3–18 oz). Areas of the body without scales are covered in a layer of hair.
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The secretion is used by males to assert against other males, attract a mate, and are used by the mother while nurturing their young.
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776:"Assessing the Taxonomic Status of the Palawan Pangolin Manis Culionensis (Pholidota) Using Discrete Morphological Characters"
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in 1885; it was also mentioned by de Elera in an 1895 work. In the past, this species has been included with the
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Vergara, Benito S.; Idowu, Panna
Melizah H.; Sumangil, Julia H.; Gonzales, Juan Carlos; Dans, Andres.
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between these species is hypothesized to have been caused by rising sea levels severing a
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Schoppe, Sabine; Katsis, Lydia K.D.; Alvarado, Dexter; Acosta-Lagrada, Levita (2019).
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64:
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While some of their time is spent on the ground foraging, Philippine pangolins are
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in A synopsis of the mammilian fauna of the
Philippine Islands. The Field Museum.
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An adult
Philippine Pangolin and her pup photographed in the forests of Palawan
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A Philippine Pangolin pup nudges its mother, rolled up into a protective ball.
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ITIS Standard Report for "Manis culionensis" Taxonomic Serial No.: 727709
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A Philippine Pangolin rolled in a ball, defending itself with its scales
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815:. In Challender, Daniel W.S.; Nash, Helen C.; Waterman, Carly (eds.).
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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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in Wilson and Reeder's Mammal Species of the world: 3rd Edition
564:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
708:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 530.
425:) means "one who rolls over" or "one who somersaults" in the
298:
by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD).
793:
10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[1068:ATTSOT]2.0.CO;2
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IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group – Philippine pangolin
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Philippine pangolin on a 2015 stamp of the Philippines
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963:"pangolin | Description, Habitat, Diet, & Facts"
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616:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136497A123586862.en
774:Gaubert, Philippe; Antunes, Agostinho (2005).
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591:Schoppe, S.; Katsis, L.; Lagrada, L. (2019).
8:
1023:. The Animal Files. Retrieved on 2016-06-22.
817:Pangolins: Science, Society and Conservation
1742:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
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912:"Pholidota (Pangolins) | Encyclopedia.com"
684:. Pangolinsg.org. Retrieved on 2016-06-22.
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752:. Itis.gov. Retrieved on 2016-06-22.
602:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
562:traditional medicine. In 2016, the
353:. Genetic isolation leading to the
322:The species was first described by
14:
432:. Other names in Cuyonon include
1762:Endemic fauna of the Philippines
846:. Island Publishing House, Inc.
450:, with the same meaning. In the
95:
466:), also with the same meaning.
843:Interesting Philippine Animals
1:
500:The Philippine pangolin is a
570:has listed the mammal as an
568:Zoological Society of London
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1757:Mammals of the Philippines
316:Philippine National Museum
238:Philippine pangolin range
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266:), also locally known as
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92:Scientific classification
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694:Schlitter, D.A. (2005).
557:Hunting and conservation
396:refers to the island of
1475:DPC 3972 & DPC 4364
1378:Phataginus tetradactyla
1038:. Animal Diversity Web.
1032:Helmsworth, A. (2011).
967:Encyclopedia Britannica
609:: e.T136497A123586862.
1752:Myrmecophagous mammals
702:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
525:
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454:, it is also known as
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1049:"Philippine Pangolin"
809:"Philippine pangolin
682:"Philippine Pangolin"
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296:Critically Endangered
292:Critically Endangered
247:
60:Critically Endangered
1385:Phataginus tricuspis
1320:Manis palaeojavanica
916:www.encyclopedia.com
780:Journal of Mammalogy
638:"Appendices | CITES"
24:Philippine pangolin
1441:Smutsia olteniensis
1257:Manis crassicaudata
1021:Philippine Pangolin
312:Philippine Pangolin
254:Philippine pangolin
195:M. culionensis
45:Conservation status
16:Species of pangolin
1433:Smutsia temminckii
1216:M. p. pentadactyla
1204:Manis pentadactyla
819:. Academic Press.
668:2009-03-18 at the
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1701:Open Tree of Life
1550:manis-culionensis
1536:Manis culionensis
1506:Manis culionensis
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1305:Manis culionensis
1035:Manis culionensis
813:(de Elera, 1915)"
811:Manis culionensis
715:978-0-8018-8221-0
696:"Order Pholidota"
662:Manis culionensis
595:Manis culionensis
367:Early Pleistocene
294:by the IUCN, and
263:Manis culionensis
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213:Manis culionensis
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1355:Phatagininae
1318:
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1220:
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1210:M. p. aurita
1208:
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862:. Retrieved
858:the original
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572:EDGE species
560:
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544:Reproduction
535:
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502:myrmecophage
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379:is from the
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169:
18:
1610:iNaturalist
1530:Wikispecies
1139:Eupholidota
786:(6): 1068.
622:19 November
470:Description
394:culionensis
359:land bridge
340:M. javanica
336:M. javanica
288:Philippines
1736:Categories
1403:Smutsiinae
1400:Subfamily:
1368:Phataginus
1352:Subfamily:
1165:Subfamily:
1137:Suborder:
1007:2020-03-31
1002:InfoPlease
998:"pangolin"
972:2020-03-23
921:2020-04-02
864:2019-12-14
853:9718538550
647:2022-01-14
578:References
486:prehensile
457:tanggiling
355:speciation
177:Subgenus:
78:Appendix I
1294:Paramanis
1290:Subgenus:
1133:Pholidota
1113:Kingdom:
762:Paramanis
642:cites.org
530:nocturnal
463:tangiling
422:malintong
416:halintong
410:balintong
351:Paramanis
269:balintong
189:Species:
182:Paramanis
149:Pholidota
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
1714:Species+
1667:13900010
1521:Q1339663
1515:Wikidata
1271:Scale_H8
1267:Scale_H4
1149:Family:
1145:Manoidea
1127:Mammalia
1121:Chordata
1119:Phylum:
1115:Animalia
1101:Family:
738:Filipina
724:62265494
666:Archived
538:arboreal
508:Behavior
348:subgenus
302:Taxonomy
274:pangolin
221:de Elera
155:Family:
139:Mammalia
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1706:3613428
1680:1836949
1654:1005795
1602:5219629
1416:Smutsia
1168:Maninae
1151:Manidae
1131:Order:
1125:Class:
1103:Manidae
477:keratin
441:balikon
435:balekon
427:Visayan
402:Palawan
365:in the
338:. Both
284:Palawan
282:to the
280:endemic
277:species
272:, is a
223:, 1895)
165:Genus:
159:Manidae
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
63: (
1641:136497
1628:727709
1589:121956
1563:796296
1545:ARKive
1412:Genus:
1364:Genus:
1269:&
1178:Genus:
850:
823:
722:
712:
447:goling
413:(also
398:Culion
363:Borneo
1747:Manis
1693:85034
1615:74544
1576:7VRVL
1265:sp. (
1263:Manis
1244:clade
1195:clade
1182:Manis
698:. In
387:Manes
381:Greek
377:Manis
361:from
170:Manis
82:CITES
76:CITES
1719:5098
1675:NCBI
1636:IUCN
1623:ITIS
1597:GBIF
1558:BOLD
1219:and
848:ISBN
821:ISBN
720:OCLC
710:ISBN
624:2021
607:2019
496:Diet
444:and
372:The
342:and
252:The
1662:MSW
1649:MDD
1584:EoL
1571:CoL
788:doi
611:doi
438:or
419:or
400:in
256:or
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