141:, and is known to affect many cultivars of table grapes, such as Thompson Seedless, Red Globe, and Flame Seedless. Also in vines of oenological interest, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah, Barbera, Chardonnay and Merlot. Spots or lesions on shoots and leaves are common symptoms of the disease. Small, black spots on the internodes at the base of developing shoots are probably the most common disease symptom. These spots are usually found on the first three to four basal internodes. The spots may develop into elliptical lesions that may grow together to form irregular, black, crusty areas. Under severe conditions, shoots may split and form longitudinal cracks. Although cane lesions often appear to result in little damage to the vines, it is important to remember that these lesions are the primary source of overwintering inoculum for the next growing season. Leaf infections first appear as small, light-green spots with irregular, occasionally star-shaped margins. Usually only the lower one to four leaves on a shoot are affected. In time, the spots become larger, turn black, and have a yellow margin . Leaves become distorted and die if large numbers of lesions develop. Infections of leaf petioles may cause leaves to turn yellow and fall off. All parts of the grape cluster (berries and rachises or cluster stems) are susceptible to infection throughout the growing season; however, most infections appear to occur early in the growing season. Lesions developing on the first one or two cluster stems (rachises) on a shoot may result in premature withering of the cluster stem. Infected clusters that survive until harvest often produce infected or poor-quality fruit. Soil moisture and temperature can impact the severity of symptoms, leading to a systemic infection in warm and wet conditions.
169:, allowing for genetic variation. The ascospores are encased in an ascus, which is further protected in a survival structure called the perithecium. Ascospores can be dispersed over long distances in the wind, but can also be mechanically transmitted or disseminated in rain. The anamorph stage is known to occur in nature and produces the main inoculum associated with this plant pathogen. During favorable conditions, conidia are released from infected lesions on the leaves or fruit and dispersed to other plants through rainfall or wind. Pre-existing wounds on the plant from annual pruning or insects allow the pathogen to gain entry into the next plant. However, if wounds are not present, the conidia can germinate to produce an appressorium to directly penetrate the plant. Once new plants are infected, conidia are produced throughout the season as the secondary cycle of this polycyclic disease.
611:, plant pathology); Gauthier, Nicole W.; (University of Kentucky, plant pathology); Smigell, Chris; (University of Kentucky, plant pathology); Wright, Shawn; (University of Kentucky, horticulture); Klodd, Annie; (University of Minnesota, horticulture); Beckerman, Janna; (Purdue University, plant pathology); Bordelon, Bruce; (Purdue University, horticulture); Haas, Megan Heller; (Purdue University, plant pathology); Meyers, Stephen; (Purdue University, horticulture); Tucker, Tristand; (Purdue University, horticulture); Guedot, Christelle; (University of Wisconsin, entomology); Holland, Leslie; (University of Wisconsin, plant pathology). Beckerman, Janna; (
182:
pathogen present in the field. Prolonged rainfall early in the season has been correlated with greater disease outbreak. Temperature has also been shown to influence the infection rate. It has been found that the pathogen experiences the fastest rate of reproduction between 23 and 25 °C (73 and 77 °F). Although temperature is important, the amount of rainfall has a greater impact on this pathogen because rainfall is an effective method of
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181:
The severity of
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot in grapevine varies greatly between growing seasons. Fungal pathogens depend on moist conditions, causing the intensity of disease outbreaks to increase in wet environments. As the amount of rainfall changes between the seasons, so does the amount of
124:
occurs wherever grapes are grown. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is more severe in grape-growing regions characterized by a humid temperate climate through the growing season. Crop losses up to 30% have been reported to be caused by
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot.
383:
149:
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is caused by an ascomycete fungal plant pathogen. This pathogen produces sexual spores (ascospores) in the teleomorph stage and asexual spores (conidia) during the anamorph stage.
294:Úrbez-Torres, J. R., Peduto, F., Smith, R. J., and Gubler, W. D. 2013. Phomopsis dieback: A grapevine trunk disease caused by Phomopsis viticola in California. Plant Dis. 97:1571–1579.
304:
Erincik, O.; Madden, L. V.; Ferree, D. C.; Ellis, M. A. (1 May 2001). "Effect of Growth Stage on
Susceptibility of Grape Berry and Rachis Tissues to Infection by Phomopsis viticola".
158:) is a cosmopolitan fungal genus that contains both plant pathogens and endophytes described from a wide range of annual and perennial hosts, including economically important crops.
427:
Erincik, O.; Madden, L. V.; Ferree, D. C.; Ellis, M. A. (1 July 2003). "Temperature and
Wetness-Duration Requirements for Grape Leaf and Cane Infection by Phomopsis viticola".
391:
413:
473:
Merrin, S. J.; Nair, N. G.; Tarran, J. (1 March 1995). "Variation in
Phomopsis recorded on grapevine in Australia and its taxonomic and biological implications".
348:
234:) which infects fresh pruning wounds when there is adequate moisture on the vine, such as just after a rain. The fungus also attacks many other hosts such as
1272:
372:
Daniel J. Anco, Omer
Erincik, and Michael A. Ellis, Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grape, Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 2011.
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190:
can also be dispersed through sprinkler irrigation and agricultural runoff. It has not yet been determined if an insect vector for this pathogen exists.
607:, plant pathology); Wahle, Elizabeth; (University of Illinois, horticulture); Hannan, Joseph; (Iowa State University, horticulture); Onofre, Rodrigo; (
798:
Farr, D. F., and
Rossman, A. Y. 2012. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved 15 September 2012 from:
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The teleomorph stage of the disease cycle does not occur in nature and involves sexual combination of the antheridium with the
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Phillips, Alan J. L. (1999). "The
Relationship between Diaporthe perjuncta and Phomopsis viticola on Grapevines".
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731:"An Online Guide to Plant Disease Control: Grape: Eutypa Dieback" Oregon State University Extension
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Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is a disease that causes symptoms in the common grapevine species,
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627:, entomology); Strang, John; (University of Kentucky, horticulture); Guedot, Christelle; (
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631:, entomology); Lewis, Donald; (Iowa State University, entomology); Lewis-Ivey, Melanie; (
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137:, in many regions of the world. This disease is mainly caused by the fungal pathogen,
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349:"Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits – 1st Edition"
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754:"Eutypa Dieback of Grape" Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3203-95
635:, plant pathology); Welty, Celeste; (Ohio State University, entomology) (eds.).
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623:, entomology); Long, Elizabeth; (Purdue University, entomology); Bessin, Ric; (
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EPPO Standards: Good plant protection practice: Grapevine PP 2/23(1)
680:
Lecomte P, Péros JP, Blancard D, Bastien N, Délye C (October 2000).
382:
Resources, Department of
Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and.
682:"PCR assays that identify the grapevine dieback fungus Eutypa lata"
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Munkvold, G. P. (2001) "Eutypa dieback of grapevine and apricot"
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overwinters as pycnidia until favorable conditions arise again.
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794:"Eutypa Dieback: The Next Grapevine Threat is Already Here"
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615:, Co-Editor-in-Chief); Rodriguez-Salamanca, Lina; (
603:
Midwest Fruit
Workers Group; Babadoost, Mohammad; (
115:
Australia, United States, Canada, Japan, Sud Africa
111:
101:
69:
56:
48:
34:
565:"Influence of some chemicals on the viability of
637:"Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2021–2022"
739:"Common Diseases of the Grapevine in Michigan"
820:
8:
1273:Effects of climate change on wine production
412:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
384:"Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot on Grapevines"
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619:, Co-Editor-in-Chief); Athey, Kacie; (
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877:International Grape Genome Program
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857:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
743:MSUE Fruit IPM Extension Bulletin
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1344:
706:10.1128/AEM.66.10.4475-4480.2000
539:10.1080/00275514.1999.12061110
1:
1304:Glossary of viticulture terms
936:Diurnal temperature variation
1314:Glossary of winemaking terms
737:Ramsdell DC (October 1994).
563:Krol, Ewa (1 January 2005).
475:Australasian Plant Pathology
122:Phomopsis cane and leaf spot
52:Phomopsis cane and leaf spot
35:Phomopsis cane and leaf spot
789:Winter, Mick, (July 2000).
771:10.1094/PHP-2001-0219-01-DG
154:(Sacc.) Bubák (teleomorph:
1395:
1083:Integrated pest management
441:10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.7.832
318:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.517
271:List of pistachio diseases
186:dispersal. The conidia of
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1278:Environmental stewardship
39:
1369:Grapevine trunk diseases
1206:Great French Wine Blight
784:Bulletin 32: pp. 367–392
745:. E-1732. Archived from
686:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
266:List of apricot diseases
1288:Sustainable agriculture
1069:Frost damage prevention
951:Regional climate levels
629:University of Wisconsin
1309:Glossary of wine terms
625:University of Kentucky
621:University of Illinois
605:University of Illinois
584:Cite journal requires
388:agriculture.vic.gov.au
791:Wine Business Monthly
762:Plant Health Progress
633:Ohio State University
617:Iowa State University
609:University of Kansas
244:species, as well as
201:is recommended from
27:Fungal plant disease
1263:Adaptive management
749:on 1 December 2006.
698:2000ApEnM..66.4475L
394:on 11 December 2017
1181:Botrytis bunch rot
1001:Grapevine planting
931:Climate categories
782:Bulletin OEPP/EPPO
665:has generic name (
567:Phomopsis viticola
487:10.1071/APP9950044
238:trees, most other
188:Phomopsis viticola
171:Phomopsis viticola
156:Diaporthe Nitschke
139:Phomopsis viticola
129:Hosts and symptoms
18:Phomopsis viticola
1356:
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1201:Grapevine yellows
613:Purdue University
232:Eutypa armeniacae
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49:Common names
16:(Redirected from
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1232:Uncinula necator
1221:Pierce's disease
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642:. Archived from
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1098:Millerandage
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872:Hybrid grape
852:Ampelography
845:horticulture
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747:the original
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396:. Retrieved
392:the original
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112:Distribution
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1006:Propagation
843:Biology and
836:Viticulture
398:10 December
358:10 December
227:Eutypa lata
205:through to
177:Environment
165:to produce
1363:Categories
1334:Winemaking
1256:and issues
1254:Approaches
1216:Phylloxera
1186:Bot canker
1088:Irrigation
1064:Fertilizer
1037:management
966:Topography
956:Soil types
347:Elsevier.
277:References
230:(synonym:
167:ascospores
163:ascogonium
96:pistachios
1379:Phomopsis
1245:Vine moth
1211:Nematodes
1176:Black rot
1160:Pests and
1136:Noble rot
1131:Festivals
976:elevation
924:variation
894:Rootstock
527:Mycologia
495:0156-0972
449:0191-2917
326:0191-2917
207:bud swell
194:Treatment
152:Phomopsis
103:EPPO Code
62:Phomopsis
1350:Category
1319:Oenology
1297:See also
1191:Dead arm
1163:diseases
1141:Ripeness
1093:Klopotec
1035:Vineyard
994:planting
992:Vineyard
941:Drainage
899:Vineyard
887:Veraison
882:Ripening
780:, 2002,
764:Online
724:11010901
655:cite web
503:40444413
457:30812895
408:cite web
334:30823128
260:See also
222:dead arm
199:Sulforix
184:conidial
64:viticola
1151:Weather
1146:Vintage
1118:Harvest
1103:Pruning
1054:Coulure
961:Terroir
694:Bibcode
547:3761631
254:walnuts
92:walnuts
1044:Canopy
971:aspect
867:Grapes
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246:apples
241:Prunus
236:cherry
107:PHOPVI
84:apples
79:Prunus
1171:Birds
1026:Yield
981:slope
905:Vitis
715:92327
647:(PDF)
640:(PDF)
543:JSTOR
499:S2CID
250:pears
88:pears
70:Hosts
1329:Wine
1126:Brix
1049:Clos
720:PMID
667:help
590:help
491:ISSN
453:PMID
445:ISSN
414:link
400:2017
360:2017
330:PMID
322:ISSN
252:and
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767:doi
710:PMC
702:doi
535:doi
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