807:
species in fishing gear, is not only the largest threat to the survival of the vaquita, but to all marine mammals around the world. A series of simulations in a 2022 study indicate that the species has a chance to survive and recover if all bycatch is halted, despite the presence of other threats. However, the biggest threat still towards vaquita are fisheries. Northern fishing fleets have had an indirect positive impact mainly on marine mammals, because fishing on predators like sharks reduces its predatory negative impact on those groups. Although the predation of sharks towards vaquita do result in a decline in population and is seen as an alternate threat, northern fishing fleets also negatively impact this small marine mammal because the negative influence of incidental catch is greater than the positive influence of predation reduction by shark fisheries.
714:
estimated at less than 19 individuals. Given the continued rate of bycatch and low reproductive output from a small population, it is estimated that there are fewer than 10 vaquitas alive as of
February 2022. In 2023, it is still estimated that there are as few as 10 in the wild. A 2024 survey observed a minimum of 6 to 8 individuals (with a maximum of 9 to 11), the lowest ever count, but this number may just be a result of the small survey area instead of an actual population decline, as vaquitas freely move in and out of the survey region.
815:, specifically on the end where small population size leads to low species fitness because of a lack of genetic diversity and the potential for inbreeding. Because of their small population size, vaquitas are experiencing a negative Allee effect, attributing to even smaller population growth rates, driving them further into extinction. However, a 2022 study on the genetic diversity of the vaquita suggests that the marine mammal’s historically small population ensures it is unlikely to greatly suffer from inbreeding depression.
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255:
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686:
620:
222:
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36:
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commercial fishing such as accidental by-catch, illegal fishing, and entanglement have been linked to the cause of their decline. Shrimp fishing and gillnets create entanglement issues for the vaquita. Aspects of illegal fishing include open access fisheries and absent fisheries management have correlated towards poaching of the main prey source of the vaquita. The swim bladders of the
918:, and uncontrolled bycatch of vaquitas, the International Committee for the Recovery of the Vaquita (CIRVA) recommended that some vaquitas be removed from the high-density fishing area and be relocated to protected sea pens. This effort, called VaquitaCPR, captured two vaquitas in 2017; one was later released and the other died shortly after capture after both suffered from shock.
840:, which is only one level above being completely extinct in the wild. It is considered the most endangered marine mammal in the world. The vaquita has been listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 1996. The vaquita is at risk of extinction due to its small population size. It was approximated at one point that there were 150 individuals.
231:
790:
deployment had an immediate effect on the number of fishing boats in the area. Citing reports of echolocation outside of the ZTA, the navy expanded the area in which these blocks were placed starting in
November 2023 with plans to continue placing new blocks until the end of June 2024. There are some concerns that the hooks will create
697:
vaquitas can reproduce annually. It is thought that vaquitas have a polygynous mating system in which males compete for females. This competition is evidenced by the presence of sexual dimorphism (females are larger than males), small group sizes, and large testes (accounting for nearly 3% of body mass).
893:
Protection efforts throughout Mexico have taken place in order to preserve the population. In 2017, the
Government of Mexico established it as a felony to remove an endangered species. Alongside this, the Government of Mexico also made a public agreement to prohibit gillnet use. Efforts are proactive
722:
Vaquitas reach sexual maturity from three to six years old. Vaquitas have synchronous reproduction, suggesting that calving span is greater than a year. Their pregnancies last from 10 to 11 months, and vaquita calves are nursed by their mothers for 6-8 months until becoming independent. Vaquitas give
789:
In 2022 the navy began to place concrete blocks with rebar hooks into what is considered the primary area for vaquita, which was designated as a zero tolerance area (ZTA) for fishing in 2020. These are known to destroy gillnets (which can cost tens of thousands of dollars) in shallower waters. Their
818:
Attempts to start a population in captivity have proved to be more threatening to the population than helpful. A November 2017 effort ended up traumatizing and killing one female vaquita, as well as invoking unnecessary stress onto a juvenile. Still, creating a captive population could be used as a
881:
The vaquita is found only in the upper Gulf of
California, Mexico area. The vaquita is at risk of extinction due to its small population size. It was approximated at one point that there were 150 individuals left with a 10% annual decline within their population. Anthropogenic effects of a rise in
632:
is apparent in body size, with mature females being longer than males and having larger heads and wider flippers. Females reach a maximum size of about 150 cm (4.9 ft), while males reach about 140 cm (4.6 ft). Dorsal fin height is greater in males than in females. They are also
872:
For a small population such as the vaquita to recover after a severe decline in population size is very difficult. This conservation status is strongly influenced in part of the species reproductive biology. The large amount of unknown surrounding the key reproductive parameters of the vaquita
759:
Anthropogenic effects of a rise in commercial fishing such as accidental bycatch, illegal fishing, and entanglement have been linked to the cause of their decline. Shrimp fishing and gillnets create entanglement issues for the vaquita. Aspects of illegal fishing include open access fisheries and
713:
that were collected by skeletal remains, photographs, and sightings in 1983. The first comprehensive vaquita survey throughout their range took place in 1997 and estimated a population of 567 individuals. By 2007 abundance was estimated to have dropped to 150. Population abundance as of 2018 was
806:
from runoff. Pesticides present in the water as a result of runoff from agriculture are a threat as they can be ingested by the vaquitas, causing harm and even death. Exposure to toxic compounds has also had a deleterious effect on vaquitas. Bycatch, which is the incidental catch of non-target
627:
The smallest living species of cetacean, the vaquita can be easily distinguished from any other species in its range. It has a small body with an unusually tall triangular dorsal fin, a rounded head, and no distinguished beak. The coloration is mostly grey with a darker back and a white ventral
932:
To date, efforts have been unsuccessful in solving the complex socioeconomic and environmental issues that affect vaquita conservation and the greater Gulf of
California ecosystem. Necessary action includes habitat protection, resource management, education, fisheries enforcement, alternative
810:
Populations that experience a sudden decline in numbers are often more vulnerable to other threats in the future due to a bottleneck of genetic diversity within the reduced population. The reduced gene pool lowers the rate of adaptation and increases the rate of inbreeding. This phenomenon is
696:
Little is known about the life history of this species. Life expectancy is estimated at about 20 years and age of sexual maturity is somewhere between 3 and 6 years of age. While an initial analysis of stranded vaquitas estimated a two-year calving interval, recent sightings data suggest that
902:
continued to fish in the exclusion zone. Poaching continues as the swim bladders of totoaba can sell for anywhere from $ 20,000 to upwards of $ 80,000, and they are often referred to as the "cocaine of the sea." A black market for totoaba swim bladders has developed fairly recently in China
928:
In response to the dire circumstances facing the vaquita as by-catch of the illegal totoaba trade, in 2017 Earth League
International (ELI) commenced an investigation and intelligence gathering operation called Operation Fake Gold, during which the entire illicit totoaba maw (swim bladder)
925:, are working with the Mexican Navy to detect fishing in the Refuge Area and remove illegal gillnets. In March 2020, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) announced a ban on imported Mexican shrimp and other seafood caught in vaquita habitat in the northern Gulf of California.
897:
Mexico launched a program in 2008 called PACE-VAQUITA in an effort to enforce the gillnet ban in the
Biosphere Reserve, allow fishermen to swap their gillnets for vaquita-safe fishing gear, and provide economic support to fishermen for surrendering fishing permits and pursuing alternative
3123:
Sanjurjo-Rivera, Enrique; Mesnick, Sarah L.; Ávila-Forcada, Sara; Poindexter, Oriana; Lent, Rebecca; Felbab-Brown, Vanda; Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M.; Squires, Dale; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Munro, Gordon; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Rafael; Rodriguez, Ramses; Sainz, Jade F. (2021).
2229:
Díaz-Uribe, J. Gabriel; Arreguín-Sánchez, Francisco; Lercari-Bernier, Diego; Cruz-Escalona, Víctor H.; et al. (April 2012). "An integrated ecosystem trophic model for the North and
Central Gulf of California: An alternative view for endemic species conservation".
782:
remains prevalent in vaquita habitat, and as a result the population has continued to decline. Fewer than 19 vaquitas remained in the wild in 2018. Large-mesh gillnets used in illegal fishing for totoaba caused an increase in the rate of loss of vaquitas after 2011.
2892:
Robinson, Jacqueline A.; Kyriazis, Christopher C.; Nigenda-Morales, Sergio F.; Beichman, Annabel C.; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; Robertson, Kelly M.; Fontaine, Michael C.; Wayne, Robert K.; Lohmueller, Kirk E.; Taylor, Barbara L.; Morin, Phillip A. (6 May 2022).
1934:
Aragón-Noriega, E. A.; Rodríguez-Quiroz, G.; Cisneros-Mata, M.A.; Ortega-Rubio, A. (13 October 2010). "Managing a protected marine area for the conservation of critically endangered vaquita (Phocoena sinus Norris, 1958) in the Upper Gulf of
California".
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572:
and
William N. McFarland, in 1958 after studying the morphology of skull specimens found on the beach. It was not until nearly thirty years later, in 1985, that fresh specimens allowed scientists to describe their external appearance fully.
929:
international supply chain, from Mexico to China, has been mapped and researched. Thanks to the confidential data that ELI shared with the Mexican authorities, in November 2020, a series of important arrests were made in Mexico.
950:
Beginning in July 2022, the Mexican government placed 193 concrete blocks in the Gulf of California no-tolerance zone, intended to allow the detection of nets by acoustic sonar and prevent further entrapment of vaquitas.
889:
The Mexican government, international committees, scientists, and conservation groups have recommended and implemented plans to help reduce the rate of bycatch, enforce gillnet bans, and promote population recovery.
2521:
Lam, Su Shiung; Chew, Kit Wayne; Show, Pau Loke; Ma, Nyuk Ling; et al. (November 2020). "Environmental management of two of the world's most endangered marine and terrestrial predators: Vaquita and cheetah".
723:
birth about every other year to a single calf, usually between the months of February and April. Because of their low reproduction rates, long gestation periods and larger species size, vaquitas are considered a
940:
738:-selected species. Vaquitas are on the brink of extinction because their numbers are few and they cannot replenish their population fast enough to exceed the number of vaquitas dying off.
596:), two species limited to the Southern Hemisphere. Their ancestors are thought to have moved north across the equator more than 2.5 million years ago during a period of cooling in the
2021:
Brownell, Robert L.; Findley, Lloyd T.; Vidal, Omar; Robles, Alejandro; et al. (1987). "External Morphology and Pigmentation of the Vaquita, Phocoena Sinus (cetacea: Mammalia)".
5781:
778:, and other available fish species. Despite government regulations, including a partial gillnet ban in 2015 and establishment of a permanent gillnet exclusion zone in 2017,
3243:
Torre, Jorge; Vidal, Omar; Brownell, Robert L. (October 2014). "Sexual dimorphism and developmental patterns in the external morphology of the vaquita, Phocoena sinus".
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of 1972, which forbids foreign fishers from exporting seafood with high levels of marine mammal bycatch, may allow for better efforts to preserve endangered vaquitas.
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5584:
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zones near the coast in which pesticides harmful to vaquitas are restricted or even unavailable in order to enhance the protection value of the vaquita's range.
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Because the vaquita was only fully described in the late 1980s, historical abundance is unknown. Since 1983, all confirmed specimens, records, and sightings of
2681:
Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini; Ainsworth, Cameron H.; Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.; Fulton, Elizabeth A. (15 August 2012). Stergiou, Konstantinos I. (ed.).
903:(including Hong Kong). In 2017, poachers received up to US$ 20,000 for a kilogram of totoaba swim bladders, with some making as much as $ 116,000 in one day.
954:
Creating protected areas is always an option for conservationists, but because the vaquita's range is so small, there would be no use in trying to establish
779:
3490:
5558:
2576:
3421:
Fitch, John E.; Brownell, Robert L. Jr. (13 April 2011). "Fish Otoliths in Cetacean Stomachs and Their Importance in Interpreting Feeding Habits".
1880:
5597:
2823:
2484:
Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M.; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; Gerrodette, Tim (1999). "A New Abundance Estimate for Vaquitas: First Step for Recovery".
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known to weigh around 27 kg (60 lb) to 68 kg (150 lb). This makes them one of the smallest species in the porpoise family.
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3358:
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rate, is consumed in the United States. As such, U.S. consumers of this shrimp are likely contributing to the vaquita extinction crisis. The
645:), making this the smallest range of any cetacean species. They live in shallow, turbid waters of less than 150 m (490 ft) depth.
936:
Jaramillo-Legorreta, et al. stated in 2007 that captive breeding programs were not a viable option for saving the species from extinction.
2157:
Courchamp, Franck; Angulo, Elena; Rivalan, Philippe; Hall, Richard J.; Signoret, Laetitia; Bull, Leigh; Meinard, Yves (28 November 2006).
2083:
2832:
2782:
Norris, Kenneth S.; McFarland, William N. (20 February 1958). "A New Harbor Porpoise of the Genus Phocoena from the Gulf of California".
1915:
1570:
5796:
5786:
3126:"An Economic Perspective on Policies to Save the Vaquita: Conservation Actions, Wildlife Trafficking, and the Structure of Incentives"
2127:...analysis indicated that only about 10 vaquitas remained alive in 2018 (with a 95% chance of the true value being between 6 and 22).
5662:
3568:
3524:
3462:
2683:"Exploring Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Conservation of the Vaquita Porpoise (Phocoena sinus) Using an Atlantis Ecosystem Model"
2219:
2061:
1707:
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119:
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Vaquitas are generally seen alone or in pairs, often with a calf, but have been observed in small groups of up to 10 individuals.
5753:
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4608:
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In May 2023, a wildlife survey expedition discovered that the population had stabilized since it had last been recorded in 2021.
2428:
4590:
3033:
Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; Reeves, Randall R.; Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando (2006). "Conservation of the vaquita Phocoena sinus".
2962:"A field effort to capture critically endangered vaquitas Phocoena sinus for protection from entanglement in illegal gillnets"
2376:
Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M.; Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo; Nieto-Garcia, Edwyna; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; et al. (2019).
786:
In 2021, the Mexican government eliminated a "no tolerance" zone in the Upper Gulf of California and opened it up to fishing.
5641:
858:
851:
57:
5602:
5314:
2427:
Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; Brownell, Robert L.; Read, Andrew J.; et al. (15 November 2007).
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in the past, which may explain why the few remaining individuals are still healthy despite the very low population size.
525:. Reaching a maximum body length of 150 cm (4.9 ft) (females) or 140 cm (4.6 ft) (males), it is the
5260:
4277:
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4200:
978:
915:
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5509:
5287:
4498:
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4227:
100:
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72:
5392:
5383:
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3718:
5654:
3516:
3482:, a full-length 2019 documentary produced by Leonardo DiCaprio on the effort to rescue the vaquita from extinction
3476:, a 30-minute documentary about the local community where the vaquita is found and why its population has declined
46:
5278:
5233:
5201:
5192:
5177:
5168:
5018:
4617:
4474:
3727:
2134:
1395:
296:
3470:– web site for the Wild Lens Collective of film makers' outreach campaign about the vaquita's extinction crisis
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79:
53:
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Hohn, A. A.; Read, A. J.; Fernandez, S.; Vidal, O.; Findley, L. T. (June 1996). "Life history of the vaquita,
2324:
1972:
585:
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Morin, Phillip A.; Archer, Frederick I.; Avila, Catherine D.; Balacco, Jennifer R.; et al. (May 2021) .
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Roughly 80% of shrimp caught in the northern end of the Gulf of California, which has a high aquatic mammal
601:
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from an individual captured in 2017 indicates that the ancestral vaquitas had already gone through a major
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865:), and Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (
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in incentive applications to fisheries in a system of trade-offs that benefit fishermen and the vaquita.
86:
5791:
5714:
4558:
4549:
3781:
3561:
2269:"Saving the vaquita one bite at a time: The missing role of the shrimp consumer in vaquita conservation"
2023:
943:(SEMARNAT) announced on February 27, 2021, that it may reduce the protected area for the vaquita in the
833:
605:
541:
401:
2873:
2109:"Report of the Eleventh meeting of the Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita (CIRVA)"
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2268:
1992:
Brownell, Robert L. (October 1986). "Distribution of the Vaquita, Phocoena Sinus, in Mexican Waters".
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The drastic decline in vaquita abundance is the result of fisheries bycatch in commercial and illegal
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absent fisheries management has correlated towards poaching of the main prey source of the vaquita.
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Making the Chinese Mexican: Global Migration, Localism, and Exclusion in the U.S-Mexico Borderlands
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Vaquita habitat is restricted to a small portion of the upper Gulf of California (also called the
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Vance, E. (August 2017). "Goodbye, Vaquita: How Corruption and Poverty Doom Endangered Species".
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Taylor, Barbara L.; Wells, Randall S.; Olson, Paula A.; Brownell, Robert L.; et al. (2019).
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as there are only ten of the porpoises left and it may never recuperate its historical range.
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734:-selected species are more vulnerable to extinction as they cannot repopulate at the rate of
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2630:"Reference genome and demographic history of the most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita"
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2895:"The critically endangered vaquita is not doomed to extinction by inbreeding depression"
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livelihoods for fishermen, and raising awareness of the vaquita and associated issues.
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fishing, which is largely motivated by sales to the Chinese market where it is used in
794:, and the navy and Sea Shepherd have removed nets trapped on hooks after being caught.
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3161:"Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Modul Pada Materi Animalia Kelas X Sman 1 Pontianak"
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Rojas-Bracho, L; Gulland, FMD; Smith, CR; Taylor, B; et al. (11 January 2019).
2577:"Mexico takes aim against marine animals' trafficking but criminal networks persist"
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Given their proximity to the coast, vaquitas are exposed to habitat alteration and
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2824:"Update: After death of captured vaquita, conservationists call off rescue effort"
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3455:– a non-profit organization dedicated to preventing the extinction of the vaquita
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2084:"Secuenciar el genoma de la vaquita marina es la esperanza para su conservación"
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are being sold on the black market by cartel for profit. With continued illegal
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1881:"Expedition finds resilient population of world's endangered vaquita porpoise"
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comprises four species of porpoise, most of which inhabit coastal waters (the
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3332:"Vaquita: The Business of Extinction (article and 25-min. documentary video)"
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Local and international conservation groups, including Museo de Ballena and
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2997:"Vaquitas and gillnets: Mexico's ultimate cetacean conservation challenge"
2378:"Decline towards extinction of Mexico's vaquita porpoise (Phocoena sinus)"
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1396:"The Most Endangered Marine Mammal Still Exists. Here's the Latest Count"
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livelihoods. Despite the progress made with legal fishermen, hundreds of
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2062:"The tiny vaquita porpoise now numbers less than 10. Can they be saved?"
1916:"'Mismanaged to death': Mexico opens up sole vaquita habitat to fishing"
1571:"Fishers decry 'underhanded' new initiative to protect Mexico's vaquita"
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2744:"U.S. Government Expands Mexican Seafood Ban to Save Vaquita Porpoise"
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last resort to save the species and to further education on vaquitas.
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2159:"Rarity Value and Species Extinction: The Anthropogenic Allee Effect"
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2795:
1937:
International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology
755:
A vaquita swims in the foreground with fishing boats in the distance
3535:
3500:
3302:"The last eight vaquitas in the Gulf of California are to be saved"
3196:"Likely annual calving in the vaquita, Phocoena sinus: A new hope?"
3159:
Setiawati, Ety; Rahayu, Hanum Mukti; Setiadi, Anandita Eka (2017).
5740:
4990:
4981:
4880:
1051:
1049:
866:
750:
684:
666:
618:
281:
275:
5550:
3448:
To learn more about the vaquita and conservation efforts, visit:
3177:
3160:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1731:
1708:"UNESCO declares vaquita marina habitat World Heritage in danger"
5693:
4926:
4334:
3083:
Rojas-Bracho, L.; Taylor, B.L.; Jaramillo-Legorreta, A. (2022).
3063:
1818:
5447:
3958:
3640:
3550:
2338:– via fossilworks – Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.
3452:
1806:
1782:
473:
29:
958:. One option for conservationists could be trying to create
873:
makes understanding its potential for recovery even harder.
1973:"Mexico may reduce protection area for endangered porpoise"
628:
field. Prominent black patches surround its lips and eyes.
479:
464:
3467:
3350:
Vaquita: Science, Politics, and Crime in the Sea of Cortez
3331:
1669:
1171:
1144:
1108:
1079:
886:
are being sold on the black market by cartels for profit.
2995:
Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; Reeves, Randall R. (3 July 2013).
584:
is more oceanic). The vaquita is most closely related to
3510:, a Baja California Sur-based vaquita conservation group
3062:
Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo; Taylor, Barbara (1 August 2021).
1618:
1225:
568:
The vaquita was defined as a species by two zoologists,
1544:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1262:
Jaramillo-Legorreta, Rojas-Bracho & Gerrodette 1999
850:
where the last vaquita are located was classified as a
1439:
1427:
1213:
1198:
2429:"Saving the Vaquita: Immediate Action, Not More Data"
548:; the steep decline in abundance is primarily due to
488:
470:
1854:
476:
461:
5456:
5405:
5381:
5214:
5190:
5149:
5107:
5090:
5062:
5053:
5016:
5007:
4979:
4970:
4924:
4915:
4878:
4869:
4841:
4832:
4804:
4753:
4712:
4695:
4667:
4643:
4634:
4571:
4547:
4487:
4428:
4395:
4371:
4347:
4323:
4290:
4249:
4180:
4156:
4132:
4091:
4067:
4043:
3992:
3975:
3918:
3909:
3881:
3857:
3761:
3744:
3690:
3666:
3657:
1533:
Rojas-Bracho, Reeves & Jaramillo-Legorreta 2006
1238:
Rojas-Bracho, Reeves & Jaramillo-Legorreta 2006
1182:
1180:
1092:
Rojas-Bracho, Reeves & Jaramillo-Legorreta 2006
1036:
1034:
1026:
Rojas-Bracho, Taylor & Jaramillo-Legorreta 2022
467:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1758:
1159:
1055:
3399:Einhorn, Catrin; Ramos, Fred (23 November 2021).
2839:. Which species are most vulnerable to extinction
2742:Natural Resource Defense Council (4 March 2020).
941:Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources
3108:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T17028A214541137.en
1341:
1067:
3401:"Here's the Next Animal That Could Go Extinct"
3562:
1866:
1606:
8:
2082:Casanueva, Agustín B. Ávila (11 July 2020).
5782:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1379:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5444:
5104:
5059:
5013:
4976:
4921:
4875:
4838:
4709:
4640:
3989:
3972:
3955:
3915:
3758:
3663:
3654:
3637:
3569:
3555:
3547:
1914:Alberts, Elizabeth Claire (16 July 2021).
1794:
592:) and less so to the spectacled porpoise (
441:
253:
229:
220:
133:
3176:
3141:
3106:
3015:
2977:
2934:
2724:
2706:
2663:
2645:
2409:
2192:
2174:
1594:
1451:
1356:"Vaquita Survey 2024 - Executive Summary"
1120:
861:, the Mexican Official Standard NOM-059 (
709:were evaluated. There were 45 records of
536:The species is currently on the brink of
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3423:Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada
1979:. The Associated Press. 27 February 2021
1249:
857:The vaquita is also protected under the
767:, including fisheries targeting the now-
1830:
1770:
1681:
1556:
1132:
996:
989:
611:"Vaquita" is Spanish for "little cow".
5802:Marine fauna of the Gulf of California
3070:. IUCN – SSC Cetacean Specialist Group
2878:Encyclopedia Britannica - Saving Earth
2614:Encyclopedia Britannica - Saving Earth
1372:
5812:Critically endangered biota of Mexico
2060:Canon, Gabrielle (12 February 2022).
1897:
1819:Natural Resource Defense Council 2020
1630:
1501:
1329:
1317:
1040:
7:
2090:(in Mexican Spanish). Archived from
1463:
1428:Setiawati, Rahayu & Setiadi 2017
1186:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3527:'s operation to protect the vaquita
3347:Bessesen, Brooke (September 2018).
3294:"Vaquita | Species | WWF"
3094:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2575:Linares, Albinson (21 April 2023).
2608:McNamee, Gregory (11 April 2011).
2506:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00872.x
2361:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05450.x
2045:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1987.tb00149.x
2014:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00137.x
238:Size compared to an average human
25:
4591:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (
3525:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
3384:10.1038/scientificamerican0817-36
2597:"The Economics of Marine Mammals"
2595:Marine Mammal Commission (2023).
2267:Dunch, Victoria (1 August 2019).
1967:– via Taylor & Francis.
1706:Schatzberg, Simon (4 July 2019).
1360:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
923:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
3047:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2006.00088.x
2768:NOAA Fisheries Species Directory
2453:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00825.x
1394:Einhorn, Catrin (11 June 2024).
1160:Torre, Vidal & Brownell 2014
811:attributed to the anthropogenic
457:
295:
34:
4732:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (
4609:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (
4457:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (
4448:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (
3330:Alcántara, A. (December 2017).
2293:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.043
2252:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.01.009
1879:Bernal, Rafael (10 June 2023).
1843:Jaramillo-Legorreta et al. 2007
1694:Jaramillo-Legorreta et al. 2007
1306:Jaramillo-Legorreta et al. 2019
1294:Jaramillo-Legorreta et al. 2019
1279:Jaramillo-Legorreta et al. 2007
45:needs additional citations for
4278:Southern right whale dolphin (
4269:Northern right whale dolphin (
4201:Atlantic white-sided dolphin (
1759:Rojas-Bracho & Taylor 2021
1569:Daniel Shailer (24 May 2024).
1056:Rojas-Bracho & Reeves 2013
859:Endangered Species Act of 1973
669:, though benthic fish such as
1:
5315:Deraniyagala's beaked whale (
5288:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (
4499:Pantropical spotted dolphin (
4466:Australian humpback dolphin (
4228:Pacific white-sided dolphin (
3531:Porpoise Conservation Society
2610:"Saying Adios to the Vaquita"
2214:. Stanford University Press.
1619:Marine Mammal Commission 2023
852:World Heritage Site in Danger
623:Characteristic dark eye rings
4311:Australian snubfin dolphin (
3719:North Atlantic right whale (
3536:Society for Marine Mammalogy
3474:"Souls of the Vermilion Sea"
2708:10.1371/journal.pone.0042917
2544:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109966
2210:Delgado, Grace Peña (2012).
2176:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040415
1957:10.1080/13504509.2010.500823
1296:, Discussion and conclusion.
979:Marine Mammal Protection Act
5261:Blainville's beaked whale (
5202:Tropical bottlenose whale (
5178:Southern bottlenose whale (
5169:Northern bottlenose whale (
4618:Common bottlenose dolphin (
4475:Atlantic humpback dolphin (
3728:North Pacific right whale (
3468:The Vaquita and the Totoaba
3130:Frontiers in Marine Science
3004:Endangered Species Research
2966:Endangered Species Research
2874:"The Plight of the Vaquita"
2852:Rafferty, John P. (2023a).
2634:Molecular Ecology Resources
1920:Mongabay Environmental News
1521:Sanjurjo-Rivera et al. 2021
1068:Norris & McFarland 1958
657:, foraging on a variety of
513:to the northern end of the
5828:
5360:Stejneger's beaked whale (
4741:Yangtze finless porpoise (
4526:Atlantic spotted dolphin (
4111:Short-finned pilot whale (
2382:Royal Society Open Science
2135:"Appendices I, II and III"
2133:CITES (23 February 2023).
1483:Aragón-Noriega et al. 2010
677:make up most of the diet.
430:IUCN range of the Vaquita
5797:Endemic mammals of Mexico
5787:Mammals described in 1958
5393:Shepherd's beaked whale (
4936:Araguaian river dolphin (
4120:Long-finned pilot whale (
3971:
3954:
3653:
3636:
3586:
3143:10.3389/fmars.2021.644022
2347:(Phocoenidae, Cetacea)".
2273:Marine Pollution Bulletin
1855:The Associated Press 2021
1744:Morzaria-Luna et al. 2012
1732:Morzaria-Luna et al. 2012
906:The swim bladders of the
832:The vaquita is listed as
440:
429:
425:
407:
400:
292:Scientific classification
290:
273:
251:
242:
237:
228:
219:
136:
5279:Gervais's beaked whale (
5234:Sowerby's beaked whale (
4945:Bolivian river dolphin (
2872:Rafferty, John (2023b).
2833:"Conservation - ecology"
2831:Pimm, Stuart L. (2023).
2762:NOAA (30 January 2023).
2601:Marine Mammal Commission
2439:(6): 071117012342001––.
1807:Rojas-Bracho et al. 2019
1783:Rojas-Bracho et al. 2019
1442:, pp. 240, 248–249.
1354:devon11 (11 June 2024).
637:Distribution and habitat
5417:Cuvier's beaked whale (
5342:Perrin's beaked whale (
5306:Hector's beaked whale (
5270:Ramari's beaked whale (
5243:Andrews' beaked whale (
5119:Arnoux's beaked whale (
4792:Burmeister's porpoise (
4559:Rough-toothed dolphin (
3983:(Oceanic dolphins)
3782:Antarctic minke whale (
3519:3 February 2017 at the
3497:– sounds of the vaquita
2919:10.1126/science.abm1742
2858:Encyclopedia Britannica
2837:Encyclopedia Britannica
2647:10.1111/1755-0998.13284
2107:CIRVA (February 2019).
780:illegal totoaba fishing
435: Extant (resident)
5128:Baird's beaked whale (
5028:Ganges river dolphin (
4954:Amazon river dolphin (
4335:Orca or killer whale (
4259:(Right whale dolphins)
4192:White-beaked dolphin (
3710:Southern right whale (
3506:12 August 2014 at the
3101:: e.T17028A214541137.
2524:Environmental Research
1658:Díaz-Uribe et al. 2012
863:Norma Oficial Mexicana
756:
690:
624:
5715:Paleobiology Database
5369:Spade-toothed whale (
5333:True's beaked whale (
5324:Strap-toothed whale (
5297:Gray's beaked whale (
5252:Hubbs' beaked whale (
5137:Sato's beaked whale (
5037:Indus river dolphin (
4765:Spectacled porpoise (
4581:(Bottlenose dolphins)
4022:Heaviside's dolphin (
4004:Commerson's dolphin (
3809:Pygmy Bryde's whale (
3514:Operation Milagro III
3292:World Wildlife Fund.
3245:Marine Mammal Science
3200:Marine Mammal Science
2486:Marine Mammal Science
2024:Marine Mammal Science
1994:Marine Mammal Science
1670:Courchamp et al. 2006
834:critically endangered
754:
688:
622:
606:population bottleneck
586:Burmeister's porpoise
542:Critically Endangered
420:& McFarland, 1958
260:Critically Endangered
5351:Pygmy beaked whale (
5224:(Mesoplodont whales)
4383:False killer whale (
4359:Melon-headed whale (
4079:Pygmy killer whale (
3773:Common minke whale (
2854:"K-selected species"
2784:Journal of Mammalogy
2433:Conservation Biology
2232:Ecological Modelling
1646:Robinson et al. 2022
1201:, pp. 244, 247.
1172:Brownell et al. 1987
1145:Brownell et al. 1987
1109:Brownell et al. 1987
1080:Brownell et al. 1987
916:traditional medicine
877:Conservation efforts
590:Phocoena spinipinnis
54:improve this article
5159:(Bottlenose whales)
4899:Dwarf sperm whale (
4890:Pygmy sperm whale (
4722:(Finless porpoises)
4438:(Humpback dolphins)
4302:Irrawaddy dolphin (
4219:Hourglass dolphin (
3930:Pygmy right whale (
3541:Operation Fake Gold
3493:9 July 2014 at the
3371:Scientific American
3272:VaquitaCPR (2019).
3257:2014MMamS..30.1285T
3212:2019MMamS..35.1603T
3165:Jurnal Bioeducation
2911:2022Sci...376..635R
2699:2012PLoSO...742917M
2536:2020ER....19009966L
2498:1999MMamS..15..957J
2445:2007ConBi..21.1653J
2402:10.1098/rsos.190598
2394:2019RSOS....690598J
2285:2019MarPB.145..583D
2244:2012EcMod.230...73D
2037:1987MMamS...3...22B
2006:1986MMamS...2..299B
1949:2010IJSDW..17..410A
1342:World Wildlife Fund
848:World Heritage Site
828:Conservation status
582:spectacled porpoise
540:, and is listed as
245:Conservation status
27:Species of porpoise
5074:La Plata dolphin (
4774:Harbour porpoise (
4743:N. asiaeorientalis
4600:Burrunan dolphin (
4168:Fraser's dolphin (
4031:Hector's dolphin (
3459:Vaquita fact sheet
3406:The New York Times
2820:Pennisi, Elizabeth
2349:Journal of Zoology
1867:Yucatan Times 2022
1773:, pp. 73–103.
1400:The New York Times
1226:Taylor et al. 2019
908:Totoaba macdonaldi
884:Totoaba macdonaldi
757:
691:
689:A pair of vaquitas
625:
594:Phocoena dioptrica
515:Gulf of California
5769:
5768:
5702:Open Tree of Life
5450:Taxon identifiers
5441:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5227:
5162:
5101:
5086:
5085:
5049:
5048:
5003:
5002:
4966:
4965:
4911:
4910:
4865:
4864:
4828:
4827:
4816:Dall's porpoise (
4725:
4706:
4691:
4690:
4630:
4629:
4584:
4535:Spinner dolphin (
4517:Striped dolphin (
4508:Clymene dolphin (
4441:
4262:
4210:Peale's dolphin (
4144:Risso's dolphin (
4104:
4013:Chilean dolphin (
3986:
3965:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3905:
3904:
3755:
3740:
3739:
3703:
3647:
3501:VaquitaMarina.org
3488:Voices in the Sea
3429:(12): 2561–2574.
3360:978-1-61091-932-6
3306:The Yucatan Times
3265:10.1111/mms.12106
3220:10.1111/mms.12595
3167:(in Indonesian).
2905:(6593): 635–639.
2822:(November 2017).
2094:on 15 August 2020
1712:Mexico News Daily
1660:, pp. 80–81.
1545:Morin et al. 2021
1174:, pp. 23–24.
1147:, pp. 27–29.
956:habitat corridors
747:Fisheries bycatch
701:Population status
630:Sexual dimorphism
602:Genome sequencing
570:Kenneth S. Norris
556:from the illegal
449:
448:
285:
268:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5819:
5762:
5761:
5749:
5748:
5736:
5735:
5723:
5722:
5710:
5709:
5697:
5696:
5684:
5683:
5671:
5670:
5658:
5657:
5645:
5644:
5632:
5631:
5619:
5618:
5606:
5605:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5567:
5566:
5554:
5553:
5541:
5540:
5531:
5530:
5518:
5517:
5505:
5504:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5445:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5105:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5060:
5014:
4977:
4938:I. araguaiaensis
4922:
4876:
4855:P. macrocephalus
4839:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4641:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4416:Guiana dolphin (
4261:
4260:
4256:
4113:G. macrorhynchus
4103:
4102:
4098:
4055:Common dolphin (
3990:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3964:(Toothed whales)
3963:
3956:
3916:
3893:Humpback whale (
3775:B. acutorostrata
3759:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3664:
3655:
3645:
3638:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3548:
3480:"Sea of Shadows"
3438:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3395:
3364:
3353:. Island Press.
3343:
3341:
3339:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3308:. 9 October 2022
3297:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3274:"Rescue Efforts"
3268:
3251:(4): 1285–1296.
3239:
3206:(4): 1603–1612.
3190:
3180:
3155:
3145:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3058:
3029:
3019:
3017:10.3354/esr00501
3001:
2991:
2981:
2979:10.3354/esr00931
2956:
2938:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2827:
2815:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2738:
2728:
2710:
2677:
2667:
2649:
2640:(4): 1008–1020.
2624:
2622:
2620:
2604:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2571:
2517:
2480:
2423:
2413:
2372:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2320:
2263:
2225:
2206:
2196:
2178:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2056:
2017:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1968:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1505:
1499:
1486:
1480:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1440:Hohn et al. 1996
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1214:Hohn et al. 1996
1211:
1202:
1199:Hohn et al. 1996
1196:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1070:, p. 24–26.
1065:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1000:
994:
492:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
445:
434:
413:
300:
299:
279:
262:
257:
256:
233:
224:
214:
144:
140:Temporal range:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5752:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5726:
5718:
5713:
5705:
5700:
5692:
5687:
5679:
5676:Observation.org
5674:
5666:
5661:
5653:
5648:
5640:
5635:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5544:
5536:
5534:
5526:
5521:
5513:
5508:
5500:
5495:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5452:
5442:
5425:
5401:
5377:
5263:M. densirostris
5223:
5222:
5220:
5210:
5186:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5145:
5098:(Beaked whales)
5097:
5096:
5094:
5082:
5045:
4999:
4962:
4907:
4861:
4824:
4800:
4749:
4734:N. phocaenoides
4721:
4720:
4718:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4687:
4663:
4626:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4567:
4543:
4537:S. longirostris
4519:S. coeruleoalba
4483:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4424:
4391:
4367:
4343:
4319:
4304:O. brevirostris
4286:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4245:
4237:Dusky dolphin (
4176:
4152:
4128:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4087:
4063:
4039:
3995:Cephalorhynchus
3982:
3981:
3979:
3967:
3938:
3901:
3895:M. novaeangliae
3877:
3853:
3827:Omura's whale (
3800:Bryde's whale (
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:Balaenopteridae
3736:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3686:
3678:Bowhead whale (
3649:
3646:(Baleen whales)
3632:
3582:
3575:
3521:Wayback Machine
3508:Wayback Machine
3495:Wayback Machine
3446:
3441:
3435:10.1139/f68-227
3420:
3411:
3409:
3398:
3367:
3361:
3346:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3323:Further reading
3320:
3311:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3280:
3271:
3242:
3193:
3158:
3122:
3113:
3111:
3082:
3073:
3071:
3061:
3032:
2999:
2994:
2959:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2830:
2818:
2796:10.2307/1376606
2781:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2680:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2520:
2483:
2426:
2375:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2323:
2266:
2228:
2222:
2209:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2081:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2020:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:, p. 1654.
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1795:VaquitaCPR 2019
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:, Introduction.
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1607:Lam et al. 2020
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1547:, p. 1010.
1543:
1539:
1535:, Life history.
1531:
1527:
1519:
1508:
1500:
1489:
1481:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1285:
1281:, p. 1653.
1277:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1216:, pp. 249.
1212:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1162:, p. 1288.
1158:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1098:
1094:, Distribution.
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1003:
995:
991:
987:
971:
879:
830:
825:
800:
749:
744:
720:
703:
683:
681:Social behavior
651:
639:
617:
566:
519:Baja California
490:
460:
456:
436:
432:
421:
415:
409:
396:
294:
286:
269:
258:
254:
247:
215:
213:
212:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
142:
141:
138:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5825:
5823:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5750:
5737:
5724:
5711:
5698:
5685:
5672:
5659:
5646:
5633:
5620:
5607:
5594:
5581:
5568:
5555:
5542:
5532:
5519:
5506:
5502:Phocoena_sinus
5493:
5488:Phocoena sinus
5478:
5462:
5460:
5458:Phocoena sinus
5454:
5453:
5448:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:Z. cavirostris
5413:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5389:
5387:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5339:
5330:
5321:
5312:
5303:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5230:
5228:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5102:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:P. blainvillei
5070:
5068:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:I. geoffrensis
4951:
4947:I. boliviensis
4942:
4932:
4930:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4794:P. spinipinnis
4789:
4780:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4707:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4655:Beluga whale (
4651:
4649:
4646:Delphinapterus
4638:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:S. bredanensis
4555:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4532:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4413:
4409:S. fluviatilis
4403:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4234:
4230:L. obliquidens
4225:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4194:L. albirostris
4188:
4186:
4183:Lagenorhynchus
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4101:(Pilot whales)
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4006:C. commersonii
4000:
3998:
3987:
3969:
3968:
3959:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3924:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3845:Rice's whale (
3842:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3784:B. bonaerensis
3779:
3769:
3767:
3756:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3700:(Right whales)
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3616:Laurasiatheria
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3465:
3463:NOAA Fisheries
3456:
3453:¡Viva Vaquita!
3445:
3444:External links
3442:
3440:
3439:
3418:
3396:
3365:
3359:
3344:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3298:
3289:
3278:VaquitaCPR.org
3269:
3240:
3191:
3156:
3120:
3087:Phocoena sinus
3080:
3059:
3041:(3): 179–216.
3030:
2992:
2957:
2889:
2869:
2849:
2828:
2816:
2779:
2759:
2739:
2678:
2625:
2605:
2592:
2572:
2518:
2492:(4): 957–973.
2481:
2424:
2373:
2355:(2): 235–251.
2345:Phocoena sinus
2340:
2327:Phocoena sinus
2321:
2264:
2226:
2220:
2207:
2154:
2130:
2104:
2079:
2057:
2018:
2000:(4): 299–305.
1989:
1977:news.yahoo.com
1969:
1943:(5): 410–416.
1931:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1900:, p. 584.
1890:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1809:, pp. 17.
1799:
1787:
1785:, pp. 12.
1775:
1763:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1595:Rafferty 2023b
1587:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1506:
1504:, p. 583.
1487:
1468:
1456:
1452:Rafferty 2023a
1444:
1432:
1420:
1386:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1283:
1266:
1264:, p. 957.
1254:
1252:, p. 299.
1242:
1230:
1218:
1203:
1191:
1176:
1164:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1121:Casanueva 2020
1113:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1045:
1030:
1001:
988:
986:
983:
970:
967:
878:
875:
829:
826:
824:
821:
799:
796:
748:
745:
743:
740:
719:
716:
702:
699:
682:
679:
650:
647:
638:
635:
616:
613:
565:
562:
529:of all living
499:Phocoena sinus
447:
446:
438:
437:
431:
427:
426:
423:
422:
416:
411:Phocoena sinus
405:
404:
398:
397:
390:
388:
384:
383:
376:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:
316:
312:
311:
306:
302:
301:
288:
287:
274:
271:
270:
252:
249:
248:
243:
240:
239:
235:
234:
226:
225:
217:
216:
208:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
145:
139:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Phocoena sinus
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5824:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5422:
5420:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5362:M. stejnegeri
5358:
5356:
5354:
5353:M. peruvianus
5349:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5290:M. ginkgodens
5286:
5284:
5282:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5254:M. carlhubbsi
5250:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5180:H. planifrons
5176:
5174:
5172:
5171:H. ampullatus
5167:
5166:
5164:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5103:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5055:Pontoporiidae
5052:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5009:Platanistidae
5006:
4996:
4994:
4993:L. vexillifer
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4853:Sperm whale (
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4698:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4468:S. sahulensis
4464:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4418:S. guianensis
4414:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4386:
4385:P. crassidens
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4350:Peponocephala
4346:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4159:Lagenodelphis
4155:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4024:C. heavisidii
4020:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3957:
3953:
3935:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Cetotheriidae
3908:
3898:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3680:B. mysticetus
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3081:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:Mammal Review
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2693:(8): e42917.
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:(7): 190598.
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2221:9780804778145
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:Brownell 1986
1246:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1082:, p. 23.
1081:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:, p. 78.
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
984:
982:
980:
976:
968:
966:
963:
961:
957:
952:
948:
946:
945:Sea of Cortés
942:
937:
934:
930:
926:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
904:
901:
895:
891:
887:
885:
876:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
846:
843:In 2019, the
841:
839:
838:IUCN Red List
835:
827:
822:
820:
816:
814:
808:
805:
798:Other threats
797:
795:
793:
787:
784:
781:
777:
773:
770:
766:
761:
753:
746:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
727:
717:
715:
712:
708:
700:
698:
694:
687:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:demersal fish
656:
653:Vaquitas are
648:
646:
644:
643:Sea of Cortez
636:
634:
631:
621:
614:
612:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:IUCN Red List
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:
505:
501:
500:
495:
494:
484:
454:
444:
439:
428:
424:
419:
414:
412:
406:
403:
402:Binomial name
399:
395:
394:
393:P. sinus
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
310:
307:
304:
303:
298:
293:
289:
283:
277:
272:
266:
261:
250:
246:
241:
236:
232:
227:
223:
218:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5792:EDGE species
5457:
5418:
5406:
5395:T. shepherdi
5394:
5382:
5371:M. traversii
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5281:M. europaeus
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5215:
5204:I. pacificus
5203:
5191:
5179:
5170:
5150:
5138:
5129:
5120:
5108:
5075:
5063:
5038:
5030:P. gangetica
5029:
5017:
4992:
4980:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4925:
4900:
4892:K. breviceps
4891:
4879:
4854:
4842:
4834:Physeteridae
4817:
4807:Phocoenoides
4805:
4793:
4784:
4782:
4775:
4767:P. dioptrica
4766:
4754:
4742:
4733:
4713:
4681:M. monoceros
4680:
4668:
4656:
4644:
4636:Monodontidae
4620:T. truncatus
4619:
4611:T. erebennus
4610:
4602:T. australis
4601:
4592:
4572:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4528:S. frontalis
4527:
4518:
4509:
4501:S. attenuata
4500:
4488:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4450:S. chinensis
4449:
4429:
4417:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4313:O. heinsohni
4312:
4303:
4291:
4279:
4270:
4252:Lissodelphis
4250:
4238:
4229:
4220:
4212:L. australis
4211:
4202:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4112:
4094:Globicephala
4092:
4081:F. attenuata
4080:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3993:
3932:C. marginata
3931:
3919:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3869:Gray whale (
3860:Eschrichtius
3858:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3818:Blue whale (
3810:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3764:Balaenoptera
3762:
3729:
3721:E. glacialis
3720:
3712:E. australis
3711:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3628:Whippomorpha
3622:Artiodactyla
3447:
3426:
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3404:
3378:(2): 36–45.
3375:
3369:
3349:
3336:. Retrieved
3310:. Retrieved
3305:
3281:. Retrieved
3277:
3248:
3244:
3203:
3199:
3178:10.29406/522
3168:
3164:
3133:
3129:
3112:. Retrieved
3098:
3092:
3086:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:iucn-csg.org
3067:
3038:
3034:
3010:(1): 77–87.
3007:
3003:
2969:
2965:
2902:
2898:
2881:. Retrieved
2877:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:
2841:. Retrieved
2836:
2790:(1): 22–39.
2787:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2767:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:
2690:
2686:
2637:
2633:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:
2600:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2527:
2523:
2489:
2485:
2436:
2432:
2385:
2381:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2326:
2276:
2272:
2235:
2231:
2211:
2169:(12): e415.
2166:
2163:PLOS Biology
2162:
2146:. Retrieved
2144:. p. 14
2141:
2126:
2119:. Retrieved
2116:iucn-csg.org
2115:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2087:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:The Guardian
2065:
2031:(1): 22–30.
2028:
2022:
1997:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1976:
1940:
1936:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:
1893:
1884:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1838:
1831:Linares 2023
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1771:Delgado 2012
1766:
1739:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1701:
1689:
1682:Pennisi 2017
1677:
1665:
1653:
1626:
1614:
1609:, p. 3.
1602:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:
1564:
1557:Alberts 2021
1552:
1540:
1528:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1399:
1389:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1349:
1337:
1332:, p. 5.
1325:
1313:
1301:
1257:
1245:
1240:, Abundance.
1233:
1221:
1194:
1167:
1140:
1133:McNamee 2011
1128:
1116:
1087:
1075:
1063:
992:
972:
964:
953:
949:
938:
935:
931:
927:
920:
907:
905:
896:
892:
888:
883:
880:
871:
856:
842:
831:
823:Conservation
817:
813:Allee effect
809:
801:
788:
785:
762:
758:
735:
731:
725:
721:
718:Reproduction
710:
706:
704:
695:
692:
652:
640:
626:
610:
593:
589:
577:
575:
567:
535:
498:
497:
452:
450:
410:
408:
392:
391:
379:
355:Infraorder:
349:Artiodactyla
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5728:SeaLifeBase
5572:iNaturalist
5482:Wikispecies
5326:M. layardii
5245:M. bowdoini
5193:Indopacetus
4776:P. phocoena
4715:Neophocoena
4703:(Porpoises)
4697:Phocoenidae
4271:L. borealis
4239:L. obscurus
4221:L. cruciger
4015:C. eutropia
3977:Delphinidae
3962:Odontoceti
3871:E. robustus
3838:B. physalus
3836:Fin whale (
3820:B. musculus
3793:B. borealis
3791:Sei whale (
3730:E. japonica
3614:Superorder
3608:Infraclass
3412:23 November
2334:17 December
2279:: 583–586.
1983:28 February
1717:1 September
997:fossilworks
663:crustaceans
655:generalists
615:Description
598:Pleistocene
369:Phocoenidae
5776:Categories
5384:Tasmacetus
5344:M. perrini
5317:M. hotaula
5308:M. hectori
5217:Mesoplodon
5152:Hyperoodon
5139:B. minimus
5130:B. bairdii
5121:B. arnuxii
5065:Pontoporia
5019:Platanista
4593:T. aduncus
4510:S. clymene
4477:S. teuszii
4459:S. plumbea
4361:P. electra
4280:L. peronii
4146:G. griseus
4057:D. delphis
4033:C. hectori
3960:Parvorder
3752:(Rorquals)
3659:Balaenidae
3644:Mysticeti
3642:Parvorder
3338:7 December
3312:11 October
2530:: 109966.
1898:Dunch 2019
1631:CIRVA 2019
1502:Dunch 2019
1330:CIRVA 2019
1318:Canon 2022
1041:CITES 2023
985:References
792:ghost nets
769:endangered
576:The genus
538:extinction
278:Appendix I
80:newspapers
5236:M. bidens
5110:Berardius
5092:Ziphiidae
4972:Lipotidae
4783:Vaquita (
4679:Narwhal (
4657:D. leucas
4374:Pseudorca
4203:L. acutus
4046:Delphinus
3884:Megaptera
3829:B. omurai
3802:B. brydei
3693:Eubalaena
3626:Suborder
3228:1748-7692
3187:2527-6522
3152:2296-7745
3064:"Vaquita"
3055:1365-2907
3026:1863-5407
2988:1863-5407
2972:: 11–27.
2953:248542094
2927:0036-8075
2804:0022-2372
2764:"Vaquita"
2717:1932-6203
2656:1755-098X
2568:221282339
2552:0013-9351
2514:1748-7692
2461:0888-8892
2369:0952-8369
2317:198269466
2301:0025-326X
2260:0304-3800
2238:: 73–91.
2185:1545-7885
2088:TecReview
2053:1748-7692
1965:154832691
1464:Pimm 2023
1408:0362-4331
1187:NOAA 2023
969:Consumers
804:pollution
730:species.
728:-selected
707:P. sinus
661:species,
560:fishery.
531:cetaceans
387:Species:
315:Kingdom:
309:Eukaryota
69:"Vaquita"
5807:Phocoena
5741:Species+
5642:14300120
5590:10942300
5551:46559347
5467:Wikidata
5408:Ziphius
5335:M. mirus
5299:M. grayi
5039:P. minor
4901:K. simus
4871:Kogiidae
4844:Physeter
4818:P. dalli
4785:P. sinus
4756:Phocoena
4574:Tursiops
4490:Stenella
4407:Tucuxi (
4293:Orcaella
4170:L. hosei
4122:G. melas
3847:B. ricei
3811:B. edeni
3610:Eutheria
3604:Mammalia
3598:Chordata
3592:Animalia
3590:Kingdom
3517:Archived
3504:Archived
3491:Archived
3392:29565922
3236:91403217
3114:14 April
3074:29 April
2945:35511971
2883:19 April
2863:19 April
2843:19 April
2773:19 April
2753:29 April
2748:NRDC.org
2735:22916180
2687:PLOS ONE
2674:33089966
2586:29 April
2581:NBC News
2560:32829186
2469:18173491
2420:31417757
2309:31590827
2203:17132047
2148:29 April
2121:29 April
2073:29 April
1925:29 April
1885:The Hill
1575:Mongabay
1375:cite web
900:poachers
765:gillnets
711:P. sinus
675:croakers
578:Phocoena
564:Taxonomy
554:gillnets
527:smallest
508:porpoise
502:) is a
380:Phocoena
365:Family:
339:Mammalia
329:Chordata
325:Phylum:
319:Animalia
305:Domain:
265:IUCN 3.1
143:Holocene
110:May 2024
5707:1089663
5668:vaquita
5629:1006451
5564:2440665
5473:Q725493
5272:M. eueu
4991:Baiji (
4982:Lipotes
4917:Iniidae
4670:Monodon
4398:Sotalia
4337:O. orca
4326:Orcinus
4135:Grampus
3921:Caperea
3669:Balaena
3596:Phylum
3581:species
3579:Cetacea
3577:Extant
3283:14 July
3253:Bibcode
3208:Bibcode
2936:9881057
2907:Bibcode
2899:Science
2812:1376606
2726:3419746
2695:Bibcode
2665:8247363
2619:25 July
2532:Bibcode
2494:Bibcode
2477:7034303
2441:Bibcode
2411:6689580
2390:Bibcode
2281:Bibcode
2240:Bibcode
2194:1661683
2098:14 July
2033:Bibcode
2002:Bibcode
1945:Bibcode
1907:Sources
1413:11 June
1365:11 June
975:bycatch
912:totoaba
836:on the
772:Totoaba
742:Threats
558:totoaba
550:bycatch
544:by the
511:endemic
504:species
453:vaquita
375:Genus:
359:Cetacea
345:Order:
335:Class:
280: (
263: (
209:↓
137:Vaquita
94:scholar
5759:343897
5694:343897
5603:180474
5535:ECOS:
5515:666058
4070:Feresa
3620:Order
3602:Class
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960:buffer
845:UNESCO
776:shrimp
671:grunts
667:squids
665:, and
523:Mexico
433:
418:Norris
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5754:WoRMS
5733:69403
5720:82072
5681:80538
5655:42100
5616:17028
5585:IRMNG
5577:41443
5528:4GK8F
4881:Kogia
4550:Steno
4431:Sousa
3461:from
3334:. CNN
3232:S2CID
3171:(1).
3000:(PDF)
2949:S2CID
2808:JSTOR
2564:S2CID
2473:S2CID
2313:S2CID
2142:CITES
2138:(PDF)
2112:(PDF)
1961:S2CID
867:CITES
282:CITES
276:CITES
101:JSTOR
87:books
5746:5652
5689:OBIS
5663:NOAA
5650:NCBI
5611:IUCN
5598:ITIS
5559:GBIF
5510:BOLD
4927:Inia
3414:2021
3388:PMID
3355:ISBN
3340:2017
3314:2022
3285:2021
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2800:ISSN
2775:2023
2755:2020
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2652:ISSN
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2305:PMID
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2123:2023
2100:2020
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2049:ISSN
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1719:2023
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