706:
2891:
117:
1653:
408:
1274:
A.H.M. Jones, J.R. Martindale, J. Morris, Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. I: AD 260–395, Cambridge 1971 (hereinafter: PLRE I), pp. 1105–1110 (fasti). For the reviews, often negative, and corrections to the first volume of PLRE, cf. A.H.M. Jones, “Fifteen years of Late Roman
687:
to each frontier province, and, although in some provinces one legion was sometimes deemed sufficient, the upper limit was not exceeded. This policy appears to have been continued during the third century AD, as seen in the case of
648:
The ecclesiastical administration paralleled the political, but with some differences. The bishop of Tyre emerged as the pre-eminent prelate of
Phoenice by the mid-3rd century. When the province was divided c. 394,
3342:
2817:
1684:
1327:
3337:
534:
men and archers to sack the city. However, Niger lost the civil war, and
Septimius Severus decided to show his gratitude for Tyre's support by making it the capital of Phoenice.
3267:
2810:
1579:
1552:
1677:
1583:
3292:
2803:
1484:
1459:
1558:
1568:
1530:
1526:
1652:
1621:
1617:
1541:
1537:
449:(reigned 117–138) is said to have considered a division of the overly large Syrian province in 123–124 AD, but it was not until shortly after c. 194 AD that
1670:
1548:
1518:
3322:
705:
1522:
1439:
1389:
3307:
1494:
1602:
1598:
1489:
798:
In the fourth century, as a whole, almost 30 governors of
Phoenicia are known with 23 governors of Phoenicia being in office between 353 and 394.
3317:
3193:
1469:
1315:
1573:
1563:
391:
3287:
3277:
2855:
1613:
1499:
2190:
1642:
1632:
1608:
1514:
1509:
1474:
1464:
1479:
3302:
3282:
3272:
2339:
1627:
1594:
1419:
1409:
1637:
1414:
1429:
3312:
3239:
2962:
2764:
2015:
1449:
1433:
1444:
1425:
277:
263:
238:
224:
3262:
2083:
2007:
1996:
2890:
1589:
1748:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
496:
were now subject to governor in Tyre. Veterans of this military unit were settled in Tyre, which also received the rank of
3178:
2150:
1784:
1382:
621:
396:
473:
to co-capital, and the two cities rivalled each other as the head of the province until its division in the 4th century.
2587:
1693:
1454:
720:
1504:
3148:
2927:
2917:
2875:
2070:
3188:
3128:
426:
1662:
2267:
2209:
2020:
3332:
3297:
3032:
2982:
2860:
2607:
2592:
2416:
2145:
2092:
2088:
2050:
1982:
1803:
1375:
1301:
3183:
2922:
2411:
2358:
2295:
2135:
2125:
1954:
1924:
1350:, Volume I, Edinburgh 1973, p. 243-266 (Survey of the Roman Province of Syria from 63 B.C. to A.D. 70).
658:
574:
Constantine's province was short-lived, but formed the basis of the re-division of
Phoenice c. 394 into the
348:
331:
116:
75:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3158:
3072:
2617:
2060:
1944:
434:
229:
37:
This article is about the ancient Roman province in the Levant. For the ancient Greek city in Epirus, see
3223:
3163:
2992:
2977:
2632:
2401:
2214:
2140:
1733:
555:
550:
665:
c. 450; after 480/1, however, the
Metropolitan of Tyre established himself as the first in precedence (
2055:
3327:
3027:
2880:
2770:
2287:
1939:
1771:
1741:
709:
Marble head of the emperor
Septimius Severus, from Tyre, on display at the National Museum of Beirut.
174:
661:, with Damascus initially outranking Tyre, whose position was also briefly challenged by the see of
3143:
2850:
2845:
2776:
2731:
2549:
2539:
2201:
2030:
1977:
1972:
1745:
617:
412:
256:
1307:
The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the
Collapse of the Umayyads
3138:
2627:
2602:
2509:
2484:
2373:
2257:
2107:
1919:
1716:
600:
417:
3077:
2912:
2870:
2865:
2754:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2350:
2320:
2117:
1967:
1858:
1848:
1823:
1818:
1311:
725:
680:
524:
489:
450:
156:
3097:
3062:
3012:
2690:
2685:
2642:
2597:
2504:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2177:
1914:
1906:
654:
516:
270:
243:
90:
1129:
Latin designation for the Berber population of
Mauretania, a region in the ancient Maghreb.
407:
3107:
2670:
2660:
2567:
2519:
2474:
2393:
2315:
2300:
2219:
1962:
1866:
1838:
1813:
1795:
973:
497:
442:
1335:
2795:
3092:
3037:
2967:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2612:
2557:
2368:
2262:
2234:
2224:
2102:
1891:
1886:
1843:
1833:
1398:
1339:
633:
583:
545:
359:
326:
315:
143:
61:
1275:
Prosopography in the West” (1981–95), Medieval
Prosopography 17/1, 1996, pp. 263–274.
3256:
3168:
3102:
2907:
2562:
2514:
2479:
2469:
2378:
2078:
1881:
1876:
1828:
1808:
1737:
1721:
1343:
563:
520:
462:
129:
3057:
2760:
2577:
2572:
2524:
2310:
2277:
2272:
2097:
1871:
1749:
667:
629:
363:
86:
1305:
3173:
2783:
2655:
2622:
2534:
2489:
2363:
2305:
1215:
562:
out of the eastern half of the old province, encompassing the territory east of
454:
438:
17:
1756:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1348:
The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135)
3067:
3047:
3007:
2972:
2947:
2650:
2494:
1896:
1725:
809:
606:
598:(Φοινίκη Λιβανησία), with Tyre and Emesa as their respective capitals. In the
537:
466:
3052:
3042:
2997:
2436:
2325:
1934:
1929:
684:
637:
625:
477:
367:
31:
3153:
3112:
2942:
2529:
2499:
2421:
2130:
2045:
1753:
1180:
692:
raising the garrisons of
Phoenice to the normal strength of two legions.
689:
650:
541:
504:
493:
354:
38:
3022:
2840:
2726:
2582:
2441:
2383:
2040:
2035:
2025:
662:
612:
531:
508:
485:
446:
445:, Phoenicia remained part of the province of Syria thereafter. Emperor
295:
3082:
3017:
2987:
2952:
2736:
1164:
430:
303:
2782: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
3087:
2932:
2431:
2426:
2406:
1367:
1331:. Vol. Band XX, Halbband 39, Philon–Pignus. pp. 350–379.
704:
604:, written shortly after the division, Phoenice I is governed by a
528:
512:
481:
470:
406:
299:
2146:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
453:(r. 193–211) actually undertook this, dividing the province into
3002:
2957:
2937:
1256:
Parker, “The Legions of Diocletian and Constantine,” p. 177/178.
476:
The province was much larger than the area traditionally called
2799:
2715:
2175:
1769:
1705:
1666:
1371:
1286:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395
632:, with parts in the south and north going to the provinces of
1195:
1193:
1120:
Arabic: الرفنية, romanized: al-Rafaniyya; colloquial: Rafniye
1740:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
1228:
1226:
121:
Roman Empire in 210 with Syria Phoenice highlighted in red
1148:
1146:
1144:
548:, while sometime before 328, when it is mentioned in the
437:. With the exception of a brief period in 36–30 BC, when
342:
3343:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
1310:. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
1284:
Martindale, J. R. & A. H. M. Jones, "Nicentius 1",
683:, it had been the practice to assign not more than two
1364:, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
1328:
Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft
800:
712:
3121:
2898:
2831:
2641:
2548:
2460:
2392:
2349:
2338:
2286:
2248:
2200:
2189:
2116:
2069:
2006:
1995:
1953:
1905:
1857:
1794:
1783:
291:
171:
153:
139:
125:
46:
503:After the death of the 2nd century Roman emperor
395:, a division that persisted until the region was
67:
744:Q. Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus
370:. It was officially created in 194 AD and after
1325:Eißfeldt, Otto (1941). "Phoiniker (Phoinike)".
671:) of all the Metropolitans subject to Antioch.
657:of Phoenice II. Both provinces belonged to the
3338:States and territories established in the 190s
2811:
2763:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1678:
1383:
8:
465:became the capital of the new province, but
2786:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
1362:The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
1288:(Cambridge: University Press, 1971), p. 628
1244:
701:Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Phoenicia
628:, most of the two Phoenices came under the
49:
3268:410s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
2818:
2804:
2796:
2712:
2346:
2197:
2186:
2172:
2003:
1791:
1780:
1766:
1702:
1685:
1671:
1663:
1390:
1376:
1368:
1111:A military unit of the Imperial Roman army
620:. This division remained intact until the
115:
43:
1720:. Provincial administration reformed and
558:(r. 306–337) created the new province of
1694:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
1232:
1199:
1152:
366:, encompassing the historical region of
3179:List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon
1355:Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity
1140:
1082:
540:(r. 284–305) separated the district of
415:with its provinces, as recorded in the
124:
353:
3293:7th-century disestablishments in Asia
3236:UNESCO World Heritage Sites Proposed
3194:Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral
2826:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon
325:
196:
192:
170:
152:
148:
134:
27:Roman/Byzantine province (c. 194–394)
7:
610:, while Libanensis is governed by a
173:• Division during the reign of
1360:Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M,
1089:Modern-day Homs/Hims (حمص), Syria.
570:Phoenice I and Phoenice Libanensis
25:
3323:Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
3113:Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune
399:by the Muslim Arabs in the 630s.
2889:
2126:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1752:in c. 640–660, although in
1651:
653:, rather than Emesa, became the
616:, with both provinces under the
507:, a civil war erupted, in which
275:
261:
236:
222:
3308:Holy Land during Byzantine rule
3240:Category:Roman sites in Lebanon
1736:established after the death of
802:
714:
469:(r. 218–222) raised his native
3013:Khirbet El-Knese roman temples
2084:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
2008:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
355:[(h)epʰyˈni.kesyˈri.a]
1:
3318:Provinces of the Roman Empire
2151:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1729:
644:Ecclesiastical administration
622:Muslim conquest of the Levant
371:
327:[ˈsʏri.apʰoe̯ˈniːkeː]
180:
162:
105:
98:
721:Legatus Augusti pro praetore
343:
3169:Saint Barbara of Heliopolis
3149:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
3088:Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon"
2928:Temples of the Beqaa Valley
2918:Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)
2881:Roman Law school of Berytus
2876:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
2759: Re-established after
2071:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
590:, "coastal Phoenice"), and
480:: for example, cities like
69:ἐπαρχία τῆς Φοινίκης Συρίας
3359:
3288:2nd-century establishments
3278:Ancient Rome-related lists
3189:Catholic Church in Lebanon
941:Aelius Claudius Dulcitius
752:Domitius Leo Procillianus
527:, which led Niger to send
335:
68:
47:Province of Syria Phoenice
36:
29:
3232:
3134:Phoenice (Roman province)
2993:Mansourieh Roman aqueduct
2887:
2866:Berytus Colonnaded street
2856:Cisterns of Berytus Baths
2749:
2732:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2722:
2711:
2185:
2171:
1779:
1765:
1712:
1701:
1649:
1405:
1302:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
806:
776:L. Artorius Pius Maximus
718:
587:
201:
197:
193:
189:
149:
135:
114:
97:
84:
50:
3303:Lebanon in the Roman era
3283:Lists of Roman governors
3273:Roman governors of Syria
3093:Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum
3033:Monastery of Saint Maron
2983:Canalizations of Zenobia
2608:Palaestina III Salutaris
1804:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
803:
715:
433:created the province of
53:Provincia Syria Phoenice
30:Not to be confused with
3184:Christianity in Lebanon
2948:Ain Harcha roman temple
2923:Temples of Mount Hermon
2861:Berytus Cardo Decumanus
2775: Placed under the
2136:Mauretania Caesariensis
1955:Diocese of the Britains
1580:Mauretania Caesariensis
659:Patriarchate of Antioch
624:in the 630s. Under the
3313:Geography of Phoenicia
3219:6th century in Lebanon
3214:5th century in Lebanon
3209:4th century in Lebanon
3204:3rd century in Lebanon
3199:2nd century in Lebanon
3159:Marcus Valerius Probus
2846:Roman Forum of Berytus
2618:Phoenice II Libanensis
2321:Macedonia II Salutaris
1734:praetorian prefectures
1696:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1553:Hispania Tarraconensis
1247:, pp. 47–48, 240.
710:
422:
403:Administrative history
319:
230:Syria (Roman province)
3263:60s BC establishments
3224:551 Beirut earthquake
3164:Eudokia of Heliopolis
3098:Tripolis in Phoenicia
2340:Praetorian prefecture
2215:Noricum mediterraneum
2191:Praetorian prefecture
2141:Mauretania Sitifensis
2036:Picenum Suburbicarium
1997:Praetorian prefecture
1785:Praetorian prefecture
1732: 293. Permanent
807:Provincial governor (
708:
556:Constantine the Great
551:Laterculus Veronensis
410:
3083:Schleem roman temple
3063:Qal'at Bustra temple
3028:Monastery of Qozhaya
3023:Libbaya roman temple
2771:Diocese of Illyricum
2765:Prefecture of Africa
2520:Galatia II Salutaris
2288:Diocese of Macedonia
2178:Eastern Roman Empire
1940:Mauretania Tingitana
1772:Western Roman Empire
1584:Mauretania Tingitana
1480:Corsica and Sardinia
1420:Africa proconsularis
1217:in partibus Orientis
829:Sossianus Hierocles
736:Ti. Manilius Fuscus
630:province of Damascus
519:. While the city of
488:and the base of the
175:Theodosius the Great
3144:Phoenice Libanensis
3018:Labweh Roman temple
2851:Berytus Roman Baths
2777:Quaestura exercitus
2550:Diocese of the East
2540:Pontus Polemoniacus
2202:Diocese of Pannonia
2031:Lucania et Bruttium
1978:Maxima Caesariensis
1973:Flavia Caesariensis
1485:Crete and Cyrenaica
1460:Bithynia and Pontus
1202:, pp. 368–369.
826:Between 293 and 303
818:Between 293 and 305
773:Between 284 and 305
765:Between 268 and 270
618:Diocese of the East
596:Phoenice Libanensis
441:gave the region to
413:Diocese of the East
392:Phoenice Libanensis
257:Phoenice Libanensis
3139:Palaestina Secunda
3038:Nahle roman temple
3008:Kafr Zabad temples
2628:Syria II Salutaris
2485:Armenian Satrapies
2258:Dacia Mediterranea
2180:(395–c. 640)
2108:Venetia et Histria
2016:Apulia et Calabria
1717:Notitia Dignitatum
1569:Lycia et Pamphylia
1531:Gallia Narbonensis
1527:Gallia Lugdunensis
1353:Linda Jones Hall,
1212:Notitia Dignitatum
768:Salvius Theodorus
711:
679:Since the time of
601:Notitia Dignitatum
560:Augusta Libanensis
423:
418:Notitia Dignitatum
344:hē Phoinī́kē Syría
155:• Created by
89:(after 395 of the
3248:
3247:
3078:Saraain El Faouqa
2913:Temple of Bacchus
2871:Byzantine mosaics
2793:
2792:
2755:Septem Provinciae
2745:
2744:
2717:Other territories
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2490:Armenia III (536)
2462:Diocese of Pontus
2452:Phrygia Salutaris
2447:Phrygia Pacatiana
2351:Diocese of Thrace
2334:
2333:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2118:Diocese of Africa
1991:
1990:
1859:Diocese of Vienne
1849:Maxima Sequanorum
1761:
1760:
1660:
1659:
1622:Pannonia Superior
1618:Pannonia Inferior
1542:Germania Superior
1538:Germania Inferior
1317:978-0-7914-1827-7
1098:Arabic: تَدْمُر (
1075:
1074:
842:? Between 309/313
788:
787:
726:imperial province
681:Septimius Severus
525:Septimius Severus
490:Legio III Gallica
457:in the north and
451:Septimius Severus
381:was divided into
341:
309:
308:
287:
286:
283:
282:
249:
248:
157:Septimius Severus
16:(Redirected from
3350:
3043:Nebi Safa temple
2998:Hebbariye temple
2953:Amioun Monastery
2901:(actual Lebanon)
2893:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2769: Later the
2753: Later the
2713:
2691:Thebais Inferior
2686:Thebais Superior
2643:Diocese of Egypt
2633:Theodorias (528)
2495:Armenia IV (536)
2347:
2250:Diocese of Dacia
2240:Valeria ripensis
2198:
2187:
2173:
2056:Tuscia et Umbria
2004:
1907:Diocese of Spain
1792:
1781:
1767:
1731:
1714:As found in the
1703:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1549:Hispania Baetica
1519:Gallia Aquitania
1392:
1385:
1378:
1369:
1332:
1321:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1245:Blankinship 1994
1242:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1087:
837:Julius Julianus
801:
760:D. Pius Cassius
713:
589:
580:Phoenice Paralia
517:Pescennius Niger
427:under Roman rule
387:Phoenice Paralia
376:
373:
357:
352:
346:
340:romanized:
339:
337:
329:
324:
279:
278:
271:Phoenice Paralia
265:
264:
253:
252:
244:Syria Palaestina
240:
239:
226:
225:
219:
218:
203:
202:
185:
182:
167:
164:
119:
110:
107:
103:
100:
91:Byzantine Empire
85:Province of the
79:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
55:
54:
44:
21:
18:Phoenice Paralia
3358:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3333:Byzantine Syria
3298:Ancient Lebanon
3253:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3228:
3117:
3108:Tyre Necropolis
3073:Castra El Banat
2943:Ain Aata temple
2900:
2899:Roman Phoenicia
2894:
2885:
2834:(actual Beirut)
2833:
2827:
2824:
2794:
2789:
2741:
2718:
2695:
2671:Augustamnica II
2637:
2544:
2456:
2394:Diocese of Asia
2388:
2341:
2330:
2316:Macedonia Prima
2282:
2244:
2220:Noricum ripense
2192:
2181:
2155:
2112:
2065:
1998:
1987:
1949:
1901:
1867:Alpes Maritimae
1853:
1839:Lugdunensis III
1796:Diocese of Gaul
1786:
1775:
1774:(395–476)
1757:
1724:established by
1708:
1697:
1691:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1603:Moesia Superior
1599:Moesia Inferior
1430:Alpes Maritimae
1401:
1399:Roman governors
1396:
1324:
1318:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
821:Aelius Statuus
796:
703:
698:
677:
646:
588:Φοινίκη Παραλία
572:
544:and gave it to
443:Ptolemaic Egypt
429:in 64 BC, when
425:Phoenicia came
405:
374:
347:
336:ἡ Φοινίκη Συρία
322:
302:
298:
276:
262:
237:
223:
183:
177:
165:
159:
120:
108:
101:
80:
73:
66:
59:
52:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3356:
3354:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Libya Inferior
2678:
2676:Libya Superior
2673:
2668:
2666:Augustamnica I
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Lycaonia (370)
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Dacia Ripensis
2260:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Carthaginensis
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1892:Novempopulania
1889:
1887:Narbonensis II
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1844:Lugdunensis IV
1841:
1836:
1834:Lugdunensis II
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1611:
1606:
1592:
1587:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1545:
1534:
1523:Gallia Belgica
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Arabia Petraea
1437:
1434:Alpes Poeninae
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1277:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1237:
1235:, p. 369.
1222:
1204:
1189:
1173:
1157:
1155:, p. 368.
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
989:
985:
984:
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
966:
963:
959:
958:
955:
951:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
935:
934:
931:
927:
926:
923:
919:
918:
915:
911:
910:
907:
903:
902:
899:
895:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
879:
878:
875:
871:
870:
867:
863:
862:
861:Fl. Dionysius
859:
855:
854:
851:
847:
846:
843:
839:
838:
835:
831:
830:
827:
823:
822:
819:
815:
814:
805:
795:
789:
786:
785:
782:
778:
777:
774:
770:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
730:
729:
717:
702:
699:
697:
694:
676:
673:
645:
642:
640:respectively.
571:
568:
461:in the south.
459:Syria Phoenice
404:
401:
379:Phoenice Syria
320:Syria Phoenīcē
307:
306:
293:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
273:
267:
266:
259:
250:
247:
246:
241:
233:
232:
227:
215:
214:
209:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
178:
172:
169:
168:
160:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
144:Late Antiquity
141:
140:Historical era
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
112:
111:
95:
94:
82:
81:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3355:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Roman Lebanon
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Dakoue temple
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:Augusti Pagus
2961:
2959:
2958:Arca Caesarea
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2832:Roman Berytus
2830:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Palaestina II
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Cappadocia II
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Armenia Maior
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:Alpes Cottiae
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1945:Tarraconensis
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Narbonensis I
1880:
1878:
1877:Aquitanica II
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Lugdunensis I
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:Constantine I
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1654:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:Alpes Cottiae
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:Millar Fergus
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:Eißfeldt 1941
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:Eißfeldt 1941
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Roman History
1182:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:Eißfeldt 1941
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
960:
956:
953:
952:
948:
945:
944:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
920:
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:
904:
900:
897:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
872:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
799:
793:
790:
783:
780:
779:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
731:
727:
724:(Governor of
723:
722:
707:
700:
695:
693:
691:
686:
682:
674:
672:
670:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
593:
585:
581:
577:
569:
567:
565:
564:Mount Lebanon
561:
557:
553:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
419:
414:
409:
402:
400:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
380:
369:
365:
361:
356:
350:
345:
333:
328:
321:
317:
313:
305:
301:
297:
294:
292:Today part of
290:
274:
272:
269:
268:
260:
258:
255:
254:
251:
245:
242:
235:
234:
231:
228:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
200:
188:
179:
176:
161:
158:
145:
142:
138:
131:
128:
118:
113:
96:
92:
88:
83:
77:
63:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3250:
3133:
3068:Castra Chbib
3058:Qalaat Faqra
2978:Bziza temple
2968:Bakka temple
2933:Aaqbe temple
2737:Spania (552)
2598:Palaestina I
2578:Euphratensis
2525:Helenopontus
2505:Cappadocia I
2412:Hellespontus
2311:Epirus Vetus
2278:Praevalitana
2193:of Illyricum
1983:Valentia (?)
1968:Britannia II
1872:Aquitanica I
1750:theme system
1715:
1578:Mauretania (
1361:
1354:
1347:
1336:Schürer Emil
1326:
1306:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1265:Hall, pg. 94
1261:
1252:
1240:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1099:
1094:
1085:
917:Euchrostius
893:Apollinaris
885:Marcellinus
808:
797:
794:of Phoenicia
791:
719:
678:
668:protothronos
666:
647:
611:
605:
599:
595:
591:
579:
575:
573:
559:
549:
536:
502:
475:
458:
424:
416:
390:
386:
382:
378:
364:Roman Empire
311:
310:
212:Succeeded by
211:
206:
87:Roman Empire
3328:Roman Syria
3174:Coele-Syria
3003:Iaat column
2784:Justinian I
2656:Aegyptus II
2588:Mesopotamia
2535:Paphlagonia
2364:Haemimontus
2342:of the East
2306:Epirus Nova
2230:Pannonia II
1963:Britannia I
1824:Germania II
1590:Mesopotamia
1340:Vermes Geza
1063:Severianus
1047:Epiphanius
1031:Eustathius
933:Andronicus
592:Phoenice II
455:Syria Coele
439:Mark Antony
411:Map of the
349:Koinē Greek
332:Koinē Greek
207:Preceded by
76:Koinē Greek
3257:Categories
2973:Batroumine
2908:Heliopolis
2761:reconquest
2651:Aegyptus I
2613:Phoenice I
2568:Cilicia II
2475:Armenia II
2225:Pannonia I
1897:Viennensis
1819:Germania I
1814:Belgica II
1754:Asia Minor
1726:Diocletian
1547:Hispania (
1536:Germania (
1470:Cappadocia
1136:References
1039:Antherius
1028:Before 388
949:Anatolius
938:Before 361
922:Before 360
914:(?) 359/60
909:Nicentius
901:Demetrius
898:Before 358
869:Archelaus
853:Achillius
834:Before 305
810:Consularis
792:Consulares
784:Crispinus
655:metropolis
607:consularis
576:Phoenice I
538:Diocletian
523:supported
515:supported
467:Elagabalus
385:proper or
375: 394
184: 394
166: 194
109: 394
102: 194
3053:Hosn Niha
2563:Cilicia I
2515:Galatia I
2470:Armenia I
2437:Pamphylia
2369:Moesia II
2326:Thessalia
2103:Raetia II
1935:Lusitania
1930:Gallaecia
1920:Balearica
1809:Belgica I
1574:Macedonia
1564:Lusitania
1465:Britannia
1071:Leontius
1055:Domitius
1023:Proculus
1020:382 – 383
1007:Leontius
999:Domninus
996:364 – 365
991:Ulpianus
980:363 – 364
970:362 – 363
965:Julianus
957:Polycles
930:360 – 361
925:Julianus
906:358 – 359
858:328 – 329
781:292 – 293
733:193 – 194
696:Governors
626:Caliphate
494:Raphanaea
478:Phoenicia
397:conquered
368:Phoenicia
32:Phoenicia
3154:Ulpianus
2530:Honorias
2500:Bithynia
2273:Moesia I
2268:Dardania
2210:Dalmatia
2131:Byzacena
2098:Raetia I
2046:Sardinia
2021:Campania
1999:of Italy
1722:dioceses
1614:Pannonia
1500:Dalmatia
1415:Aegyptus
1304:(1994).
1181:Herodian
1171:50.15.1.
954:c. 361/2
845:Maximus
690:Aurelian
675:Military
651:Damascus
542:Batanaea
505:Commodus
421:, c. 400
383:Phoenice
360:province
358:) was a
312:Phoenice
39:Phoenice
3122:Related
2841:Berytus
2727:Taurica
2661:Arcadia
2623:Syria I
2593:Osroene
2583:Isauria
2442:Pisidia
2417:Islands
2384:Thracia
2379:Scythia
2374:Rhodope
2093:Aemilia
2089:Liguria
2061:Valeria
2051:Sicilia
2041:Samnium
2026:Corsica
1915:Baetica
1787:of Gaul
1742:Ravenna
1707:History
1643:Thracia
1633:Sicilia
1609:Noricum
1510:Galatia
1475:Cilicia
1455:Assyria
1445:Armenia
1424:Alpes (
1295:Sources
1169:Digests
1015:Petrus
983:Marius
974:Gaianus
877:Nonnus
685:legions
663:Berytus
613:praeses
532:javelin
509:Berytus
498:colonia
486:Palmyra
447:Hadrian
362:of the
296:Lebanon
126:Capital
2779:in 536
2573:Cyprus
2558:Arabia
2359:Europa
2296:Achaea
1746:Africa
1628:Raetia
1595:Moesia
1559:Judaea
1505:Epirus
1490:Cyprus
1410:Achaia
1357:(2004)
1314:
1165:Ulpian
1100:Tadmur
874:c. 337
850:c. 323
749:c. 207
634:Jordan
546:Arabia
511:, and
431:Pompey
389:, and
323:Latin:
304:Israel
72:
58:
3103:Tyrus
2432:Lydia
2427:Lycia
2407:Caria
2301:Creta
2235:Savia
1638:Syria
1495:Dacia
1078:Notes
890:353/4
804:Date
716:Date
638:Emesa
584:Greek
529:Mauri
513:Sidon
482:Emesa
471:Emesa
435:Syria
316:Latin
300:Syria
130:Tyrus
62:Latin
3048:Niha
2938:Afqa
2402:Asia
1744:and
1620:and
1601:and
1582:and
1551:and
1540:and
1529:and
1515:Gaul
1450:Asia
1432:and
1312:ISBN
1187:3.3.
636:and
521:Tyre
484:and
463:Tyre
2091:et
1219:, I
1068:392
1060:391
1052:390
1044:388
1036:388
1012:380
1004:372
988:364
962:362
946:361
882:342
866:335
757:213
741:198
594:or
578:or
492:in
3259::
1730:c.
1728:,
1525:,
1521:,
1428:,
1346:,
1342:,
1338:,
1225:^
1214:,
1192:^
1183:,
1167:,
1143:^
813:)
728:)
586::
566:.
554:,
500:.
377:,
372:c.
338:,
334::
330:;
318::
181:c.
163:c.
106:c.
99:c.
2819:e
2812:t
2805:v
1686:e
1679:t
1672:v
1624:)
1616:(
1605:)
1597:(
1586:)
1555:)
1544:)
1533:)
1517:(
1436:)
1391:e
1384:t
1377:v
1320:.
1102:)
582:(
351::
314:(
104:–
93:)
78:)
74:(
64:)
60:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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