115:
398:. This diagnosis included that the tarsometatarus was smaller and more slender than the corresponding bone in the lesser flamingo. The posterior extension of the second trochlea is not as rounded and on the plantar surface of the fourth trochlea the articular surface does not extend as far back. The additional material identified by Miller generally matches the corresponding bones in the extant
300:. Rich and colleagues argue that this identification may have been a result of De Vis' limited reference collection, which did not include bones of flamingos. Subsequently, De Vis was incapable of comparing his material with extant flamingos and instead had to assign it to the most similar group available to him. The material, named
402:
species. Rich and colleagues however do point out that the features of the trochlea are very variable in extant genera, before agreeing that the mediolateral compression of the species most closely resembles the lesser flamingo out of all modern genera. They also add that certain features of the
418:, this element shows several differences that clearly set it apart from all modern flamingos. For instance, the intermuscular line remains straight over most of the femur's length until it makes a drastic concave turn to contact the
497:, which is approximately the size of the lesser flamingo. It was again found alongside greater flamingos at Wurdulumankula, Lower Wolf Creek, though the precise age of that site is unknown. Although it is unknown when precisely
426:. The pit for the ligament at the fibular condyle is deep, proximal to which lie a prominent ridge and well defined channel. The ridge is only weakly present in modern flamingos and the well defined channel absent.
403:
referred material serve as additional differentiation from modern flamingos. This includes the placement of the ligamental groove, the flattened state of the distal end and the sloping of the condyles.
465:, at least based on the Lake Kanunka material, was the smallest known flamingo in the fossil record. Rich and colleagues, who worked with more material of the species, disagree with this, stating that
491:
is known from various localities in
Australia. During the Pliocene at Lake Kanunka it coexisted with at least two other species of flamingo, the large greater flamingo and
744:
449:. Miller writes that it's approximately 10% smaller than the smallest individuals of the lesser flamingo and also smaller than the small American forms
678:
729:
734:
475:
that in size would match the modern lesser flamingo, but also notes that this fossil would not only fall within the range of variation for
312:
in 1967. Around the same time Miller named the first recognized flamingo fossils from
Australia, erecting several species including
441:
is clearly smaller than the same bone in the extant lesser flamingo. The femur described by De Vis is also smaller than in modern
288:
in 1905 alongside a variety of other fossil birds. At the time De Vis was under the impression that the material, a left distal
422:. The front of the shaft is deeply excavated in the proximal region and lacks a foramen that in other flamingos aids with
114:
530:
479:, but might also be deceptive, as the wings may not reflect the small and gracile build of the rest of the body.
352:. The team argues that the femur, stouter than in ibises, more closely resembles flamingos and also assign it to
724:
493:
739:
646:
451:
360:
was initially kept due to the differences in the tibiotarsus and femur distinguishing it from the modern
691:
457:
423:
285:
210:
262:
328:. In 1987, Rich and colleagues examined the material and determined that the description and size of
581:
345:
166:
505:, when increasing aridification destroyed the shallow lakes these birds require to feed and nest.
719:
626:
553:
387:
109:
696:
349:
616:
545:
411:
361:
309:
293:
289:
270:
410:
shows the stout morphology typical for flamingos as well as sharply curved line near the
437:
as being among the smallest known flamingo, fossil or otherwise. The type material of
713:
630:
186:
61:
669:
317:
621:
604:
467:
265:
has been dated, while most other material lacks precise information on its age.
36:
502:
419:
81:
46:
370:
297:
250:
126:
86:
663:
501:
went extinct, flamingos as a whole disappeared from
Australia during the
414:. However, unlike Miller's tarsometatarus which is incredibly similar to
325:
246:
242:
176:
146:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
683:
557:
472:
337:
305:
261:, which were eventually found to be synonymous. Only material from the
91:
66:
386:
is thought to have belonged to a juvenile approximately the size of a
269:
was one of the smallest species of flamingo, smaller than the modern
136:
640:
549:
156:
644:
580:
Rich, P.V.; van Tets, G.F.; Rich, T.H.V.; McEvey, A.R. (1987).
340:
of De Vis' taxon. In the same publication the authors examine
253:. Fossil material was described under several names including
368:
was used in later publications due to the fact that the name
324:
was not a shorebird at all and instead represented a type of
382:
Based on the surface texture of the fossil, the holotype of
471:
from
Miocene Kenya was even smaller. Miller did identify a
605:"An annotated checklist of the fossil birds of Australia"
394:, this fossil matches the diagnosis given by Miller for
296:
without precise locality or age, belonged to a type of
308:
by
Lambrecht in 1933, an assignment then supported by
344:, also named by De Vis in 1905 based on a femur from
320:
in the Lake Eyre basin. In 1975 Condon proposed that
609:
Transactions of the Royal
Society of South Australia
582:"The Pliocene and Quaternary Flamingos of Australia"
653:
445:and subsequently matches what was described for
356:, which is of similar size. Although the name
8:
641:
20:
620:
304:by De Vis, was then placed in the family
292:only described to have been found in the
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
514:
603:Worthy, T.H.; Nguyen, J.M.T. (2020).
524:
522:
520:
518:
7:
745:Taxa named by Charles Walter De Vis
531:"The fossil flamingos of Australia"
14:
461:. Due to this Miller argues that
586:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
113:
332:matches Miller's diagnosis for
730:Prehistoric birds of Australia
1:
735:Fossil taxa described in 1905
622:10.1080/03721426.2020.1756560
273:which it may be related to.
406:The femur originally named
16:Extinct species of flamingo
761:
374:is occupied by a beetle.
241:is an extinct species of
216:
209:
110:Scientific classification
108:
23:
336:, rendering the later a
284:was first described by
452:Phoenicopterus minutus
396:Phoeniconaias gracilis
334:Phoeniconaias gracilis
314:Phoeniconaias gracilis
259:Phoeniconaias gracilis
692:Paleobiology Database
655:Phoeniconaias proeses
529:Miller, A.H. (1963).
499:Phoeniconaias proeses
494:Xenorhynchopsis minor
489:Phoeniconaias proeses
487:Material assigned to
458:Phoenicopterus stocki
435:Phoeniconaias proeses
429:Both Miller and Rich
424:skeletal pneumaticity
384:Phoeniconaias proeses
366:Phoeniconaias proeses
286:Charles Walter De Vis
282:Phoeniconaias proeses
238:Phoeniconaias proeses
223:Phoeniconaias proeses
25:Phoeniconaias proeses
390:. According to Rich
167:Phoenicopteriformes
388:beach stone-curlew
364:, the combination
707:
706:
647:Taxon identifiers
408:Ibis (?) conditus
354:Ocyplanus proeses
350:Threskiornithidae
342:Ibis (?) conditus
322:Ocyplanus proeses
302:Ocyplanus proeses
255:Ocyplanus proeses
234:
233:
752:
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699:
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263:Tirari Formation
225:
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177:Phoenicopteridae
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33:
29:Temporal range:
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579:
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550:10.2307/1365355
533:
528:
527:
516:
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485:
412:popliteal fossa
380:
362:lesser flamingo
310:Pierce Brodkorb
294:Lake Eyre basin
290:tarsometatarsus
279:
271:lesser flamingo
230:
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202:P. proeses
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17:
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5:
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725:Pliocene birds
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688:
675:
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637:
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544:(4): 289β299.
513:
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484:
481:
379:
376:
348:and placed in
346:Wurdulumankula
278:
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232:
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229:(De Vis, 1905)
228:
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34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
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3:
2:
757:
746:
743:
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740:Phoeniconaias
738:
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733:
731:
728:
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723:
721:
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698:
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676:
671:
665:
661:
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
632:
628:
623:
618:
615:(1): 66β108.
614:
610:
606:
599:
596:
592:(1): 207β225.
591:
587:
583:
576:
574:
572:
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568:
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443:Phoeniconaias
440:
436:
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416:Phoeniconaias
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400:Phoeniconaias
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211:Binomial name
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188:Phoeniconaias
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483:Paleobiology
476:
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318:Lake Kanunka
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258:
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201:
200:
187:
24:
18:
468:Leakeyornis
378:Description
714:Categories
670:Q115702394
538:The Condor
509:References
503:Quaternary
477:P. proeses
463:P. proeses
447:P. proeses
439:P. proeses
420:trochanter
330:O. proeses
267:P. proeses
720:Flamingos
631:221065815
433:describe
371:Ocyplanus
358:Ocyplanus
298:shorebird
251:Australia
245:from the
195:Species:
133:Kingdom:
127:Eukaryota
684:11334328
664:Wikidata
247:Pliocene
243:flamingo
173:Family:
147:Chordata
143:Phylum:
137:Animalia
123:Domain:
32:Pliocene
558:1365355
473:humerus
338:synonym
306:Laridae
277:History
220:†
199:†
183:Genus:
163:Order:
153:Class:
98:↓
697:429011
629:
556:
431:et al.
392:et al.
627:S2CID
554:JSTOR
534:(PDF)
316:from
679:GBIF
455:and
326:rail
257:and
157:Aves
37:Preκ
617:doi
613:144
546:doi
249:of
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681::
666::
625:.
611:.
607:.
590:25
588:.
584:.
566:^
552:.
542:65
540:.
536:.
517:^
87:Pg
633:.
619::
560:.
548::
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:κ
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