228:. Thereby, the plate can be used over and over again. Imaging plates can theoretically be re-used thousands of times if they are handled carefully and under certain radiation exposure conditions. PSP plate handling under industrial conditions often results in damage after a few hundred uses. Mechanical damage such as scratches and abrasions are common, as well as radiation fatigue or imprinting due to high energy applications. An image can be erased by simply exposing the plate to a room-level fluorescent light - but more efficient, complete erasure is required to avoid signal carry-over and artifacts. Most laser scanners automatically erase the plate (current technology uses red LED lighting) after laser scanning is complete. The imaging plate can then be re-used.
17:
133:
271:. The digital image can then be viewed and enhanced using software that has functions very similar to other conventional digital image-processing software, such as contrast, brightness, filtration and zoom. CR imaging plates (IPs) can be retrofitted to existing exam rooms and used in multiple x-ray sites since IPs are processed through a CR reader (scanner) that can be shared between multiple exam rooms.
200:
295:(FPD), the data being directly passed electronically to the processing computer. PSP plate radiography instead uses a cassette containing the imaging plate, which stores the image until it is read out and loaded into the computer. This additional extra step, from exposing the detector to a viewable digital image, is the main difference between the two techniques.
280:
240:
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Holden, William M.; Hoidn, Oliver R.; Ditter, Alexander S.; Seidler, Gerald T.; Kas, Joshua; Stein, Jennifer L.; Cossairt, Brandi M.; Kozimor, Stosh A.; Guo, Jinghua; Ye, Yifan; Marcus, Matthew A.; Fakra, Sirine (2017-07-01). "A compact dispersive refocusing
Rowland circle X-ray emission spectrometer
207:
A lower-frequency light source that is insufficient in energy to create more Eu ions can return the trapped electrons to the conduction band. As these mobilized electrons encounter Eu ions, they release a blue-violet 400 nm luminescence. This light is produced in proportion to the number of
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In phosphor plate radiography, the imaging plate is housed in a special cassette and placed under the body part or object to be examined and the x-ray exposure is made. The imaging plate is then run through a special laser scanner, or CR reader, that reads and converts the image to a
212:, which is clocked at a specific resolution or pixel capture frequency. The light is thereby converted to an electronic signal and significantly amplified. The electronic signal is then quantized via an
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Reusable phosphor plates are environmentally safe but need to be disposed of according to local regulations due to the composition of the phosphor, which contains the heavy metal Barium.
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until stimulated by the second illumination. For example, Fuji's photostimulable phosphor is deposited on a flexible polyester film support with grain size about 5
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461:
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On photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates, the phosphor layer is typically 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick. After the initial exposure by short-
306:, where there is a continuous beam of radiation and the images appear on the screen in real time, for which PSP plates cannot be used.
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183:. When Eu ions are struck by ionizing radiation, they lose an additional electron to become Eu ions. These electrons enter the
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trapped electrons, and thus in proportion to the original X-ray signal. It can be collected often by a
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Application of imaging plates to x-ray imaging and spectroscopy in laser plasma experiments (invited)
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of interest, "writes" the image, and a later, second illumination (typically by a visible-wavelength
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of the crystal and become trapped in the bromine ion empty lattice of the crystal, resulting in a
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Benjamin S (2010). "Phosphor plate radiography: an integral component of the filmless practice".
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291:(DR). Direct radiography usually refers to image capture onto an amorphous silicon or selenium
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to discrete (digital) values for each pixel and placed into the image processor pixel map.
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Izumi, N., Snavely, R., Gregori, G., Koch, J. A., Park, H.-S., Remington, B. A. (2006),
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Gruner, S. M.; Eikenberry, E. F.; Tate, M. W. (2006). "Comparison of X-ray detectors".
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which uses computer processing to convert multiple projectional radiographies to a
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Afterwards, the plates can be "erased," by exposing the plate to room-intensity
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may induce such an energy storage. A plate based on this mechanism is called a
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implosions, backlit radiographic microscopy, and spatially-resolved
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PSP plates are commonly used as x-ray detectors for measurements in
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by stimulation with visible light, to produce a luminescent signal.
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material remain 'trapped' in 'colour centres' ("F-centers") in the
67:) "reads" the image. The device to read such a plate is known as a
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Rowlands JA (2002). "The physics of computed radiography".
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Image plates were pioneered for commercial medical use by
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Dreyer, Keith J.; Mehta, Amit; Thrall, James H. (2013).
254:. Image plate detectors have also been used in numerous
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that is higher in energy than the original condition.
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for laboratory, synchrotron, and XFEL applications".
287:PSP plate radiography is often distinguished from
75:, perhaps reflecting its common application in
562:"Computed radiography and digital radiography"
298:PSP plates and DR FPDs are typically used for
55:. Creating an image requires illuminating the
318:. Examples include self-emission imaging of
99:using a photostimulable phosphor plate as an
8:
31:) is the release of stored energy within a
650:
175:as a luminescence center". Europium is a
507:International Tables for Crystallography
462:"Principle of Imaging Plate Methodology"
179:cation that replaces barium to create a
15:
685:PACS: A Guide to the Digital Revolution
383:
614:
612:
246:Computed radiography is used for both
171:containing a trace amount of bivalent
20:The phosphor plate radiography process
7:
41:photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate
533:"Computed radiography (CR) systems"
302:. This should not be confused with
275:Differences from Direct Radiography
59:twice: the first exposure, to the
14:
195:Energy release and digitalization
639:Review of Scientific Instruments
1:
136:A circular cut of a PSP plate
519:10.1107/97809553602060000667
25:Photostimulated luminescence
432:10.1088/0031-9155/47/23/201
320:inertial confinement fusion
316:high energy-density physics
152:, excited electrons in the
111:" (not to be confused with
742:
105:phosphor plate radiography
688:. Springer. p. 161.
591:World Health Organization
540:World Health Organization
283:CeReO - PSP plate scanner
150:electromagnetic radiation
566:IAEA Human Health Campus
300:projectional radiography
252:projectional radiography
97:Projectional radiography
53:projectional radiography
352:X-ray image intensifier
167:, and is described as "
123:Structure and mechanism
726:Nondestructive testing
284:
248:industrial radiography
243:
204:
203:Readout of a PSP plate
137:
71:(occasionally spelled
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324:emission spectroscopy
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262:Medical X-ray Imaging
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202:
135:
47:) and is one type of
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210:photomultiplier tube
169:barium fluorobromide
109:computed radiography
597:on October 19, 2014
372:Digital radiography
293:flat panel detector
113:computed tomography
289:Direct Radiography
285:
269:digital radiograph
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205:
138:
22:
661:10.1063/1.4994739
357:Radioluminescence
77:molecular biology
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625:, AIP Publishing
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593:. Archived from
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513:(7.1): 143–147.
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472:on 19 March 2006
468:. Archived from
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189:metastable state
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492:"Imaging plate"
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426:(23): R123–66.
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256:crystallography
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185:conduction band
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103:can be called "
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342:in the 1980s.
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181:solid solution
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128:Energy storage
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101:X-ray detector
84:phosphorylated
79:for detecting
69:phosphorimager
49:X-ray detector
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587:"Fluoroscopy"
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91:nucleic acids
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45:imaging plate
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599:. Retrieved
595:the original
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569:. Retrieved
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544:. Retrieved
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474:. Retrieved
470:the original
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328:quantum dots
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250:and medical
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144:(typically,
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81:radiolabeled
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44:
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28:
24:
23:
721:Radiography
494:. Fujifilm.
367:Fluoroscopy
304:fluoroscopy
226:white light
165:micrometers
710:Categories
652:1704.07496
399:(11): 89.
393:Dent Today
378:References
142:wavelength
669:0034-6748
448:250801018
258:studies.
61:radiation
466:Fujifilm
440:12502037
405:21133024
346:See also
177:divalent
173:europium
154:phosphor
117:3D image
87:proteins
51:used in
33:phosphor
601:27 June
571:27 June
546:27 June
476:27 June
334:History
310:Physics
161:lattice
158:crystal
716:X-rays
692:
667:
542:. 2012
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403:
107:" or "
37:X-rays
647:arXiv
645:(7).
536:(PDF)
444:S2CID
220:Reuse
146:X-ray
65:laser
57:plate
690:ISBN
665:ISSN
603:2017
573:2017
548:2017
478:2017
436:PMID
401:PMID
340:Fuji
235:Uses
119:).
89:and
43:(or
657:doi
515:doi
428:doi
326:of
214:ADC
93:).
29:PSL
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611:^
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27:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
