267:
256:
396:
202:
151:
430:
33:
104:
287:
walks, and the lower part of the front facing loggia. Later phases added the attic story (1439), but omitted the pilasters that
Brunelleschi seems to have envisioned, and expanded the building by one bay to the south (1430). The vaulted passageway in the bay to the left of the loggia was also added later. Since the loggia was started before the hospital was begun, the hospital was not formally opened until 1445.
331:) and set off against the white of the walls. Also novel was the proportional logic. The heights of the columns, for example, was not arbitrary. If a horizontal line is drawn along the tops of the columns, a square is created out of the height of the column and the distance from one column to the next. This desire for regularity and geometric order was to become an important element in
1114:
454:
to feeding the infants with cow or goat's milk. Mothers would sometimes abandon their own children to feed a child from the hospital. Others would even abandon their own children at the
Innocenti, get hired as a wet nurse, and end up feeding their own child with pay. There was also continuation of salary from the hospital after the death of an infant.
417:. It can also explain how investors used Florence's charitable institutions as savings banks: A relationship between charity and Italian city-states can be depicted by using the Innocenti as a case study. Furthermore, the hospital remains as a significant place with a statement of compassion and care besides its unpleasant downfalls.
262:
Children were sometimes abandoned in a basin which was located at the front portico. However, this basin was removed in 1660 and replaced by a wheel for secret refuge. There was a door with a special rotating horizontal wheel that brought the baby into the building without the parent being seen. This
453:
monk molded the lives of children in the hospital. Borghini, after five months of becoming superintendent, wanted to get hold of the hospital's operai to eliminate wet nurses who defrauded the hospital. One of the main issues was that wet nursing increased the number of pregnancy. Some would resort
366:
The
Foundling Hospital defines the eastern side of the Piazza Santissima Annunziata, the other two principal facades of which were built later to imitate Brunelleschi's loggia. The piazza was not designed by Brunelleschi, as is sometimes reported in guide books. The west façade, the Loggia dei Servi
457:
There were three major years of great famine, 1556–57, 1567 and 1569–70. This was due to an imbalance between population and agricultural capacity. It was very difficult to reduce cost while balancing high admissions. During the sixteenth century, an increase in population impacted the
Innocenti as
425:
and weaned. Masters were hired to teach reading and writing to boys. Boys were taught skills according to their abilities while girls were sent to mistresses who taught them how to sew, cook and other such occupations. The hospital provided dowries for the girls, and they had the option of getting
251:
The building reveals a clean and clear sense of proportion. The height of the columns is the same as the width of the intercolumniation and the width of the arcade, making each bay a cube. The building's simple proportions reflect a new age, one of secular education, and a sense of great order and
469:
The consequences of the debt led to the dismissal of girls and boys. Borghini requested that the children be given to high status people of good reputation. Boys were dismissed at the age of eighteen. Girls were tried to be placed in noble families with increased dowries for those who wanted to
461:
The hospital suffered from financial debt. The main problem was trying to balance expenses and revenues. Cosimo and
Francesco had an unstable organization between private charity and finance and constantly over withdrew money. They had used the Innocenti as their personal charitable institution
286:
The
Foundling Hospital was constructed in several phases and only the first phase (1419–1427) was under Brunelleschi's direct supervision. Under Brunelleschi's supervision he managed to lay the foundations, raise the main walls, finish off the basement with a cryptoporticus beneath the cloister
420:
The
Innocenti was responsible for the care of abandoned children and provided them with the ability to rejoin society. The first infant abandoned was on February 5, 1445, ten days after opening. Babies were received,
2022:
1997:
379:, the Basilica of the Most Holy Annunciation. Though the building is much older, the facade was added in 1601 by the architect Giovanni Battista Caccini. The equestrian statue of
426:
married or becoming nuns. In the late 1520s, an extension was built to the south along the Via de' Fibbiai. This was intentionally for women who did not marry or become a nun.
1987:
266:
2012:
617:
498:
351:
was commissioned to fill them in. The design features a baby in swaddling clothes. A few of the tondi are still the original ones, but some are 19th century copies.
376:
2032:
1815:
2002:
887:
836:
263:
allowed people to leave their babies, anonymously, to be cared for by the orphanage. This system was in operation until the hospital's closure in 1875.
751:
Gavitt, Philip (June 1997). "Charity and State
Building in Cinquecento Florence: Vincenzio Borghini as administrator of the Ospedale Degli Innocenti".
458:
well as high wheat prices. In 1557, there were also problems with maintaining supplies of grain since flooding occurred in the
Innocenti's storehouse.
2027:
1010:
988:
978:
395:
466:, however, its annual operating expenses were minimal (100,000 lire). Seventy-five percent of the hospital's debts were amounts owed to investors.
1992:
2017:
1273:
1475:
150:
1485:
998:
201:
1844:
1808:
1323:
1567:
1191:
1157:
409:
was a charity institution that was responsible for the welfare of abandoned children. It represented social and humanistic views of
828:
880:
255:
1328:
1181:
1025:
511:
2007:
1777:
1358:
1333:
355:
429:
252:
clarity. Similarly, the height of the entablature is half the column height, as is appropriate for a clear-minded society.
1801:
1706:
1501:
1460:
1268:
1235:
368:
2037:
1313:
1308:
993:
665:"La restituzione digitale della fronte porticata dell'Ospedale degli Innocenti da Brunelleschi a Della Luna (1420–1440)"
225:
The upper floor is later; it was not in place in the 1460s, when the building is shown in the background of a fresco by
1554:
1379:
1062:
873:
1920:
1759:
1711:
1562:
1283:
1218:
934:
649:
UNICEF Innocenti (2021). History of
Innocenti. UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti. Retrieved on 2021-08-10 from
100:. That guild was one of the wealthiest in the city and, like most guilds, took upon itself philanthropic duties.
2042:
1754:
1534:
1665:
1348:
1298:
1293:
1288:
963:
332:
85:
815:
San Francisco, CA. October 1915, quoted in "National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form"
1946:
1902:
1850:
1701:
1544:
1454:
1419:
1343:
1338:
1318:
1263:
1208:
1084:
1045:
296:
1450:
1363:
380:
308:
192:
177:
1957:
1928:
1838:
1587:
1572:
1414:
1409:
1303:
1253:
1140:
636:
611:
494:
in Chapter 2, and she later purchases several photographs of "some Della Robbia Babies" in Chapter Four.
270:
169:
128:
1655:
1608:
1506:
1434:
1824:
1539:
1526:
1258:
1203:
1069:
948:
939:
829:
Five centuries of foundling history in Florence: changing patterns of abandonment, care and mortality
442:
274:
132:
77:
32:
1670:
1660:
1465:
1404:
1248:
1186:
1169:
1035:
908:
572:
348:
300:
188:
84:. It was originally a children's orphanage. It is regarded as a notable example of early Italian
1964:
1856:
1603:
1582:
1577:
1480:
1424:
1399:
1135:
953:
768:
485:
164:
The central façade is made up of nine bays of semicircular arches springing from columns of the
191:
suggesting the function of the building. There is a further bay at each end, with no steps and
1951:
1782:
1764:
1728:
1691:
1629:
1511:
1174:
1145:
1030:
592:
438:
241:
120:
116:
112:
97:
1696:
1624:
1243:
1196:
968:
958:
896:
760:
584:
304:
58:
17:
375:, the Servi di Maria, but is today a hotel. The north side of the piazza is defined by the
1733:
1718:
1645:
1469:
1429:
1223:
1101:
1091:
1079:
1074:
973:
924:
470:
marry. Women who did not become nuns nor married were trained for trade and manual labor.
372:
312:
232:
226:
211:
205:
165:
124:
103:
81:
787:
501:, built in 1914–15, has been described as a "free adaptation" of Brunelleschi's hospital.
573:"The "Ospedale degli Innocenti" and the "Bambino" of the American Academy of Pediatrics"
1873:
1738:
1650:
1162:
347:. These were originally meant by Brunelleschi to be blank concavities, but around 1490
180:, no longer using pointed arches. In the spandrels of the arches there are glazed blue
115:
structure." Today the building houses a small museum of Renaissance art with works by
63:
1981:
1723:
1686:
1516:
1213:
1057:
1040:
983:
772:
480:
328:
237:
218:
1879:
1278:
1150:
1015:
650:
327:
behind them. The architectural elements were also all articulated in grey stone (
1050:
450:
414:
384:
344:
441:
was appointed spedalingo (superintendent) of the Innocenti. He was employed by
176:
several steps above the square. The round arches are a revival of the style of
1003:
929:
181:
851:
838:
1353:
422:
596:
588:
811:"The Berkeley Post Office – an Example of the New Public Building Policy"
919:
900:
410:
316:
245:
195:
184:
73:
1113:
714:
Formal Design in Renaissance Architecture: from Brunelleschi to Palladio
1793:
446:
865:
1096:
491:
462:
savings banks. The hospital's debt increased from 300,000 to 700,000
173:
139:
89:
664:
764:
428:
394:
265:
254:
102:
490:
Lucy expresses her preference for "the Della Robbia babies" over
463:
324:
320:
138:
The building currently serves as the base of operations for the
1797:
869:
571:
Kahn, Lawrence, MD; Frohna, J. G.; Wald, E. R. (July 2002).
295:
Brunelleschi's design was based on Classical Roman, Italian
700:
architecture, Western:Early Renaissance in Italy (1401–95)
631:
Weigert, Hans (1961). Busch, Harald; Lohse, Bernd (eds.).
387:
and placed there in 1608. The fountain was added in 1640.
303:. The loggia was a well known building type, such as the
240:. Above each semicircular arch, on the upper floor is a
96:, was built and managed by the "Arte della Seta" or Silk
685:. (New York: Rizzoli, 1981). *See also: Howard Saalman.
307:. But the use of round columns with classically correct
2023:
15th-century establishments in the Republic of Florence
433:
Women's cloister (separate from the men's cloister).
399:
Men's cloister (separate from the women's cloister).
1939:
1912:
1889:
1866:
1831:
1747:
1679:
1638:
1617:
1596:
1553:
1525:
1494:
1443:
1392:
1372:
1234:
1128:
1121:
907:
319:(or impost blocks) was novel. So too, the circular
62:;) 'Hospital of the Innocents', also known in old
111:The building "is considered to be the first pure
93:
1998:Hospital buildings completed in the 15th century
499:United States Post Office (Berkeley, California)
651:https://www.unicef-irc.org/history-of-innocenti
80:, who received the commission in 1419 from the
236:(1464–1465) in the church of Sant'Agostino in
160:. Digital reconstruction by Adriano Marinazzo.
1809:
881:
404:
155:
47:
36:
8:
616:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1988:Buildings and structures completed in 1427
1816:
1802:
1794:
1125:
888:
874:
866:
88:. The hospital, which features a nine bay
2013:Hospitals established in the 15th century
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
989:Museo Nazionale Alinari della Fotografia
200:
149:
31:
633:Buildings of Europe: Renaissance Europe
523:
609:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
154:Brunelleschi's original design of the
2033:Art museums and galleries in Florence
57:
7:
2003:Renaissance architecture in Florence
543:
541:
377:Basilica della Santissima Annunziata
27:Historic building in Florence, Italy
999:Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze
687:Filippo Brunelleschi: The Buildings
371:in the 1520s. It was built for the
187:with reliefs of babies designed by
59:[ospeˈdaːledeʎʎinnoˈtʃɛnti]
1845:Santa Maria degli Angeli, Florence
1136:Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
786:Forster, E. M. (14 October 2016).
669:Il Mercante l'Ospedale I Fanciulli
25:
1905:(hall of the first floor, 1430s)
1112:
729:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
702:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
551:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
534:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
140:UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre
2028:1875 disestablishments in Italy
383:was made by the noted sculptor
343:Above each column is a ceramic
1993:Filippo Brunelleschi buildings
1859:(began work on the dome, 1446)
1011:National Archaeological Museum
358:is based on one of the tondi.
356:American Academy of Pediatrics
1:
2018:1419 establishments in Europe
1461:British Institute of Florence
753:The Journal of Modern History
369:Antonio da Sangallo the Elder
107:Detail with one of the tondi.
1026:Palazzo dell'Arte dei Beccai
994:Museo Nazionale di San Marco
716:. (New York: Rizzoli, 1995).
512:Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda
449:. Borghini's education as a
362:Piazza Santissima Annunziata
323:and the segmented spherical
76:, Italy. It was designed by
72:, is a historic building in
18:Piazza Santissima Annunziata
1329:S Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi
1274:Oratory of S Thomas Aquinas
663:Marinazzo, Adriano (2010).
2059:
1760:Maggio Musicale Fiorentino
1476:Kunsthistorisches Institut
1314:S Giovannino dei Cavalieri
1309:S Giovannino degli Scolopi
1269:Oratory of Gesù Pellegrino
1249:Battistero di San Giovanni
1219:Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel
1110:
979:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo
689:. (London: Zwemmer, 1993).
367:di Maria, was designed by
1773:
1755:Calcio storico fiorentino
405:
156:
48:
37:
1897:Ospedale degli Innocenti
1666:Orto Botanico di Firenze
1486:National Central Library
1021:Ospedale degli Innocenti
964:Loggia del Mercato Nuovo
406:Ospedale degli Innocenti
333:Renaissance architecture
157:Ospedale degli Innocenti
86:Renaissance architecture
49:Ospedale degli Innocenti
38:Ospedale degli Innocenti
1903:Palazzo di Parte Guelfa
1851:Santo Spirito, Florence
1847:(1434–1437; unfinished)
1568:Piazza della Repubblica
1455:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
1264:Oratorio dei Vanchetoni
1085:Studiolo of Francesco I
1046:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
935:Galleria dell'Accademia
813:Architect and engineer,
391:History of the hospital
69:Spedale degli Innocenti
1451:Biblioteca Riccardiana
1349:S Salvatore al Vescovo
1299:S Frediano in Cestello
1063:Museo delle Porcellane
589:10.1542/peds.110.1.192
434:
400:
381:Ferdinand I of Tuscany
315:, in conjunction with
311:, in this case of the
278:
259:
222:
178:classical architecture
161:
108:
55:Italian pronunciation:
42:
2008:Hospitals in Florence
1924:(c. 1412; attributed)
1853:(ground broken, 1446)
1839:San Lorenzo, Florence
1778:Districts of Florence
1748:Events and traditions
1588:Piazzale Michelangelo
1573:Piazza della Signoria
1339:S Martino del Vescovo
852:43.77639°N 11.26111°E
637:The Macmillan Company
549:Brunelleschi, Filippo
432:
398:
271:Adoration of the Magi
269:
258:
204:
153:
129:Adoration of the Magi
106:
94:Piazza SS. Annunziata
35:
1825:Filippo Brunelleschi
1712:del Poggio Imperiale
1707:Medicea L'Ambrogiana
1540:Teatro della Pergola
1324:S Maria degli Angeli
1254:Certosa del Galluzzo
1070:Palazzo Spini Feroni
949:Garden of Archimedes
788:"A Room With a View"
727:Della Robbia, Andrea
683:Filippo Brunelleschi
354:The insignia of the
275:Domenico Ghirlandaio
244:, with a triangular
133:Domenico Ghirlandaio
78:Filippo Brunelleschi
2038:Orphanages in Italy
1671:Parco delle Cascine
1661:Giardino delle Rose
1502:Fountain of Neptune
1466:Gabinetto Vieusseux
1192:S Maria del Carmine
1036:Palazzo Della Stufa
848: /
349:Andrea della Robbia
301:Gothic architecture
189:Andrea della Robbia
1857:Florence Cathedral
1656:Giardino dell'Iris
1609:Via de' Tornabuoni
1583:Piazza San Lorenzo
1578:Piazza Santa Croce
1507:Giotto's Campanile
1481:Laurentian Library
1435:Giotto's Campanile
1364:S Stefano al Ponte
1319:S Jacopo sopr'Arno
1204:S Miniato al Monte
954:Loggia del Bigallo
857:43.77639; 11.26111
681:Eugenio Battisti.
486:A Room with a View
435:
401:
279:
260:
223:
162:
109:
43:
1975:
1974:
1952:6055 Brunelleschi
1890:Secular buildings
1791:
1790:
1783:Trams in Florence
1765:Scoppio del carro
1639:Gardens and parks
1630:Fortezza da Basso
1512:Monument to Dante
1420:dei Gianfigliazzi
1388:
1387:
1359:Ss Simone e Giuda
1175:Tornabuoni Chapel
1146:Baroncelli Chapel
1031:Palazzo Davanzati
792:Project Gutenberg
712:Michele Furnari.
443:Cosimo de' Medici
439:Vincenzo Borghini
413:during the early
242:tabernacle window
217:, Sant'Agostino,
121:Sandro Botticelli
117:Luca della Robbia
113:Early Renaissance
98:Guild of Florence
16:(Redirected from
2050:
2043:Loggias in Italy
1968:(2016 TV series)
1960:(Mercury crater)
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1563:Piazza del Duomo
1334:S Maria Maggiore
1244:Badia Fiorentina
1197:Brancacci Chapel
1126:
1116:
969:Loggia del Pesce
959:Loggia dei Lanzi
890:
883:
876:
867:
863:
862:
860:
859:
858:
853:
849:
846:
845:
844:
841:
816:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
783:
777:
776:
748:
731:
730:
723:
717:
710:
704:
703:
696:
690:
679:
673:
672:
660:
654:
647:
641:
640:
628:
622:
621:
615:
607:
605:
603:
568:
553:
552:
545:
536:
535:
528:
445:, Grand Duke of
408:
407:
305:Loggia dei Lanzi
282:Building history
159:
158:
127:, as well as an
61:
56:
51:
50:
40:
39:
21:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1935:
1908:
1885:
1862:
1841:(begun c. 1419)
1827:
1822:
1792:
1787:
1769:
1743:
1675:
1646:Bardini Gardens
1634:
1613:
1592:
1549:
1535:Teatro Comunale
1521:
1490:
1470:Palazzo Strozzi
1439:
1415:dei Della Bella
1410:dei Belfredelli
1384:
1380:Great Synagogue
1368:
1230:
1224:Sassetti Chapel
1170:S Maria Novella
1122:Religious sites
1117:
1108:
1102:Vasari Corridor
1092:Stibbert Museum
1080:Palazzo Vecchio
1075:Palazzo Strozzi
974:Loggia Rucellai
925:Casa Buonarroti
912:
903:
894:
856:
854:
850:
847:
842:
839:
837:
835:
834:
825:
820:
819:
810:
806:
796:
794:
785:
784:
780:
750:
749:
734:
725:
724:
720:
711:
707:
698:
697:
693:
680:
676:
662:
661:
657:
648:
644:
630:
629:
625:
608:
601:
599:
570:
569:
556:
547:
546:
539:
530:
529:
525:
520:
508:
476:
393:
373:mendicant order
364:
341:
313:composite order
293:
284:
233:Saint Augustine
227:Benozzo Gozzoli
212:Saint Augustine
206:Benozzo Gozzoli
166:Composite order
148:
125:Piero di Cosimo
82:Arte della Seta
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1932:(c. 1410–1415)
1925:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1874:Capponi Chapel
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:Boboli Gardens
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1393:Towers (Torri)
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:Medici Chapels
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1006:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
945:
944:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
905:
904:
895:
893:
892:
885:
878:
870:
832:
831:
824:
823:External links
821:
818:
817:
804:
778:
765:10.1086/245487
759:(2): 230–270.
732:
718:
705:
691:
674:
655:
642:
623:
583:(1): 175–180.
554:
537:
522:
521:
519:
516:
515:
514:
507:
504:
503:
502:
495:
483:'s 1908 novel
475:
472:
392:
389:
363:
360:
340:
337:
292:
289:
283:
280:
147:
144:
64:Tuscan dialect
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2055:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:Medici villas
1685:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1517:Ponte Vecchio
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:degli Alberti
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:SS Annunziata
1180:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:Palazzo Pitti
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Palazzo Gondi
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Museo Galileo
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
943:
942:
938:
937:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
886:
884:
879:
877:
872:
871:
868:
864:
861:
830:
827:
826:
822:
814:
808:
805:
793:
789:
782:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
733:
728:
722:
719:
715:
709:
706:
701:
695:
692:
688:
684:
678:
675:
670:
666:
659:
656:
652:
646:
643:
638:
634:
627:
624:
619:
613:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
555:
550:
544:
542:
538:
533:
527:
524:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
500:
496:
493:
489:
487:
482:
481:E. M. Forster
478:
477:
473:
471:
467:
465:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
431:
427:
424:
418:
416:
412:
397:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
361:
359:
357:
352:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
329:pietra serena
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
290:
288:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
257:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
238:San Gimignano
235:
234:
228:
221:
220:
219:San Gimignano
214:
213:
207:
203:
199:
197:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
152:
145:
143:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
70:
65:
60:
52:
34:
30:
19:
1963:
1958:Brunelleschi
1927:
1919:
1899:(begun 1419)
1896:
1880:Pazzi Chapel
1876:(begun 1420)
1545:Teatro Verdi
1425:dei Mannelli
1400:degli Amidei
1279:Orsanmichele
1151:Pazzi Chapel
1020:
1016:Orsanmichele
940:
833:
812:
807:
795:. Retrieved
791:
781:
756:
752:
726:
721:
713:
708:
699:
694:
686:
682:
677:
668:
658:
645:
639:. p. 6.
635:. New York:
632:
626:
612:cite journal
600:. Retrieved
580:
576:
548:
531:
526:
484:
468:
460:
456:
436:
419:
402:
365:
353:
342:
294:
285:
261:
250:
248:on the top.
230:
224:
216:
209:
163:
137:
110:
68:
67:
46:
44:
29:
1947:Perspective
1921:Saint Peter
1882:(1442–1443)
1729:Il Gioiello
1692:di Castello
1344:S Pancrazio
1289:Ss Apostoli
1051:Magi Chapel
913:and palaces
911:, galleries
855: /
602:16 February
451:Benedictine
415:Renaissance
385:Giambologna
215:(1464–1465)
92:facing the
41:, Florence.
1982:Categories
1954:(asteroid)
1913:Sculptures
1702:di Careggi
1697:La Petraia
1604:Via Cavour
1294:S Felicita
1284:S Ambrogio
1259:Ognissanti
1004:La Specola
930:Casa Guidi
843:11°15′40″E
840:43°46′35″N
577:Pediatrics
518:References
423:wet nursed
297:Romanesque
231:Burial of
210:Burial of
182:terracotta
1734:La Pietra
1719:Gamberaia
1625:Belvedere
1495:Landmarks
1430:dei Pulci
1304:S Gaetano
1214:S Trinita
1209:S Spirito
1158:S Lorenzo
1129:Basilicas
797:19 August
773:144616730
437:In 1552,
339:The tondi
317:dosserets
299:and late
196:pilasters
1929:Crucifix
1832:Churches
1739:Rusciano
1527:Theatres
1236:Churches
920:Bargello
901:Florence
671:: 86–87.
597:12093967
506:See also
411:Florence
309:capitals
246:pediment
185:roundels
168:, in an
74:Florence
1940:Related
1867:Chapels
1724:I Tatti
1597:Streets
1555:Squares
1444:Library
1354:S Salvi
1187:S Marco
1141:S Croce
909:Museums
897:Tourism
447:Tuscany
229:of the
66:as the
1965:Medici
1680:Villas
1097:Uffizi
771:
595:
532:arcade
492:Giotto
474:Legacy
321:arches
291:Design
198:.
193:fluted
174:loggia
170:arcade
146:Façade
123:, and
90:loggia
1618:Forts
1373:Other
941:David
769:S2CID
345:tondo
325:domes
799:2020
618:link
604:2007
593:PMID
497:The
464:lire
403:The
45:The
899:in
761:doi
585:doi
581:110
479:In
273:by
172:or
131:by
1984::
790:.
767:.
757:69
755:.
735:^
667:.
614:}}
610:{{
591:.
579:.
575:.
557:^
540:^
335:.
208:,
142:.
135:.
119:,
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1472:)
1468:(
1457:)
1453:(
889:e
882:t
875:v
801:.
775:.
763::
653:.
620:)
606:.
587::
488:,
277:.
53:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
