50:
738:
migrant workers. Verlan has served as a language bridge between many of these diverse communities, and its popularity encouraged its spread into advertising, film scripts, French rap and hip-hop music, media, and some French dictionaries. In some cases, Verlanned words have even supplanted their original forms.
737:
meaning "reverse." Documented initially in the 19th century, Verlan was used as a coded language by criminals in effort to conceal illicit activities from others, including police. Over time, particularly in the late 20th century, its use has proliferated in suburban areas predominantly inhabited by
554:
Pig Latin is known as
Kontinkieli ("container language"). After each word you add the word kontti "container", then switch the first syllables, So every sentence is converted to twice as many pseudo-words. For example,"wikipedia" ⟶ "wikipedia kontti" ⟶ "kokipedia wintti". So converting the sentence
256:
An 1866 article describes a "hog latin" that has some similarities to current Pig Latin. The article says, "He adds as many new letters as the boys in their 'hog latin,' which is made use of to mystify eavesdroppers. A boy asking a friend to go with him says, 'Wig-ge you-ge go-ge wig-ge me-ge?' The
1085:
The consensus seems to be that the version of Pig Latin we know today was born sometime in the 20th century. In 1919 Columbia records released an album with Arthur Fields singing "Pig Latin Love". The
Subtitle "I-Yay Ove-Lay oo-yay earie-day" indicates that this is the modern form of Pig Latin we
460:
An alternative convention for words beginning with vowel sounds, one moves the initial vowel(s) along with the first consonant or consonant cluster. This usually only works for words with more than one syllable and offers a more unique variant of the words in keeping with the mysterious,
1086:
recognize today. I was able to scrounge up a photograph of the 1919 sheet music on eBay. Below the Pig Latin subtitle is the translation, "(I love you dearie)", suggesting that perhaps this form of Pig Latin hadn't taken root among the general public yet.
491:
Pig Latin is mainly used for fun. It can also be used by children or young adults to hide conversation. For example, a conversation between two people in the presence of an unwanted other may consist of: "ehay isway eryvay illysay" = "he is very silly".
279:
January 1895 also included a mention of the subject: "They all spoke a queer jargon which they themselves had invented. It was something like the well-known 'pig Latin' that all sorts of children like to play with."
211:
unrelated to Latin, and the name is used for its
English connotations as a strange and foreign-sounding language. It is most often used by young children as a fun way to confuse people unfamiliar with Pig Latin.
270:
in May 1869: "I had plenty of ammunition in reserve, to say nothing, Tom, of our pig Latin. 'Hoggibus, piggibus et shotam damnabile grunto,' and all that sort of thing," although the jargon is dog Latin.
353:. The film, the third highest grossing of that year, was inducted into the National Film Registry and that song included in the all-time top 100 movie songs by the American Film Institute.
1418:
1048:
360:
A 1947 newspaper question and answer column describes the pig Latin as we understand it today. It describes moving the first letter to the end of a word and then adding "ay".
1496:
Vaux, Bert and Andrew Nevins. 2003. "Underdetermination in language games: Survey and analysis of Pig Latin dialects." Linguistic
Society of America Annual Meeting, Atlanta.
319:
attempts to impress a woman with his skill in Pig Latin, but it turns out that she knows it, too. No explanation of the rules is given. A few months prior in 1934, in the
432:
When words begin with consonant clusters (multiple consonants that form one sound), the whole sound is moved to the end (before adding "ay") when speaking or writing.
1133:
1077:
188:(usually -ay or /eÉŞ/) to create such a suffix. For example, Knowledge (XXG) would become Ikipediaway (taking the 'W' and 'ay' to create a suffix).
1216:
1189:
1269:
1243:
133:
357:
ends his song "When My Baby Double Talks To Me" with the phrase, "What a aybybay", where the last word is Pig Latin for "baby".
71:
1520:
1381:
1179:
114:
1206:
86:
1074:
1515:
230:
67:
60:
1159:
483:
of some words may be a little difficult for beginners, but people can easily understand Pig Latin with practice.
418:
sounds, the initial consonant is moved to the end of the word, then "ay" is added, as in the following examples:
93:
1459:
Barlow, Jessica. 2001. "Individual differences in the production of initial consonant sequences in Pig Latin."
1259:
1233:
606:" (/shatro-vachki/) and was used in crime-related and street language. For instance, the Balkan slang name for
1029:
1005:"What exactly is Pig Latin, is it a language? And how is it a mystery? - Everything After Z by Dictionary.com"
729:, in which the order of the syllables within a word is inverted, is also widely used. The term "verlan" is an
622:(brate) turns to tebra. In the past few years it has become widely used between teenage immigrants in former
446:
For words that begin with vowel sounds, one just adds "hay", "way", "nay" or "yay" to the end. Examples are:
1525:
1510:
1419:"Backward runs French. Reels the mind. Verlan, a kind of code among immigrants, both confuses and intrigues"
100:
525:
501:
311:
591:, the encoding used is 'bi' after the first syllable, e.g. "mina" ('me' in English) would be "mibina".
340:
528:. A characteristic of the Mattenenglisch Pig Latin is the complete substitution of the first vowel by
82:
654:, the leading consonant cluster is moved to the end of the word (as in Pig Latin) and replaced by an
349:
266:
524:. Though Mattenenglisch has fallen out of use since the mid-20th century, it is still cultivated by
564:
387:
291:. The song, called "Pig Latin Love", is followed by the subtitle "I-Yay Ove-Lay oo-yay earie-day".
555:"I love you" ("Minä rakastan sinua") would result in "konä mintti kokastan rantti konua sintti".
297:
258:
1265:
1239:
1212:
1185:
588:
292:
178:
1461:
1393:
730:
569:
559:
551:
540:
476:
284:
162:
603:
1081:
629:
595:
380:
309:
how to use it, thereby conveying the rules to the audience. In an earlier (1934) episode,
158:
689:
1346:
1285:
1096:
509:
344:
196:
107:
38:
1504:
577:
544:
532:, in addition to the usual moving of the initial consonant cluster and the adding of
517:
480:
336:
329:
306:
288:
150:
354:
275:
634:
225:
192:
49:
1050:
Sound and Sense (in "The Galaxy: A Magazine of
Entertaining Reading, Volume 1")
741:
Here are some French words that have been
Verlanned and their English meaning:
623:
573:
401:
325:
316:
302:
257:
other, replying in the negative says, 'Noge, Ige woge.' ". This is similar to
31:
733:
example of the process it describes, derived from inverting the syllables of
607:
415:
221:
174:
220:
Early mentions of Pig Latin or Hog Latin describe what we would today call
1397:
1359:
1309:
1004:
393:
374:
287:
album containing what sounds like the modern variation, by a singer named
321:
200:
185:
170:
17:
1489:
McCarthy, John. 1991. "Reduplicative
Infixation in Secret Languages" .
1323:
1164:
1101:
619:
611:
599:
505:
363:
Two Pig Latin words that have entered mainstream
American English are "
182:
610:(trava – meaning "grass") turns to "vutra"; the Balkan slang name for
366:
1436:
Davis, J.J. (Autumn 2004). "Autumn, 2004, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p7, 2 p".
725:
680:
615:
208:
166:
646:) coded language, which supposedly was originally used by butchers (
581:
241:
Go to; thou hast it ad dungill, at the fingers' ends, as they say.
204:
154:
521:
1468:
Cowan, Nelson. 1989. "Acquisition of Pig Latin: A Case Study."
543:
equivalent of Pig Latin is
Fikonspråket ("Fig language" – see
43:
333:, Spanky tries to speak to an Asian boy by using Pig Latin.
500:
In the German-speaking area, varieties of Pig Latin include
461:
unrecognizable sounds of the converted words. Examples are:
1384:
Larlépem largomuche du louchébem. Parler l'argot du boucher
1181:
Secret
Language: Codes, Tricks, Spies, Thieves, and Symbols
1261:
McGraw-Hill Education 3 MCAT Practice Tests, Third Edition
195:
from others not familiar with the rules. The reference to
692:. A few louchébem words have become usual French words:
224:, a type of parody Latin. Examples of this predate even
594:
Another equivalent of Pig Latin is used throughout the
658:, and then a suffix is added at the end of the word (-
1477:
Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research
1392:(in French). 90 n° 1. Parlures argotiques: 113–125.
475:Sentence structure remains the same as it would in
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
283:The modern version of Pig Latin appears in a 1919
1475:Day, R. 1973. "On learning 'secret languages.'"
584:, in which the order of syllables is reversed.
236:
246:O, I smell false Latine; dunghill for unguem.
181:of a word to the end of the word and adding a
1134:"Answers to Questions - The Haskins' Service"
545:Language game § List of common language games
399:
391:
372:
364:
8:
295:used it on multiple occasions, most notably
165:are altered, usually by adding a fabricated
1286:"Useful phrases in Pig Latin (IgpaAtinlay)"
1235:QPB Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins
406:", meaning "go away" or "get out of here".
614:(belo – meaning "white") turns to lobe, a
371:" or "icksnay", the Pig Latin version of "
670:, etc., depending on the word). Example:
572:, a similar language variation is called
264:Another early mention of the name was in
251:Love's Labour's Lost, William Shakespeare
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
1360:"LARGONJI : DĂ©finition de LARGONJI"
1324:"Matteänglisch-Club Bärn - Wer wir sind"
743:
996:
602:. It is called "Ĺ atra" (/sha-tra/)or "
234:, includes a reference to dog Latin:
7:
1380:Françoise Robert l'Argenton (1991).
1009:Everything After Z by Dictionary.com
72:adding citations to reliable sources
1264:. McGraw Hill Professional. 2017.
30:For the programming language, see
25:
1030:"What's the origin of pig Latin?"
1417:Stille, Alexander (2002-08-17).
203:; Pig Latin is simply a form of
48:
343:" in pig Latin in an elaborate
59:needs additional citations for
1482:Haycock, Arthur. "Pig Latin."
1117:Trippy Ginger Rogers Pig Latin
1075:Where did Pig Latin come from?
678:. Similar coded languages are
386:), which is used as a general
347:production number in the film
1:
1140:. 28 January 1947. p. 12
1232:Hendrickson, Robert (1998).
723:Similarly, the French argot
618:(pištolj) turns to štoljpi,
568:uses a similar encoding; in
1542:
504:, which originated around
414:For words that begin with
191:The objective is often to
36:
29:
1470:Journal of Child Language
1160:Oxford English Dictionary
400:
392:
379:" (itself a borrowing of
373:
365:
1310:"How to Speak Pig Latin"
1205:Miller, D. Gary (2014).
1178:Blake, Barry J. (2010).
1047:Wakeman, George (1886).
37:Not to be confused with
598:-speaking parts of the
471:"another" = "otheranay"
436:"friends" = "iendsfray"
526:voluntary associations
453:"omelet" = "omeletway"
254:
1398:10.3406/lfr.1991.6200
1328:www.matteaenglisch.ch
1208:English Lexicogenesis
576:. Spanish as used in
512:that was used in the
468:"omelet" = "eletomay"
442:"string" = "ingstray"
428:"banana" = "ananabay"
312:Three Little Pigskins
301:, a 1938 short where
1521:English-based argots
580:has a further form,
350:Gold Diggers of 1933
231:Love's Labour's Lost
68:improve this article
819:it makes one angry
690:fr:Javanais (argot)
565:alfabeto farfallino
465:"every" = "eryevay"
439:"smile" = "ilesmay"
425:"latin" = "atinlay"
228:, whose 1598 play,
216:Origins and history
1423:The New York Times
1080:2016-01-29 at the
1072:I Always Wondered:
516:, the traditional
502:Kedelkloppersprook
496:In other languages
398:", Pig Latin for "
341:We're in the Money
305:attempts to teach
298:Tassels in the Air
161:in which words in
1516:Classical ciphers
1238:. Facts on File.
1218:978-0-19-968988-0
1191:978-0-19-161471-2
1034:The Straight Dope
988:
987:
716:(on the quiet) =
339:sang a verse of "
293:The Three Stooges
267:Putnam's Magazine
193:conceal the words
179:consonant cluster
169:or by moving the
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
1533:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1390:Langue Française
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1290:www.omniglot.com
1282:
1276:
1275:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1175:
1169:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1087:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1001:
951:pool (swimming)
744:
520:neighborhood of
456:"are" = "areway"
450:"eat" = "eatway"
405:
404:
397:
396:
378:
377:
370:
369:
285:Columbia Records
252:
199:is a deliberate
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1484:American Speech
1455:
1450:
1449:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1082:Wayback Machine
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1002:
998:
993:
650:in French). In
498:
489:
422:"pig" = "igpay"
412:
253:
250:
242:
218:
140:
129:
123:
120:
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1526:Cant languages
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:Language games
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1428:
1409:
1372:
1351:
1339:
1315:
1301:
1277:
1270:
1251:
1244:
1224:
1217:
1211:. OUP Oxford.
1197:
1190:
1184:. OUP Oxford.
1170:
1151:
1125:
1108:
1088:
1064:
1039:
1021:
995:
994:
992:
989:
986:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
935:
931:
930:
927:
924:
920:
919:
916:
913:
909:
908:
905:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
880:
876:
875:
872:
869:
865:
864:
861:
858:
854:
853:
850:
847:
843:
842:
839:
836:
832:
831:
828:
825:
821:
820:
817:
814:
810:
809:
806:
803:
799:
798:
795:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:
773:
770:
766:
765:
762:
759:
755:
754:
751:
748:
510:Mattenenglisch
497:
494:
488:
485:
473:
472:
469:
466:
458:
457:
454:
451:
444:
443:
440:
437:
430:
429:
426:
423:
411:
408:
345:Busby Berkeley
248:
217:
214:
142:
141:
124:September 2018
56:
54:
47:
39:Pidgin English
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1538:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1495:
1493:25.101:11-29.
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1472:16.2:365-386.
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1349:. folklore.ee
1348:
1343:
1340:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1271:9781259859632
1267:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1245:9780965379458
1241:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1139:
1138:Reading Eagle
1135:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1053:. p. 638
1052:
1051:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
990:
983:
980:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
943:
939:
936:
933:
932:
928:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
911:
910:
906:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
867:
866:
862:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
844:
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
823:
822:
818:
815:
812:
811:
807:
804:
801:
800:
796:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
779:
778:
775:black person
774:
771:
769:Black (Eng.)
768:
767:
763:
760:
757:
756:
752:
749:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
728:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:langue de feu
683:
682:
677:
674:(how much) =
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
579:
578:Latin America
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
556:
553:
548:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:working-class
515:
511:
508:harbour, and
507:
503:
495:
493:
487:Current usage
486:
484:
482:
481:Pronunciation
478:
470:
467:
464:
463:
462:
455:
452:
449:
448:
447:
441:
438:
435:
434:
433:
427:
424:
421:
420:
419:
417:
409:
407:
403:
395:
389:
385:
382:
376:
368:
361:
358:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
338:
337:Ginger Rogers
334:
332:
331:
330:Washee Ironee
327:
324:
323:
318:
314:
313:
308:
307:Curley Howard
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
289:Arthur Fields
286:
281:
278:
277:
272:
269:
268:
262:
260:
247:
245:
240:
235:
233:
232:
227:
223:
215:
213:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:language game
148:
138:
135:
127:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
27:Language game
19:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1465:111:667-696.
1460:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1422:
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1389:
1383:
1375:
1364:. Retrieved
1354:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1304:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1260:
1254:
1234:
1227:
1207:
1200:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1137:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1100:
1091:
1071:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1049:
1042:
1036:. June 2004.
1033:
1024:
1013:. Retrieved
1011:. 2010-10-05
1008:
999:
740:
734:
724:
722:
717:
713:
709:
706:portefeuille
705:
701:
697:
693:
685:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
628:
593:
586:
563:
557:
549:
538:
533:
529:
513:
499:
490:
474:
459:
445:
431:
413:
383:
362:
359:
355:Merle Travis
348:
335:
328:
320:
310:
296:
282:
276:The Atlantic
274:
273:
265:
263:
259:LĂngua do PĂŞ
255:
243:
238:
237:
229:
219:
190:
146:
145:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1479:34:141-150.
1144:13 December
1097:"- YouTube"
1057:13 December
813:fais chier
731:autological
708:(wallet) =
676:lombienquès
626:countries.
624:Yugoslavian
244:Holofernes:
226:Shakespeare
173:or initial
83:"Pig Latin"
1505:Categories
1453:References
1403:2014-03-10
1366:2014-03-10
1362:. Cnrtl.fr
1333:2024-06-21
1295:2017-01-03
1015:2018-08-27
984:go for it
816:fais iech
718:en loucedé
710:larfeuille
702:louftingue
696:(crazy) =
652:loucherbem
635:loucherbem
604:Ĺ atrovaÄŤki
574:Jeringonza
326:short film
317:Larry Fine
303:Moe Howard
94:newspapers
32:Apache Pig
868:l'envers
735:l'envers,
640:louchébem
608:marijuana
416:consonant
222:Dog Latin
175:consonant
147:Pig Latin
18:Pig latin
1491:Langages
1438:Verbatim
1078:Archived
962:corrupt
945:piscine
923:musique
874:reverse
794:jourbon
791:bonjour
786:blocked
758:bizarre
753:English
714:en douce
698:loufoque
644:largonji
632:has the
589:Estonian
388:negative
322:Our Gang
249:—
239:Costard:
201:misnomer
186:syllable
1486:8:3.81.
1347:Bi keel
1121:YouTube
1102:YouTube
970:keutru
956:pourri
948:cinepi
940:father
907:mother
882:chelou
879:louche
871:verlan
860:barjot
857:jobard
802:classe
780:bloqué
750:Verlan
747:French
672:combien
648:boucher
612:cocaine
600:Balkans
570:Spanish
560:Italian
552:Finnish
541:Swedish
506:Hamburg
477:English
394:amscray
390:; and "
183:vocalic
163:English
108:scholar
1462:Lingua
1268:
1242:
1215:
1188:
978:vas-y
973:stuff
959:ripou
929:music
926:sicmu
918:train
915:tromé
912:métro
885:shady
863:crazy
852:crazy
830:woman
824:femme
808:class
805:secla
797:hello
783:kéblo
772:kebla
764:weird
761:zarbi
726:verlan
681:verlan
630:French
616:pistol
596:Slavic
562:, the
384:nichts
381:German
209:jargon
167:suffix
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
991:Notes
981:zyva
967:truc
937:reup
934:père
904:reum
901:mère
893:keum
838:keuf
835:flic
827:meuf
688:(see
642:, or
582:Vesre
514:Matte
410:Rules
402:scram
367:ixnay
205:argot
197:Latin
171:onset
157:, or
155:argot
149:is a
115:JSTOR
101:books
1444:: 7.
1266:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1166:s.v.
1146:2015
1059:2015
896:man
890:mec
849:ouf
846:fou
841:cop
684:and
668:oque
660:oche
638:(or
550:The
539:The
522:Bern
159:cant
87:news
1394:doi
700:or
694:fou
666:, -
662:, -
620:bro
587:In
558:In
547:).
375:nix
207:or
177:or
70:by
1507::
1442:29
1440:.
1421:.
1388:.
1326:.
1288:.
1163:,
1136:.
1119:.
1099:.
1032:.
1007:.
720:.
712:,
704:,
664:em
536:.
534:ee
479:.
315:,
261:.
153:,
1425:.
1406:.
1396::
1386:"
1382:"
1369:.
1336:.
1312:.
1298:.
1274:.
1248:.
1221:.
1194:.
1148:.
1105:.
1061:.
1018:.
656:L
530:i
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
