368:) said it represents "a serious challenge for mainstream academics and journalists to start to ask substantial questions about 9/11". When asked whether he agreed with the conclusions of the book, Robinson stated "My position, as has been the case for some time, is that demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt that significant parts of the official narrative are very likely to be incorrect" and "It is no longer tenable for academics and journalists to avoid asking probing questions about the possible involvement of state actors in the 9/11 attacks. 9/11 requires further analysis and investigation and this is a position I share with many other academics."
340:, he argued that "sympathetic news coverage at key moments in foreign crises can influence the response of Western governments." In Robinson's framework, which focused on "the type of media coverage a crisis attracts and on level of policy certainty within the establishment in relation to the crisis", a strong CNN effect requires two conditions: 1) media coverage that is highly critical of national policy, while simultaneously emphatically reporting on civilians and refugees, and 2) policy makers in a state of indecision with no clear policy regarding use of force. In terms of this framework, Robinson characterised the
1374:
1351:
292:
He has said western governments frequently manipulate the media through "deception involving exaggeration, omission and misdirection". As evidence of government use of propaganda he cited Tony Blair's suggestion that the "war on terror" would require a "dedicated tightly knit propaganda unit". In "The
Propaganda Model: Still Relevant Today" he examined the
291:
Robinson has argued that
Western news media and their respective governments act in concert, especially in the area of foreign affairs. He puts this down to "overreliance on government officials as news sources, economic constraints, the imperatives of big business and good old-fashioned patriotism".
440:
academic Yasser Munif criticized
Robinson's stances on Syria, arguing that it "completely denies the agency of the Arab population, perceives anything happening in the region as a form of conspiracy... thinks Arabs have to be manipulated and funded and told exactly what to do – it’s completely
588:
British academic Piers
Robinson, who has long written about political journalism, says that 'a substantial body of research conducted over many decades highlights the proximity between western news media and their respective governments, especially in the realm of foreign
453:
and says Russia has been blamed to distract from the West's "aggressive regime change strategy" in the Middle East. He said that there is no persuasive evidence showing Russia conducted any significant propaganda campaign to influence the 2016 US presidential election.
335:
Robinson has studied the CNN effect, a term that refers to the "influence that televised images and news coverage exercise on foreign policy decisions, especially during military interventions and humanitarian crises." In his 2002 book,
957:
380:
to increase the perceived threat posed by Iraq. Robinson conducted a study of UK media coverage which concluded that most UK mainstream media reinforced official views rather than challenged them.
118:
409:
1213:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1105:
1005:
401:
247:
314:
1419:
239:
731:
341:
891:
1046:
1399:
1153:
1019:
853:
826:
770:
615:
581:
546:
522:
494:
450:
1186:
870:
972:
463:
918:
1072:
393:
413:
348:
as exemplifying a strong CNN effect. If either condition is missing, influence on policy makers' attitudes is likely to be weak.
958:"Briefing note on the final report of the OPCW Fact-Finding Mission on the alleged chemical attack in Douma in April 2018"
376:
Robinson has paid particular attention to the role of the US and UK governments in manipulating intelligence prior to the
570:
Rampa, Kuldip R. (5 July 2019). "Global News and
Information Flow in the Digital Age". In Kamalipour, Yahya R. (ed.).
787:
699:
397:
271:
180:
154:
275:
267:
190:
175:
1394:
405:
377:
259:
185:
106:
1389:
1119:
162:
449:
Robinson has argued that there is no persuasive evidence to implicate the
Russian government in the
365:
345:
1266:
1246:
1099:
999:
1161:
1127:
1080:
980:
892:"Professor Piers Robinson Teaches Journalism At A Top UK University. He's Also A 9/11 Truther"
849:
822:
816:
766:
611:
577:
542:
518:
490:
434:
361:
158:
943:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1254:
605:
417:
318:
297:
293:
135:
631:
238:. He is also a co-director of the Organisation for Propaganda Studies and a founder of the
1373:
1350:
437:
1365:
700:"Sheffield Uni Professor Leaves Post After Accusations of Promoting Conspiracy Theories"
1369:
1280:
389:
278:
until he left his post in 2019 citing "professional goals and personal circumstances".
514:
Pockets of resistance: British news media, war and theory in the 2003 invasion of Iraq
1383:
467:
274:
from 2005 to 2015. He was the chair in
Politics, Society and Political Journalism at
235:
1187:"This Professor Teaches Journalism At A Top UK University. He's Also A 9/11 Truther"
508:
309:
304:
and concluded that it is still useful in describing how the corporate media works.
301:
139:
1315:
1303:
843:
760:
571:
536:
512:
484:
1273:
1047:"James Le Mesurier: a reconstruction of his business activities and covert role"
1045:
McKeigue, Paul; Mason, Jake; Robinson, Piers; Miller, David (16 December 2019).
759:(2016). "The Propaganda Model: Still Relevant Today?". In Edgley, Alison (ed.).
653:
430:
732:"The British government has already forgotten the great dangers of propaganda"
676:
330:
243:
203:
101:
1327:
1165:
1131:
1084:
984:
422:
1258:
1020:"Mysterious death of White Helmets co-founder spotlights toxic propaganda"
416:. This has led to members of the group being described as "apologists for
470:'s leadership of the party had been exaggerated for political purposes.
1346:
1250:
218:
46:
1358:
871:"9/11 Unmasked by David Ray Griffin and Elizabeth Woodworth: A Review"
317:
to covertly support grassroots Muslim organisations as an example of
113:
944:"Propaganda Here and Now | The Centre for Freedom of the Media"
270:
from 1999 to 2005 and senior lecturer in international politics at
1071:
Haynes, Georgie Keate, Dominic
Kennedy, Krystina Shveda, Deborah.
845:
The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and
Intervention
486:
The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and
Intervention
338:
The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and Intervention
1342:
973:"To say Douma attack was staged is to enter an Orwellian world"
656:. Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media. 25 January 2018
388:
Robinson and other members of the SPM working group including
1154:"Academics accused of speaking for Assad condemn Syria raids"
234:(born 1970) is a British academic researcher in the field of
919:"Russian news may be biased – but so is much western media"
1214:"Sheffield University 'conspiracy theory' professor quits"
818:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives
266:. He was a lecturer in political communication at the
242:(SPM). He has authored a number of publications on the
1073:"Apologists for Assad working in British universities"
604:
Robinson, Piers; Seib, Philip; Frohlich, Romy (2016).
400:
have gained considerable attention for disputing the
410:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
313:, Robinson described the UK government's use of the
213:
199:
168:
150:
145:
131:
112:
100:
95:
83:
75:
52:
42:
30:
23:
607:Routledge Handbook of Media, Conflict and Security
538:Routledge Handbook of Media, Conflict and Security
573:Global Communication: A Multicultural Perspective
725:
723:
721:
402:use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War
248:use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War
246:. He has attracted criticism for disputing the
315:Research, Information and Communications Unit
8:
1104:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1051:Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media
1004:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
694:
692:
690:
688:
576:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 168–9.
426:, which compared them to Holocaust deniers.
240:Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media
1270:Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly
535:; Philip Seib; Romy Frohlich, eds. (2017).
1372:
1349:
599:
597:
20:
1415:Academics of the University of Manchester
1410:Academics of the University of Liverpool
1405:Academics of the University of Sheffield
464:anti-semitism inside the UK Labour Party
462:Robinson maintained that accusations of
562:
1097:
997:
886:
884:
869:Robinson, Piers (10 September 2018).
810:
808:
634:. Organisation for Propaganda Studies
632:"Organisation for Propaganda Studies"
7:
765:. London: Springer. pp. 77–96.
681:(PhD thesis). University of Bristol.
1420:Alumni of the University of Bristol
258:Robinson received his PhD from the
87:Organisation for Propaganda Studies
14:
1263:Canadian Journal of Communication
917:Robinson, Piers (2 August 2016).
815:Joseph, Paul (11 October 2016).
788:"The 'CNN Effect' Dies in Syria"
342:1994 NATO intervention in Bosnia
971:Blanchard, Georgie Keate, Sam.
842:Robinson, Piers (8 July 2005).
678:The News Media and Intervention
507:; Goddard, Peter; Parry, Katy;
264:The News Media and Intervention
120:The News Media and Intervention
786:Friedman, Uri (1 March 2018).
730:Robinson, Piers (3 May 2016).
262:in 2000, with a thesis titled
1:
412:, and extremist links of the
1400:British political scientists
1316:10.1080/17512786.2012.712766
1304:10.1080/1461670X.2012.691349
408:, alleging a coverup by the
272:The University of Manchester
16:British academic (born 1970)
1359:Robinson's webpage and blog
517:. Oxford University Press.
451:poisoning of Sergei Skripal
276:The University of Sheffield
38:1970 (age 53–54)
1436:
1277:Columbia Journalism Review
1268:; Douglas Blanks Hindman,
328:
1320:Media, War & Conflict
209:
91:
1368:publications indexed by
1328:10.1177/1750635212448027
675:Robinson, Piers (2000).
610:. Taylor & Francis.
181:University of Manchester
1120:"Assad's Useful Idiots"
429:In a consultation with
307:In an opinion piece in
268:University of Liverpool
191:University of Sheffield
176:University of Liverpool
404:, most notably in the
232:Piers Gregory Robinson
35:Piers Gregory Robinson
1306:; Phillip Knightley,
1292:Pockets of Resistance
821:. SAGE Publications.
474:Selected publications
378:2003 invasion of Iraq
372:2003 invasion of Iraq
356:Robinson's review of
260:University of Bristol
186:University of Chester
107:University of Bristol
1259:10.1093/afraf/adg078
364:(an adherent of the
287:Media and propaganda
254:Education and career
163:political journalism
84:Board member of
1318:; Philip Hammond,
1308:Journalism Practice
1294:: Greg McLaughlin,
366:9/11 truth movement
96:Academic background
1296:Journalism Studies
1212:Somerville, Ewan.
1026:. 24 December 2019
344:that followed the
282:Political research
155:Propaganda studies
1241:: Paul Williams,
1193:. 4 December 2018
855:978-1-134-51313-0
828:978-1-4833-5988-5
772:978-1-349-56778-2
617:978-1-317-91430-3
583:978-1-5381-2166-5
548:978-0-41-571291-0
524:978-1-84-779472-7
496:978-1-13-451314-7
435:Lebanese American
420:" in articles in
362:David Ray Griffin
229:
228:
159:political science
1427:
1376:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1330:
1288:
1282:
1275:; James Boylan,
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1003:
995:
993:
991:
968:
962:
961:
960:. 11 April 2019.
954:
948:
947:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
879:
878:
875:off-guardian.org
866:
860:
859:
839:
833:
832:
812:
803:
802:
800:
798:
783:
777:
776:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
727:
716:
715:
713:
711:
696:
683:
682:
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
628:
622:
621:
601:
592:
591:
567:
552:
528:
500:
458:British politics
384:Syrian Civil War
346:siege of Goražde
319:black propaganda
294:propaganda model
225:
222:
220:
136:Edward S. Herman
126:
21:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1380:
1379:
1357:
1356:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1289:
1285:
1261:; Jody Waters,
1243:African Affairs
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1013:
996:
989:
987:
970:
969:
965:
956:
955:
951:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
898:. 12 April 2018
890:
889:
882:
868:
867:
863:
856:
841:
840:
836:
829:
814:
813:
806:
796:
794:
785:
784:
780:
773:
757:Robinson, Piers
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
729:
728:
719:
709:
707:
706:. 17 April 2019
698:
697:
686:
674:
673:
669:
659:
657:
652:
651:
647:
637:
635:
630:
629:
625:
618:
603:
602:
595:
584:
569:
568:
564:
559:
549:
533:Robinson, Piers
531:
525:
505:Robinson, Piers
503:
497:
481:Robinson, Piers
479:
476:
460:
447:
438:Emerson College
386:
374:
354:
333:
327:
296:put forward by
289:
284:
256:
217:
195:
124:
71:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1370:Google Scholar
1366:Piers Robinson
1363:
1354:
1343:Piers Robinson
1338:
1337:External links
1335:
1332:
1331:
1283:
1239:The CNN Effect
1230:
1204:
1178:
1152:Webster, Ben.
1144:
1111:
1063:
1037:
1011:
963:
949:
935:
909:
880:
861:
854:
834:
827:
804:
778:
771:
748:
717:
684:
667:
645:
623:
616:
593:
582:
561:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
547:
529:
523:
501:
495:
475:
472:
459:
456:
446:
443:
406:Douma incident
390:Vanessa Beeley
385:
382:
373:
370:
353:
350:
326:
323:
288:
285:
283:
280:
255:
252:
227:
226:
215:
211:
210:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
170:
166:
165:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
133:
129:
128:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
56:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
34:
32:
28:
27:
25:Piers Robinson
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1432:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Living people
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1001:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
964:
959:
953:
950:
945:
939:
936:
924:
920:
913:
910:
897:
893:
887:
885:
881:
876:
872:
865:
862:
857:
851:
848:. Routledge.
847:
846:
838:
835:
830:
824:
820:
819:
811:
809:
805:
793:
789:
782:
779:
774:
768:
764:
763:
758:
752:
749:
737:
733:
726:
724:
722:
718:
705:
701:
695:
693:
691:
689:
685:
680:
679:
671:
668:
655:
649:
646:
633:
627:
624:
619:
613:
609:
608:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
579:
575:
574:
566:
563:
556:
550:
544:
541:. Routledge.
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
520:
516:
515:
510:
509:Murray, Craig
506:
502:
498:
492:
489:. Routledge.
488:
487:
482:
478:
477:
473:
471:
469:
468:Jeremy Corbyn
465:
457:
455:
452:
444:
442:
439:
436:
432:
427:
425:
424:
419:
415:
414:White Helmets
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
358:9/11 Unmasked
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
286:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:media studies
233:
224:
219:piersrobinson
216:
212:
208:
205:
202:
200:Notable ideas
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:Academic work
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
122:
121:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1223:24 September
1221:. Retrieved
1217:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1190:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1157:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1088:. Retrieved
1076:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:PBS NewsHour
1023:
1014:
988:. Retrieved
976:
966:
952:
938:
926:. Retrieved
923:The Guardian
922:
912:
900:. Retrieved
895:
874:
864:
844:
837:
817:
795:. Retrieved
792:The Atlantic
791:
781:
762:Noam Chomsky
761:
756:
751:
739:. Retrieved
736:The Guardian
735:
710:24 September
708:. Retrieved
703:
677:
670:
658:. Retrieved
648:
636:. Retrieved
626:
606:
587:
572:
565:
537:
532:
513:
504:
485:
480:
461:
448:
441:insulting."
428:
421:
398:David Miller
387:
375:
357:
355:
337:
334:
310:The Guardian
308:
306:
290:
263:
257:
231:
230:
169:Institutions
140:Noam Chomsky
119:
18:
1390:1970 births
1290:Reviews of
1237:Reviews of
704:HuffPost UK
431:HuffPost UK
394:Tim Hayward
79:Co-Director
53:Occupations
43:Nationality
1384:Categories
557:References
331:CNN effect
329:See also:
325:CNN effect
244:CNN effect
221:.wordpress
204:CNN effect
151:Discipline
132:Influences
102:Alma mater
1166:0140-0460
1158:The Times
1132:0140-0460
1124:The Times
1100:cite news
1085:0140-0460
1077:The Times
1000:cite news
985:0140-0460
977:The Times
928:4 October
741:4 October
654:"Members"
589:affairs'.
423:The Times
1191:HuffPost
896:HuffPost
511:(2010).
483:(2002).
62:Lecturer
59:Academic
1347:Twitter
1251:3518531
1197:3 April
466:during
302:Chomsky
214:Website
123: (
47:British
1249:
1171:28 May
1164:
1137:28 May
1130:
1090:27 May
1083:
1056:29 May
1030:29 May
990:28 May
983:
852:
825:
797:25 May
769:
660:12 May
638:12 May
614:
580:
545:
521:
493:
445:Russia
298:Herman
114:Thesis
68:Author
65:Writer
1247:JSTOR
1218:Forge
902:1 May
418:Assad
76:Title
1225:2019
1199:2022
1173:2020
1162:ISSN
1139:2020
1128:ISSN
1106:link
1092:2020
1081:ISSN
1058:2020
1032:2020
1006:link
992:2020
981:ISSN
930:2019
904:2020
850:ISBN
823:ISBN
799:2020
767:ISBN
743:2019
712:2019
662:2020
640:2020
612:ISBN
578:ISBN
543:ISBN
519:ISBN
491:ISBN
396:and
352:9/11
300:and
223:.com
125:2000
31:Born
1345:on
1324:doi
1312:doi
1300:doi
1255:doi
360:by
1386::
1322:,
1310:,
1298:,
1279:,
1272:,
1265:,
1253:,
1245:,
1216:.
1189:.
1160:.
1156:.
1126:.
1122:.
1102:}}
1098:{{
1079:.
1075:.
1049:.
1022:.
1002:}}
998:{{
979:.
975:.
921:.
894:.
883:^
873:.
807:^
790:.
734:.
720:^
702:.
687:^
596:^
586:.
433:,
392:,
321:.
250:.
161:,
157:,
138:,
1326::
1314::
1302::
1257::
1227:.
1201:.
1175:.
1141:.
1108:)
1094:.
1060:.
1034:.
1008:)
994:.
946:.
932:.
906:.
877:.
858:.
831:.
801:.
775:.
745:.
714:.
664:.
642:.
620:.
551:.
527:.
499:.
127:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.