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1937, which is still available today. The design reflects graphic organization and it is considered mass-production. The design was highly-progressive for its time. Zwart's
Bruynzeel Modular Kitchen was exhibited in Germany-Netherlands: Interactions 1920-1940 at the Haags Gemeentemuseum. This was an example of a 'rational kitchen.'
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In 1930, Piet Zwart was asked to design "The Book of PTT." The book was aimed at teaching school children how to use the Dutch postal service. Zwart looked at this as a way to "tickle their curiosity and encourage self reliance." The book was full of bright colors and it was meant to be exciting. He
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In 1930, Zwart was employed by the
Bruynzeel Company. First he designed their annual calendars and other commercial items. He helped with other areas of the company, too. He was the first to design a kitchen for mass production. Zwart is best known for his design of the Bruynzeel modular kitchen in
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aesthetic. In the early 1920s Zwart received his first typographic commissions from Laga, a flooring manufacturer. Zwart had no formal training in typography or printing, so he was uninhibited by the rules and methods of traditional professional practices. Zwart regarded typography as an important
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In the
Netherlands immediately before World War II, activity in the design field grew rapidly, calling for new solutions to functional problems. In 1938 Zwart's prefabricated kitchen consisting of independent units was brought out on the Dutch market, revolutionising kitchen interiors which also
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In 1920, he got an assignment from the flooring company
Vickers House. He made several advertisements for this client. “Zagen, boren, vijlen” (saws, drills and files) Zwart solved a practical print problem by assembling letters, blanks, and symbols from print houses.
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in the early 1920s, but, while working at the NKF, he realised how unaware he was of the terms and methods of printing. He didn't know the difference between lower and uppercase letters. An 18-year-old assistant at the NKF helped him learn the principles of
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created two main characters for the book: 'The Post' and 'J Self'. They were paper doll cut-outs that he photographed and then touched up with chalk, ink, and color pencil. Additionally, he used many different
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The Omega
Workshops by Judith Collins; The De Stijl Environment by Nancy Troy, Review by: Gillian Naylor, Design Issues, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Autumn, 1985), pp. 85–88, Published by: The MIT Press
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178:. He trained as an architect, and began graphic design projects at age 36. His training as an architect included designing furniture and interiors. He was influenced by the
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Sillevis, John, The Hague. Germany-Netherlands: Interactions 1920-1940, The
Burlington Magazine, Vol. 124, No. 951 (Jun., 1982), pp. 385–386+388
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Zwart began using photographic images in his compositions in 1926. He first worked with commercial photographers. Thus creating a balance between
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In 1923 Berlage introduced him to one of his relatives. the manager of the
Nederlandsche Kabelfabriek (NKF) at Delft. He had experimented with
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Industrial Design in the
Netherlands, Pieter Brattinga, Design Quarterly, No. 59, Industrial Design in the Netherlands (1964), pp. 1–25
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Industrial Design in the
Netherlands, Pieter Brattinga, Design Quarterly, No. 59, Industrial Design in the Netherlands (1964), pp. 1-25
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From 1919, while continuing to work as an independent designer, he began teaching at the
Rotterdam Academy of Visual Arts, now the
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Zwart was a member of the Ring neuer Werbegestalter which is an avant-garde group of advertisement designers.
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In 2000, Zwart was awarded the "Designer of the Century" award by the Association of Dutch Designers.
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art school in Germany, where, in 1929, he gave a series of guest lectures. Zwart was a member of
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movement, which focused on the essentials of form, colour and line, but later moved to a more
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Meggs, Philip B., Purvis, Alston W.History of Graphic Design. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2006
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Meggs, Philip B., Purvis, Alston W.History of Graphic Design. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2006
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of varying sizes and thicknesses. He was assisted in illustrating the book by
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Yvonne Brentjens, Piet Zwart vormingenieur, Waanders Uitgevers Zwolle (2008)
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Yvonne Brentjes, Piet Zwart vormingenieur, Waanders Uitgevers Zwolle, 2008
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807:* Fridolin Muller, Piet Zwart, Hastings House Publishers: New York, 1966
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Fridolin Muller, Piet Zwart, Hastings House Publishers: New York, 1966
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Sillevis, The Hague. Germany-Netherlands: Interactions 1920-1940, 386
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Piet Zwart Institute Willem de Kooning Academy Rotterdam University
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image. The photographs that he integrated into his work have high
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Piet Zwart (1885–1977). Form Engineer, Gemeente Museum, Den Haag.
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Piet Zwart (1885-1977). Form Engineer, Gemeente Museum, Den Haag.
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illustrated the creativity of mass-production of useful objects.
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Designer of the 20th Century by Association of Dutch Designers
153:; 28 May 1885 – 24 September 1977) was a Dutch photographer,
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Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Ambachts- en Nijverheidskunst
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From 1908 he taught drawing and art history lessons at the
254:(V.A.N.K.) the Dutch Association for Craft and Craft Art.
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Published by: The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd.
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Piet Zwart, advertising card for the Laga Company, 1922
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The Hague. Germany-Netherlands: Interactions 1920-1940
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Tudor, Sebastian, Visual Involved, November 24, 2010.
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Piet Zwart het Boek van PTT Typography Graphic Design
760:"Film. 12 monografieën over filmkunst - Piet Zwart"
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994:Piet Zwart Views of Manufacturing and Architecture
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266:. The book was finally published in 1938.
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216:Industrie- en Huishoudschool voor Meisjes
953:The Design Observer Group, June 24, 200
921:Piet Zwart, Piet Zwart, Focus Pub (1997)
174:Piet Zwart was born on May 28, 1885, in
599:(in Dutch) (Accessed: 15 January 2017).
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996:, held at the Getty Research Institute
693:"Homepage | Piet Zwart Institute"
284:Piet Zwart died in 1977, aged 92. The
201:Amsterdamse Hogeschool voor de Kunsten
1040:Delft University of Technology alumni
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741:"Piet Zwart : Design Is History"
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386:in 1919. Two years after working for
319:As a designer, and pioneer of modern
226:and returned to study, attending the
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288:of the Willem de Kooning Academy in
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881:Everything Must Change - Piet Zwart
370:Piet Zwart is mostly known for his
374:work. He started his career as an
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883:. Memphis Film & Television.
623:"Piet Zwart - iconofgraphics.com"
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390:, he worked with Dutch Architect
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205:Amsterdam University of the Arts
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232:Delft University of Technology
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1035:Academic staff of the Bauhaus
378:and draftsman and worked for
228:Technische Universiteit Delft
720:The Art Institute of Chicago
705:Collins, The Omega Workshops
895:Video describes Piet Simply
345:Monografieën over filmkunst
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1030:Dutch industrial designers
879:De Jesus, Sherman (2012).
347:(Monographs on Film Art).
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784:"20th Century Typography"
529:Zwart's Industrial Design
521:Ring Neuer Werbegestalter
244:Willem de Kooning Academy
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281:from this point onward.
209:Arts and Crafts movement
127:NKF Catalog, Book of PTT
16:Not to be confused with
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839:"Piet Zwart Collection"
94:Architect, photographer
627:www.iconofgraphics.com
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222:. In 1913 he moved to
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234:) from 1913 to 1914.
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989:at Wikimedia Commons
292:is named after him.
286:Piet Zwart Institute
150:[ˈpitˈsʋɑrt]
146:Dutch pronunciation:
745:designishistory.com
597:Kunstbus:Piet Zwart
468:Stained glass Gouda
394:for several years.
195:Zwart attended the
159:industrial designer
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724:. Retrieved
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716:"Piet Zwart"
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641:"Piet Zwart"
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465:Stamps 1931
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341:photomontage
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296:Design Style
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271:World War II
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264:Dick Elffers
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123:Notable work
112:photographer
69:(1977-09-24)
1015:1977 deaths
1010:1885 births
651:17 December
452:Stamps 1931
432:Photography
422:visual puns
407:NKF Catalog
155:typographer
103:Typographer
83:Nationality
52:28 May 1885
18:Zwarte Piet
1004:Categories
987:Piet Zwart
871:References
794:2011-08-30
769:2024-01-22
726:2024-01-22
647:(in Dutch)
513:Wilhelmina
497:Wilhelmina
482:Wilhelmina
413:typography
321:typography
238:Later life
220:Leeuwarden
170:Early life
142:Piet Zwart
48:1885-05-28
27:Piet Zwart
758:Grrr.nl.
388:Jans Wils
376:architect
290:Rotterdam
191:Education
165:Biography
91:Education
75:Wassenaar
446:contrast
418:printing
380:Jan Wils
360:De Stijl
333:De Stijl
224:Voorburg
180:De Stijl
176:Zaandijk
56:Zaandijk
964:YouTube
900:YouTube
672:YouTube
511:Design
392:Berlage
384:Berlage
248:Bauhaus
722:. 1885
542:Awards
157:, and
132:Awards
563:Zwart
550:Notes
499:stamp
484:stamp
331:and "
325:Delft
260:fonts
86:Dutch
653:2020
382:and
358:and
356:Dada
64:Died
42:Born
962:on
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645:RKD
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