1388:
2286:
222:
on
Ecology ... Cowles, with his superior knowledge of taxonomy and geology, understood more than the rest of us, and became so interested that he studied Danish and, long before any translation appeared, could read the book in the original ... The treatment of such sand dunes as Warming knew, started Henry on his study of the comparatively immense moving dunes south of the University
898:
Xerophyte - A plant that is able to grow where the water supply is small. Xerophytes are plants that are able to control the loss of water from their aërial parts. Xerophytes employ many different tools to control the loss of water, such as; waxy deposits, varnish, or mineral crusts on the epidermis;
221:
Charles J. Chamberlain, who attended
Coulter's lectures as a student and later joined the University of Chicago faculty, recalled in a memoir that ‘none of us could read Danish except a Danish student, who would translate a couple of chapters, and the next day Coulter would give a wonderful lecture
185:
It was
Eugenius Warming's Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie that must be considered as the starting point of self-conscious ecology. This book was the first to use physiological relations between plants and their environment, and in addition biotic interactions to explain the moulding of
201:
The German translation was widely read in
England and America and played an important part in stimulating fieldwork in both, countries. It certainly did in my own case: I well remember working through it with enthusiasm in 1898 and going out into the field to see how far one could match the plant
78:
This edition, which was approved by
Warming, rapidly ran out of print. A second, unauthorized, edition was issued in 1902 by Paul Graebner, who put his own name after Warming's on the book's frontispiece, despite no changes to the contents. This edition was expanded in third and fourth editions:
50:. It gives an introduction to all major biomes of the world. Its aim was to explain how nature solved similar problems (drought, flooding, cold, salt, herbivory) in similar way, despite using very different raw material (species of different descent) in different regions of the world.
299:. The third part is by far the largest (more than 3/4). It contains subsections on the Tropics, the Temperate zone, The Arctic, the Alpine regions and the Aquatic environments. This section is organized in a rather traditional way (leaning on
128:Вармингъ, Е. (1903) Распредъленіе растений въ зависимости отъ внъшнихъ условій - Экологическая географія растеній by A. G. Henkel' and with a treatise of the vegetation of Russia by G. I. Tanfil'ev. St. Petersburg, 474 pp.
307:'s original observations from his travels throughout the World. The first part is organized in chapters about water, temperature, light, air, soil and animals, i.e. following the overall organization of
323:(Plantesamfund in the 1896 German translation) is included in every case. Yet, despite leaning heavily on this work with regard to both structure, content and illustrations of parts one and two,
280:, nor in his list of major sources, and not even in a footnote! ... Although replete with Warming's data, it contains few ideas and did not advance ecology beyond what Warming had done earlier.”
248:
translated by W.R. Fischer, Oxford: Clarendon press, 839 pp.). Some authors have contended that part of the book was a case of plagiarism with heavy unacknowledged borrowing from
202:
communities
Warming had described for Denmark in the English countryside; and I also made the book the basis of a course of University Extension lectures at Toynbee Hall in 1899
1690:
899:
reduction of air spaces; storage organs; thick-walled epidermis; and cork in woody plants. Some xerophytes are annual plants that grow quickly during the rainy season.
123:Вармингъ, Е. (1901) Ойкологическая географія растеній – Введеніе въ изученіе растительныхъ сообществъ by M. Golenkin and W. Arnol'di. Moskva, 542 pp. Full text link
1212:
192:
Despite the language barrier, Warming's influence on the development of ecology is remarkable, not the least in
Britain and the USA. The British ecologist
2271:
1530:
1138:
196:
was extremely influenced by reading ’Plantesamfund’ (or rather the 1896 German edition). Reading the book made him jump from anatomy to ecology.
1777:
256:"This work not only covered much of the same ground as Warming did in 1895 and 1896 but in fact also leaned heavily on Warming's research.
1753:
1729:
1666:
311:. The second part has chapters on plant communities under particular environmental control and about lianas, epiphytes and parasites.
2176:
1761:
1443:
154:
168:
private correspondence, he mentions to have received a letter from "a professor from
Belleville, Illinois, who wishes to translate
43:, particularly in its German translation soon after its initial publication, and in its expanded and revised English translation.
2312:
2216:
2186:
2007:
1633:
1205:
186:
the assemblages that plant geographers had described and classified, and it would set up a research agenda for decades to come
2241:
2109:
1407:
1028:
372:
324:
312:
304:
284:
269:
257:
237:
1674:
1768:
1697:
2236:
2171:
1682:
1387:
1935:
1881:
336:
300:
1658:
2290:
1995:
1797:
1498:
1427:
1198:
1713:
1538:
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1650:
1578:
146:. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 422 pp. (2nd edn 1925). Reprinted a number of times, most recently by Biotech Books,
2327:
2206:
2037:
1721:
1569:
47:
1705:
1737:
2246:
2196:
1977:
1941:
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1473:
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1302:
1586:
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2191:
2031:
2013:
1817:
1642:
352:
137:
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2266:
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2001:
1522:
1417:
1139:"Henry Chandler Cowles: Pioneer Ecologist . Victor M Cassidy . NOW AVAILABLE . . ISBN 978-1-934087-20-6"
920:
209:
1554:
1142:
1482:
1450:
722:
Ch. XXXIII. Other
Structural Characters and Growth-forms of Land-plants, and Especially of Xerophytes
2251:
2079:
2067:
1857:
1618:
1514:
143:
1090:
Coleman, W. (1986). "Evolution into ecology? The strategy of
Warming's ecological plant geography".
895:
Mesophyte - A name given to plants which grow naturally in conditions of intermediate soil moisture.
2231:
2221:
2127:
1899:
1807:
1422:
1287:
1257:
72:
Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie - Eine Einführung in die Kenntnis der Pflanzenverenie
2261:
2256:
2226:
2211:
2201:
2121:
2085:
1953:
1822:
1594:
1402:
1317:
1179:
1115:
1061:
980:
940:
331:
in his acknowledgements in the foreword (43 named individuals are thanked) nor does he include
1983:
1929:
1626:
1562:
1466:
1221:
1107:
1024:
213:
150:
1079:
A Letter from Henry A. Gleason, written 1952, printed in Brittonia 39: 2 (1987), pp. 205-209.
2156:
2139:
2097:
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2061:
2049:
2019:
1893:
1610:
1372:
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1171:
1099:
1053:
1016:
972:
932:
376:
344:
328:
316:
273:
265:
261:
165:
108:
315:
lists the literature used after each chapter and, for the chapters in the first two parts,
124:
2115:
2043:
1911:
1887:
1875:
1869:
1851:
1602:
1367:
1312:
1267:
161:
92:
1506:
736:
Ch. XXXV. Physiognomy of Vegetation. Formations. Associations. Varieties of Associations
375:
has been suspiciously economic with acknowledgements of his great intellectual debts to
2166:
2025:
1971:
1965:
1905:
1827:
1357:
1342:
1337:
193:
116:
95:
translation of ’Plantesamfund’ (from Knoblauch's German translation) appeared in 1900:
2306:
2073:
1959:
1947:
1923:
1863:
1352:
1347:
276:, neither in the list of picture credits, nor in the acknowledgements section of the
22:
1119:
944:
1989:
1845:
1292:
1242:
963:
Goodland, R. J. (1975). "The Tropical Origin of Ecology: Eugen Warming's Jubilee".
364:
570:
Ch. XVII. Are the Chemical or the Physical Characters of Soil the more Important?
2133:
1802:
1377:
1322:
1297:
1272:
1237:
160:
It is unknown why an English translation only appeared fourteen years after the
32:
1044:
Tansley, A. G. (1947). "The Early History of Modern Plant Ecology in Britain".
1327:
1277:
1252:
873:
427:
The text on growth forms was written anew by Warming for 'Oecology of Plants'
335:
in the short list of highly recommended readings at the end of the foreword (
2181:
1457:
1332:
1020:
885:
881:
877:
673:. Adaptations of Aquatic and Terrestrial Plants. Oecological Classification
1111:
2055:
1917:
1307:
1282:
1262:
1247:
567:
Kap. 14. Ere Jordbundens kemiske eller fysiske Egenskaber de vigtigste?
1183:
1103:
1078:
1065:
984:
40:
892:
Hydrophyte - An aquatic plant; a plant which lives and grows in water.
208:
Similarly, Warming's book impregnated North American naturalists like
139:
Oecology of Plants - an introduction to the study of plant-communities
132:
An extended and translated edition in English first appeared in 1909:
2161:
546:
Ch. XIV. Depth of the Soil. The upper layers of the soil and subsoil
112:
28:
Oecology of Plants: An Introduction to the Study of Plant Communities
1190:
1175:
1057:
976:
936:
46:
The book was based on Warming's lectures on plant geography at the
371:(1879-1882)). Taken together it clearly gives the impression that
147:
87:, 3 ed. Berlin, Gebrüder Borntrager. Fourth edn (1933) - 1158 pp.
103:
by Edward Strumpf and Jósef Trzebiński. Warszawa, 1900. 451 pp.
39:
in its title. The book has had a lasting impact on the field of
1194:
583:
Kap. 16. Virkningerne af et levende Plantedække paa Jordbunden
578:
Ch. XVIII. The Effect of a Non-Living Covering over Vegetation
228:
388:
Contents of ’Plantesamfund’ and 'Oecology of Plants' compared
74:
by Emil Knoblauch. Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1896. 412 pp.
715:
Ch. XXXII. Storage of Water by Land-plants. Water Reservoirs
85:
Eug. Warming's Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie
1778:
An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants
902:
Halophyte - A plant which grows in salt-impregnated soils.
809:
Kap. 8. Nereïdernes (de stenelskende Hydrofyters) Samfund
575:
Kap. 15. Virkningen af et livløst Dække over Plantevæxten
56:
Plantesamfund - Grundtræk af den økologiske Plantegeografi
18:
Plantesamfund - Grundtræk af den økologiske Plantegeografi
648:
Ch. XXV. Symbiosis of Plants with One Another. Mutualism
543:
Kap. 11. Jordbundens Mægtighed; Overgrund og Undergrund
101:
Zbiorowiska Roślinne zarys ekologicznej geografii roślin
586:
Ch. XIX. Effect of a Living Vegetable Covering on Soil
687:
Ch. XXVIII. Adaptations of Water-plants (Hydrophytes)
594:
Ch. XX. The Activities of Plants and Animals in Soil
369:
Versuch einen Entwicklungsgeschickte der Pflanzenwelt
35:, was the first book to be published having the word
783:
Ch. XXXIX. Cryoplankton. Vegetation on Ice and Snow
701:
Ch. XXX. Regulation of Transpiration in Land-plants
260:(1898) quoted extensively from more than fifteen of
2149:
1836:
1788:
1436:
1395:
1228:
825:Kap. 10. Enalidernes (Havgræssenes) Samfundsklasse
780:Kap. 4. Den glaciale Vegetation (Isens og Sneens)
591:Kap. 17. Dyrs og Planters Virksomhed i Jordbunden
958:
956:
954:
490:Ch. VII. Atmospheric Humidity and Precipitations
1754:Pflanzengeographie auf Physiologischer Grundlage
1691:Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis
602:Ch. XXI. Exposure. Orographic and other Factors
442:Kap. 4. Oversigt over Indholdet af det Følgende
412:Ch. I. Floristic and Ecological Plant Geography
216:. Cowles appear to have been completely taken:
931:(2). The University of Chicago Press: 149–152.
624:Ch. XXII. Reciprocal Relations among Organisms
242:Pflanzengeographie auf physiologisher Grundlage
231:Pflanzengeographie auf physiologisher Grundlage
409:Kap. 1 Floristisk og økologisk Plantegeografi
67:The book was translated to German in 1896 as
1206:
872:In ‘Plantesamfund’, Warming coined the words
708:Ch. XXXI. Absorption of Water by Land-plants
58:. P.G. Philipsens Forlag, Kjøbenhavn. 335 pp.
8:
1667:Traité d'Anatomie et de Physiologie Végétale
817:Kap. 9. Samfund af Vandplanter paa løs Bund
321:Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie
640:Ch. XXIV. Symbiosis of Plants with Animals
1213:
1199:
1191:
797:Ch. XL. Hydrocharid-formation or Pleuston
747:Hydrophytes. Formations of Aquatic Plants
680:Ch. XXVII. Aquatic and Terrestrial Plants
656:Ch. XXVI. Commensalism. Plant-communities
645:Kap. 4. Samliv mellem Planterne indbyrdes
599:Kap. 18. Nogle orografiske o. a. Faktorer
506:Ch. IX. Nature of the Nutrient Substratum
453:. Økologiske Faktorer og deres Virkninger
246:Plant-geography upon a physiological basis
2272:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
1462:of Nicolaus of Damascus c. 1st century BC
1134:Henry Chandler Cowles – pioneer ecologist
923:(Aug 1909). "Review: Ecology of Plants".
767:Ch. XXXVII. Formations of Aquatic Plants
621:Kap. 1. Samliv mellem de levende Væsener
287:'s book is organized in three parts, (1)
1531:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
1011:Jax, Kurt (2001). "History of Ecology".
760:Kap. 2. Morfologisk og anden Tilpasning
912:
861:Ch. XLIV. Reed-swamp or Reed-formation
788:Kap. 5. Saprofile Flagellaters Samfund
459:. Oecological Factors and Their Action
1675:Recherches Chimiques sur la Végétation
729:Ch. XXXIV. Oecological Classification
172:" (May 1898, letter to his son Jens).
83:Warming, E. & Graebner, P. (1918)
694:Ch. XXIX. Adaptations of Land-plants
119:) editions appeared in 1901 and 1903
7:
1162:"Plant Warfare: A Science Classic".
503:Kap. 6. Næringsbundens Beskaffenhed
832:Kap. 11. Limnæernes Samfundsklasse
417:Kap. 2. Livsform (Vegetationsform)
1730:Experiments on Plant Hybridization
1683:Beyträge zur Anatomie der Pflanzen
853:Ch. XLIII. Adaptation. Formations
14:
1762:Variation and Evolution in Plants
1092:Journal of the History of Biology
272:acknowledge his profound debt to
21:, published in Danish in 1895 by
2285:
2284:
1386:
820:Ch. XLII. Benthos of Loose Soil
775:Ch. XXXVIII. Plankton-formation
487:Kap. 4. Luftfugtighed og Nedbør
136:Warming, E. with M. Vahl (1909)
2217:History of evolutionary thought
2187:History of agricultural science
1136:. Kedzie Sigel Press, Chicago.
999:Warming – botaniker og rejsende
755:Ch. XXXVI. Oecological Factors
653:Kap. 5. Kommensalisme; Samfund
632:Ch. XXIII. Interference by Man
551:Kap. 12. Næringen i Jordbunden
498:Ch. VIII. Movements of the Air
357:Handbuch der Pflanzengeographie
2242:History of molecular evolution
2110:Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper
1659:Die Metamorphose der Pflantzen
1408:Natural History Museum, London
812:Ch. XLI. Lithophilous Benthos
538:Ch. XIII. Temperature of Soil
341:Géographie botanique raisonnée
1:
1499:Libellus De Re Herbaria Novus
1013:Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
629:Kap. 2. Menneskets Indgriben
616:. Communal Life of Organisms
514:Ch. X. Structure of the Soil
464:Kap. 1 Luftens Sammensætning
361:Atlas der Pflanzenverbreitung
264:’s works and even reproduced
2237:History of molecular biology
2172:History of plant systematics
2008:Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure
1714:Vergleichende Untersuchungen
1539:Prodromus Theatrici Botanici
802:Kap. 7. Bund-Vegetationerne
637:Kap. 3. Samlivet med Dyrene
527:Kap. 9. Vandet i Jordbunden
519:Kap. 8. Luften i Jordbunden
511:Kap. 7. Jordbundens Bygning
303:and others), but is full of
268:’s figures. Yet nowhere did
244:in 1898 (in English 1903 as
25:, and in English in 1909 as
1936:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
1651:Experiments Upon Vegetables
752:Kap.1. Økologiske Faktorer
559:Kap. 13. Arter af Jordbund
535:Kap. 10. Jordbundens Varme
530:Ch. XII. Water in the Soil
437:Ch. III. Plant Communities
2344:
1996:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1798:Alternation of generations
1579:De Sexu Plantarum Epistola
1486:of Albertus Magnus c. 1256
1428:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
839:Kap. 12. Myxofyce-Samfund
772:Kap. 3. Svævet (Plankton)
554:Ch. XV. Nutriment in Soil
445:Ch. IV. Plan of This Book
2280:
2177:Systems of plant taxonomy
1813:Phylogenetic nomenclature
1635:Systema Naturae, 10th ed.
1454:of Theophrastus c. 300 BC
1384:
846:Helophytes. Marsh-plants
661:Kap. 6. Samfundsklasser-
495:Kap. 5. Luftbevægelserne
293:Formations and mutualisms
2207:History of biotechnology
2038:Matthias Jakob Schleiden
1722:On the Origin of Species
1706:Die Vegetabilische Zelle
522:Ch. XI. Air in the Soil
434:Kap. 3 Plantesamfundene
48:University of Copenhagen
2247:History of paleontology
2197:History of biochemistry
1942:Rudolf Jakob Camerarius
1738:Die Vegetation der Erde
1510:of Hieronymus Bock 1539
1470:of Dioscorides c. 60 AD
1413:Orto botanico di Padova
1303:Molecular phylogenetics
1164:The Science News-Letter
1021:10.1038/npg.els.0003084
1001:. Lynge, Bogan. 197 pp.
562:Ch. XVI. Kinds of Soil
349:Die Vegetation der Erde
2313:1895 non-fiction books
2192:History of agriculture
2032:Joakim Frederik Schouw
2014:Alexander von Humboldt
1818:Spontaneous generation
1770:Ontogeny and Phylogeny
1547:Pinax theatri botanici
744:. Hydrofyt-Samfundene
282:
226:
206:
190:
2267:Philosophy of biology
2104:William Gilson Farlow
2002:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
1587:Éléments de botanique
1574:of John Ray 1686–1704
1491:Herbarum Vivae Icones
1418:Orto botanico di Pisa
1132:Cassidy, V.M. (2007)
254:
236:The German ecologist
218:
210:Henry Chandler Cowles
198:
182:
2252:History of phycology
2080:Nathanael Pringsheim
1978:José Celestino Mutis
1858:Pedanius Dioscorides
1643:Familles des Plantes
1619:Philosophia Botanica
1515:De plantis libri XVI
1170:(457): 26–27. 1930.
868:New conceptual terms
858:Kap. 14. Rørsumpene
610:. Samliv og Samfund
420:Ch. II. Growth Form
2232:History of medicine
2222:History of genetics
2128:G. Ledyard Stebbins
1808:Center of diversity
1423:Rothamsted Research
1288:Genetic engineering
1258:Comparative anatomy
396:Oecology of Plants
389:
99:Warming, E. (1900)
63:Translated editions
54:Warming, E. (1895)
2262:Natural philosophy
2257:History of science
2227:History of geology
2212:History of ecology
2202:History of biology
2122:Barbara McClintock
2086:Wilhelm Hofmeister
1954:Bernard de Jussieu
1595:Vegetable Staticks
1571:Historia Plantarum
1523:Stirpium Historiae
1518:of Caesalpino 1583
1475:Naturalis Historia
1445:Historia Plantarum
1403:Jardin des Plantes
1318:Numerical taxonomy
1104:10.1007/BF00138875
1046:Journal of Ecology
387:
2300:
2299:
1930:Marcello Malpighi
1627:Species Plantarum
1563:Anatomy of Plants
1555:Anatome Plantarum
1467:De Materia Medica
1222:History of botany
997:Prytz, S. (1984)
925:Botanical Gazette
865:
864:
424:
423:
327:does not include
297:Zones and regions
214:Frederic Clements
31:, by Warming and
2335:
2288:
2287:
2157:Botanical garden
2140:Arthur Cronquist
2098:Eugenius Warming
2092:Julius von Sachs
2062:August Grisebach
2050:George Engelmann
1960:Carolus Linnaeus
1900:Cristóbal Acosta
1894:Andrea Cesalpino
1611:Genera Plantarum
1483:De Vegetabilibus
1451:Causes of Plants
1390:
1373:Plant physiology
1363:Plant morphology
1215:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1187:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1141:. Archived from
1130:
1124:
1123:
1087:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1052:(1/2): 130–137.
1041:
1035:
1034:
1008:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
960:
949:
948:
917:
431:
430:
390:
386:
142:by P. Groom and
107:Two independent
2343:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2328:1895 in biology
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2276:
2145:
2116:Nikolai Vavilov
2044:Alexander Braun
1912:Joachim Jungius
1888:Rembert Dodoens
1876:Valerius Cordus
1870:Hieronymus Bock
1852:Pliny the Elder
1838:
1832:
1790:
1784:
1603:Systema Naturae
1432:
1391:
1382:
1368:Plant pathology
1313:Natural history
1268:Economic botany
1230:
1224:
1219:
1176:10.2307/3905836
1161:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1058:10.2307/2256503
1043:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1010:
1009:
1005:
996:
992:
977:10.2307/3543715
962:
961:
952:
919:
918:
914:
909:
870:
385:
238:A.F.W. Schimper
234:
181:
65:
12:
11:
5:
2341:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Plant taxonomy
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2026:Thomas Nuttall
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1984:Félix de Azara
1981:
1975:
1972:Jan Ingenhousz
1969:
1966:Michel Adanson
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1906:Gaspard Bauhin
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1882:William Turner
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1828:Ultrastructure
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
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1700:
1687:
1679:
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1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
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1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
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1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
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1543:
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1527:
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1495:
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1471:
1463:
1455:
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1434:
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1425:
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1415:
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1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:Plant genetics
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:Phytogeography
1340:
1338:Phytochemistry
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1156:
1155:
1125:
1098:(2): 181–196.
1082:
1071:
1036:
1029:
1003:
990:
971:(2): 240–245.
950:
937:10.1086/329976
911:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
900:
896:
893:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
855:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
842:
840:
836:
835:
833:
829:
828:
826:
822:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
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805:
803:
799:
798:
795:
792:
791:
789:
785:
784:
781:
777:
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773:
769:
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764:
763:
761:
757:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
738:
737:
734:
731:
730:
727:
724:
723:
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717:
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703:
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689:
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678:
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668:
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664:
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638:
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633:
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626:
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617:
611:
604:
603:
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587:
584:
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579:
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572:
571:
568:
564:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
548:
547:
544:
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532:
531:
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520:
516:
515:
512:
508:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
492:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
479:Kap. 3. Varme
476:
475:
472:
471:Kap. 2. Lyset
468:
467:
465:
461:
460:
454:
447:
446:
443:
439:
438:
435:
422:
421:
418:
414:
413:
410:
406:
405:
402:
398:
397:
394:
393:Plantesamfund
384:
381:
233:
227:
194:Arthur Tansley
180:
176:The impact of
174:
158:
157:
130:
129:
126:
117:St. Petersburg
105:
104:
89:
88:
76:
75:
64:
61:
60:
59:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2340:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:Ecology books
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
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2225:
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2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
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2185:
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2178:
2175:
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2163:
2160:
2158:
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2152:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:Gregor Mendel
2072:
2069:
2068:Joseph Hooker
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:Aimé Bonpland
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:Stephen Hales
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:Nehemiah Grew
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:Otto Brunfels
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:c. 371–287 BC
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
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1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:Plantesamfund
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
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1703:
1699:
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1693:
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1669:
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1664:
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1660:
1656:
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1600:
1597:
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1517:
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1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
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1477:
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1464:
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1421:
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1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1353:Plant ecology
1351:
1349:
1348:Plant anatomy
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
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1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1145:on 2007-06-30
1144:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
957:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
916:
913:
906:
901:
897:
894:
891:
890:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
867:
860:
857:
856:
852:
850:
849:
845:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
807:
804:
801:
800:
796:
794:
793:
790:
787:
786:
782:
779:
778:
774:
771:
770:
766:
765:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
742:Tredje Afsnit
740:
739:
735:
733:
732:
728:
726:
725:
721:
719:
718:
714:
712:
711:
707:
705:
704:
700:
698:
697:
693:
691:
690:
686:
684:
683:
679:
677:
676:
672:
669:
667:
666:
663:
660:
659:
655:
652:
651:
647:
644:
643:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
627:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:
601:
598:
597:
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
581:
577:
574:
573:
569:
566:
565:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
549:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
485:
482:Ch. VI. Heat
481:
478:
477:
474:Ch. V. Light
473:
470:
469:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
452:
451:Første Afsnit
449:
448:
444:
441:
440:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
407:
404:Introduction
403:
400:
399:
395:
392:
391:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Plantesamfund
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:Plantesamfund
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
253:
251:
250:Plantesamfund
247:
243:
239:
232:
225:
223:
217:
215:
211:
205:
203:
197:
195:
189:
187:
179:
178:Plantesamfund
175:
173:
171:
170:Plantesamfund
167:
164:original. In
163:
156:
155:81-7622-010-8
152:
149:
145:
144:I. B. Balfour
141:
140:
135:
134:
133:
127:
125:
122:
121:
120:
118:
114:
110:
102:
98:
97:
96:
94:
86:
82:
81:
80:
73:
70:
69:
68:
62:
57:
53:
52:
51:
49:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:
24:
23:Eugen Warming
20:
19:
2323:Botany books
2289:
1990:Joseph Banks
1846:Theophrastus
1789:Theories and
1776:
1769:
1760:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1698:Nepenthaceae
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1507:Kreütterbuch
1505:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1449:
1444:
1437:Publications
1396:Institutions
1293:Horticulture
1243:Biogeography
1167:
1163:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1133:
1128:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1074:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1012:
1006:
998:
993:
968:
964:
928:
924:
915:
871:
741:
670:
613:
608:Andet Afsnit
607:
456:
450:
426:
425:
368:
360:
356:
348:
340:
332:
320:
308:
296:
292:
288:
283:
277:
255:
249:
245:
241:
235:
230:
220:
219:
207:
200:
199:
191:
184:
183:
177:
169:
159:
138:
131:
106:
100:
90:
84:
77:
71:
66:
55:
45:
36:
27:
26:
17:
16:
15:
2134:Eugene Odum
1860:c. 40–90 AD
1837:Influential
1803:Cell theory
1378:Pteridology
1323:Paleobotany
1298:Lichenology
1273:Ethnobotany
1238:Agriculture
1231:disciplines
671:Section III
401:Indledning
363:(1887) and
359:(1890) and
337:de Candolle
301:de Candolle
289:The factors
229:Schimper's
33:Martin Vahl
2307:Categories
1694:1824–1873
1459:De Plantis
1328:Palynology
1278:Floristics
1253:Cladistics
1229:Fields and
1149:2007-06-30
1030:0470016175
921:Cowles, HC
907:References
874:hydrophyte
614:Section II
295:, and (3)
240:published
2182:Herbalism
2142:1919–1992
2136:1913–2002
2130:1906–2000
2124:1902–1992
2118:1887–1943
2112:1856–1901
2106:1844–1919
2100:1841–1924
2094:1832–1897
2088:1824–1877
2082:1823–1894
2076:1822–1884
2070:1817–1911
2064:1814–1879
2058:1810–1888
2052:1809–1884
2046:1805–1877
2040:1804–1881
2034:1789–1852
2028:1786–1859
2022:1773–1858
2016:1769–1859
2010:1767–1845
2004:1765–1812
1998:1749–1832
1992:1743–1820
1986:1742–1821
1980:1732–1808
1974:1730–1799
1968:1727–1806
1962:1707–1778
1956:1699–1777
1950:1677–1761
1944:1665–1721
1938:1656–1708
1932:1628–1694
1926:1628–1711
1920:1623–1705
1914:1587–1657
1908:1560–1624
1902:1525–1594
1896:1519–1603
1890:1517–1585
1884:1515–1568
1878:1515–1544
1872:1498–1554
1866:1464–1534
1333:Phycology
886:halophyte
882:xerophyte
878:mesophyte
457:Section I
345:Grisebach
166:Warming's
2291:Category
2056:Asa Gray
1918:John Ray
1854:23–79 AD
1823:Taxonomy
1791:concepts
1478:77–79 AD
1308:Mycology
1283:Forestry
1263:Cytology
1248:Bryology
1120:36359864
1112:11611989
945:88304298
383:Contents
373:Schimper
351:(1872),
343:(1855),
325:Schimper
313:Schimper
305:Schimper
285:Schimper
270:Schimper
258:Schimper
2150:Related
1839:figures
1646:1763–64
1638:1758–59
1184:3905836
1066:2256503
985:3543715
377:Warming
329:Warming
317:Warming
278:Vorwort
274:Warming
266:Warming
262:Warming
109:Russian
41:ecology
37:ecology
2162:Herbal
1182:
1118:
1110:
1064:
1027:
983:
943:
365:Engler
291:, (2)
162:Danish
153:
113:Moscow
93:Polish
1180:JSTOR
1116:S2CID
1062:JSTOR
981:JSTOR
965:Oikos
941:S2CID
353:Drude
148:Delhi
1781:1981
1773:1977
1765:1950
1757:1898
1749:1895
1741:1872
1733:1865
1725:1859
1717:1851
1709:1851
1686:1812
1678:1804
1670:1802
1662:1790
1654:1779
1630:1753
1622:1751
1614:1737
1606:1735
1598:1727
1590:1694
1582:1694
1566:1682
1558:1675
1550:1623
1542:1620
1534:1597
1526:1583
1502:1538
1494:1530
1448:and
1108:PMID
1025:ISBN
884:and
212:and
151:ISBN
115:and
1172:doi
1100:doi
1054:doi
1017:doi
973:doi
933:doi
367:’s
355:’s
347:’s
339:’s
319:’s
2309::
1178:.
1168:17
1166:.
1114:.
1106:.
1096:19
1094:.
1060:.
1050:35
1048:.
1023:.
1015:.
979:.
969:26
967:.
953:^
939:.
929:48
927:.
888:.
880:,
876:,
379:.
252:.
91:A
1214:e
1207:t
1200:v
1186:.
1174::
1152:.
1122:.
1102::
1068:.
1056::
1033:.
1019::
987:.
975::
947:.
935::
224:.
204:.
188:.
111:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.