Drinking straw - Knowledge

157: 1220:). Some with neuromuscular disabilities may rely on a plastic straw for its heat resistance and due to an inability to lift a cup. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has required public places to provide plastic straws in order to ensure that those who need them will be able to access them. In particular, not all people with disabilities may be capable of washing reusable straws, straws made from inflexible materials are not capable of being repositioned, paper straws lose their firmness over time when soaked in a beverage, and straws made from hard materials such as metal can cause injuries. Advocates have preferred laws that still allow plastic straws to be offered upon request. 958:, save consumers €6.5 billion, and prevent environmental damage that would cost the equivalent of €22 billion by the year 2030. In October 2018, the European Parliament voted to pass the directive with 571 votes for and 53 votes against, and the directive came into effect on 2 July 2021. The specificity of the European market is that it prohibits all types of straws made of plastic, whether bio-based or compostable. This means that popular straws made of PHA, PBS or PLA for example, are prohibited in this territory. It is not always clear whether or not a drinking straw complies with this legislation, so it is recommended that a pyrolysis test be performed to determine its composition. 358: 33: 679: 759: 423:, and metal. Polylactic acid and silicone straws are the most similar in texture and feel to their plastic counterparts, however, they fit into the category of biodegradable polymers. These types of straws have some benefits over other more ecologically conscious straws because they are resistant to disintegrating in one's drink and provide adequate insulation for hot and cold drinks. One manufacturer of silicone straws even claims that their straws can be burned into biodegradable ash. 727:

surveying straw manufacturers to ask their estimates of the total, which he then averaged. (Further details are unavailable as "being 9, he had not thought to document the process closely.") This figure has been widely cited by major news organizations. Market research firm Freedonia Group estimated the number to be 390 million. Another market research firm Technomic estimated the number to be 170 million, although this number excludes some types of straws.

5865: 316: 640: 5888: 5332: 335: 199: 5877: 384:"Stir straws" with a relatively short length and quite a narrow bore are often given along with disposable cups for preparing coffee or tea and serve the primary function of being able to stir in sugar, sweetener, cream, or non-dairy creamer, as well as allowing for sipping a hot beverage. Additionally, boba tea plastic straws with wider openings are commonly used to drink 456: 223: 606: 408: 831:", or falsely marketing their products as a viable environmentally friendly alternative, when it is actually just as harmful to the environment, or worse. These marketing tactics draw in well-meaning consumers who believe they are helping the environment (often by paying more for a product), when they are instead encouraging these misleading strategies. 665:, quickly spread across all forms of media and spurred the elevation of awareness regarding the potential danger of plastic straws for marine life. The scientist who uploaded the video remarks that it is the emotional pull of the imagery, rather than the significance of the plastic straw itself in the plastic debacle, that garnered such high viewership. 1027:

that do takeout only. The law does not apply to-go cups and takeaway drinks. A restaurant will receive warnings for its first two violations, then a $ 25 per day fine for each subsequent violation, up to a maximum of $ 300 in a year. In a statement released upon his signing the legislation into law, then-Governor

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law restricting the providing of single-use plastic straws went into effect on 1 January 2019. Under the law, restaurants are only allowed to provide single-use plastic straws upon request. The law applies to sit-down restaurants but exempts fast-food restaurants, delis, coffee shops, and restaurants

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The UK government committed at most £4 million to "Plastics innovation: towards zero waste" in the summer of 2017 in an attempt to mitigate the circulation of unnecessary plastic. In this endeavor, eleven projects secured the full amount in government support. These projects each invented new ways to

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restaurants from straw bans (in effect only restricting "sit-down" restaurants), and restrict municipalities from preempting the rule with a stricter regulation (with the draft law text stating that the latter leads to "confusing and varying regulations that could lead to unnecessary increased costs

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These attributes are what have made the traditional plastic straw ubiquitous in fast food establishments and take-out orders around the world. Additionally, other advantages of plastic straws include their ability to be molded into different shapes and sizes while also being able to withstand a wide

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on a hot day in Washington, D.C.; the taste of the rye grass straw was mixing with the drink and giving it a grassy taste, which he found unsatisfactory. He wound paper around a pencil to make a thin tube, slid out the pencil from one end, and applied glue between the strips. He later refined it by

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proposed a directive banning a number of single-use plastic items including straws, cotton buds, cutlery, balloon sticks and drink stirrers, in addition to limiting the use other single-use plastics and extending producer responsibility. The EU estimated the plan would avoid 3.4 million tons of

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city council voted in favor of adopting a "Single Use Reduction Strategy", targeting single-use styrofoam containers and plastic straws. The council approved the first phase of the regulations in November 2019, expected to be in place by April 2020, barring the distribution of single-use straws

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In the late 2010s, a movement towards laws banning or otherwise restricting the use of plastic straws and other single-use plastics emerged. Environmental groups have encouraged consumers to object to "forced" inclusion of plastic straws with food service. The movement followed the discovery of

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One anti-straw advocacy group has estimated that about 500 million straws are used daily in the United States alone—an average 1.6 straws per capita per day. This statistic has been criticized as inaccurate, because it was approximated by Milo Cress, who was nine years old at the time, after

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Two stamped 800 silver bombillas with gold plated heads and removable filters. The filter in the middle of the picture is detached from the bombilla tube at the bottom of the picture and is shown in the open position which is used for cleaning the filter. Once the filter is folded, the two

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To combat this scheme, TerraChoice, an America-based advertising company, crafted a rubric to calculate the amount of greenwashing prevalent in a product. They determined that 95% of products they surveyed at American and Canadian stores are guilty of at least one act of greenwashing.

1019:, citing the Santa Cruz effort, implemented an immediate ban on all straws, except if requested by a customer, and gave business until 1 July 2018, when it would be required that all straws to be of compostable paper and that all other to-go containers be recyclable. 745:

pollution is a concern if plastic waste is improperly dumped. If plastic straws are improperly disposed of, they can be transported via water into soil ecosystems, and others, where they break down into smaller, more hazardous pieces than the original plastic straw.

1282:(1605, 1615), the narrator tells of an innkeeper who, because Don Quixote refuses to remove his makeshift helmet, fashions a drinking straw by hollowing out a reed and pours wine through it, suggesting that Don Quixote was not accustomed to this method of drinking. 1031:

said "It is a very small step to make a customer who wants a plastic straw ask for it. And it might make them pause and think again about an alternative. But one thing is clear, we must find ways to reduce and eventually eliminate single-use plastic products."

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Since plastic straws account only for a tiny portion (0.022%) of plastic waste emitted in the oceans each year, some pro-environment critics have argued that plastic straw bans are insufficient to address the issue of plastic waste, and are mostly symbolic.

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of Brazil to forbid the distribution of plastic straws, "forcing restaurants, coffee shops, bars and the like, beach huts and hawkers of the municipality to use and provide to its customers only biodegradable and/or recyclable paper straws individually".

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Water can break down plastic waste into microplastic and nanoplastic particles. These particles are capable of transmitting harmful substances or can themselves prove dangerous, as they have been shown to negatively affect the surrounding environment.

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would not carry the straw unless it had a character on it. They suggested Dinhofer make three straws (eventually patented in 1950): a cowboy, a clown and an animal for which he made an elephant. Each of his characters was attached to a looping soft

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stated that its straws could not actually be recycled at present, since their thickness "makes it difficult for them to be processed by our waste solution providers". The chain stated that they went towards energy production, and not to landfills.

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The mate is then filled with yerva, after the bombilla has been placed in position. The bombilla is literally " a little pump," that is, a sucking tube, ending in a perforated bulb, which performs the office of the perforated diaphragm in our

492:. In metal bombillas, the lower end is perforated and acts as a metal filter which is used to separate the mate infusion from leaves, stems, and other mate debris, and functions in a similar fashion to the perforated metal screen of a 299:. The straws were sold in individual boxes, and more characters were eventually added. Other buyers began to carry it, too, and it was marketed as an "action drinking toy." Sip-N-See went on to sell approximately six million units. 2440: 1195:

UK stores starting September 2018. A few other cruise lines, air lines, beverage companies, and hotels, have also made partial or complete reductions, but most companies in those industries have not, as of May 2018.

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Viera, João S.C.; Marques, Mônica R.C.; Nazareth, Monick Cruz; Jimenez, Paula Christine; Castro, Ítalo Braga (April 2020). "On replacing single-use plastic with so-called biodegradable ones: The case with straws".

774:). Paper straws have proliferated as a popular alternative, although they are prone to losing their rigidity when soaked inside a beverage, and in some cases are not durable enough for thicker beverages such as 1015:, implemented a ban on all non-recyclable to-go containers, straws, and lids but allowed for 6 months for all businesses to come into compliance before enforcement would occur. On 1 January 2018, the city of 399:", having a number of twists and turns at the top. These straws are often marketed and can be entertaining for young children. The crazy straw was invented by Arthur Philip Gildersleeve and patented in 1936. 3565: 327:. This plastic is known for its durability, lightness, and ability to be manufactured at a low cost. Other plastic polymers that exhibit these traits include polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 156: 142:

or in recovery from certain medical procedures such as dental work, making it safer and easier to consume liquids. Although, the use of straws may not always be advisable depending on the health situation.

1627: 496:. Filters can be removable and can be opened for cleaning, or they may be permanently fixed to the bombilla stem. Bombillas vary in length but a popular length is approximately 7 inches (18 cm) long. 778:. Metal straws are more durable, but they are incapable of being bent, can damage teeth or lacerate children or kill adults during falls, and some restaurants have reported them as a target of theft. 990:. It is estimated that as of 2018, about 23 million straws are used and discarded daily in the UK. In May 2019, England announced that it would ban single-use plastic straws, stirring sticks and 819:

As of 2021 several eco-friendly alternative materials have been tried. Among them are hay straws, bamboo straws, seaweed straws, and straws made from naturally dried fallen coconut leaves.

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In 1930, Otto W. Dieffenbach Sr. developed and produced a cellophane drinking straw in Baltimore. His company known as Glassips Inc., produced straws for restaurants and other products. One

1812: 2804:, Volume 45, p. 68 (1956), quote: "New Flavored Straws For Use in Milk Drinks A new type of straw with built-in flavor for use with milk drinks has been introduced by Flav-R Straws, Inc." 64:

straws. Following a rise in regulation and public concern, some companies have even voluntarily banned or reduced the number of plastic straws used. Alternative straws are often made of

369:. Straws help reduce the likelihood that liquids will escape containment and contaminate equipment within space vessels. Specially designed straws and other drinking equipment, such as 331:

range of temperatures without deforming. This is important because straws must be temperature resistant and thermally insulated because they can be used in both hot and cold beverages.

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Plastic drinking straw production contributes a small amount to petroleum consumption, and the used straws become a small part of global plastic pollution when discarded, most after a

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Flavor straws are a form of drinking straw with a flavoring included, designed to make drinking milk more pleasant for children. They first marketed in the United States in 1956 as

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since May 2018. Businesses are fined if a straw is provided (unless requested) and also fined if no plastic straws are available and also fined for other reasons regarding straws.

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in April 2020: only registered pharmacies will be allowed to sell straws to the public, and restaurants may only offer them by request of customers. The ban was delayed due to the

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Environmental concerns, stemming from the impact plastic waste has had on the ocean, have led to a rise in reusable straws. Reusable straws are primarily being manufactured out of

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One of the first mass-produced twisted straw was Sip-N-See invented by Milton Dinhofer. Dinhofer originally patented his straw in the shape of a scissor with two loops on top, but

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Plastic straws are not widely recycled and may continue to pollute various aspects of the environment, including bodies of water and streets due to their lack of proper disposal.

4593: 111:, with the first extant straws dating from the 4th century BCE. Different traditional drinks and foods use straws designed for explicit purposes, such as the "straw and sieve" 2840: 3591: 3207:"Fatal Accident With Metal Straw Highlights a Risk: The disturbing death of a woman in Britain renewed a debate that has followed bans on plastic straws around the world." 3252: 1337: 350:-type hinge near its top to allow for improved maneuverability of the straw when drinking a beverage, especially from a low angle. The articulated straw was invented by 5801: 4500: 4048: 1756: 3746: 2234: 187:

that sink to the bottom. The oldest drinking straw in existence, found in a Sumerian tomb dated 3,000 BCE, was a gold tube inlaid with the precious blue stone

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announced his intent to enact legislation restricting the use of petroleum-based single-used plastics as early as 2021. In 2023, the ban was overturned by the

816:(PHA), derived from plant oil, is marine biodegradable. In 2021, the manufacturing company Wincup was distributing a PHA product branded as "the Phade straw." 4428: 2613:. MFA Pub. p. 488\QUOTE=As with mate cups made entirely of silver, the thermal conductivity of silver bombillas may have posed problems for the drinker. 1149:

announced they would be switching to paper straws for all locations in the United Kingdom and Ireland. and testing the switch in U.S. locations in June 2018.

3907: 3513:"Plastic straws clog the ocean hurt fish. Now there's a growing movement to ban them. Are plastic straws out of time, or can they survive like plastic bags?" 4384: 426:

Metal and glass straws are other reusable alternatives. A "vampire straw" is a large metal drinking straw with a pointed tip that allows it to double as a

272:. The materials used in their manufacture were inexpensive, and the types of restaurant fare that they accompanied had become more affordable and popular. 260:

Early paper straws had a narrow bore, to prevent seeds from clogging them. It was common to use two of them, to reduce the effort needed to take each sip.

3538: 3099: 392:. The tip of these straws is often cut at an angle creating a point which allows one to use the straw to puncture the plastic cover of bubble tea drinks. 4212: 898: 827:

Not all attempts to be more environmentally friendly are in earnest, though. In an attempt to artificially boost sales, some groups have been guilty of "

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Chae, Yooeun; An, Youn-Joo (1 September 2018). "Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem: A review".

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that affect their ability to swallow, hold glassware, or carry the weight of drinks or other liquids. Straws can also be an important part of both

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Single-use plastic straws banned in government facilities, schools, department stores, shopping malls and fast food restaurants from 1 July 2019.

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Some critics have argued that paper and metal alternatives are no more environmentally-friendly than plastic, citing the environmental impacts of

4607: 3667: 734:, making it a minor contamination source, yet considered easy to avoid. In total, they are less than 0.022% of plastic waste emitted to oceans. 915:

unless requested (with straws on hand required to be bendable for accessibility reasons). Bubble tea shops will be given a one-year exemption.

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advocates, as they feel that alternative materials are not well-suited for use by those with impaired mobility (caused by conditions such as

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The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal: Exhibiting a View of the Progressive Discoveries and Improvements in the Sciences and the Arts

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semicircular filter threads form a circular threaded neck allowing the filter to screw into the tube. The bombilla tubes are decorated.

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straw. Rexor Corp. copyrighted the straw the same year, but Macy's decided not to carry them. Dinhofer first marketed the straws with

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Zanghelini, Guilherme Marcelo; Cherubini, Edivan; Dias, Ricardo; Kabe, Yuki Hamilton Onda; Delgado, Jorge Juan Soto (December 2020).

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Silver bombillas were used by the privileged classes, while those made of straw were used by people of lesser means. Due to the high

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common to South America. Since the early 20th century, mass-production of straws from plastic and other industrial products such as

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inches long and made of paper, in 1888, to address the shortcomings of the rye grass straw. He came upon the idea while drinking a

3224: 1294:(1988), includes a detailed discussion of various types of drinking straws experienced by the narrator and their relative merits. 812:, requires 69% fewer fossil fuel resources to produce than plastic, but it requires very specific conditions to break down fully. 698:

Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

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of silver, bombillas and gourds made of silver can get very hot fast, requiring caution when drinking hot mate tea to avoid burns.

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Plastic straws amounted to 5–7.5% of all waste collected from beaches during the 2017 International Cleanup Event, conducted by

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straw came into fashion because it was cheap and soft, but it had an unfortunate tendency to turn to mush when put in liquid.

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marketed packages of reusable plastic straws branded with Trump's name and colored in the signature red associated with the "

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building a machine that would coat the outside of the paper with wax to hold it together, so the glue would not dissolve in

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After consideration of a ban in the UK, in 2018, after a two-month trial of paper straws at a number of outlets in the UK,

1176: 782: 357: 5237: 2226: 1833: 1642: 1571: 5918: 4633: 2743: 523:. Silver bombillas are popular. In recent times, the traditional silver bombillas are being replaced by ones made from 5913: 5192:"Trump's campaign offered 10 plastic straws for $ 15 because 'liberal paper straws don't work'—and they just sold out" 4457: 4353: 3566:"Crivella sanciona lei que obriga bares e restaurantes a oferecer canudos de papel biodegradável ou reciclável no Rio" 2935: 1084: 1072: 1044: 103:

to force the liquid through the straw and into the mouth. Drinking straws can be straight or have an angle-adjustable

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In the first half of 2018, three towns in Massachusetts banned petrochemical plastic straws directly in the case of

692: 4764: 4594:"New York's Straw Law Will Fine Business for Giving Out Unsolicited Straws, and Also for Not Having Enough Straws" 3914: 2966: 1916:(Spring/2015). Office of Strategic Communications and External Relations, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: 12–13. 5435: 2988: 1110: 173: 4397: 3133:

straws add up to only about 2,000 tons of the nearly 9 million tons of plastic waste that yearly hits the waters

1876: 5923: 5655: 5261: 4930:"Burger King UK to Phase Out Plastic Straws and Commit to all Recyclable Packaging by 2025! - One Green Planet" 3043: 1544: 1470:

Maeir, Aren M.; Garfinkel, Yosef (2013). "Bone and Metal Straw-tip Beer-strainers from the Ancient Near East".

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in 1937. He quickly developed the straw after he saw his daughter struggling to use a normal straight straw.

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A month after the Vancouver ban passed (but before it took effect) Canada's second-largest fast food chain,

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Edible straws have been made out of materials like rice, seaweed, rye, and confectioneries (such as candy).

296: 45: 4904: 2769: 2006: 5796: 5712: 5097: 4392: 3206: 2814: 1718: 1311: 1240: 1099: 1087:, banned straws that are not recyclable or compostable as part of its Article 42 polystyrene regulations. 1012: 938: 678: 3940: 4297: 2660: 813: 809: 758: 4873: 589: 32: 5760: 4326:"California just became the first US state to ban plastic straws in restaurants—unless customers ask" 4005: 3642: 3157: 2877: 2314: 2108: 1852:"The Backlash Against Plastic Straws Is Spreading. Here's How They Got So Popular in the First Place" 1668:"The Backlash Against Plastic Straws Is Spreading. Here's How They Got So Popular in the First Place" 1622: 1236: 1156:

announced they would have plastic straws fully phased out by January 2019 in all of their locations.

1056: 530: 100: 5072:"'Disabled People Are Not Part of the Conversation.' Advocates Speak Out Against Plastic Straw Bans" 4972: 4186: 3804: 5892: 5806: 5505: 5254: 2538:

The straw, rorchen, or bombilla is about seven inches long, with a strainer on the lower end to ...

2466:"What is a vampire straw? A closer look at the weapon confiscated from a Boston traveler's luggage" 1817: 1273: 1188: 1060: 1016: 624: 477: 184: 131: 4954: 4135: 1355:

Pang, Bo; Cox, Paul; Codino, Julianna; Collum, Austin; Sims, Jake; Rubin, Adam (30 January 2020).

5704: 5340: 4553: 4358: 4029: 3189: 2909: 2378: 2330: 2302: 2124: 1526: 1518: 1036: 976: 861: 662: 648: 53: 315: 5786: 5676: 5610: 5515: 5480: 5306: 5165: 5105: 5053: 5035: 4994: 4021: 3805:"The Federal Court just overturned Ottawa's single-use plastic ban - National | Globalnews.ca" 3754: 3413: 3181: 3173: 3073: 2901: 2893: 2777: 2614: 2587: 2581: 2560: 2554: 2511: 2419: 2368: 2265: 2257: 2201:"Would you pay $ 2 for a straw ? San Francisco bubble tea shops wrestle with plastic ban" 2061: 1895:"Baltimore Sun: Baltimore breaking news, sports, business, entertainment, weather and traffic" 1394: 1376: 1209: 1040: 995: 731: 657:

A video of a plastic straw being removed from the nostril of a sea turtle by marine biologist

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Figgener, Christine (November 2018). "What I learnt pulling a straw out of a turtle's nose".

5750: 5735: 5575: 5043: 5025: 4984: 4330: 4270:"California governor signs bill to reduce plastic straw use, cut waste 'choking our planet'" 4246: 4082:"The U.K. Might Want to Ban All Plastic Straws and Drink Stirrers So Savor Those Sips Today" 4013: 3403: 3393: 3165: 2885: 2411: 2360: 2322: 2116: 2053: 1813:"Good to the last drop: The drinking straw was invented in Washington - The Washington Post" 1510: 1479: 1384: 1368: 512: 469: 435: 280: 108: 95:

A straw is used by placing one end in one's mouth and the other in a beverage. By employing

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http://www.youngscientist.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Year-5_Straws-that-Stay_YSA.pdf

1260:" slogan, as a fundraising stunt. The campaign website promoted them as an alternative to " 307:

Drinking straws come in many variations and are manufactured using a variety of materials.

5730: 5475: 5241: 4715: 4302: 4086: 3747:"Trudeau government plans to ban 'harmful' single-use plastics in Canada as early as 2021" 3617: 2691:"'Rye-cycled' natural straws helping environment and farmers in war on single-use plastic" 1604: 1285: 878: 856:, including one of a plastic straw being removed from a sea turtle's nostril by biologist 805: 524: 508: 489: 485: 416: 351: 209: 1183:

said it would eliminate all single-use plastic items by 2020. Other conversions include

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dates to 1954. Dieffenbach served as chairman until 1972 and the business, then based in

4819: 4109: 4009: 3161: 2881: 2405: 2352: 2318: 2112: 5671: 5600: 5560: 5530: 5301: 5048: 5013: 4769: 4453: 3408: 3381: 3329:"Wasted efforts? Even paper straws won't break down in the dump, says waste consultant" 3044:

Americans Throw Out Millions Of Plastic Straws Daily. Here's What's Being Done About It

2415: 2364: 1692: 1389: 1213: 950: 934: 894: 370: 192: 5331: 5229: 986:, a proposal to phase out single-use plastics was announced during the meeting of the 5907: 5881: 5686: 5550: 5535: 5460: 5311: 4033: 2610:

Silver of the Americas, 1600-2000: American Silver in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

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Plants, Health and Healing: On the Interface of Ethnobotany and Medical Anthropology

2160: 381:", has a spoon-like tip at the bottom, and is often used with iced slush beverages. 346:", commonly referred to in the industry as an "articulated straw". This straw has a 5869: 5495: 5414: 4874:"These 8 Companies Are Ditching Plastic Straws. Here's How They Are Replacing Them" 4846:"Starbucks and McDonald's plastic straw removal will go down well with millennials" 4053: 3019:"California Considers $ 1,000 Fine for Waiters Offering Unsolicited Plastic Straws" 1667: 1253: 1244:

for retail and food establishments to comply with such regulations"). In 2019, the

1172: 1169:, which will be served with straws made from paper or other sustainable materials. 1091: 828: 520: 292: 269: 231: 188: 168:(Amenophis IV), circa 1300 BCE depicting use of an early form of drinking straw in 161: 139: 116: 4429:"Starbucks joins McDonald's, IKEA, Seattle and Vancouver in ban on plastic straws" 4081: 2441:"Plastic straws aren't just bad for the environment—they can be bad for your body" 2326: 1954: 1851: 222: 4682:"McDonald's to replace plastic straws with paper ones in UK and Ireland branches" 3880: 3668:"Vancouver bans plastic bags, straws, foam containers and other single-use items" 3308:"Woman, 60, died after falling on eco-friendly metal straw which pierced her eye" 3169: 2608: 2531: 2120: 975:

recycle used plastic products and prevent them from reaching landfills. In 2018,

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that contain hundreds of flavored pellets encased within a stiff plastic straw.

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announced straws would be provided by request only, starting 1 September 2018.

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have moved away from plastic straws. Bamboo straws are sometimes made from the

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Kenward, Michael (December 2018). "Plastic waste is the last straw, says UK".

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Tokiwa, Yutaka; Calabia, Buenaventurada; Ugwu, Charles; Aiba, Seiichi (2009).

3253:"Why People With Disabilities Want Bans On Plastic Straws To Be More Flexible" 2285: 1928: 1693:"A Brief History of the Modern-Day Straw, the World's Most Wasteful Commodity" 1338:"Why People With Disabilities Want Bans On Plastic Straws To Be More Flexible" 1166: 1023: 991: 771: 566: 516: 385: 347: 249: 191:. Others claim metal ‘sceptres’ discovered in Armenia in 1897 and date to the 135: 120: 17: 5169: 5109: 5039: 4998: 4989: 4025: 3829: 3758: 3618:"City of Vancouver votes to ban single-use plastic straws and styrofoam cups" 3354: 3177: 3077: 2897: 2781: 2536:. American Historical Society of Germans from Russia. 1978. pp. 29, 46. 1572:"These 5,000-Year-Old Drinking Straws Were Used to Sip Beer, Researchers Say" 1380: 1165:

announced conversion by 2020 to no-straw lids for all cold drinks except for

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can be used in high complexity environments where liquids can cause problems.

208:, a metal straw with a filter on the bottom, traditionally used for drinking 56:

are commonly made from plastics. However, environmental concerns related to

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announced that they would be debuting strawless lids for cold drinks across

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The most common form of drinking straw is made of the thermoplastic polymer

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and were used for drinking beer, probably to avoid the solid byproducts of

4298:"California Bans Restaurants From Automatically Giving Out Plastic Straws" 2057: 515:

which is used to construct the filter and stem, sometimes combined with a

5635: 5625: 5500: 5450: 5358: 5291: 5158:"Trump re-election campaign raises $ 460,000 from selling plastic straws" 4686: 4576:"City Council passes bill limiting single-use plastic straws in eateries" 4017: 3398: 1184: 790: 465: 448: 420: 204: 112: 69: 49: 2486: 1372: 1159:

Various independent restaurants have also stopped using plastic straws.

407: 5740: 5525: 5470: 5465: 5389: 5321: 4737: 4049:"Sip on This: The Queen Has Banned Plastic Straws at Buckingham Palace" 1576: 1522: 1357:"Straw vs Cup Use in Patients with Symptoms of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia" 1137:

implemented a ban on non-compostable disposable straws on 1 July 2018.

1134: 923: 389: 130:, they play an important role in food and drink access for people with 127: 104: 96: 3695:"Starbucks to launch strawless cold-drink lids in Toronto this summer" 2996: 797:. In August 2019, after deploying paper straws in the United Kingdom, 5816: 5605: 5595: 5590: 5565: 5510: 5363: 585: 493: 427: 366: 89: 5131:"How business groups are fighting a wave of anti-plastic straw laws" 4657:"McDonald's to switch to paper straws in UK after customer campaign" 4634:"Seattle becomes the latest city to ban plastic straws and utensils" 1545:"The oldest known drinking straws date back to over 5,000 years ago" 1514: 1498: 395:

Plastic straws can also be embellished with some forms marketed as "

885:

promised to phase out plastic straws throughout Australia by 2020.

848:

and larger plastic waste-reduction efforts that focused on banning

5650: 5620: 5555: 5409: 5353: 4973:"The Rise and Fall of the Plastic Straw: Sucking in Crip Defiance" 3539:"Canudinho de plástico no Rio é proibido e a fiscalização começou" 3282:"'Yuppy activism': Disability advocates condemn plastic straw ban" 2556:

CultureShock! Argentina: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette

2175:"Polar Krush launches 100% recyclable spoon straw for iced drinks" 1790: 1453:"The Amazing History and the Strange Invention of the Bendy Straw" 1208:

Full bans on single-use plastic straws have faced opposition from

767: 757: 638: 562: 500: 454: 406: 356: 333: 314: 197: 180: 85: 77: 73: 65: 31: 4792:"Major fast-food chain to eliminate plastic straws by year's end" 3464:"These straws work like plastic, but they're 'hyper-compostable'" 2533:

Journal of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia

5640: 5373: 5348: 4955:

Banning straws not enough to solve plastic pollution, May warned

4796: 4274: 4136:"Plastic straws and stirrers ban delayed because of coronavirus" 2303:"Comparative life cycle assessment of drinking straws in Brazil" 1894: 1180: 362: 169: 123:

has increased the widespread availability of disposable straws.

5250: 5811: 3780:"Trudeau eyeing a Canadian ban on single-use plastics by 2021" 3721:"Canada Will Ban Single-Use Plastics—If Trudeau Is Re-elected" 2928:"Straw Wars: The Fight to Rid the Oceans of Discarded Plastic" 2559:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 133. 2470: 2262:

The Fabric of Autism: Weaving the Threads into a Cogent Theory

672: 599: 503:

such as an alloy of copper and nickel called alpaca silver or

5246: 941:, as it was found to be "unreasonable and unconstitutional". 3500:

McDonald's pushed to ban plastic straws in the United States

3066:"How a 9-Year-Old Boy's Statistic Shaped a Debate on Straws" 2487:"Diccionario de la lengua española - Real Academia Española" 1625:, Stone, Marvin, "Artificial straw", issued 1888 1312:"Banning Plastic Straws Is a Huge Burden on Disabled People" 3121:"Science Says: Amount of straws, plastic pollution is huge" 1499:"Beer and Its Drinkers: An Ancient Near Eastern Love Story" 1231:

lobbying group against "excessive" regulation—has promoted

76:

or alternative disposable and biodegradable materials like

4526:"Longmeadow residents vote on 24 articles at Town Meeting" 2407:

Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources

3881:"Single-use plastics ban approved by European Parliament" 3859:"European Union: Ban on Single-Use Plastics Takes Effect" 3853: 3851: 3830:"EU proposes ban on straws and other single-use plastics" 1179:

plans to offer only paper straws on request by 2019, and

338:

A pink articulated plastic straw in a cup of orange juice

4458:

Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection

2635:"Starbucks to ban plastics straws in all stores by 2020" 2035:. North Adams, Massachusetts. 14 August 1951. p. 3. 1986:. The Library of Congress. January–June 1950. p. 80 877:

A single-use plastic ban was introduced in the state of

361:

An astronaut using a plastic straw in space on the 1998

2143:

Polypropylene: the definitive user's guide and databook

342:

One interesting variation of the plastic straw is the "

3941:"How to check the conformity of your drinking straws?" 2718:"The Dream of a Delicious Alternative (Cereal?) Straw" 2697:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 October 2019 2661:"Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. GRIN-Global" 979:

banned all single-use plastic items from her palaces.

2815:"Types of Plastic - A Complete Plastic Numbers Guide" 2548: 2546: 926:

as a part of their global environmental aspirations.

519:

head. Low-end bombillas are made from hollow-stemmed

2046:

Malpass, Dennis B.; Band, Elliot I. (18 June 2012).

1883:. 9 July 1973. p. 9 – via newspapers.com. 1757:"1888 Heavy-Duty Paper Drinking Straws (Pack of 24)" 60:

and new regulation have led to rise in reusable and

5779: 5711: 5699: 5664: 5583: 5574: 5423: 5382: 5339: 5284: 5098:"Fatal Accident With Metal Straw Highlights a Risk" 1113:, banned plastic straws and polystyrene packaging. 195:(3700 to 2900 BCE) as the oldest surviving straws. 4110:"Government to set new controls on plastic straws" 1071:A ban on single-use straws has been instituted in 852:in some jurisdictions. It has been intensified by 4711:"McDonald's to move from plastic to paper straws" 2506: 2504: 1414:"Plastic single-use straws - exemptions guidance" 3643:"Vancouver approves ban on straws, plastic bags" 2959:"FAQs and Links – Milo's Be Straw Free Campaign" 99:, the air pressure in one's mouth drops causing 5225:History of beer and bread (and Sumerian straws) 4868: 4866: 4549:"New York Today: The Scourge of Plastic Straws" 4161:"Plastic straw ban in England comes into force" 3966:"Taiwan's ban on plastic straws kicks in today" 3280:Dawes, Samantha; Keane, Daniel (10 July 2019). 789:, and that paper straws would likely end up in 434:after a vampire straw was confiscated from his 4454:"Montgomery County's Ban on Single-Use Straws" 4422: 4420: 4418: 2607:Jeannine J. Falino; Gerald W. R. Ward (2008). 1980:"Catalogue of Copyright Entries: Third Series" 1877:"Otto Dieffenbach (19 Nov 1880 - 7 July 1973)" 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1075:, going into full effect on 21 December 2021. 616:Environmental impact of paper straw production 107:segment. Straws have been used since earliest 5262: 4820:"Business Directory - The Last Plastic Straw" 4501:"Should cities and towns ban plastic straws?" 2516:. Adam and Charles Black. 1856. p. 194. 2353:"Introduction to plastic waste and recycling" 1336:Danovich, Tove; Godoy, Maria (11 July 2018). 488:) is a type of drinking straw, used to drink 377:Another variation of the plastic straw, the " 8: 3502:S.J. Mercury News (McClatchy, 30 April 2018) 3355:"McDonald's paper straws cannot be recycled" 860:and filmed by marine biologist and activist 48:that is intended to carry the contents of a 36:Plastic drinking straws with bellows segment 3386:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 1035:Local regulations have also been passed in 388:, to better accommodate its characteristic 268:Plastic straws became widespread following 5580: 5269: 5255: 5247: 4898: 4896: 4894: 3115: 3113: 2742:Concio, Chardynne Joy H. (24 April 2019). 1121:A drinking straw ban has been proposed in 411:A reusable metal straw with a silicone tip 5047: 5029: 4988: 4977:Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 3407: 3397: 1388: 714:Learn how and when to remove this message 5212:"Don Quixote," tr. Edith Grossman (2003) 5014:"Water, water everywhere! Any to drink?" 4187:"City Newsroom - the City of Santa Cruz" 2685: 2683: 2681: 2049:Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene 1832:Hollander, Catherine (23 October 2014). 1641:Hollander, Catherine (23 October 2014). 998:and came into effect on 1 October 2020. 499:Traditional bombillas are made of metal 221: 179:The first known straws were made by the 155: 4765:"McDonald's to test paper straws in US" 2770:"Do You Really Need a Straw With That?" 1598: 1596: 1594: 1302: 4296:Filloon, Whitney (21 September 2018). 3991: 3989: 3987: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 2863: 2861: 2580:Elisabeth Hsu; Stephen Harris (2010). 1055:Local regulations have been passed in 319:Plastic drinking straws in a container 5849:Mr. Boston Official Bartender's Guide 5012:Schwieterman, Gail (1 January 2020). 4608:"Food Service Packaging Requirements" 4213:"Straws Upon Request in the New Year" 3443:from the original on 15 February 2021 3323: 3321: 3275: 3273: 3247: 3245: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3143: 3141: 2400: 2398: 2346: 2344: 2296: 2294: 2264:. Sapphire Enterprises. p. 182. 2237:from the original on 7 September 2015 2225:Hollander, Catherine (October 2014). 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 1225:American Legislative Exchange Council 766:Alternatives to plastic straws, some 7: 5836:International Bartenders Association 5230:How plastic drinking straws are made 4738:"McDonald's to ditch plastic straws" 4547:Levine, Alexandra S. (23 May 2018). 4385:"Assembly Bill 1884 Signing Message" 4352:Koseff, Alexei (20 September 2018). 4324:Brueck, Hilary (21 September 2018). 4047:Ferro, Shaunacy (21 February 2018). 3592:"LEI Nº 6.384 DE 4 DE JULHO DE 2018" 3431:DiPalma, Brooke (15 February 2021). 1451:Thompson, Derek (22 November 2011). 1418:NSW Environment Protection Authority 929:In June 2019, in the lead-up to the 430:-like weapon. A man was arrested at 234:patented the modern drinking straw, 4268:Daniels, Jeff (21 September 2018). 3306:Olsen, Martine Berg (8 July 2019). 2485:Diccionario de la lengua española. 1719:"Honestly, Who Likes Paper Straws?" 1570:Dvorsky, George (18 January 2022). 5190:Breuninger, Kevin (19 July 2019). 3596:Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro 2768:Krueger, Alyson (7 October 2019). 2716:Zhang, Jenny G. (30 August 2019). 2439:Brissette, Christy (3 July 2018). 2416:10.1016/b978-0-08-045316-3.x0001-4 2365:10.1016/b978-0-12-817880-5.00001-3 2101:Environmental Science & Policy 432:Boston Logan International Airport 25: 3745:Ballingall, Alex (10 June 2019). 3719:Beaumont, Hilary (10 June 2019). 3564:Boeckel, Cristina (5 July 2018). 2989:"UNDERSTANDING PLASTIC POLLUTION" 2157:"Friedman and the Flexible Straw" 643:A pink heart-shaped plastic straw 5887: 5886: 5875: 5863: 5330: 4499:Emily, Norton (10 August 2018). 3693:Gladysz, Kayla (20 March 2019). 3223:Lowrey, Annie (20 August 2019). 2969:from the original on 5 July 2017 2744:"The Incredible, Edible… Straw?" 1361:Spartan Medical Research Journal 1011:On 7 November 2017, the city of 988:Commonwealth Heads of Government 839:Plastic straw bans and proposals 677: 604: 447:This section is an excerpt from 4080:Bruner, Raisa (19 April 2018). 3490:, plasticpollutioncoalition.org 3225:"The Case Against Paper Straws" 3064:Chokshi, Niraj (19 July 2018). 2934:. 12 April 2017. Archived from 2586:. Berghahn Books. p. 281. 126:Though most straws are used by 5156:Gabbatt, Adam (29 July 2019). 4709:McMahon, Aine (15 June 2018). 4655:Vaughan, Adam (15 June 2018). 4108:Shukman, David (22 May 2019). 3462:Peters, Adele (7 March 2019). 3382:"Biodegradability of Plastics" 2227:"A Brief History of the Straw" 1834:"A Brief History of the Straw" 1643:"A Brief History of the Straw" 27:Thin tube for drinking liquids 1: 5096:Vigdor, Neil (11 July 2019). 4763:Eitel, Barry (16 June 2018). 3545:(in Portuguese). 19 July 2018 2327:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123070 2307:Journal of Cleaner Production 1412:EPA, NSW (10 November 2022). 1235:which contain carve-outs for 844:plastic particles in oceanic 4971:Wong, Alice (1 April 2019). 4903:Graham, Adam H. (May 2018). 3598:(in Portuguese). 4 July 2018 3170:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.008 2121:10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.007 1310:Wong, Alice (19 July 2018). 893:On 5 July 2018, the city of 5934:Products introduced in 1888 2553:Fiona Adams (1 July 2011). 2359:, Elsevier, pp. 3–12, 2357:Plastic Waste and Recycling 2351:Letcher, Trevor M. (2020), 2031:"Sip-N-See Advertisement". 1605:"A History of Paper Straws" 1085:Williamstown, Massachusetts 1073:Montgomery County, Maryland 1045:San Luis Obispo, California 982:On 19 April 2018, ahead of 613:It has been suggested that 160:Ancient Egyptian painting, 5950: 4614:. Seattle Public Utilities 4479:"REDUCTION OF POLYSTYRENE" 2890:10.1038/d41586-018-07287-z 2256:Bluestone, Judith (2005). 2033:The North Adams Transcript 1484:10.1179/007589192790220793 630:Proposed since April 2024. 446: 5858: 5436:Alcoholic spirits measure 5328: 1746:Year 5 – Straws that Stay 1111:Longmeadow, Massachusetts 1094:, and as part of broader 881:in 2020. Fast food chain 174:Egyptian Museum of Berlin 4990:10.28968/cftt.v5i1.30435 3939:Honorine (12 May 2022). 2932:National Geographic News 1503:Near Eastern Archaeology 1258:Make America Great Again 5792:Craft cocktail movement 5031:10.1093/conphys/coaa071 5018:Conservation Physiology 4824:thelastplasticstraw.org 4191:www.cityofsantacruz.com 3150:Environmental Pollution 1497:Homan, Michael (2004). 1218:spinal muscular atrophy 686:Some of this article's 557:Some companies such as 542:Some companies such as 5797:Drinking establishment 4934:www.onegreenplanet.org 4393:Governor of California 3751:The Hamilton Spectator 1787:"History – StoneStraw" 1013:Santa Cruz, California 763: 644: 461: 412: 374: 339: 320: 227: 212: 176: 37: 5929:Plastics applications 5235:#stopsucking campaign 4383:(20 September 2018). 3861:. Library of Congress 2058:10.1002/9781118463215 1761:Driehaus Museum Store 1141:Voluntary conversions 810:biodegradable plastic 762:Paper drinking straws 761: 642: 458: 410: 360: 337: 318: 225: 201: 159: 132:physical disabilities 35: 5893:Category: Bartending 5383:Non-alcoholic mixers 5240:10 July 2018 at the 4403:on 21 September 2018 4381:Brown, Edmund G. Jr. 4018:10.1557/mrs.2018.307 3399:10.3390/ijms10093722 2665:npgsweb.ars-grin.gov 2231:Bon Appetit Magazine 1246:re-election campaign 996:coronavirus pandemic 814:Polyhydroxyalkanoate 623:into this article. ( 596:Environmental impact 552:Phyllostachys edulis 531:thermal conductivity 283:, was sold in 1979. 101:atmospheric pressure 5919:Disposable products 5341:Alcoholic beverages 4010:2018MRSBu..43..913K 3906:French Government. 3162:2018EPoll.240..387C 2882:2018Natur.563..157F 2319:2020JCPro.27623070Z 2113:2020ESPol.106..177V 1955:"Toy Drinking Tube" 1912:"Monkey Business". 1818:The Washington Post 1373:10.51894/001c.11591 1274:Miguel de Cervantes 1189:London City Airport 1061:Fort Myers, Florida 1017:Alameda, California 128:able-bodied peoples 5914:Cocktail garnishes 5841:official cocktails 5705:List of bartenders 5102:The New York Times 4909:The New York Times 4554:The New York Times 4359:The Sacramento Bee 3920:on 1 February 2023 3674:. 28 November 2019 3070:The New York Times 2802:Milk plant monthly 2774:The New York Times 2145:. 1 November 1998. 1953:Dinhofer, Milton. 1793:on 6 December 2021 1603:B.V, Tembo Paper. 1200:Opposition to bans 1098:packaging laws in 977:Queen Elizabeth II 862:Christine Figgener 858:Nathan J. Robinson 764: 663:Christine Figgener 659:Nathan J. Robinson 645: 462: 413: 375: 340: 321: 228: 215:In the 1800s, the 213: 177: 115:used to drink the 66:reusable materials 38: 5901: 5900: 5882:liquor portal 5787:Bartending school 5761:Six o'clock swill 5695: 5694: 5677:Cocktail umbrella 5611:Maraschino cherry 5516:Margarita machine 5481:Cocktail strainer 5307:Cocktail waitress 4596:. 4 October 2021. 4528:. 6 November 2019 3887:. 24 October 2018 3488:"No straw please" 3437:finance.yahoo.com 3025:. 25 January 2018 2821:. 17 January 2020 2620:978-0-87846-721-1 2593:978-1-84545-060-1 2566:978-981-4346-77-1 2374:978-0-12-817880-5 2179:beveragedaily.com 1881:The Baltimore Sun 1767:on 10 August 2021 1551:. 19 January 2022 1233:model state bills 1210:disability rights 949:In May 2018, the 933:, prime minister 910:In May 2018, the 897:became the first 732:Ocean Conservancy 724: 723: 716: 637: 636: 632: 590:Magic Milk Straws 561:have switched to 58:plastic pollution 54:Disposable straws 16:(Redirected from 5941: 5890: 5889: 5880: 5879: 5870:Drink portal 5868: 5867: 5866: 5736:Flair bartending 5581: 5461:Beverage coaster 5334: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5248: 5213: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5033: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4992: 4968: 4962: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4427:LaMagna, Maria. 4424: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4402: 4396:. Archived from 4389: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4331:Business Insider 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4245:. Archived from 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4219:on 4 August 2018 4215:. Archived from 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4057:. Archived from 4044: 4038: 4037: 3993: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3919: 3913:. 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Archived from 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2865: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2841:"Plastic Straws" 2837: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2687: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2508: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2474:. 30 April 2023. 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2298: 2289: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2163:on 4 April 2009. 2159:. Archived from 2153: 2147: 2146: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2095: 2072: 2071: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2007:"Drinking Straw" 2002: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1929:"Drinking Straw" 1924: 1918: 1917: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1899:baltimoresun.com 1891: 1885: 1884: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1789:. Archived from 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1763:. Archived from 1753: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1697:atlasobscura.com 1689: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1600: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1448: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1392: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1307: 1250:Republican Party 1129:Washington state 1096:sustainable food 956:carbon emissions 931:federal election 719: 712: 708: 705: 699: 681: 673: 628: 608: 607: 600: 436:carry-on luggage 281:Towson, Maryland 247: 246: 242: 239: 109:recorded history 52:to one's mouth. 21: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5924:Eating utensils 5904: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5854: 5775: 5707: 5691: 5660: 5570: 5476:Cocktail shaker 5419: 5378: 5335: 5326: 5280: 5275: 5242:Wayback Machine 5221: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4961:(20 April 2018) 4959:Financial Times 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4872: 4871: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4844:Garcia, Tonya. 4843: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4721: 4719: 4716:The Irish Times 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4612:www.seattle.gov 4606: 4605: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4387: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4243:City of Alameda 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4193:(Press release) 4185: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4140:Financial Times 4134:Evans, Judith. 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4061:on 12 June 2018 4046: 4045: 4041: 4004:(12): 913–914. 3995: 3994: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3677: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3624: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3572:(in Portuguese) 3563: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3361:. 5 August 2019 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3319: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3222: 3221: 3212: 3205: 3201: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3063: 3062: 3049: 3042: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2993:Strawless Ocean 2987: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2938:on 29 June 2017 2926: 2925: 2921: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2552: 2551: 2544: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2445:Washington Post 2438: 2437: 2433: 2426: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2387: 2385: 2375: 2350: 2349: 2342: 2300: 2299: 2292: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2272: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2181:. 12 April 2019 2173: 2172: 2168: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2097: 2096: 2075: 2068: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2015: 2013: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1796: 1794: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1728: 1726: 1725:. 23 March 2017 1717: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1602: 1601: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1554: 1552: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1515:10.2307/4132364 1496: 1495: 1491: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1450: 1449: 1432: 1422: 1420: 1411: 1410: 1406: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1286:Nicholson Baker 1270: 1264:paper straws". 1202: 1177:Royal Caribbean 1143: 1131: 1119: 1081: 1069: 1053: 1009: 1004: 972: 964: 947: 918:In March 2019, 908: 891: 879:South Australia 875: 870: 846:garbage patches 841: 825: 806:Polylactic acid 756: 740: 720: 709: 703: 700: 697: 682: 671: 633: 609: 605: 598: 575: 540: 535: 534: 525:stainless steel 509:stainless steel 452: 444: 417:polylactic acid 405: 371:hydration packs 352:Joseph Friedman 313: 305: 266: 264:Mass production 244: 240: 237: 235: 232:Marvin C. Stone 226:Marvin C. Stone 154: 149: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5947: 5945: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5906: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5884: 5872: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5682:Drinking straw 5679: 5674: 5672:Cocktail stick 5668: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5601:Cocktail onion 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5561:Wine dispenser 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5531:Muddling spoon 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5345: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5302:Beer sommelier 5299: 5294: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5219:External links 5217: 5215: 5214: 5205: 5182: 5148: 5122: 5088: 5063: 5024:(1): coaa071. 5004: 4963: 4947: 4936:. 12 June 2018 4921: 4890: 4862: 4836: 4811: 4783: 4770:Anadolu Agency 4755: 4744:. 15 June 2018 4729: 4701: 4690:. 15 June 2018 4673: 4647: 4625: 4599: 4585: 4567: 4539: 4517: 4491: 4470: 4445: 4414: 4372: 4344: 4316: 4288: 4260: 4230: 4204: 4178: 4167:. October 2020 4152: 4126: 4100: 4072: 4039: 3983: 3957: 3945:Drinking Straw 3931: 3898: 3872: 3847: 3821: 3796: 3771: 3737: 3711: 3685: 3659: 3634: 3609: 3583: 3556: 3530: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3454: 3423: 3372: 3346: 3335:. 17 July 2018 3317: 3298: 3269: 3241: 3210: 3199: 3137: 3109: 3098:Connor, Alex. 3090: 3047: 3036: 3010: 2980: 2957:Bailey, Kate. 2949: 2919: 2857: 2845:BeyondPlastics 2832: 2806: 2794: 2760: 2734: 2708: 2677: 2652: 2626: 2619: 2599: 2592: 2572: 2565: 2542: 2523: 2500: 2477: 2457: 2431: 2424: 2394: 2373: 2340: 2290: 2277: 2270: 2248: 2217: 2192: 2166: 2148: 2134: 2073: 2066: 2038: 2023: 2011:Google Patents 1997: 1971: 1959:Google Patents 1945: 1933:Google Patents 1919: 1904: 1886: 1868: 1843: 1824: 1804: 1778: 1748: 1736: 1710: 1684: 1659: 1647:bonappetit.com 1633: 1614: 1590: 1562: 1536: 1489: 1462: 1430: 1404: 1347: 1328: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1269: 1266: 1227:(ALEC)—a U.S. 1214:cerebral palsy 1201: 1198: 1142: 1139: 1130: 1127: 1118: 1115: 1080: 1077: 1068: 1065: 1052: 1049: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 971: 970:United Kingdom 968: 963: 960: 951:European Union 946: 945:European Union 943: 935:Justin Trudeau 907: 904: 895:Rio de Janeiro 890: 887: 874: 871: 869: 866: 840: 837: 824: 821: 755: 752: 739: 736: 722: 721: 688:listed sources 685: 683: 676: 670: 667: 635: 634: 612: 610: 603: 597: 594: 574: 571: 539: 536: 453: 445: 443: 440: 404: 401: 390:tapioca pearls 312: 309: 304: 301: 265: 262: 193:Maykop culture 153: 152:Early examples 150: 148: 145: 42:drinking straw 26: 24: 18:Plastic straws 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5946: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5894: 5885: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5871: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5751:Ladies' night 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5687:Swizzle stick 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5551:Swizzle stick 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5536:Nutmeg grater 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312:Nightclub act 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5265: 5260: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5209: 5206: 5193: 5186: 5183: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5149: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5092: 5089: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4948: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4837: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4800:. 8 June 2018 4799: 4798: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4756: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4730: 4718: 4717: 4712: 4705: 4702: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4648: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4540: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4492: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4348: 4345: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4317: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4292: 4289: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4261: 4249:on 4 May 2020 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4127: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4101: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4073: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3972:. 1 July 2019 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3916: 3909: 3908:"FAQ Plastic" 3902: 3899: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3836:. 28 May 2018 3835: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3785: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3738: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3712: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3686: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3557: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3531: 3519:. 26 May 2018 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3455: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3373: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3299: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3091: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3011: 2999:on 3 May 2018 2998: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2950: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876:(7730): 157. 2875: 2871: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2749: 2748:Science Times 2745: 2738: 2735: 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Lema.rae.es 2488: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2446: 2442: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2425:9780080453163 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2286:Drinking Tube 2281: 2278: 2273: 2271:9780972023528 2267: 2263: 2259: 2258:"Crazy Straw" 2252: 2249: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2218: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2067:9781118463215 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2012: 2008: 2005:Dinhofer, M. 2001: 1998: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1960: 1956: 1949: 1946: 1934: 1930: 1927:Dinhofer, M. 1923: 1920: 1915: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1819: 1814: 1808: 1805: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1737: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1699:. 7 July 2017 1698: 1694: 1688: 1685: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1566: 1563: 1550: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1419: 1415: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1332: 1329: 1317: 1313: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1291:The Mezzanine 1287: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1123:New York City 1116: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1079:Massachusetts 1078: 1076: 1074: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002:United States 1001: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 969: 967: 961: 959: 957: 952: 944: 942: 940: 939:Federal Court 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 916: 913: 905: 903: 900: 899:state capital 896: 888: 886: 884: 880: 872: 867: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 838: 836: 832: 830: 822: 820: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 777: 773: 769: 760: 753: 751: 747: 744: 743:Microplastics 738:Microplastics 737: 735: 733: 728: 718: 715: 707: 704:November 2023 695: 694: 689: 684: 680: 675: 674: 668: 666: 664: 660: 655: 652: 650: 641: 631: 626: 622: 618: 617: 611: 602: 601: 595: 593: 591: 587: 583: 582:Flav-R-Straws 578: 572: 570: 568: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 537: 532: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 505:German silver 502: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 457: 450: 441: 439: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 409: 402: 400: 398: 393: 391: 387: 382: 380: 372: 368: 364: 359: 355: 353: 349: 345: 336: 332: 328: 326: 325:polypropylene 317: 310: 308: 302: 300: 298: 294: 289: 284: 282: 278: 273: 271: 263: 261: 258: 256: 251: 233: 224: 220: 218: 211: 207: 206: 200: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 175: 171: 167: 163: 158: 151: 146: 144: 141: 137: 133: 129: 124: 122: 118: 117:mate infusion 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 62:biodegradable 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 34: 30: 19: 5847: 5681: 5521:Melon baller 5496:Glass rimmer 5415:Tomato juice 5208: 5196:. 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